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Li Y, Li J, Qi W, Jiao S, Ling H, Sohail K, Li X, Zhang X. 2,2'-Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenon as Bifunctional Additives for Passivated Defects and Improved Photostability of Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:36602-36610. [PMID: 35921483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly in the past decade, but their commercial applications are restricted by further improvement in their photovoltaic performance and stability. Herein, we propose a facile and effective method employing 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenon (BP6) as bifunctional additive to construct efficient and photostable PSCs. BP6, as an additive, improves the crystallization quality of perovskite absorbers and further inhibits defect-mediated non-radiative recombination through interaction between the C═O group and defects; as a UV absorber, BP6 protects the PSCs from UV degradation by effectively absorbing UV light through molecular tautomerism under continuous strong UV irradiation. Eventually, the champion PSC demonstrates an efficiency of 22.85% with enhanced UV stability after addition of 0.024 wt % BP6. These results reveal that addition of UV absorbers (such as BP6 in this study) is a simple and effective strategy to fabricate efficient and photostable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sumin Jiao
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Hao Ling
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Khumal Sohail
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MoE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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2
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Chi K, Xu H, Feng B, Meng X, Yu D, Li Q. Controlled Growth of Porous InBr 3: PbBr 2 Film for Preparation of CsPbBr 3 in Carbon-Based Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11092408. [PMID: 34578724 PMCID: PMC8465094 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to the low solubility of CsBr in organic solvents, the CsPbBr3 film prepared by the multi-step method has holes and insufficient thickness, and the light absorption capacity and current density of the perovskite film hinder the further improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbBr3 solar cells. In this study, we introduced InBr3 into the PbBr2 precursor solution and adjusted the concentration of PbBr2, successfully prepared PbBr2 with a porous structure on the compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) substrate to ensure that it fully reacted with CsBr, and obtained the planar carbon-based CsPbBr3 solar cells with high-quality perovskite film. The results reveal that the porous PbBr2 structure and the increasing PbBr2 concentration are beneficial to increase the thickness of the CsPbBr3 films, optimize the surface morphology, and significantly enhance the light absorption capacity. Finally, the PCE of the CsPbBr3 solar cells obtained after conditions optimization was 5.76%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Chi
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (H.X.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (Q.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-0432-64806674 (K.C.); +86-010-82543763 (Q.L.)
| | - Hansi Xu
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (H.X.); (D.Y.)
| | - Bingtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.F.); (X.M.)
| | - Xianwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.F.); (X.M.)
| | - Daoyu Yu
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (H.X.); (D.Y.)
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (Q.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-0432-64806674 (K.C.); +86-010-82543763 (Q.L.)
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3
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Li W, Wang D, Hou W, Li R, Sun W, Wu J, Lan Z. High-Efficiency, Low-Hysteresis Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Inserting the NaBr Interlayer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:20251-20259. [PMID: 33902287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With great research potential, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been well developed in recent years, but there are still some urgent issues like efficiency and hysteresis defects that severely limit their commercialization. Interface modification is a significant measure to reduce defects and promote performance. In the article, an easy and effective strategy of modifying the electron transport layer (ETL) with NaBr is proposed to improve efficiency and reduce hysteresis. The charge carrier dynamics can be greatly optimized by diffusing NaBr on the ETL. The efficiency of the NaBr coated device can achieve 21.16%, which is extremely higher than the control one and shows low hysteresis behavior with a hysteresis index reduced from 0.135 to 0.025. The results indicate that the NaBr modification provides a novel strategy for preparing PSCs with high efficiency and low hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Deng Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Weizhi Hou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Ruoshui Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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Zhao W, Shi J, Tian C, Wu J, Li H, Li Y, Yu B, Luo Y, Wu H, Xie Z, Wang C, Duan D, Li D, Meng Q. CdS Induced Passivation toward High Efficiency and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:9771-9780. [PMID: 33615775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells, the halide vacancy defects on the perovskite film surface/interface will instigate charge recombination, leading to a decrease in cell performance. In this study, cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been introduced into the precursor solution to reduce the halide vacancy defects and improve the cell performance. The highest efficiency of the device reaches 21.62%. