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Ahmad M, Ríos-Anillo MR, Acosta-López JE, Cervantes-Henríquez ML, Martínez-Banfi M, Pineda-Alhucema W, Puentes-Rozo P, Sánchez-Barros C, Pinzón A, Patel HR, Vélez JI, Villarreal-Camacho JL, Pineda DA, Arcos-Burgos M, Sánchez-Rojas M. Uncovering the Genetic and Molecular Features of Huntington's Disease in Northern Colombia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16154. [PMID: 38003344 PMCID: PMC10671691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Juan de Acosta, Atlántico, a city located on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, is home to the world's second-largest HD pedigree. Here, we include 291 descendants of this pedigree with at least one family member with HD. Blood samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. We quantified the HTT CAG expansion using an amplicon sequencing protocol. The genetic heterogeneity was measured as the ratio of the mosaicism allele's read peak and the slippage ratio of the allele's read peak from our sequence data. The statistical and bioinformatic analyses were performed with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. We found that the average HTT CAG repeat length in all participants was 21.91 (SD = 8.92). Of the 291 participants, 33 (11.3%, 18 females) had a positive molecular diagnosis for HD. Most affected individuals were adults, and the most common primary and secondary alleles were 17/7 (CAG/CCG) and 17/10 (CAG/CCG), respectively. The mosaicism increased with age in the participants with HD, while the slippage analyses revealed differences by the HD allele type only for the secondary allele. The slippage tended to increase with the HTT CAG repeat length in the participants with HD, but the increase was not statistically significant. This study analyzed the genetic and molecular features of 291 participants, including 33 with HD. We found that the mosaicism increased with age in the participants with HD, particularly for the secondary allele. The most common haplotype was 17/7_17/10. The slippage for the secondary allele varied by the HD allele type, but there was no significant difference in the slippage by sex. Our findings offer valuable insights into HD and could have implications for future research and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostapha Ahmad
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Margarita R Ríos-Anillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Médica Residente de Neurología, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Johan E Acosta-López
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Martha L Cervantes-Henríquez
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Martha Martínez-Banfi
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Pedro Puentes-Rozo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Cristian Sánchez-Barros
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Clínica Palma de Mallorca, Hospital Juaneda Miramar, Islas Baleares, 07011 Palma, Spain
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute for Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - Hardip R Patel
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jorge I Vélez
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - José Luis Villarreal-Camacho
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - David A Pineda
- Grupo de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Conducta, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellin 050010, Colombia
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Eun J, Park H. Progressive postoperative slippage of titanium aneurysm clip confirmed by follow-up radiographic imaging studies and by reoperation: a case report. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:1176-1181. [PMID: 32996788 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1820948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of postoperative slippage of a titanium clip that was used for a small ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Clipping was successful with no remnant in the initial operation. Progressive slippage of the clip was observed in follow-up brain computed tomography angiography studies. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed this finding. Reoperation was performed 19 days after the initial craniotomy. The clinical course after reoperation was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Eun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haekwan Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Ye P, Guo Q, Zhang Z, Xu Q. High-Speed Centrifugal Spinning Polymer Slip Mechanism and PEO/PVA Composite Fiber Preparation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1277. [PMID: 37049370 PMCID: PMC10096941 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Composite nanofibers with excellent physical and chemical properties are widely used in new energy, biomedical, environmental, electronic, and other fields. Their preparation methods have been investigated extensively by many experts. High-speed centrifugal spinning is a novel method used to fabricate composite nanofibers. The slip mechanism of polymer solution flows is an important factor affecting the morphology and quality of composite nanofibers prepared by high-speed centrifugal spinning. As the polymer solution flows, the liquid wall slip occurs inside the nozzle, followed by liquid-liquid interface slip and gas-liquid interface slip. The factors affecting polymer slip were investigated by developing