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Zeppa L, Aguzzi C, Morelli MB, Marinelli O, Giangrossi M, Luongo M, Amantini C, Santoni G, Nabissi M. Cannabigerol Induces Autophagic Cell Death by Inhibiting EGFR-RAS Pathways in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2001. [PMID: 38396679 PMCID: PMC10888274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent infiltrating type of pancreatic cancer. The poor prognosis associated with this cancer is due to the absence of specific biomarkers, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. PDAC is a deadly malignancy bearing distinct genetic alterations, the most common being those that result in cancer-causing versions of the KRAS gene. Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychomimetic cannabinoid with anti-inflammatory properties. Regarding the anticancer effect of CBG, up to now, there is only limited evidence in human cancers. To fill this gap, we investigated the effects of CBG on the PDAC cell lines, PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2. The effect of CBG activity on cell viability, cell death, and EGFR-RAS-associated signaling was investigated. Moreover, the potential synergistic effect of CBG in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) was investigated. MTT was applied to investigate the effect of CBG on PDAC cell line viabilities. Annexin-V and Acridine orange staining, followed by cytofluorimetric analysis and Western blotting, were used to evaluate CBG's effect on cell death. The modulation of EGFR-RAS-associated pathways was determined by Western blot analysis and a Milliplex multiplex assay. Moreover, by employing the MTT data and SynergyFinder Plus software analysis, the effect of the combination of CBG and chemotherapeutic drugs was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.A.); (M.B.M.); (O.M.); (M.G.); (G.S.)
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.A.); (M.B.M.); (O.M.); (M.G.); (G.S.)
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.A.); (M.B.M.); (O.M.); (M.G.); (G.S.)
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.A.); (M.B.M.); (O.M.); (M.G.); (G.S.)
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Martina Giangrossi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.A.); (M.B.M.); (O.M.); (M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Margherita Luongo
- “Maria Guarino” Foundation—AMOR No Profit Association, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.A.); (M.B.M.); (O.M.); (M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.A.); (M.B.M.); (O.M.); (M.G.); (G.S.)
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Aguzzi C, Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Zeppa L, Mazzara E, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Bonacucina G, Nabissi M. Encapsulation of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Essential Oils into Nanoemulsions for Potential Therapeutic Applications: Assessment of Cytotoxicological Profiles. Molecules 2023; 28:6479. [PMID: 37764255 PMCID: PMC10537312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), due to its bioactive compounds (terpenes and cannabinoids), has gained increasing interest in different fields, including for medical purposes. The evaluation of the safety profile of hemp essential oil (EO) and its encapsulated form (nanoemulsion, NE) is a relevant aspect for potential therapeutic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effect of hemp EOs and NEs from cultivars Carmagnola CS and Uso 31 on three cell lines selected as models for topical and inhalant administration, by evaluating the cytotoxicity and the cytokine expression profiles. Results show that EOs and their NEs have comparable cytotoxicity, if considering the quantity of EO present in the NE. Moreover, cells treated with EOs and NEs showed, in most of the cases, lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared to Etoposide used as a positive control, and the basal level of inflammatory cytokines was not altered, suggesting a safety profile of hemp EOs and their NEs to support their use for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aguzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Laura Zeppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Eugenia Mazzara
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (L.Z.)