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the incorporated Cd2+ ions can partially replace Pb2+ ions, thus forming a strong Cd-I bond and effectively reducing iodide vacancy defects (VI); at the same time, the loss of the charge recombination is significantly reduced because VI is filled by S2- ions. Besides, the substitution of Cd2+ for Pb2+ could increase the generation of PbI2, which can further passivate the grain boundary. Therefore, the stability of the cells, together with the efficiency of the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), is also improved, maintaining 87.5% of its initial PCEs after being irradiated over 410 h. This work provides a very effective strategy to passivate the surface/interface defects of perovskite films for more efficient and stable optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Jiangjian Shi
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Chuanjin Tian
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Jionghua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongshi Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bingcheng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Huijue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhipeng Xie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Changan Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Defang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Qingbo Meng
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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5
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Li S, Qin F, Peng Q, Liu S, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Liu C, Li D, Liu J, Qi J, Hu Y, Rong Y, Mei A, Han H. van der Waals Mixed Valence Tin Oxides for Perovskite Solar Cells as UV-Stable Electron Transport Materials. Nano Lett 2020; 20:8178-8184. [PMID: 33125246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stable electron transport materials (ETMs) with fewer surface defects and proper energy level alignments with halide perovskite active layers are required for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with long-term durability. Here, two-dimensional van der Waals mixed valence tin oxides Sn2O3 and Sn3O4 are controllably synthesized and applied as ETMs for planar PSCs. The synthesized Sn2O3 and Sn3O4 have size of 5-20 nm and disperse well in water as stable colloids for months. Both Sn2O3 and Sn3O4 exhibit typical n-type semiconductor energy band structures, low trap density, and suitable energy level alignments with halide perovskites. Steady-state power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 22.36% and 21.83% are obtained for Sn2O3-based and Sn3O4-based planar PSCs. In addition, the half cells without hole transport materials and back electrodes show good UV-stability with average PCE of 99.0% and 95.7% for Sn2O3-based and Sn3O4-based devices remaining after 1000 h of ultraviolet soaking with an intensity of 70 mW cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Fei Qin
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qi Peng
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Deyi Zhang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Daiyu Li
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jianhang Qi
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yaoguang Rong
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Anyi Mei
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
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Wang D, Li W, Du Z, Li G, Sun W, Wu J, Lan Z. Highly Efficient CsPbBr 3 Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via Additive Engineering with NH 4SCN. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:10579-10587. [PMID: 32048823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving stability is a major aspect for commercial application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite material has been proven to have excellent stability. However, the CsPbBr3 film has a small range of light absorption and serious charge recombination at the interface or inside the device, so the power conversion efficiency is still lower than that of the organic-inorganic hybrid one. Here, we successfully fabricate high-quality CsPbBr3 films via additive engineering with NH4SCN. By incorporating NH4+ and pseudo-halide ion SCN- into the precursor solution, a smooth and dense CsPbBr3 film with good crystallinity and low trap state density can be obtained. At the same time, the results of a series of photoluminescence and electrochemical analyses including electrical impedance spectroscopy, space-charge limited current method, Mott-Schottky data, and so on reveal that the NH4SCN additive can greatly reduce the trap state density of the CsPbBr3 film and also effectively inhibit interface recombination and promote charge transport in the CsPbBr3 planar PSC. Finally, the CsPbBr3 planar PSC prepared with a molar ratio of 1.5% NH4SCN achieves a champion efficiency of 8.47%, higher than that of the pure one (7.12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Du
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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7
