1
|
Hegde S, Deb A, Almudarris BA, Chitumalla R, Jaiswal S, R S, Nadiger RK, Anehosur GV. Stress Distribution on Prepared Tooth With Shoulder and Radial Shoulder Margin to Receive Crowns of Three Different Materials: A Finite Element Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e55538. [PMID: 38576681 PMCID: PMC10993099 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim and background This study aims to determine the stress distribution on the prepared tooth at the margins with shoulder and radial shoulder finish lines when an occlusal load of 300N was applied to ceramic, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) crowns. Materials and methods Six models of mandibular first molar teeth were fabricated. The tooth models were subdivided into two groups with shoulder and radial shoulder margins, respectively (n = 18). The teeth were restored with three different prosthetic crown materials (ceramic, zirconia, and PEEK). To simulate the typical forces experienced by a prosthetic crown material in a lower posterior tooth during chewing and biting, an occlusal load of 300N was applied to each of the samples, and the maximum principal stress (Pmax) and von Mises stress were calculated, respectively. These samples were then compared and evaluated to determine the material best suited as a prosthetic crown material of choice for a lower posterior tooth. Results Among the materials used, the maximum principal stress value was the least in PEEK crowns. The von Mises stress value was highest for the zirconia crown with shoulder margin and was least for the PEEK crown with a similar margin. Conclusion PEEK as a crown material was found to be a better choice for lower posterior teeth as there was the least maximum principal stress at the margin, irrespective of either shoulder or radial shoulder finish line used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipha Hegde
- Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, IND
| | - Anamika Deb
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Bhabha College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Ban A Almudarris
- Restorative and Prosthodontic Unit, College of Dentistry, City University Ajman, Ajman, ARE
| | - Rajkiran Chitumalla
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Shashank Jaiswal
- Orthodontics, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Shikshan Sanstha (CSMSS) Dental College & Hospital, Aurangabad, IND
| | - Satheesh R
- Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ramesh K Nadiger
- Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, IND
| | - Gouri V Anehosur
- Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parate KP, Naranje N, Vishnani R, Paul P. Polyetheretherketone Material in Dentistry. Cureus 2023; 15:e46485. [PMID: 37927628 PMCID: PMC10624419 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyaromatic nearly-crystalline thermoplastic polymer, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), has become a useful biomaterial and its use has increased in dentistry because of its properties. PEEK is scientifically approved and is among the safest material used to restore lost orofacial tissues at present. PEEK has a property of high biocompatibility, therefore there is increased utilization of PEEK in orthopaedic and trauma cases. PEEK has several excellent properties due to which it has been used in several fields of dentistry such as orthodontic wires, implants, removable dentures, fixed partial dentures, finger prostheses, temporary abutments, implant-supported provisional crowns, healing caps, maxillofacial prostheses, etc. Due to its modification, PEEK material is used more frequently in clinical dentistry. PEEK can be used as a material that is not traditional in the realm of dental care. Modification of PEEK has led to an increase in its use in the field of dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitija P Parate
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Naleen Naranje
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rozina Vishnani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tushar, Rani P, Ananya, Kumar S, Prakash J, B JM. Evaluation of Impact Strength and Flexural Strength of Polyether Ether Ketone vs. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Materials: An In-Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e47929. [PMID: 38046488 PMCID: PMC10689121 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to comparatively assess the impact strength and flexural strength of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) vs. computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. METHODS A total of 90 samples were fabricated with traditional heat cure PMMA, PEEK, and CAD/CAM PMMA and divided into three groups of 30 samples each. The impact strength of all the samples was measured using an Izod impact tester with a pendulum in the air at 23±2°C. A three-point bending test was used in a Universal Testing Machine to assess the flexural strength of all the samples. The impact strength and flexural strength mean values were computed using a one-way ANOVA test. RESULT Impact strength and flexural strength of PEEK (IS=10.22±1.25 kJ/m2 and FS=120±8.0 MPa) is almost identical to CAD/CAM PMMA sample (IS=9.595±3.313 kJ/m2 and FS=118.11±5.00 MPa) whereas for conventional heat cure PMMA (IS=4.00±.011 kJ/m2 and FS=75.4±4.50 MPa) the values are least among the three. CONCLUSION PEEK or CAD/CAM PMMA share almost identical and superior mechanical properties, and both can be used as better alternatives for complete denture fabrication rather than using conventional heat cure PMMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar
- Prosthodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Priya Rani
- Prosthodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Ananya
- Prosthodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Surender Kumar
- Prosthodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | | | - Jayaprakash M B
- Prosthodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rupawat D, Nallaswamy D, Somasundaram J, Ganapathy D, S N, Sekaran S. An Invitro Chewing Simulation Study Comparing the Wear Resistance Behavior of Polyetheretherketone-Layered Composite Crown and Ceramic-Layered Zirconia Crown. Cureus 2023; 15:e46439. [PMID: 37927753 PMCID: PMC10622335 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the wear resistance and color stability of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using two different materials: zirconia veneered with feldspathic porcelain and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) veneered with indirect composite. The assessment included samples subjected to thermocycling and wear simulation. METHODS Two groups of FDPs were examined: one made of zirconia veneered with feldspathic porcelain (control and thermocycled) and the other made of PEEK veneered with indirect composite (worn and thermocycled). The samples were evaluated for wear resistance, antagonist wear, and color stability. Computer-aided design (CAD) software and a digital spectrophotometer were used for analysis. RESULTS Zirconia veneered with porcelain demonstrated higher wear resistance compared to PEEK veneered with indirect composite. PEEK veneered with indirect composite exhibited significantly lower antagonist wear, indicating a protective effect on opposing teeth. There was no significant difference in color stability between the two groups, even after subjecting them to thermocycling and wear simulation. CONCLUSION The study concludes that FDPs fabricated with PEEK veneered with indirect composite may have lower wear resistance compared to zirconia veneered with porcelain. However, PEEK FDPs appear to be safer for antagonists due to reduced antagonist wear. Importantly, both materials exhibited similar color stability, making PEEK a viable alternative for FDPs when aesthetic appeal and antagonist protection are primary considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rupawat
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Denal College and Hospitals, Chennai, IND
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Neeharika S
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Univerity, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moharil S, Reche A, Durge K. Polyetheretherketone ( PEEK) as a Biomaterial: An Overview. Cureus 2023; 15:e44307. [PMID: 37779776 PMCID: PMC10536400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a very powerful biomaterial that is increasingly used in dentistry. It has superior properties, which make it desirable in implantology. The applications of PEEK include finger prosthesis, RPD and FPD framework, and dental implants. Changes in the production of polyketone-based materials have been made to ensure consistent production of polymers for medical applications. PEEK is a high-performance semicrystalline material that has physical properties such as high resilience and strength. It is a tooth-colored material, making it desirable for its aesthetic appearance. Traditional manufacturing methods like injection molding, extrusion, and compression molding are used for PEEK. Despite the high price of the polymer, the additional value that PEEK materials bring by offering the possibility of manufacturing parts include lightweight, strength or toughness and able to survive longer in harsh environments. PEEK has trauma or shock cancelling abilities, fracture resisting abilities, stress distributing ability, osseointegrating abilities, With such great qualities PEEK has an increased demand in the market, and this biomaterial never failes to surprise with its amazing success rate. Even in dentistry PEEK has a wide range of applications which includes, as a dental implants biomaterial, prosthetic material, abutment material, post and core material, crowns, removable partial denture framework. With such a huge range of applications PEEK is said to have been providing an all in one package for dentistry. PEEK biomaterial shows great compatibility with bioactive materials which has proven to be of great help to mankind as not only it is involved in life sciences but also in automotives and aerodynamics as well. The main motto of this review is to know the qualities and the properties of PEEK as a capable implant prosthesis for its application focusing on dental implants. This review tells us about the challenges faced when using this material and benefits and advantages of this biomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Moharil
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Khushboo Durge
- Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv ZT, Xu Y, Cao B, Dai J, Zhang SY, Huang JM, Liang S, Jiang FX. Titanium-coated PEEK Versus Uncoated PEEK Cages in Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:198-209. [PMID: 35994033 PMCID: PMC10231928 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to compare the fusion and subsidence rate of titanium-coated polyetheretherketone (Ti-PEEK) versus polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages after lumbar fusion and to investigate the clinical effect on patient-reported outcomes (PROMs). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Ti-PEEK cages have been developed to combine the advantages of both titanium alloy and PEEK, but whether they are superior to uncoated PEEK cages in bone fusion is still inconclusive. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CNKI were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of Ti-PEEK and PEEK cages in lumbar fusion. Difference in fusion rate and subsidence rate was indicated by risk ratio and its associated 95% confidence interval (95% confidence interval). Mean difference was calculated for Oswestry Disability Index and visual analogue scale for low back pain. Subgroup analysis was performed by time course after the surgery. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials involving 325 patients (160 patients in Ti-PEEK group and 165 patients in PEEK group) that underwent lumbar fusion were included by our current study. Low to moderate evidence suggested that Ti-PEEK and PEEK cages exhibited equivalent fusion rate and subsidence rate at any follow-up time. Low to moderate evidence suggested that there was no difference in PROMs except for visual analogue scale measured at 6 months (mean difference: -0.57, 95% confidence interval -0.94, -0.21; P =0.002) but the difference was not clinically relevant according to the minimal clinically important difference. CONCLUSION Low to moderate evidence showed that Ti-PEEK and PEEK had equivalent effect in bone fusion and cages subsidence at any follow-up time after lumbar fusion surgeries. Low to moderate evidence showed no clinically important difference in PROMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Bin Cao