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Spinozzi E, Ferrati M, Baldassarri C, Maggi F, Pavela R, Benelli G, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Cappellacci L, Palmieri A, Petrelli R. Synthesis of Carlina Oxide Analogues and Evaluation of Their Insecticidal Efficacy and Cytotoxicity. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:1307-1316. [PMID: 37172063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Compounds isolated from botanical sources represent innovative and promising alternatives to conventional insecticides. Carlina oxide is a compound isolated from Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae) essential oil (EO) with great potential as bioinsecticide, being effective on various arthropod vectors and agricultural pests, with moderate toxicity on non-target species. Since the production from the wild source is limited, there is the need of exploring new synthetic routes for obtaining this compound and analogues with improved bioactivity and lower toxicity. Herein, the chemical synthesis of carlina oxide analogues was developed. Their insecticidal activity was assessed on the vectors Musca domestica L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The compounds' activity was compared with that of the natural counterparts EO and carlina oxide. In housefly tests, the analogues were comparably effective to purified carlina oxide. In Cx. quinquefasciatus assays, the meta-chloro analogue provided a significantly higher efficacy (LC50 of 0.71 μg mL-1) than the EO and carlina oxide (LC50 1.21 and 1.31 μg mL-1, respectively) and a better safety profile than carlina oxide on keratinocytes. Overall, this study can open the way to an agrochemical production of carlina oxide analogues employable as nature-inspired insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Baldassarri
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/C, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/C, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Maggi F, Morelli MB, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Nabissi M, Polidori C, Santoni G, Amantini C. Calcium influx, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by TRPV1 in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: Synergistic effects with imatinib. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1129202. [PMID: 36876044 PMCID: PMC9975599 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1129202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Calcium flux is the master second messenger that influences the proliferation-apoptosis balance. The ability of calcium flux alterations to reduce cell growth makes ion channels interesting targets for therapy. Among all, we focused on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, a ligand-gated cation channel with selectivity for calcium. Its involvement in hematological malignancies is poorly investigated, especially in the field of chronic myeloid leukemia, a malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature cells. Methods: FACS analysis, Western blot analysis, gene silencing, and cell viability assay were performed to investigate the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, by N-oleoyl-dopamine, in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. Results: We demonstrated that the triggering of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Its activation induced calcium influx, oxidative stress, ER stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and caspase activation. Interestingly, a synergistic effect exerted by N-oleoyl-dopamine and the standard drug imatinib was found. Conclusion: Overall, our results support that transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation could be a promising strategy to enhance conventional therapy and improve the management of chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Maggi F, Morelli MB, Tomassoni D, Marinelli O, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Nabissi M, Santoni G, Amantini C. The effects of cannabidiol via TRPV2 channel in chronic myeloid leukemia cells and its combination with imatinib. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:1235-1249. [PMID: 34971020 PMCID: PMC8990867 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by accumulation of immature cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Although successful results were obtained with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, several patients showed resistance. For this reason, the identification of new strategies and therapeutic biomarkers represents an attractive goal. The role of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels as possible drug targets has been elucidated in different types of cancer. Among natural compounds known to activate TRPs, cannabidiol (CBD) displays anticancer properties. By using FACS analysis, confocal microscopy, gene silencing, and cell growth assay, we demonstrated that CBD, through TRPV2, inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle in CML cells. It promoted mitochondria dysfunction and mitophagy as shown by mitochondrial mass reduction and up‐regulation of several mitophagy markers. These effects were associated with changes in the expression of octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 and PU.1 markers regulated during cellular differentiation. Interestingly, a synergistic effect by combining CBD with the standard drug imatinib was found and imatinib‐resistant cells remain susceptible to CBD effects. Therefore, the targeting of TRPV2 by using CBD, through the activation of mitophagy and the reduction in stemness, could be a promising strategy to enhance conventional therapy and improve the prognosis of CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Maggi F, Morelli MB, Nabissi M, Marinelli O, Zeppa L, Aguzzi C, Santoni G, Amantini C. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Haematological Malignancies: An Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050765. [PMID: 34065398 PMCID: PMC8160608 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are improving their importance in different cancers, becoming suitable as promising candidates for precision medicine. Their important contribution in calcium trafficking inside and outside cells is coming to light from many papers published so far. Encouraging results on the correlation between TRP and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in cancer patients are available, and there are as many promising data from in vitro studies. For what concerns haematological malignancy, the role of TRPs is still not elucidated, and data regarding TRP channel expression have demonstrated great variability throughout blood cancer so far. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the most recent findings on TRP channels in leukaemia and lymphoma, demonstrating their important contribution in the perspective of personalised therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Zeppa
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-0737403312