a mathematical model in the nozzle. This suggests that the magnitude of the velocity is an important factor that affects polymer slip and determines fiber quality and morphology. Under the same rotational speed, the smaller the nozzle diameter, the greater the concentration of velocity distribution and the smaller the diameter of the produced composite nanofibers. Finally, PEO/PVA composite nanofibers were prepared using high-speed centrifugal spinning equipment at 900-5000 rpm and nozzle diameters of 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.8 mm. The morphology and quality of the collected PEO/PVA composite nanofibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG experiments. Then, the optimal parameters for the preparation of PEO/PVA composite nanofibers by high-speed centrifugal spinning were obtained by combining the external environmental factors in the preparation process. Theoretical evaluation and experimental data were provided for the centrifugal composite spinning slip mechanism and for the preparation of composite nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Ye
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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Beygelzimer Y, Estrin Y, Davydenko O, Kulagin R. Gripping Prospective of Non-Shear Flows under High-Pressure Torsion. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:823. [PMID: 36676559 PMCID: PMC9863907 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The article presents a theoretical study of the regimes of high-pressure torsion (HPT) for which slippage of the deforming material on the interfaces with anvils is possible. The approach taken is a generalisation of the currently accepted view of the HPT process. It enables a rational explanation of its salient features and the effects observed experimentally. These include a lag in the rotation angle of the specimen behind that of the anvils, an outflow of the material from the deformation zone, enhancement in gripping the specimen with anvils with increasing axial pressure, etc. A generalised condition for gripping the specimen with anvils, providing a basis for an analytical investigation of the HPT deformation at a qualitative level, is established. The results of the analytical modelling are supported by finite-element calculations. It is shown that for friction stress below the shear stress of the specimen material (i.e., for the friction factor m < 1), plastic deformation is furnished by non-shear flows, which expands the range of possible process regimes. The potential of these flow modes is impressive, which is reflected in the second meaning of the word “gripping” in the title of the article. Non-shear flows manifest themselves in the spreading of the material over the anvil surfaces whose cessation signifies the end of deformation and the beginning of slippage of the specimen as a whole. The model shows that for m < 1 such a finale is inevitable at any axial pressure. It predicts, however, that the highest achievable strain is increased when the axial pressure is raised in the course of the HPT process. Unlimited deformation of the specimen is only possible for m = 1, when slippage of the deforming material relative to the anvils is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Beygelzimer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after O.O. Galkin, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Estrin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Oleksandr Davydenko
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after O.O. Galkin, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Kulagin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Gunderov D, Asfandiyarov R, Titov V, Gunderova S, Astanin V. Some Slippage Issues in High-Pressure Torsion Using Cu and Ti Samples as an Example. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:162. [PMID: 36614501 PMCID: PMC9822016 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of slippage during High Pressure Torsion (HPT) of technically pure Ti and pure Cu samples was investigated. The "joint torsion of the disk halves" method was used to evaluate the effect of slippage. It was shown that slippage starts already at the early stages of HPT. With a further increase in the number of revolutions n, the slippage effect increases, and no torsional deformation occurs after n = 5. The slippage effect is explained by analyzing the surface friction forces between the sample and the anvil. However, studies via TEM and XRD have shown that the structure of Ti samples after HPT at the investigated conditions is grinded to a nanocrystalline state. A structure is formed in Ti similar to that observed after HPT by other authors. The dislocation density increases with increasing HPT degree from n = 5 to n = 10 revolutions, despite slippage. Consequently, despite slippage at HPT at n ≥ 5, deformation still occurs. The following assumptions are made to explain the accumulated strain in the sample at HPT. It is assumed that the planes of the upper and lower anvil during HPT are at a slight inclination relative to each other. Computer modeling using the Deform 3D software package has shown that this leads to the accumulations of significant strain during HPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Gunderov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics of Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 151 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ave., 450075 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Physics of Metals, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Rashid Asfandiyarov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics of Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 151 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ave., 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Titov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics of Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 151 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ave., 450075 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Physics of Metals, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Sofia Gunderova
