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Brown MT, Mueller DS, Kandel YR, Telenko DEP. Influence of Integrated Management Strategies on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) Root Infection, Foliar Symptoms, Yield and Net Returns. Pathogens 2023; 12:913. [PMID: 37513760 PMCID: PMC10385733 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Three soybean field trials were conducted in Indiana to evaluate the integration of seed treatment, cultivar selection, and seeding rate on sudden death syndrome (SDS) root rot, pathogen load in the root, foliar symptoms, yield, and net return. Two soybean cultivars, one moderately resistant and one susceptible to SDS, were planted at three seeding rates (272,277 seeds/ha, 346,535 seeds/ha, and 420,792 seeds/ha). Fluopyram and pydiflumetofen seed treatments were applied to both cultivars, and the cultivars were then compared with a control. Low foliar SDS disease pressure was observed in our study. Seed treatment with either fluopyram or pydiflumetofen and the use of a moderately resistant cultivar decreased Fusarium virguliforme DNA concentration in the root relative to the control and the use of a susceptible cultivar. Fluopyram significantly reduced visual root rot severity by 8.8% and increased yield by 105 kg/ha relative to the control but was not different from pydiflumetofen. However, pydiflumetofen performed the same as the control with respect to root rot severity and yield. Findings from this study support the use of a seed treatment to protect roots from infection and the use of a moderately resistant cultivar planted at a seeding rate of 346,535 seeds/ha to protect yield and maximize net returns when a field has low foliar SDS pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama T Brown
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yuba R Kandel
- 5Metis Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Dong S, Zhang X, Chu J, Zheng F, Fei L, Dai X, He M. Optimized seeding rate and nitrogen topdressing ratio for simultaneous improvement of grain yield and bread-making quality in bread wheat sown on different dates. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:360-369. [PMID: 34143446 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sowing date, seeding rate, and nitrogen (N) topdressing ratio have strong effects on grain yield (GY) and bread-making quality (BQ) in bread wheat. Simultaneous improvement in GY and BQ in bread wheat has long been a challenge due to the inverse relationship between GY and grain protein concentration (GPC). In this study, we investigated whether the GY and BQ of bread wheat sown on different dates could be improved simultaneously by optimizing the seeding rate and the N topdressing ratio. RESULTS Delaying sowing beyond a certain period led to decreases in both GY and BQ. Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio enhanced the N uptake during pre- and post-anthesis, as well as N remobilization during grain filling for all wheat plants sown on different dates, thereby increasing the GPC and the total N per grain (Ntot ). Consequently, grain protein composition was improved, resulting in an increased glutenin/gliadin ratio, sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble glutenin/total glutenin (i.e., glutenin polymerization index), and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit/ low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS/LMW-GS) ratio. Increased GPC and improved grain protein composition enhanced BQ. CONCLUSION The mechanism underlying simultaneous improvement in GY and GPC as well as Ntot was the greater increase in N accumulation in grains per unit area relative to increases in GY, or total grain number per unit area. The GY and BQ can be improved simultaneously regardless of sowing date by optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio via enhanced N uptake and N remobilization into grains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Dong
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Chu
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Feina Zheng
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Fei
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong He
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
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Liu W, Hu J, Zhao X, Yao M, Lakhiar IA, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang W. An Adaptive Roller Speed Control Method Based on Monitoring Value of Real-Time Seed Flow Rate for Flute-Roller Type Seed-Metering Device. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 21:E80. [PMID: 33375654 DOI: 10.3390/s21010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain desirable crop yields, grain seeds need to be sown at the optimal seed amount per hectare with uniform distribution in the field. In previous grain sowing processes, the seeding rates are controlled by the rotational speed of the flute roller which significantly effects the uniform distribution of the seeds due to disturbances, such as the reduction of the seeds' mass in the hopper and the change of working length of the flute roller. In order to overcome the above problem, we developed an adaptive roller speed control system based on the seed flow rate sensor. The developed system can monitor and feedback actual seeding rates. In addition, based on the monitoring value of the real-time seeding rates, an adaptive roller speed control method (ARSCM), which contains an algorithm for calculating the seeding rate with a compensation, was proposed. Besides, the seeding performance of the ARSCM and that of the conventional roller speed control method (CRSCM) were compared. The results of constant-velocity experiments demonstrated that the accuracy (SA) and the coefficient of variation (SCV) of the seeding rates controlled by the ARSCM were 94.12% and 6.77%, respectively. As for the CRSCM, the SA and SCV were 89.00% and 8.95%, respectively. Under variable-velocity conditions, the SA and SCV of the proposed system were 91.58% and 11.08%, respectively, while those of the CRSCM were 88.48% and 13.08%, respectively. Based on the above results, this study concluded that the ARSCM is able to replace the CRSCM in practical sowing processes for the optimal and uniform seed distribution in the field.