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Marinelli O, Annibali D, Morelli MB, Zeppa L, Tuyaerts S, Aguzzi C, Amantini C, Maggi F, Ferretti B, Santoni G, Amant F, Nabissi M. Biological Function of PD-L2 and Correlation With Overall Survival in Type II Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:538064. [PMID: 33194598 PMCID: PMC7656062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.538064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, upregulation of coinhibitory B7 ligands has been associated with immune evasion. So far, anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and anti-PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies have been used in immuno-oncology, with promising outcomes; however, it is still needed to identify other markers, especially for endometrial cancer (EC). EC is a gynecological malignancy historically classified into two types: type I, with mostly estrogen-dependent endometrioid diseases, and the most aggressive type II, including mainly estrogen-independent and non-endometrioid tumors. PD ligand-2 (PD-L2) is known as the second ligand of the PD-1 receptor and, upon its binding, contributes to T-cell exhaustion. Up to now, very few information are available about PD-L2 in cancers, and no data have been reported for EC. The aim of this work was to characterize the PD-L1 and PD-L2 ligand expression profile in EC cell lines, focusing the attention on the biological role of PD-L2 and its prognostic impact in human type II EC biopsies. Using in silico analysis of TCGA data, we performed a molecular profiling in a cohort of 506 patients, both types I and II, and PD-1 ligands expression was also analyzed in different primary human EC cell lines. Moreover, PD-L2 staining was evaluated in a cohort of human type II EC samples and correlated with the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and additional clinicopathological data. From the in silico analysis, PD-L2 was more expressed than PD-L1 in EC cell lines. PD-L2 was found highly expressed in 64.44% of tumor specimens, predominantly in the serous subtype, in both stromal and epithelial components, while in peritumoral and normal tissues it was predominantly moderate or low. In vitro, we investigated the cell autonomous role of PD-L2 in controlling cell survival, migration, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department and LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department and LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department and LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA) Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (AvL-NKI) and University Medical Centra (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Aguzzi C, Marinelli O, Zeppa L, Santoni G, Maggi F, Nabissi M. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities of Stimunex® and Stimunex D3® in human monocytes/macrophages stimulated with LPS or IL-4/IL-13. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110845. [PMID: 33080469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exert an important role in maintaining and/or ameliorating the inflammatory response. They are involved in the activation of an immune response to pathogens, with a balance between the immunomodulatory role and tissue integrity maintenance, however, excessive macrophage activity promotes tissue injury and chronic disease pathogenesis. There is a high interest in evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of new botanical preparations. Stimunex® and Stimunex D3® are two food supplements formulated as syrups, containing the extract of elderflower (Sambucus nigra, Caprifoliaceae), standardized in polyphenol (6%) and anthocyanins (4%), associated with wellmune WGP® β-glucan, with the addiction of vitamin D3 (in Stimunex D3® formulation). The aim of the work was the evaluation of Stimunex® and Stimunex D3® activity in human polarized-macrophages, in order to support their use as supplement for preventing and reducing the inflammatory processes. In primary human stimulated macrophages, both syrups were able to revert LPS- and IL-4/IL-13-mediated response, reducing the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results support that these standardized botanical preparations fortified with β-glucan, may have a potential use in the prevention and coadjuvant management of inflammatory process as respiratory recurrent infections and other similar conditions. Moreover, the addition of vitamin D3 revealed to be an advantage in Stimunex D3® for its important role in maintaining and enhancing the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy; Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Marinelli O, Morelli MB, Annibali D, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Tuyaerts S, Amantini C, Amant F, Ferretti B, Maggi F, Santoni G, Nabissi M. The Effects of Cannabidiol and Prognostic Role of TRPV2 in Human Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155409. [PMID: 32751388 PMCID: PMC7432565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies support, both in vitro and in vivo, the anti-cancer effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ligand. TRPV2, often dysregulated in tumors, is associated with altered cell proliferation and aggressiveness. Endometrial cancer (EC) is historically divided in type I endometrioid EC and type II non-endometrioid EC, associated with poor prognosis. Treatment options with chemotherapy and combinations with radiation showed only limited efficacy. Since no data are reported concerning TRPV2 expression as well as CBD potential effects in EC, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TRPV2 in biopsies and cell lines as well as the effects of CBD in in vitro models. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cell viability, migration, and chemo-resistance have been evaluated. Results show that TRPV2 expression increased with the malignancy of the cancer tissue and correlated with shorter PFS (p = 0.0224). Moreover, in vitro TRPV2 over-expression in Ishikawa cell line increased migratory ability and response to cisplatin. CBD reduced cell viability, activating predominantly apoptosis in type I cells and autophagy in mixed type EC cells. The CBD improved chemotherapeutic drugs cytotoxic effects, enhanced by TRPV2 over-expression. Hence, TRPV2 could be considered as a marker for optimizing the therapy and CBD might be a useful therapeutic option as adjuvant therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Cannabidiol/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/diagnosis
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Drug Synergism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Endometrial Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Progression-Free Survival
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- TRPV Cation Channels/antagonists & inhibitors
- TRPV Cation Channels/genetics
- TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (O.M.); (M.B.M.); (C.A.); (L.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (O.M.); (M.B.M.); (C.A.); (L.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Gynecological Oncology Department LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute KU, Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.A.); (S.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (O.M.); (M.B.M.); (C.A.); (L.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (O.M.); (M.B.M.); (C.A.); (L.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Gynecological Oncology Department LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute KU, Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.A.); (S.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy;
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Gynecological Oncology Department LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute KU, Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.A.); (S.T.); (F.A.)
- Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (AvL-NKI), University Medical Centra (UMC), 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Ferretti
- Oncologia Medica, Ospedale di San Severino, 62027 San Severino Marche (MC), Italy;
| | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00155 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (O.M.); (M.B.M.); (C.A.); (L.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; (O.M.); (M.B.M.); (C.A.); (L.Z.); (G.S.)
- Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0737-403306
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10
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Benelli G, Pavela R, Cianfaglione K, Sender J, Danuta U, Maślanko W, Canale A, Barboni L, Petrelli R, Zeppa L, Aguzzi C, Maggi F. Ascaridole-rich essential oil from marsh rosemary (Ledum palustre) growing in Poland exerts insecticidal activity on mosquitoes, moths and flies without serious effects on non-target organisms and human cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111184. [PMID: 32061727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Marsh rosemary (Ledum palustre, Ericaceae) has been widely used in the traditional medicine of various regions worldwide, and as insect repellent. Little is known on its essential oil insecticidal potential. This study explored the insecticidal effects of the essential oil obtained from L. palustre growing in Poland on selected insect pests and vectors. GC-MS analysis evidenced an uncommon chemotype characterized by ascaridole (35.3% as sum of cis-ascaridole and isoascaridole) and p-cymene (25.5%). The essential oil was effective against Culex quinquefasciatus, Spodoptera littoralis and Musca domestica, showing LC50/LD50 of 66.6 mg L-1, 117.2 μg larva-1 and 61.4 μg adult-1, respectively. It was not toxic to non-target Eisenia fetida earthworms and moderately toxic to Daphnia magna microcrustaceans, over the positive control α-cypermethrin. The essential oil cytotoxicity on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed high IC50 values (71.3 and 84.4 μg mL-1, respectively). Comet assay data highlighted no DNA damages. Based on our findings, this essential oil, characterized by the ascaridole/p-cymene chemotype, could be a candidate for the formulation of botanical insecticides; large-scale production of green insecticides by this rare species may be assured by ex situ cultivation and biotechnological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin Cianfaglione
- EA 2219 Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200, Brest, France; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Pontoni, 5 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Joanna Sender
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urban Danuta
- Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, Department of Natural Foundations of Forestry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Maślanko
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 Street, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Barboni
- School of Sciences and Technology, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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11
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Marinelli O, Annibali D, Aguzzi C, Tuyaerts S, Amant F, Morelli MB, Santoni G, Amantini C, Maggi F, Nabissi M. The Controversial Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1073. [PMID: 31681606 PMCID: PMC6803534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1, CD279) receptor with its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274, B7-H1), and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2, CD273, B7-DC), are the key players of one of the immune checkpoint pathways inhibiting T-cell activation. PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in different cancer cells and their microenvironment, including infiltrating immune cells. However, their prognostic value is still debated and their role in the tumor microenvironment has not been fully elucidated yet. Considering the importance that cancer immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies gained in several tumor types, in this review article we aim to discuss the role of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 axis in gynecological cancers. PD-1 ligands have been detected in ovarian, cervical, vulvar and uterine cancers, and correlation with prognosis seems dependent from their distribution. About PD-L2, very few reports are available so far in gynecological malignancies, and its role is still not completely understood. Clinical trials using anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies, but not anti-PD-L2, are currently ongoing, in all types of gynecological cancers. They have shown good safety profiles in a certain cohort of patients, but response rates remain low and many aspects remain controversial. In this review, we propose possible solutions to enhance the clinical efficacy of PD-1 axis targeting therapies. Regarding PD-L2, it might be useful to better clarify its role in order to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy in female malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Gynecological Oncology, Oncology Department, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (AvL-NKI), University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Carazo E, Borrego-Sánchez A, García-Villén F, Sánchez-Espejo R, Cerezo P, Aguzzi C, Viseras C. Advanced Inorganic Nanosystems for Skin Drug Delivery. CHEM REC 2018; 18:891-899. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Carazo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada Spain