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics of Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 151 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ave., 450075 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Physics of Metals, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Vasily Astanin
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics of Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 151 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ave., 450075 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Physics of Metals, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
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Bao L, Han C, Li G, Chen J, Wang W, Yang H, Huang X, Guo J, Wu H. Flexible Electronic Skin for Monitoring of Grasping State During Robotic Manipulation. Soft Robot 2022; 10:336-344. [PMID: 36037018 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skin for robotic tactile sensing has been studied extensively over the past years, yet practical applications of electronic skin for the grasping state monitoring during robotic manipulation are still limited. In this study, we present the fabrication and implementation of electronic skin sensor arrays for the detection of unstable grasping. The piezoresistive sensor arrays have the advantages of facile fabrication, fast response, and high reliability. With the tactile data from the sensor array, we propose two quantitative indicators, correlation coefficient and wavelet coefficient, to identify grasping with variable forces and slippage. Those two indicators reflect both time and frequency domain characteristics in the contact forces from the sensor array and can be obtained without large amount of calculation. We demonstrate the utility of this method under various conditions, the results indicate grasping with variable forces, and slippage can be distinguished by this method. The flexible sensor arrays are adopted for tactile sensing on a bionic hand, and the effectiveness of this method in detecting various grasping states has been verified. The electronic skin sensor array and the grasping state monitoring method are promising for applications in robotic dexterous manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Flexible Electronics Research Center, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Flexible Electronics Research Center, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Guangdong Midea Air-Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Guangdong Midea Air-Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Guangdong Midea Air-Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Media Group Wuhan Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Flexible Electronics Research Center, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Flexible Electronics Research Center, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Flexible Electronics Research Center, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Benca E, Zderic I, Caspar J, Knegsel KV, Hirtler L, Gueorguiev B, Widhalm H, Windhager R, Varga P. On Measuring Implant Fixation Stability in ACL Reconstruction. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:6632. [PMID: 34640951 DOI: 10.3390/s21196632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous methods and devices are available for implant fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Biomechanical data indicate high variability in fixation stability across different devices. This study aims to provide a better insight into measuring the structural characteristics and mechanical behavior of ACL implant fixations. Fourteen human tibial specimens with reconstructed ACLs were subjected to progressively increasing dynamic loading until failure. The motions of the tibia, the proximal and distal graft ends, as well as the testing frame and actuator, were continuously recorded via a motion tracking system. Significantly higher displacements of the machine actuator (1.0 mm at graft slippage onset, and 12.2 mm at ultimate load) were measured compared to the displacements of the proximal (0.8 and 4.3 mm, respectively) and distal graft (0.1 and 3.4 mm, respectively) ends. The displacements measured at different sites showed significant correlations. The provided data suggest significant and systematic inaccuracies in the stiffness and slippage of the fixation when using machine displacement, as commonly reported in the literature. The assessment of the distal graft displacement excludes the artifactual graft elongation, and most accurately reflects the graft slippage onset indicating clinical failure. Considering the high displacement at the ultimate load, the ultimate load could be used as a standardized variable to compare different fixation methods. However, the ultimate load alone is not sufficient to qualitatively describe fixation stability.