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Hui W, Yang Y, Xu Q, Gu H, Feng S, Su Z, Zhang M, Wang J, Li X, Fang J, Xia F, Xia Y, Chen Y, Gao X, Huang W. Red-Carbon-Quantum-Dot-Doped SnO 2 Composite with Enhanced Electron Mobility for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1906374. [PMID: 31799762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electron transport layer (ETL) plays a key role in promoting carrier separation and electron extraction in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An effective composite ETL is fabricated using carboxylic-acid- and hydroxyl-rich red-carbon quantum dots (RCQs) to dope low-temperature solution-processed SnO2 , which dramatically increases its electron mobility by ≈20 times from 9.32 × 10-4 to 1.73 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The mobility achieved is one of the highest reported electron mobilities for modified SnO2 . Fabricated planar PSCs based on this novel SnO2 ETL demonstrate an outstanding improvement in efficiency from 19.15% for PSCs without RCQs up to 22.77% and have enhanced long-term stability against humidity, preserving over 95% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h under 40-60% humidity at 25 °C. These significant achievements are solely attributed to the excellent electron mobility of the novel ETL, which is also proven to help the passivation of traps/defects at the ETL/perovskite interface and to promote the formation of highly crystallized perovskite, with an enhanced phase purity and uniformity over a large area. These results demonstrate that inexpensive RCQs are simple but excellent additives for producing efficient ETLs in stable high-performance PSCs as well as other perovskite-based optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hui
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shanglei Feng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Ministry of Education, Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Ministry of Education, Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yingdong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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8
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Yu S, Yan Y, Abdellah M, Pullerits T, Zheng K, Liang Z. Nonconfinement Structure Revealed in Dion-Jacobson Type Quasi-2D Perovskite Expedites Interlayer Charge Transport. Small 2019; 15:e1905081. [PMID: 31639286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dion-Jacobson (DJ) type 2D perovskites with a single organic cation layer exhibit a narrower distance between two adjacent inorganic layers compared to the corresponding Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, which facilitates interlayer charge transport. However, the internal crystal structures in 2D DJ perovskites remain elusive. Herein, in a p-xylylenediamine (PDMA)-based DJ perovskite bearing bifunctional NH3 + spacer, the compression from confinement structure (inorganic layer number, n = 1, 2) to nonconfinement structure (n > 3) with the decrease of PDMA molar ratio is unraveled. Remarkably, the nonconfined perovskite displays shorter spacing between 2D quantum wells, which results in a lower exciton binding energy and hence promotes exciton dissociation. The significantly diminishing quantum confinement promotes interlayer charge transport leading to a maximum photovoltaic efficiency of ≈11%. Additionally, the tighter interlayer packing arising from the squeezing of inorganic octahedra gives rise to enhanced ambient stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yajie Yan
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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9
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Reinoso MÁ, Otálora CA, Gordillo G. Improvement Properties of Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin Films Prepared by Sequential Evaporation for Planar Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12091394. [PMID: 31035675 PMCID: PMC6539590 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of CH3NH3PbI3 and (NH2)2CHPbI3 (from now on abbreviated as MAPI and FAPI respectively), with perovskite structure were prepared by sequential evaporation of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) or formamidinium iodide (FAI), with special emphasis on the optimization of its optical, morphologic, and structural properties. For this, the evaporation process was automatically controlled with a system developed using virtual instrumentation (VI) that allows electronic control of both evaporation sources temperature and precursors deposition rates, using proportional integral derivative (PID) and pulse width modulation (PWM) control algorithms developed with the LabView software. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), information was obtained regarding the phase and crystalline structure of the studied samples as well as the effect of the main deposition parameters on crystallite size and microstrain. We also studied the influence of the main deposition parameters on the optical and morphological properties through measurements of spectral transmittance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. It was found that the implemented method of sequential evaporation allows preparing, with a high degree of reproducibility, single phase MAPI and FAPI thin films with appropriate properties to be used as active layer in hybrid solar cells. The applicability of MAPI and FAPI thin films as active layer in photovoltaic devices has been demonstrated by using them in solar cells with structure: FTO/ZnO/MAPI(or FAPI)/P3HT/Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á Reinoso
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, 091706 Milagro, Ecuador.