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Rod KS, Bradley CA, Van Sanford DA, Knott CA. Integrating Management Practices to Decrease Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Soft Red Winter Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32849715 PMCID: PMC7406782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the U.S., can produce mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), during infection. Contamination of wheat grain with DON is a major concern for wheat producers and millers, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set advisory levels for DON in finished wheat products for human and animal consumption. Practices utilized to manage FHB and DON contamination include planting wheat cultivars with moderate resistance to FHB and applying efficacious fungicides at the beginning of anthesis. Under severe epidemics, DON contamination can exceed FDA advisory levels despite implementation of these measures. Additionally, fungicide efficacy can be limited when anthesis is not uniform among plants in the field, which can occur when planting is delayed or if there is non-uniform seedling establishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of (1) in-furrow phosphorus application at planting and seeding rate on heading and anthesis uniformity, FHB symptomology, DON contamination, grain yield, yield components, and test weight; and (2) harvesting at different grain moisture concentrations on FHB symptomology, DON contamination, grain yield and test weight. Field trials were established in Princeton, Kentucky, from 2017 to 2019, to evaluate in-furrow phosphorus application at planting (0 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 47 kg P2O5 ha-1); seeding rate (377 live seeds m-2 and 603 live seeds m-2); and grain moisture at harvest (20 to 22% and 13 to 15%). In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield and spikes m-2, but had no effect on heading and anthesis uniformity or DON contamination. The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased the number of days to Zadoks 60 for the November planted wheat, and decreased FHB incidence, but did not decrease DON contamination. Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased Fusarium damaged kernel ratings and percent kernel infection but increased DON contamination in the harvested grain. Although in-furrow phosphorus, seeding rate, and harvesting 20 to 22% grain moisture did not decrease DON contamination, there is potential for these treatments to alleviate negative effects of late planted wheat grown in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Rod
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Carl A. Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, United States
| | - David A. Van Sanford
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Carrie A. Knott
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, United States
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Stanley JD, Mehring GH, Wiersma JJ, Ransom JK. A Decision Support System to Guide Grower Selection of Optimal Seeding Rates of Wheat Cultivars in Diverse Environments. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:779. [PMID: 32655595 PMCID: PMC7326012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seeding rate in hard red spring wheat (HRSW; Triticum aestivum L.) production impacts input cost and grain yield. Predicting the optimal seeding rate (OSR) for HRSW cultivars can eliminate the need for costly seeding rate research and growers using OSRs can maximize yield and seeding efficiency. Data were compiled from seeding rate studies conducted in 32 environments in the Northern Plains United States to determine the OSR of HRSW cultivars grown in diverse environments. Twelve cultivars with diverse genetic and phenotypic characteristics were evaluated at five seeding rates in 2013-2015, and nine cultivars were evaluated in 2017-2018. OSR varied among cultivar within environments. Cultivar x environment interactions were explored with the objective of developing a decision support system (DSS) to aid growers in determining the OSR for the cultivar they select, and for the environment in which it is sown. A 10-fold repeated cross-validation of the seeding rate data was used to fit 10 decision tree models and the most robust model was selected based on minimizing the value for model variance. The final decision tree model for predicting OSR of HRSW cultivars in diverse environments was considered the most reliable as bias was minimized by pruning methods, and model variance was acceptable for OSR predictions (RMSE = 1.24). Findings from this model were used to develop the grower DSS for determining OSR dependent on cultivar straw strength (as a measure of lodging resistance), tillering capacity, and yield of the environment. Recommendations for OSR ranged from 3.1 to 4.5 million seeds ha-1. Growers can benefit from using this DSS by sowing at OSR relative to their average yields; especially when seeding new HRSW cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Stanley
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | - Jochum J. Wiersma
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Crookston, MN, United States
| | - Joel K. Ransom
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Tian X, Sun M, Gao ZQ, Zhang J, Lin W, Xue JF, Yang ZP, Mo F. [Effects of sowing date and seeding rate on soil water consumption and plant nitrogen translocation in dryland wheat]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2019; 30:3443-3451. [PMID: 31621231 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201910.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To tackle the issue of rainfall delay during dryland wheat sowing season and further examine the effects of seeding rate on water use and yield formation, a field experiment was conducted at Wenxi Experimental Station, Shanxi Province between 2015 and 2017. We used two sowing dates, i.e. September 20 and October 10 as early (EB) and late (LB) sowing in main plots, and each with three seeding rates as 67.5 (LD), 90 (MD) and 112.5(HD) kg·hm-2. The results showed that compared with LB, EB increased total soil water consumption by 11-22 mm over the entire growing season. With the increases of seeding density, total soil water consumption increased by 2-20 mm. Soil water consumption before anthesis tended to increase for LB, while there was a significant increase of soil water consumption after anthesis for EB. Compared with LB, the pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation amount in EB were increased under LD and MD, but decreased under HD. For EB, the pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation amount were highest at LD. Under LB, the pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation amount were greatest at high sowing density. EB significantly increased grain yield by 163-996 kg·hm-2 than LB. EB significantly increased grain yield and water use efficiency by 5%-26% and 2%-21% compared with LB, respectively. The nitrogen absorption efficiency and harvest index were 3%-36% and 11% higher under LB than that under EB. As for seeding rate, a low level tended to gain higher grain yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen harvest index under EB, whereas a high level tended to gain higher values of grain yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen harvest index under LB. In addition, the pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation was closely related with 100-200 cm soil water consumption before anthesis, especially for stem + sheath, glume + spike nitrogen translocation. The post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation was significantly correlated with 100-300 cm soil water consumption after anthesis. In conclusion, early sowing with a seeding rate of 67.5 kg·hm-2 and late sowing with a seeding rate of 112.5 kg·hm-2 could be promising options to boost dryland wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wen Lin