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Abstract
The phosphoprotein gene of the paramyxoviruses encodes multiple protein products. The P, V, and W proteins are generated by transcriptional slippage. This process results in the insertion of non-templated guanosine nucleosides into the mRNA at a conserved edit site. The P protein is an essential component of the viral RNA polymerase and is encoded by a faithful copy of the gene in the majority of paramyxoviruses. However, in some cases, the non-essential V protein is encoded by default and guanosines must be inserted into the mRNA in order to encode P. The number of guanosines inserted into the P gene can be described by a probability distribution, which varies between viruses. In this article, we review the nature of these distributions, which can be inferred from mRNA sequencing data, and reconstruct the evolutionary history of cotranscriptional editing in the paramyxovirus family. Our model suggests that, throughout known history of the family, the system has switched from a P default to a V default mode four times; complete loss of the editing system has occurred twice, the canonical zinc finger domain of the V protein has been deleted or heavily mutated a further two times, and the W protein has independently evolved a novel function three times. Finally, we review the physical mechanisms of cotranscriptional editing via slippage of the viral RNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Douglas
- Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Alexei J Drummond
- Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Richard L Kingston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Scarpelli A, Demofonti A, Terracina F, Ciancio AL, Zollo L. Evoking Apparent Moving Sensation in the Hand via Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:534. [PMID: 32625047 PMCID: PMC7314928 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of sensory feedback in amputees plays a fundamental role in the prosthesis control and in the communication on the afferent channel between hand and brain. The literature shows that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can be a promising non-invasive technique to elicit sensory feedback in amputees, especially in the lower limb through the phenomenon of apparent moving sensation (AMS). It consists of delivering a sensation that moves along a specific part of the body. This study proposes to use TENS to elicit tactile sensations and adopt AMS to reproduce moving sensations on the hand, such as those related to an object moving in the hand or slipping upward or downward. To this purpose, the developed experimental protocol consists of two phases: (i) the mapping of the evoked sensations and (ii) the generation of the AMS. In the latter phase, the pulse amplitude variation (PAV), the pulse width variation (PWV), and the interstimulus delay modulation (ISDM) methods were compared. For the comparative analysis, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction (P < 0.016) was carried out on the success rate and on the ranking of methods expressed by the subjects. Results from the mapping protocol show that the delivered sensations were mostly described by the subjects as almost natural and superficial tingling. Results from the AMS protocol show that, for each movement direction, the success rate of ISDM method is higher than that of PWV and PAV and significantly higher than that of PAV for the ulnar-median direction. It recreates an AMS in the hand that effectively allows discriminating the type of sensation and distinguishing the movement direction. Moreover, ISDM was ranked by the subjects as the favorite method for recreating a well-defined and comfortable moving sensation only in the median-ulnar direction. For the ranking results, there was not a statistically significant difference among the methods. The experiments confirmed the good potential of recreating an AMS in the hand through TENS. This encourages to push forward this study on amputees and integrate it in the closed-loop control of a prosthetic system, in order to enable full control of grasp stability and prevent the objects from slippage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Scarpelli
- Research Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Cho EJ, Kim SM. Explantation of Adjustable Gastric Bands: An Observation Study of 10 Years of Experience at a Tertiary Center. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:782-790. [PMID: 31347334 PMCID: PMC6660444 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.8.