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Si-yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Jun-ming Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Feng-xian Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen C, Yin Y, Xu H, Li Z, Wang F, Chen G. Personalized three-dimensional printed polyether-ether-ketone prosthesis for reconstruction after subtotal removal of chronic clavicle osteomyelitis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25703. [PMID: 33907152 PMCID: PMC8083998 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Three-dimensional (3D) printing has attracted wide attention for its potential and abilities in the assistance of surgical planning and the development of personalized prostheses. We herewith report a unique case of chronic clavicle osteomyelitis treated with a two-stage subtotal clavicle reconstruction using a 3D printed polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) prosthesis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 23-year-old Chinese female presented to our clinic complaining about a progressive pain of her right clavicle for about 1 year. DIAGNOSES Chronic clavicle osteomyelitis confirmed by percutaneous biopsy and lesion biopsy. INTERVENTIONS This patient accepted a long-term conservative treatment, which did not gain satisfactory outcomes. Thus, a subtotal removal and two-stage reconstruction of the right clavicle with a 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone prosthesis stabilized by screw fixation system was performed. OUTCOMES At 2-year follow-up, complete pain relief and satisfactory functional recovery of her right shoulder were observed. LESSONS Personalized 3D printed prosthesis is an effective and feasible method for reconstruction of complex bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Sichuan Province Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province
| | - Yiran Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Sichuan Province Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Sichuan Province Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Sichuan Province Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province
| | - Fuyou Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Sichuan Province Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
French KEM, Gormley M, Kana A, Deacon S, Revington PJ. Outcomes and complications associated with malar onlays: literature review and case series of 119 implants. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:1110-5. [PMID: 32586690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alloplastic malar onlays have been used by surgeons to correct or enhance the midfacial skeleton for over 40 years. Case series have shown respectable results using different alloplastic materials in various maxillofacial subsites. However, these articles include small numbers of patients with limited follow up. We present a literature review specifically concentrating on porous polyethylene (Medpor, Stryker) and polyethyl ether ketone (PEEK) malar onlays. We illustrate the technique used by a single oral and maxillofacial surgeon for placement of 119 implants in 61 patients over a 14-year period, and show the results of this work with long-term follow up. A complication rate of 2.5% in this cohort was reported, with follow up of three years, demonstrating that this technique for midfacial correction is successful in both the short and the long term.
Collapse
|
9
|
Olivares-Navarrete R, Hyzy SL, Slosar PJ, Schneider JM, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Implant materials generate different peri-implant inflammatory factors: poly-ether-ether-ketone promotes fibrosis and microtextured titanium promotes osteogenic factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015; 40:399-404. [PMID: 25584952 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An in vitro study examining factors produced by human mesenchymal stem cells on spine implant materials. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether the inflammatory microenvironment generated by cells on titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-alloy, TiAlV) surfaces is affected by surface microtexture and whether it differs from that generated on poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Histologically, implants fabricated from PEEK have a fibrous connective tissue surface interface whereas Ti-alloy implants demonstrate close approximation with surrounding bone. Ti-alloy surfaces with complex micron/submicron scale roughness promote osteoblastic differentiation and foster a specific cellular environment that favors bone formation whereas PEEK favors fibrous tissue formation. METHODS Human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene, PEEK, smooth TiAlV, or macro-/micro-/nano-textured rough TiAlV (mmnTiAlV) disks. Osteoblastic differentiation and secreted inflammatory interleukins were assessed after 7 days. Fold changes in mRNAs for inflammation, necrosis, DNA damage, or apoptosis with respect to tissue culture polystyrene were measured by low-density polymerase chain reaction array. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni's correction of Student's t-test. RESULTS Cells on PEEK upregulated mRNAs for chemokine ligand-2, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, IL8, and tumor necrosis factor. Cells grown on the mmnTiAlV had an 8-fold reduction in mRNAs for toll-like receptor-4. Cells grown on mmnTiAlV had reduced levels of proinflammatory interleukins. Cells on PEEK had higher mRNAs for factors strongly associated with cell death/apoptosis, whereas cells on mmnTiAlV exhibited reduced cytokine factor levels. All results were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that fibrous tissue around PEEK implants may be due to several factors: reduced osteoblastic differentiation of progenitor cells and production of an inflammatory environment that favors cell death via apoptosis and necrosis. Ti alloy surfaces with complex macro/micro/nanoscale roughness promote osteoblastic differentiation and foster a specific cellular environment that favors bone formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Collapse