| | - A. Borrego-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences; CSIC-University of Granada; Avda. de Las Palmeras 4 18100 Armilla (Granada) Spain
| | - F. García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada Spain
| | - R. Sánchez-Espejo
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences; CSIC-University of Granada; Avda. de Las Palmeras 4 18100 Armilla (Granada) Spain
| | - P. Cerezo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada Spain
| | - C. Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada Spain
| | - C. Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences; CSIC-University of Granada; Avda. de Las Palmeras 4 18100 Armilla (Granada) Spain
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13
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Carazo E, Borrego-Sánchez A, García-Villén F, Sánchez-Espejo R, Aguzzi C, Viseras C, Sainz-Díaz CI, Cerezo P. Assessment of halloysite nanotubes as vehicles of isoniazid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:337-344. [PMID: 28957775 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Equilibrium and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption of isoniazid (INH) onto halloysite nanotubes (HLNTs) and characteristics of the resultant drug/nanocarrier systems are investigated. Equilibrium studies were performed in aqueous medium at different times, temperatures and drug concentrations. The overall adsorption process was explained as the result of two simple processes: adsorption on the activated sites of HLNTs and precipitation of INH on HLNTs surface. Formation of the INH-loaded HLNTs was spontaneous, endothermic and endoentropic, increasing the thermodynamic stability of the system (ΔH=70.40kJ/mol; ΔS=0.2519kJ/molK). Solid state characterization corroborated the effective interaction between the components that was also described by modeling at molecular level by quantum mechanics calculations along with empirical interatomic potentials. Transmission electron microphotographs confirmed the double allocation and homogeneous distribution of INH in the nanohybrids. FTIR spectra revealed the interaction via hydrogen bonds between the inner hydroxyl groups of HLNTs and N in INH molecules. Loading of INH in the nanohybrids was approximately 20% w/w. Effective loading of INH and activation energies of the interactions enable to propose the designed nanohybrids in the development of modified drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carazo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Borrego-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Avda. de Las Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla (Granada), Spain
| | - F García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - R Sánchez-Espejo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Avda. de Las Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla (Granada), Spain.
| | - C I Sainz-Díaz
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Avda. de Las Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla (Granada), Spain
| | - P Cerezo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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15
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Aguzzi C, Viseras C, Cerezo P, Salcedo I, Sánchez-Espejo R, Valenzuela C. Release kinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid from halloysite. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 105:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Aguzzi C, Ortega A, Bonferoni M, Sandri G, Cerezo P, Salcedo I, Sánchez R, Viseras C, Caramella C. Assessement of anti-inflammatory properties of microspheres prepared with chitosan and 5-amino salicylic acid over inflamed Caco-2 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Borchiellini A, Bicocchi MP, Aguzzi C, Valpreda A, Valeri F, Beggiato E, Acquila M, Schinco PC. A novel point mutation in severe haemophilia A: a further proof of genotype-phenotype correlation. Haemophilia 2009; 16:554-5. [PMID: 20015216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Bonferoni MC, Sandri G, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Caramella C, Aguzzi C, Viseras C. Polyelectrolyte–Drug Complexes of Lambda Carrageenan and Basic Drugs: Relevance of Particle Size and Moisture Content on Compaction and Drug Release Behavior. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:1188-95. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040801974337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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