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although laparoscopic adjustable gastric bands are considered a standard treatment for severe obesity, their use remains controversial. We evaluated rates of band explantation and the incidences of complications leading to and following band explantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective review was performed on patients that underwent adjustable gastric band explantation. For each of the three groups of patients that underwent explantation, we compared demographic and anthropometric data, band duration in situ, operative approach, and morbidities. RESULTS Between January 2009 and October 2018, a total of 267 patients underwent primary laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery. Of these 267 patients, 99 (37.1%) underwent band explantation. Numbers (%) of patients in the slippage (SL), band erosion (BE), and intolerance (IT) groups were 13 (13.1%), 39 (39.4), and 47 (47.5%), respectively. Mean %EBMIL values at explantation in these groups were 74.6±45.5, 79.7±40.3, and 36.1±46.0, respectively (p<0.001), and mean times for maintaining bands in situ were 45.1±28.0, 39.4±24.3, and 51.2±22.7 months, respectively. Isolated band removal was performed for slippage (SLi, n=12), band erosion (BEi, n=39), and intolerance (ITi, n=31). The numbers (%) of patients in the SLi, BEi, and ITi groups that experienced a surgical complication (Clavien-Dindo class ≥1) were 0 (0.0%), 24 (61.5%), and 3 (9.7%), respectively (p<0.001). In the BEi group, four patients (4/39, 10.3%) underwent reoperation after AGB removal. CONCLUSION During our 10 years of experience, 37.1% of adjustable gastric band had to be removed. Intra-abdominal abscess and intragastric bleeding were rare but serious complications after explantation. Potential candidates for adjustable gastric band should be informed of the high long-term risk of band explantation and its associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Cho
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Lewison RL, Johnson AF, Gan J, Pelc R, Westfall K, Helvey M. Accounting for unintended consequences of resource policy: Connecting research that addresses displacement of environmental impacts. Conserv Lett 2019; 12:e12628. [PMID: 31423151 PMCID: PMC6686692 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural resource policies enacted to protect environmental integrity play an important role in promoting sustainability. However, when resources are shared ecologically, economically, or through a common, global interest, policies implemented to protect resource sustainability in one domain can displace, and in some cases magnify, environmental degradation to other domains. Although such displacement has been recognized as a fundamental challenge to environmental and conservation policy within some resource sectors, there has been little cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral integration to address the problem. This suggests that siloed knowledge may be impeding widespread recognition of the ubiquity of displacement and the need for mitigation. Here, we connect research across multiple disciplines to promote a broader discussion and recognition of the processes and pathways that can lead to displaced impacts that countermand or undermine resource policy and outline a number of approaches that can mitigate displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianbang Gan
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| | - Robin Pelc
- California State University Monterey BaySeasideCalifornia
| | | | - Mark Helvey
- NOAA Fisheries West Coast RegionLong BeachCalifornia
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Wang Q, Ri S, Tsuda H, Takashita Y, Kitamura R, Ogihara S. Interlaminar Shear Behavior of Laminated Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic from Microscale Strain Distributions Measured by Sampling Moiré Technique. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11091684. [PMID: 30208653 PMCID: PMC6164604 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the interlaminar shear behavior of a [±45°]4s laminated carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) specimen is investigated, by utilizing microscale strain mapping in a wide field of view. A three-point bending device is developed under a laser scanning microscope, and the full-field strain distributions, including normal, shear and principal strains on the cross section of CFRP, in a three-point bending test, are measured using a developed sampling Moiré technique. The microscale shear strain concentrations at interfaces between each two adjacent layers were successfully detected and found to be positive-negative alternately distributed before damage occurrence. The 45° layers slipped to the right relative to the −45° layers, visualized from the revised Moiré phases, and shear strain distributions of the angle-ply CFRP under different loads. The absolute values of the shear strain at interfaces gradually rose with the increase of the bending load, and the sudden decrease of the shear strain peak value implied the occurrence of interlaminar damage. The evolution of the shear strain concentrations is useful in the quantitative evaluation of the potential interlaminar shear failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- Research Institute for Measurement and Analytical Instrumentation, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Shien Ri
- Research Institute for Measurement and Analytical Instrumentation, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tsuda