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian-Fu Xue
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ping Yang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Fei Mo
- CCollege of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
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Doheny-Adams T, Lilley CJ, Barker A, Ellis S, Wade R, Atkinson HJ, Urwin PE, Redeker K, Hartley SE. Constant Isothiocyanate-Release Potentials across Biofumigant Seeding Rates. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5108-5116. [PMID: 29624055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofumigation is an integrated pest-management method involving the mulching of a glucosinolate-containing cover crop into a field in order to generate toxic isothiocyanates (ITCs), which are effective soil-borne-pest-control compounds. Variation in biofumigation efficacy demonstrates a need to better understand the factors affecting pest-control outcomes and develop best practices for choosing biofumigants, growth conditions, and mulching methods that allow the greatest potential isothiocyanate release. We measured the glucosinolate concentrations of six different commercial varieties of three biofumigant plant species: Brassica juncea (ISCI99, Vitasso, and Scala) Raphanus sativus (Diablo and Bento), and Sinapis alba (Ida Gold). The plants were grown in the range of commercially appropriate seeding rates and sampled at three growth stages (early development, mature, and 50% flowering). Within biofumigant species, the highest ITC-release potentials were achieved with B. juncea cv. ISCI99 and R. sativus cv. Bento. The highest ITC-release potential occurred at the 50% flowering growth stage across the species. The seeding rate had a minor impact on the ITC-release potential of R. sativus but had no significant effects on the ITC-release potentials of the B. juncea or S. alba cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Doheny-Adams
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - C J Lilley
- Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , England
| | - A Barker
- Barworth Agriculture Ltd. , Sleaford NG34 9NB , England
| | - S Ellis
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - R Wade
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - H J Atkinson
- Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , England
| | - P E Urwin
- Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , England
| | - K Redeker
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - S E Hartley
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
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Bellaloui N, Bruns HA, Abbas HK, Mengistu A, Fisher DK, Reddy KN. Agricultural practices altered soybean seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and minerals in the Midsouth USA. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:31. [PMID: 25741347 PMCID: PMC4332302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Information on the effects of management practices on soybean seed composition is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of planting date (PD) and seeding rate (SR) on seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars) and seed minerals (B, P, and Fe) in soybean grown in two row-types (RTs) on the Mississippi Delta region of the Midsouth USA. Two field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 on Sharkey clay and Beulah fine sandy loam soil at Stoneville, MS, USA, under irrigated conditions. Soybean were grown in 102 cm single-rows and 25 cm twin-rows in 102 cm centers at SRs of 20, 30, 40, and 50 seeds m(-2). The results showed that in May and June planting, protein, glucose, P, and B concentrations increased with increased SR, but at the highest SRs (40 and 50 seeds m(-2)), the concentrations remained constant or declined. Palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid concentrations were the least responsive to SR increases. Early planting resulted in higher oil, oleic acid, sucrose, B, and P on both single and twin-rows. Late planting resulted in higher protein and linolenic acid, but lower oleic acid and oil concentrations. The changes in seed constituents could be due to changes in environmental factors (drought and temperature), and nutrient accumulation in seeds and leaves. The increase of stachyose sugar in 2010 may be due to a drier year and high temperature in 2010 compared to 2009; suggesting the possible role of stachyose as an environmental stress compound. Our research demonstrated that PD, SR, and RT altered some seed constituents, but the level of alteration in each year dependent on environmental factors such as drought and temperature. This information benefits growers and breeders for considering agronomic practices to select for soybean seed nutritional qualities under drought and high heat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacer Bellaloui
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, Plant Physiology, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceStoneville, MS, USA
- *Correspondence: Nacer Bellaloui, Crop Genetics Research Unit, Plant Physiology, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA e-mail:
| | - H. Arnold Bruns
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Crop Production, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceStoneville, MS, USA
| | - Hamed K. Abbas
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, Biological Control, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceStoneville, MS, USA
| | - Alemu Mengistu
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, Pathology, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceJackson, TN, USA
| | - Daniel K. Fisher
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Crop Production, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceStoneville, MS, USA
| | - Krishna N. Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Crop Production, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceStoneville, MS, USA
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