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Künzli M, Dürr-Auster T, Bracher C, Zhao Y, Bachelder J, Emmanuel F, Wiggenhauser M. 67Zn and 111Cd labelled green manure to determine the fate and dynamics of zinc and cadmium in soil-fertilizer-crop systems. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38488879 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2024.2324966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Isotope source tracing enables to accurately determine the fate of nutrients that are applied with fertilizers to soils. While this approach is well established for major nutrients such as nitrogen, it is not yet established for trace metals. Here, we aimed to determine the fate of the micronutrient zinc (Zn) and the contaminant cadmium (Cd) that were applied with an organic fertilizer to a soil-wheat system. A pot study was conducted in which wheat was grown on an alkaline soil. The soils received green manure and/or soluble Zn fertilizer and were compared with non-fertilized control treatments (n = 4 experimental replicates). The green manure was labelled with the stable isotopes 67Zn and 111Cd. For an efficient sample throughput, a method was provided and validated to determine enriched stable isotope ratios (67Zn:66Zn and 111Cd:110Cd) and the Zn and Cd concentrations in one analytical run. To this end, single collector ICP-MS analyses and stable isotope mass balances calculations were combined. Applying this method revealed that the addition of green manure increased neither Zn nor Cd concentrations in wheat grains due to biomass dilution effects. Isotope source tracing showed that the largest fraction of these metals in the wheat shoots derived from the soil in all treatments (Zn 87-99 %, Cd 94-98 %). Moreover, the addition of green manure increased the transfer of Zn and Cd from soil to wheat by a factor 1.9 for both elements. This increased transfer was likely related to a nitrogen fertilization effect that increased root and shoot biomass and thereby the soil exploration of the wheat. This study demonstrated how the fate and dynamics of multiple trace metals can be efficiently determined in soil-fertilizer-crop systems using isotope source tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Künzli
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jill Bachelder
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Dubendorf, Switzerland
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Akamatsu F, Jomura N, Tsuchida Y, Igi Y, Hisatsune Y, Teramoto S, Fujita A, Yamada O. Effect of water deficit stress during fruit cultivation on the carbon stable isotopes of organic acids in Japanese apricots and liqueur prepared from these fruits. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2024; 60:1-12. [PMID: 38129760 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2292701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of water deficit stress during fruit cultivation on the δ13C values of citric acid and malic acid in Japanese apricots at different ripeness stages and their resulting liqueurs. Our experiments show that water deficit stress increases the δ13C values of citric acid and malic acid in tree-ripened fruits, counteracting the typical decrease during ripening. However, water deficit treatment has a minimal effect on the δ13C values of organic acids in green fruits. Regardless of fruit ripeness or water status, the δ13C values of organic acids in fruits are directly reflected in the resulting liqueurs. Overall, water deficit stress during fruit cultivation has the potential to promote similarity in the δ13C values of organic acids across fruits at different ripeness levels, reducing variations among liqueurs derived from fruits of varying ripeness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Jomura
- Japanese Apricot Laboratory, Wakayama Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Minabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Tsuchida
- Japanese Apricot Laboratory, Wakayama Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Minabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukari Igi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Hisatsune
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Teramoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujita
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Leone F, Imfeld A, Mirzaei Y, Gélinas Y. Using 13C enriched acetate in isotope labelling incubation experiments: a note of caution. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2024; 60:66-73. [PMID: 38097918 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2291460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Vapour-phase fumigation with HCl is routinely used to remove inorganic carbon in preparation for the measurement of the concentration and δ13C value of organic carbon in a sample using elemental analysis coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Acidification of the sample to be analyzed can lead to the loss of low molecular weight conjugate bases as volatile organic acids during the acidification and/or the drying steps following fumigation, through protonation of the conjugate base and volatilization. Such loss could lead to a severe bias in incubation experiments where 13C-enriched compounds such as acetate are used to trace reaction pathways or metabolites in a cultivation medium or a mesocosm for example. In this work, we enriched a carbonate-free freshwater sediment with 1-13C sodium acetate by 5, 10 and 20 ‰ relative to the δ13C value of the natural organic carbon of the sediment, and then tested the effects of HCl fumigation, drying at 50 °C and drying at room temperature, alone or in combination, on the measured δ13C values. We found that fumigation and drying at 50 °C, alone or in combination, both lead to the loss of the majority of the 13C-enriched acetate spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Leone
- Geotop and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anic Imfeld
- Geotop and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yeganeh Mirzaei
- Geotop and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Geotop and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Junghans P, Zuz G, Faust H. Measurement of plasma protein and whole body protein metabolism using [ 15N]glycine in a young adult man - a pilot study. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2023; 59:511-528. [PMID: 37724354 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2252572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel simplified method is presented for the estimation of the metabolism of plasma proteins (albumin, fibrinogen, α, β and γ-globulin, glycoprotein) with regard to the whole body protein metabolism in a young male volunteer (22 years, 81 kg body mass). This method is based on multiple oral administration of [15N]glycine followed by measurement of 15N in plasma proteins, total free amino acids, urea and excreted urinary N. The fractional synthesis rate of albumin was estimated to 6.8 % d-1 based on amino acids and 3.3 % d-1 based on urea, respectively. The fractional synthesis rate of the other plasma proteins ranged from 4.3 % d-1 (γ-globulin) to 26.4 % d-1 (α-globulin, fibrinogen). We conclude that the simplified approach using [15N]glycine provides results which are similar to results based on the simultaneously applied 131I-human serum albumin technique as 'gold standard' and to those reported in literature. The compartmental analysis considering comprehensive tracer kinetic data ensures reliable data treatment and enables statistical evaluation. The analytical effort is minimal because the 15N enrichment of plasma protein after chemical digestion may be directly used. Therefore, the novel stable isotope 15N method is suitable for studies in clinical and nutritional research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Junghans