- Research Institute for Measurement and Analytical Instrumentation, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Takashita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Kitamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Shinji Ogihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Haschka M, Karbon G, Fava LL, Villunger A. Perturbing mitosis for anti-cancer therapy: is cell death the only answer? EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45440. [PMID: 29459486 PMCID: PMC5836099 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfering with mitosis for cancer treatment is an old concept that has proven highly successful in the clinics. Microtubule poisons are used to treat patients with different types of blood or solid cancer since more than 20 years, but how these drugs achieve clinical response is still unclear. Arresting cells in mitosis can promote their demise, at least in a petri dish. Yet, at the molecular level, this type of cell death is poorly defined and cancer cells often find ways to escape. The signaling pathways activated can lead to mitotic slippage, cell death, or senescence. Therefore, any attempt to unravel the mechanistic action of microtubule poisons will have to investigate aspects of cell cycle control, cell death initiation in mitosis and after slippage, at single-cell resolution. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling cell death in mitosis or after escape from mitotic arrest, as well as secondary consequences of mitotic errors, particularly sterile inflammation, and finally address the question how clinical efficacy of anti-mitotic drugs may come about and could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Haschka
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Karbon
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca L Fava
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Son SY, Park YC. A Novel Auxiliary Device for Preventing Band Slippage After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: Infra-Band Fixation Using S-Loop. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28:972-976. [PMID: 29466072 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2017.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Band slippage is known to be a troublesome complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), often requiring surgical intervention. To prevent band slippage, a new auxiliary device "S-loop" was developed. METHODS From July 2010 to January 2014, a total of 814 LAGBs were performed by a single surgeon. The patients were divided into two groups based on the application of S-loop: conventional LAGB group (n = 378) and S-loop group (n = 436). The operative outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The mean operative time and the length of hospital stay were significantly longer in the conventional LAGB group than in the S-loop group (64.3 minutes versus 57.1 minutes; P < .001 and 5.0 hours versus 3.6 hours; P < .001, respectively). The complications occurred in 7.1% of the conventional LAGB group and 1.6% in the S-loop group (P < .001). Slippage was the most common complication: 13 cases were observed in the conventional LAGB group, whereas no slippage was observed in the S-loop group. CONCLUSION Infra-band fixation using S-loop is a simple and effective method for preventing band slippage compared with the conventional LAGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Son
- 1 Department of Surgery, Ajou University Hospital , Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun Chan Park
- 2 Center for Obesity, Seoul Slim Surgery , Seoul, Korea
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Romeo RA, Oddo CM, Carrozza MC, Guglielmelli E, Zollo L. Slippage Detection with Piezoresistive Tactile Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E1844. [PMID: 28796170 DOI: 10.3390/s17081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the crucial actions to be performed during a grasping task is to avoid slippage. The human hand can rapidly correct applied forces and prevent a grasped object from falling, thanks to its advanced tactile sensing. The same capability is hard to reproduce in artificial systems, such as robotic or prosthetic hands, where sensory motor coordination for force and slippage control is very limited. In this paper, a novel algorithm for slippage detection is presented. Based on fast, easy-to-perform processing, the proposed algorithm generates an ON/OFF signal relating to the presence/absence of slippage. The method can be applied either on the raw output of a force sensor or to its calibrated force signal, and yields comparable results if applied to both normal or tangential components. A biomimetic fingertip that integrates piezoresistive MEMS sensors was employed for evaluating the method performance. Each sensor had four units, thus providing 16 mono-axial signals for the analysis. A mechatronic platform was used to produce relative movement between the finger and the test surfaces (tactile stimuli). Three surfaces with submillimetric periods were adopted for the method evaluation, and 10 experimental trials were performed per each surface. Results are illustrated in terms of slippage events detection and of latency between the slippage itself and its onset.