| | - Camilo A Otálora
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Académicos por Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Gerardo Gordillo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
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10
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Shahiduzzaman M, Visal S, Kuniyoshi M, Kaneko T, Umezu S, Katsumata T, Iwamori S, Kakihana M, Taima T, Isomura M, Tomita K. Low-Temperature-Processed Brookite-Based TiO 2 Heterophase Junction Enhances Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Nano Lett 2019; 19:598-604. [PMID: 30582702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the design of electron-transport layers (ETLs) to enhance the efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), facile electron extraction and transport are important features. Here, we consider the effects of different titanium oxide (TiO2) polymorphs, anatase and brookite. We design and fabricate high-phase-purity, single-crystalline, highly conductive, and low-temperature (<180 °C)-processed brookite-based TiO2 heterophase junctions on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as the substrate. We test and compare single-phase anatase (A) and brookite (B) and heterophase anatase-brookite (AB) and brookite-anatase (BA) as ETLs in PSCs. The power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs with low-temperature-processed single-layer FTO-B as the ETL were as high as 14.92%, which is the highest reported efficiency of FTO-B-based single-layer PSC. This implies that FTO-B serves as an active phase and can be a potential candidate as an n-type ETL scaffold in planar PSCs. Moreover, the surface of highly crystalline brookite TiO2 exhibits a tendency toward interparticle necking, leading to the formation of compact scaffolds. Furthermore, PSCs with heterophase junction FTO-AB ETLs exhibited PCEs as high as 16.82%, which is superior to those of PSCs with single-phase anatase (FTO-A) and brookite (FTO-B) as the ETLs (13.86% and 14.92%, respectively). In addition, the PSCs with FTO-AB exhibited improved efficiency and decreased hysteresis compared with those with FTO-BA (13.45%) due to the suitable band alignment with the perovskite layer, which resulted in superior photogenerated charge-carrier extraction and reduced charge accumulation at the interface between the heterophase junction and perovskite. Thus, the present work presents an effective strategy by which to develop heterophase junction ETLs and manipulate the interfacial energy band to further improve the performance of planar PSCs and enable the clean and eco-friendly fabrication of low-cost mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahiduzzaman
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | | | | | - Masato Kakihana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taima
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
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11
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Lee Y, Lee S, Seo G, Paek S, Cho KT, Huckaba AJ, Calizzi M, Choi D, Park J, Lee D, Lee HJ, Asiri AM, Nazeeruddin MK. Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Passivated Tin Oxide as an Electron Transport Layer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1800130. [PMID: 29938189 PMCID: PMC6010698 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Planar perovskite solar cells using low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of the SnO2 electron transporting layer (ETL), with excellent electron extraction and hole-blocking ability, offer significant advantages compared with high-temperature deposition methods. The optical, chemical, and electrical properties of the ALD SnO2 layer and its influence on the device performance are investigated. It is found that surface passivation of SnO2 is essential to reduce charge recombination at the perovskite and ETL interface and show that the fabricated planar perovskite solar cells exhibit high reproducibility, stability, and power conversion efficiency of 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Lee
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Division of Materials Science and EngineeringHanyang University222 Wangsimni‐roSeongdong‐guSeoul133‐791Korea
| | - Gabseok Seo
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Sanghyun Paek
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Kyung Taek Cho
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Aron J. Huckaba
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Marco Calizzi
- Laboratory of Materials for Renewable EnergyEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
| | - Dong‐won Choi
- Division of Materials Science and EngineeringHanyang University222 Wangsimni‐roSeongdong‐guSeoul133‐791Korea
| | - Jin‐Seong Park
- Division of Materials Science and EngineeringHanyang University222 Wangsimni‐roSeongdong‐guSeoul133‐791Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical ScienceNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Hyo Joong Lee
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
- Department of Chemistry, and Bioactive Material SciencesChonbuk National UniversityJeonju561‐756Korea
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR)King Abdulaziz UniversityP. O. Box 80203Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH‐1951SionSwitzerland
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12
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Yang G, Chen C, Yao F, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Zheng X, Ma J, Lei H, Qin P, Xiong L, Ke W, Li G, Yan Y, Fang G. Effective Carrier-Concentration Tuning of SnO 2 Quantum Dot Electron-Selective Layers for High-Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1706023. [PMID: 29484722 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The carrier concentration of the electron-selective layer (ESL) and hole-selective layer can significantly affect the performance of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a facile yet effective two-step method, i.e., room-temperature colloidal synthesis and low-temperature removal of additive (thiourea), to control the carrier concentration of SnO2 quantum dot (QD) ESLs to achieve high-performance PSCs is developed. By optimizing the electron density of SnO2 QD ESLs, a champion stabilized power output of 20.32% for the planar PSCs using triple cation perovskite absorber and 19.73% for those using CH3 NH3 PbI3 absorber is achieved. The superior uniformity of low-temperature processed SnO2 QD ESLs also enables the fabrication of ≈19% efficiency PSCs with an aperture area of 1.0 cm2 and 16.97% efficiency flexible device. The results demonstrate the promise of carrier-concentration-controlled SnO2 QD ESLs for fabricating stable, efficient, reproducible, large-scale, and flexible planar PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Fang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Pingli Qin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liangbin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Ke