|
10
|
Olivares-Navarrete R, Gittens RA, Schneider JM, Hyzy SL, Haithcock DA, Ullrich PF, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Osteoblasts exhibit a more differentiated phenotype and increased bone morphogenetic protein production on titanium alloy substrates than on poly-ether-ether-ketone. Spine J 2012; 12:265-72. [PMID: 22424980 PMCID: PMC3618467 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Multiple biomaterials are clinically available to spine surgeons for performing interbody fusion. Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is used frequently for lumbar spine interbody fusion, but alternative materials are also used, including titanium (Ti) alloys. Previously, we showed that osteoblasts exhibit a more differentiated phenotype when grown on machined or grit-blasted titanium aluminum vanadium (Ti6Al4V) alloys with micron-scale roughened surfaces than when grown on smoother Ti6Al4V surfaces or on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). We hypothesized that osteoblasts cultured on rough Ti alloy substrates would present a more mature osteoblast phenotype than cells cultured on PEEK, suggesting that textured Ti6Al4V implants may provide a more osteogenic surface for interbody fusion devices. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare osteoblast response to smooth Ti6Al4V (sTiAlV) and roughened Ti6Al4V (rTiAlV) with their response to PEEK with respect to differentiation and production of factors associated with osteogenesis. STUDY DESIGN This in vitro study compared the phenotype of human MG63 osteoblast-like cells cultured on PEEK, sTiAlV, or rTiAlV surfaces and their production of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). METHODS Surface properties of PEEK, sTiAlV, and rTiAlV discs were determined. Human MG63 cells were grown on TCPS and the discs. Confluent cultures were harvested, and cell number, alkaline phosphatase-specific activity, and osteocalcin were measured as indicators of osteoblast maturation. Expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for BMP2 and BMP4 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7 proteins were also measured in the conditioned media of the cell cultures. RESULTS Although roughness measurements for sTiAlV (S(a)=0.09±0.01), PEEK (S(a)=0.43±0.07), and rTiAlV (S(a)=1.81±0.51) varied, substrates had similar contact angles, indicating comparable wettability. Cell morphology differed depending on the surface. Cells cultured on Ti6Al4V had lower cell number and increased alkaline phosphatase specific activity, osteocalcin, BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7 levels in comparison to PEEK. In particular, roughness significantly increased the mRNA levels of BMP2 and BMP4 and secreted levels of BMP4. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that rTiAlV substrates increase osteoblast maturation and produce an osteogenic environment that contains BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7. The results show that modifying surface structure is sufficient to create an osteogenic environment without addition of exogenous factors, which may induce better and faster bone during interbody fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Rolando A. Gittens
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 711 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Sharon L. Hyzy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA,School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - David A. Haithcock
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Peter F. Ullrich
- NeuroSpine Center of Wisconsin, 5320 West Michaels Drive, Appleton, WI 54913, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA,Corresponding author. Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA. Tel.: (404) 385-4108; fax: (404) 894-2291
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Since the 1980s, polyaryletherketones (PAEKs) have been increasingly employed as biomaterials for trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants. We have synthesized the extensive polymer science literature as it relates to structure, mechanical properties, and chemical resistance of PAEK biomaterials. With this foundation, one can more readily appreciate why this family of polymers will be inherently strong, inert, and biocompatible. Due to its relative inertness, PEEK biomaterials are an attractive platform upon which to develop novel bioactive materials, and some steps have already been taken in that direction, with the blending of HA and TCP into sintered PEEK. However, to date, blended HA-PEEK composites have involved a trade-off in mechanical properties in exchange for their increased bioactivity. PEEK has had the greatest clinical impact in the field of spine implant design, and PEEK is now broadly accepted as a radiolucent alternative to metallic biomaterials in the spine community. For mature fields, such as total joint replacements and fracture fixation implants, radiolucency is an attractive but not necessarily critical material feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Kurtz
- Exponent, Inc., 3401 Market Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|