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Abstract
As a consequence of population level constraints in the obligate, host-associated lifestyle, intracellular symbiotic bacteria typically exhibit high rates of molecular sequence evolution and extensive genome degeneration over the course of their host association. While the rationale for genome degeneration is well understood, little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving this change. To understand these mechanisms we compared the genome of Sodalis praecaptivus, a nonhost associated bacterium that is closely related to members of the Sodalis-allied clade of insect endosymbionts, with the very recently derived insect symbiont Candidatus Sodalis pierantonius. The characterization of indel mutations in the genome of Ca. Sodalis pierantonius shows that the replication system in this organism is highly prone to deletions resulting from polymerase slippage events in regions encoding G+C-rich repetitive sequences. This slippage-prone phenotype is mechanistically associated with the loss of certain components of the bacterial DNA recombination machinery at an early stage in symbiotic life and is expected to facilitate rapid adaptation to the novel host environment. This is analogous to the emergence of mutator strains in both natural and laboratory populations of bacteria, which tend to reach high frequencies in clonal populations due to linkage between the mutator allele and the resulting adaptive mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin Dale
- Department of Biology, University of Utah
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Wei X, Meng Z, Ruiz L, Xia W, Lee C, Kysar JW, Hone JC, Keten S, Espinosa HD. Recoverable Slippage Mechanism in Multilayer Graphene Leads to Repeatable Energy Dissipation. ACS Nano 2016; 10:1820-1828. [PMID: 26783825 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the deformation mechanisms in multilayer graphene (MLG), an attractive material used in nanodevices as well as in the reinforcement of nanocomposites, is critical yet challenging due to difficulties in experimental characterization and the spatiotemporal limitations of atomistic modeling. In this study, we combine nanomechanical experiments with coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations to elucidate the mechanisms of deformation and failure of MLG sheets. Elastic properties of graphene sheets with one to three layers are measured using film deflection tests. A nonlinear behavior in the force vs deflection curves for MLGs is observed in both experiments and simulations: during loading/unloading cycles, MLGs dissipate energy through a "recoverable slippage" mechanism. The CG-MD simulations further reveal an atomic level interlayer slippage process and suggest that the dissipated energy scales with film perimeter. Moreover, our study demonstrates that the finite shear strength between individual layers could explain the experimentally measured size-dependent strength with thickness scaling in MLG sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3111, United States
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxu Meng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Luis Ruiz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Changgu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey W Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3111, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3111, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3111, United States
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Deutman ABC, Varghese S, Moalin M, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Slippage of a porphyrin macrocycle over threads of varying bulkiness: implications for the mechanism of threading polymers through a macrocyclic ring. Chemistry 2014; 21:360-70. [PMID: 25345395 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Threading of a polymer through a macrocyclic ring may occur directly, that is, by finding the end of the polymer chain, or by a process in which the polymer chain first folds and then threads through the macrocyclic ring in a hairpin-like conformation. We present kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the threading of a macrocyclic porphyrin receptor (H2 1) onto molecular threads that are blocked on one side and are open on the other side. The open side is modified by groups that vary in ease of folding and in bulkiness. Additionally, the threads contain a viologen binding site for the macrocyclic receptor, which is located close to the blocking group. The rates of threading of H2 1 were measured under various conditions, by recording as a function of time the quenching of the fluorescence of the porphyrin, which occurs when receptor H2 1 reaches the viologen binding site. The kinetic data suggest that threading is impossible if the receptor encounters an open side that is sterically encumbered in a similar way as a folded polymer chain. This indicates that threading of polymers through macrocyclic compounds through a folded chain mechanism is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B C Deutman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 24-3652929
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Castillo-Lizardo M, Henneke G, Viguera E. Replication slippage of the thermophilic DNA polymerases B and D from the Euryarchaeota Pyrococcus abyssi. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:403. [PMID: 25177316 PMCID: PMC4134008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication slippage or slipped-strand mispairing involves the misalignment of DNA strands during the replication of repeated DNA sequences, and can lead to genetic rearrangements such as microsatellite instability. Here, we show that PolB and PolD replicative DNA polymerases from the archaeal model Pyrococcus abyssi (Pab) slip in vitro during replication of a single-stranded DNA template carrying a hairpin structure and short direct repeats. We find that this occurs in both their wild-type (exo+) and exonuclease deficient (exo-) forms. The slippage behavior of PabPolB and PabPolD, probably due to limited strand displacement activity, resembles that observed for the high fidelity P. furiosus (Pfu) DNA polymerase. The presence of PabPCNA inhibited PabPolB and PabPolD slippage. We propose a model whereby PabPCNA stimulates strand displacement activity and polymerase progression through the hairpin, thus permitting the error-free replication of repetitive sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Castillo-Lizardo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Ghislaine Henneke
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale Plouzané, France ; CNRS, UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes Plouzané, France
| | - Enrique Viguera
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga Málaga, Spain
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