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Guojia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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13
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Li X, Hao F, Zhao X, Yin X, Yao Z, Guo Y, Shen H, Lin H. Rational Design of Solution-Processed Ti-Fe-O Ternary Oxides for Efficient Planar CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Suppressed Hysteresis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:34833-34843. [PMID: 28920436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron-extraction layer (EEL) plays a critical role in determining the charge extraction and the power conversion efficiencies of the organometal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, Ti-Fe-O ternary oxides were first developed to work as an efficient EEL in planar PSC. Compared with the widely used TiOx and the pure FeOx, the ternary composites show superior properties in multiple aspects including the excellent stability of the precursor solution, good coverage on the substrates, outstanding electrical properties, and suitable energy levels. By varying the Fe content from 0 to 100% in the Ti-Fe-O composites, the conductivity of the resultant compact layer was markedly improved, confirmed by consistent results from the conductive atomic force microscopy and the linear sweep voltammetry measurements. Meanwhile, the compositional engineering tunes the energy level alignment of the Ti-Fe-O EEL/CH3NH3PbI3 interface to a region that is favorable for obtaining excellent charge-extraction property. The combinational advantages of the Ti-Fe-O composites significantly improved the photovoltaic performance of the as-prepared solar cells. An increase of over 20% in the short-circuit current (JSC) density has been achieved due to a modified EEL conductivity and energy alignment with the perovskite layer. The reduction in the surface recombination and enhancement of the charge collection efficiency also result in about 15% increase in the fill factor. Notably, the device also showed remarkably alleviated hysteresis behavior, revealing a prominently inhibited surface recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
| | - Feng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Heping Shen
- Centre for Sustainable Energy System, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 10084, P. R. China
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14
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Yao X, Liang J, Li Y, Luo J, Shi B, Wei C, Zhang D, Li B, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Hydrogenated TiO 2 Thin Film for Accelerating Electron Transport in Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1700008. [PMID: 29051848 PMCID: PMC5644234 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Intensive studies on low-temperature deposited electron transport materials have been performed to improve the efficiency of n-i-p type planar perovskite solar cells to extend their application on plastic and multijunction device architectures. Here, a TiO2 film with enhanced conductivity and tailored band edge is prepared by magnetron sputtering at room temperature by hydrogen doping (HTO), which accelerates the electron extraction from perovskite photoabsorber and reduces charge transfer resistance, resulting in an improved short circuit current density and fill factor. The HTO film with upward shifted Fermi level guarantees a smaller loss on VOC and facilitates the growth of high-quality absorber with much larger grains and more uniform size, leading to devices with negligible hysteresis. In comparison with the pristine TiO2 prepared without hydrogen doping, the HTO-based device exhibits a substantial performance enhancement leading to an efficiency of 19.30% and more stabilized photovoltaic performance maintaining 93% of its initial value after 300 min continuous illumination in the glove box. These properties permit the room-temperature magnetron sputtered HTO film as a promising electron transport material for flexible and tandem perovskite solar cell in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
| | - Junhui Liang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yuelong Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jingshan Luo
- Laboratory for Photonics and InterfacesInstitution of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringSchool of Basic SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of TechnologyLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Biao Shi
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Changchun Wei
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Baozhang Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinTianjin300071P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin300071P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
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15
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Yang H, Cong S, Lou Y, Han L, Zhao J, Sun Y, Zou G. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Interfacial Layer for High-Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:31746-31751. [PMID: 28840712 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) is an efficient electron transport and hole blocking material in organic photoelectric devices. Here, we report cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) doped Bphen as cathode interfacial layer in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx based planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Investigation finds that introducing Cs2CO3 suppresses the crystallization of Bphen and benefits a smooth interface contact between the perovskite and electrode, resulting in the decrease in carrier recombination and the perovskite degradation. In addition, the matching energy level of Bphen film in the PSCs effectively blocks the holes diffusion to cathode. The resultant power conversion efficiency (PCE) achieves as high as 17.03% in comparison with 12.67% of reference device without doping. Besides, experiments also demonstrate the stability of PSCs have large improvement because the suppressed crystallization of Bphen by doping Cs2CO3 as a superior barrier layer blocks the Ag atom and surrounding moisture access to the vulnerable perovskite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yanhui Lou
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Liang Han
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guifu Zou
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and ‡Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
