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Sorokina SA, Mikhailov SP, Kuchkina NV, Bykov AV, Vasiliev AL, Ezernitskaya MG, Golovin AL, Nikoshvili LZ, Sulman MG, Shifrina ZB. Ru@hyperbranched Polymer for Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to Gamma-Valerolactone: The Role of the Catalyst Support. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:799. [PMID: 35054984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) obtained from cellulose biomass is a promising path for production of γ-valerolactone (GVL)—a component of biofuel. In this work, we developed Ru nanoparticle containing nanocomposites based on hyperbranched pyridylphenylene polymer, serving as multiligand and stabilizing matrix. The functionalization of the nanocomposite with sulfuric acid significantly enhances the activity of the catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of LA to GVL and allows the reaction to proceed under mild reaction conditions (100 °C, 2 MPa of H2) in water and low catalyst loading (0.016 mol.%) with a quantitative yield of GVL and selectivity up to 100%. The catalysts were successfully reused four times without a significant loss of activity. A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of the catalysts allowed us to assess structure-property relationships and to uncover an important role of the polymeric support in the efficient GVL synthesis.
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Sun X, Gao X, Chen J, Wang X, Chang H, Li B, Song D, Li J, Li H, Wang N. Ultrasmall Ru Nanoparticles Highly Dispersed on Sulfur-Doped Graphene for HER with High Electrocatalytic Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:48591-48597. [PMID: 33073562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructuring and metal-support interactions have been explored as effective methods to improve the electrocatalytic activity in heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, we have fabricated ultrasmall Ru nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on S-doped graphene (denoted as Ru/S-rGO) by a facile "one-pot" procedure. The experimental results indicated that both the S doping and moderate degree of oxidization of GO can induce the formation and high dispersion of the ultrasmall Ru NPs with larger electrochemically active surface areas for exposing more active sites. Metal-support interaction between S-doped graphene and Ru NPs was observed from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electronic charge-difference studies. It resulted in the decrease in the electron density of Ru, which facilitated electron release from H2O and H-OH bond breakage. The results of density functional theory calculation confirmed that the S-dopants could reduce the energy barrier for breaking the H-OH bond to accelerate water dissociation during the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). At a current density 20 mA cm-2, the lowest overpotential of 14 mV, superior to that of Pt/C in alkaline solution, was observed for Ru/S-rGO-24. The observed lowest value of overpotential was because of the ultrasmall size, high dispersion, and metal-support interaction. This work provides a simple and effective method in designing advanced electrocatalysts for the HER in an alkaline electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhuo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuyun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haixia Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dengmeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haisheng Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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He T, Peng Y, Li Q, Lu JE, Liu Q, Mercado R, Chen Y, Nichols F, Zhang Y, Chen S. Nanocomposites Based on Ruthenium Nanoparticles Supported on Cobalt and Nitrogen-Codoped Graphene Nanosheets as Bifunctional Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:46912-46919. [PMID: 31755691 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rational design and engineering of high-efficiency electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting is crucial for the development of hydrogen energy technology. Herein, a facile procedure is described for the preparation of effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), where ruthenium nanoparticles are supported on graphene nanosheets that are codoped with atomic cobalt and nitrogen by controlled pyrolysis of melamine-functionalized graphene oxide and metal ion precursors. The obtained nanocomposites (CoNG/Ru) exhibit a remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward both HER and OER in alkaline media, with a respective overpotential of only -15 and +350 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm-2, which is much better than the monometallic counterparts and relevant catalysts in the literature. With CoNG/Ru as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting in a two-electrode system, a low potential of 1.58 V is needed to reach the current density of 10 mA cm-2, which is even better than that with commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. This is ascribed to the synergistic interactions between the metal species by metal-metal charge transfer. These results highlight the significance of exploiting the electronic interactions between metal species in carbon-based nanocomposites to develop bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Qiaoxia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Electric Power , 2588 Changyang Road , Yangpu District, Shanghai 200090 , China
| | - Jia En Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Rene Mercado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Yang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Forrest Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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Kim SY, Lee HW, Pai SJ, Han SS. Activity, Selectivity, and Durability of Ruthenium Nanoparticle Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis by Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation: The Size Effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:26188-26194. [PMID: 30016859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation employing the reactive force field (ReaxFF), developed from various first-principles calculations in this study, on ammonia (NH3) synthesis from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gases over Ru nanoparticle (NP) catalysts. Using ReaxFF-MD simulations, we predict not only the activities and selectivities but also the durabilities of the nanocatalysts and discuss the size effect and process conditions (temperature and pressure). Among the NPs (diameter = 3, 4, 5, and 10 nm) considered in this study, the 4 nm NPs show the highest activity, in contrast to our intuition that the smallest NP should provide the highest activity, as it has the highest surface area. In addition, the best selectivity is observed with the 10 nm NPs. The activity and selectivity are mainly determined by the hcp, fcc, and top sites on the Ru NP surface, which depend on the NP size. Moreover, the selectivity can be improved more significantly by increasing the H2 pressure than by increasing the N2 pressure. The durability of the NPs can be determined by the mean stress and the stress concentration, and these two factors have a trade-off relationship with the NP size. In other words, as the NP size increases, its mean stress decreases, whereas the stress concentration simultaneously increases. Because of these two effects, the best durability is found with the 5 nm NPs, which is also in contrast to our intuition that larger NPs should show better durability. We expect that ReaxFF-MD simulations, along with first-principles calculations, could be a useful tool in developing novel catalysts and understanding catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yup Kim
- Computational Science Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarangno 14-gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Woo Lee
- Computational Science Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarangno 14-gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Pai
- Computational Science Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarangno 14-gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Computational Science Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarangno 14-gil , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
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