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Zheng L, Ma Y, Xiao L, Zhang F, Wang Y, Yang H. Water-Soluble Polymeric Interfacial Material for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:14129-14135. [PMID: 28368575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial materials play a critical role in photoelectric conversion properties as well as the anomalous hysteresis phenomenon of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this article, a water-soluble polythiophene PTEBS was employed as a cathode interfacial material for PSCs. Efficient energy level aligning and improved film morphology were obtained due to an ultrathin coating of PTEBS. Better ohmic contact between the perovskite layer and the cathode also benefits the charge transport and extraction of the device. Moreover, less charge accumulation at the interface weakens the polarization of the perovskite resulting in a relatively quick response of the modified device. The ITO/PTEBS/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Au cells by an all low-temperature process achieved power conversion efficiencies of up to 15.4% without apparent hysteresis effect. Consequently, the utilization of this water-soluble polythiophene is a practical approach for the fabrication of highly efficient, large-area, and low-cost PSCs and compatible with low-temperature solution process, roll-to-roll manufacture, and flexible application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zheng
- School of Energy Research, Xiang'an Campus, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361100, Fujian China
- Renewable Energy Research Group (RERG), Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingzhuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan Chongqing 402160, P.R.China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- School of Energy Research, Xiang'an Campus, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361100, Fujian China
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong , New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongxing Yang
- Renewable Energy Research Group (RERG), Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
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17
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Cong S, Yang H, Lou Y, Han L, Yi Q, Wang H, Sun Y, Zou G. Organic Small Molecule as the Underlayer Toward High Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:2295-2300. [PMID: 28032749 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The underlayer plays an important role for organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite formation and charge transport in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we employ a classical organic small molecule, 5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene (rubrene), as the underlayer of perovskite films to achieve 15.83% of power conversion efficiency with remarkable moisture tolerance exposed to the atmosphere. Experiments demonstrate rubrene hydrophobic underlayer not only drives the crystalline grain growth of high quality perovskite, but also contributes to the moisture tolerance of PSCs. Moreover, the matching energy level of the desirable underlayer is conductive to extracting holes and blocking electrons at anode in PSCs. This introduction of organic small molecule into PSCs provides alternative materials for interface optimization, as well as platform for flexible and wearable solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cong
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yanhui Lou
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Liang Han
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qinghua Yi
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guifu Zou
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215006, China
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Huang C, Liu C, Di Y, Li W, Liu F, Jiang L, Li J, Hao X, Huang H. Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Reduced Hysteresis and Enhanced Open Circuit Voltage by Using PW12-TiO2 as Electron Transport Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:8520-8526. [PMID: 26954448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An electron transport layer is essential for effective operation of planar perovskite solar cells. In this Article, PW12-TiO2 composite was used as the electron transport layer for the planar perovskite solar cell in the device structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-glass/PW12-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au. A proper downward shift of the conduction band minimum (CBM) enhanced electron extraction from the perovskite layer to the PW12-TiO2 composite layer. Consequently, the common hysteresis effect in TiO2-based planar perovskite solar cells was significantly reduced and the open circuit voltage was greatly increased to about 1.1 V. Perovskite solar cells using the PW12-TiO2 compact layer showed an efficiency of 15.45%. This work can contribute to the studies on the electron transport layer and interface engineering for the further development of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Canjun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yunxiang Di
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Wenzhang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Fangyang Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Liangxing Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Liu X, Yu H, Yan L, Dong Q, Wan Q, Zhou Y, Song B, Li Y. Triple cathode buffer layers composed of PCBM, C60, and LiF for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:6230-6237. [PMID: 25741994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, triple cathode buffer layers (CBLs) composed of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), C60, and LiF layers were introduced into the planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells (p-i-n PSCs) with a device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/CBLs/Al. For comparison, a single CBL of PCBM and a double CBL of PCBM/LiF were also investigated in the p-i-n PSCs. On the basis of the PCBM buffer layer, the addition of a thin LiF layer facilitated the charge collection process and led to the dramatic improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs up to 14.69% under an illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm(2), which is to date one of the highest efficiencies of the p-i-n PSCs. By further insertion of a C60 layer between PCBM and LiF in the triple CBLs, a PCE of 14.24% was obtained, and more importantly, the PCBM/C60/LiF triple CBLs are very helpful for improving the stability of the devices and making the LiF layer less thickness-sensitive for achieving high performances of the p-i-n PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hao Yu
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li Yan
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Dong
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qun Wan
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bo Song
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- †Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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