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology 'Oskar Kellner', Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Zuz
- Stünz-Mölkauer Weg 48, Leipzig 04318, Germany
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Pfrimer K, Botelho Ferraz Branco R, Preston T, Salles MS, Roma-Junior LC, Ferriolli E. Intrinsic labelling of common beans with 2H 2O to enable estimates of protein digestibility. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2023; 59:290-296. [PMID: 37480560 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2234592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of plant protein intrinsically labelled with stable isotopes provides an innovative solution to assess the efficiency of protein intake by humans. Here, the incorporation of 2H has been applied to intrinsically labelled plant protein in the common bean. This study aimed to evaluate which is the best phenological phase of seed maturation to incorporate the heavy hydrogen isotope 2H into seed amino acids. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in pots, then, after 50 days sowing, 2H2O dissolved in irrigation water was applied, then again at an interval of either 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. RESULTS Applications of 2H2O at 6, 9, and 12 days after the first application, in the full-flowering stage, were the best treatments for enriching protein-bound amino acids in the bean seed with 2H. CONCLUSION All treatments resulted in enrichment above 500 ppm, so the treatments (quantity and timing of 2H2O addition) were deemed successful for enriching bean seeds. This makes the intrinsically labelled seeds suitable for preparing test meals to assess the digestion and essential amino acid absorption of common bean amino acids in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pfrimer
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Tom Preston
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, UK
| | - Márcia Sv Salles
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Roma-Junior
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Junghans P, Voigt J, Jentsch W, Derno M. A novel doubly labelled 13C, 15N amino acid method for measuring energy and protein metabolism in man. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2019; 55:588-606. [PMID: 31648560 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1681990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel doubly [1-13C, α-15NH2]-labelled amino acid method (DLAAM) is presented for the determination of the CO2 production (RCO2) and energy expenditure in humans. This method is based on the simultaneous administration of [1-13C]glycine and [15N]glycine followed by the measurement of excretion kinetics of breath 13CO2 and urinary 15N. The basic idea of the DLAAM is that the unknown 13C recovery RF(13C) of the 1-13C amino acid, essential for the calculation of the net CO2 production, can be approximated by the easily measureable 15N recovery RF(15N) of the α-15NH2 labelled amino acid. In four healthy adult men (76-97 kg) the DLAAM was tested parallel to the IC and in one man (74 kg) parallel to the DLWM. Using the approximation RF(13C) ≈ RF(15N) the RCO2 (in l CO2 d-1) was calculated to 387.0 ± 30.3 (DLAAM) vs. 382.8 ± 22.6. (IC). The Bland-Altman plot shows that the difference between the DLAAM and IC of individual RCO2 is within the 95 % confidence interval (mean ± 2 SD): +4.3 ± 37.5 l CO2 d-1. We conclude that the DLAAM and IC may be used interchangeably. The physical activity level (PAL) was calculated based on the DLAAM vs. DLWM to about 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Junghans
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Voigt
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Werner Jentsch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Derno
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Kreitals NM, Hobson KA, Hoemsen BM, Crane AL, Wishingrad V, Sloychuk J, Pollock MS, Chivers DP, Phillips ID. Turnover of hydrogen isotopes in lake sturgeon blood: implications for tracking movements of wild populations. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2016; 52:592-602. [PMID: 26981716 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1147440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring deuterium ((2)H) in biota can be used to trace movement, migration and geographic origin of a range of organisms. However, to evaluate movements of animals using δ(2)H measurements of tissues, it is necessary to establish the turnover time of (2)H in the tissues and the extent of isotopic discrimination from different environmental (2)H sources to those tissues. We investigated the turnover of (2)H in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) blood by manipulating both environmental water δ(2)H and diet δ(2)H over a four-month period. The half-life of deuterium in lake sturgeon blood was 37.9 days after an increase in the environmental water δ(2)H of +714 ‰. However, no clear turnover in blood (2)H occurred over the same period in a separate trial following a change of -63.8 ‰ or +94.2 ‰ in diet. These findings suggest that environmental water (2)H exchanges much faster with blood than diets and that blood δ(2)H values can be used to trace movements of sturgeon and other fish moving among isotopically distinct waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Kreitals
- a Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
- b TRoutreach Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | | | - Brittney M Hoemsen
- a Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
- b TRoutreach Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Adam L Crane
- a Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Van Wishingrad
- a Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Janelle Sloychuk
- a Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | | | - Douglas P Chivers
- a Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Iain D Phillips
- a Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
- b TRoutreach Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation , Saskatchewan , Canada
- d Water Security Agency , Saskatchewan , Canada
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Skuratovič Ž, Mažeika J, Petrošius R, Martma T. Investigations of the unsaturated zone at two radioactive waste disposal sites in Lithuania. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2016; 52:544-552. [PMID: 26586231 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2015.1092968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The unsaturated zone is an important part of the water cycle, governed by many hydrological and hydrogeological factors and processes and provide water and nutrients to the terrestrial ecosystem. Besides, the soils of the unsaturated zone are regarded as the first natural barrier to a large extent and are able to limit the spread of contaminants depending on their properties. The unsaturated zone provides a linkage between atmospheric moisture, groundwater, and seepage of groundwater to streams, lakes, or other surface water bodies. The major difference between water flow in saturated and unsaturated soils is that the hydraulic conductivity, which is conventionally assumed to be a constant in saturated soils, is a function of the degree of saturation or matrix suction in the unsaturated soils. In Lithuania, low and intermediate level radioactive wastes generated from medicine, industry and research were accumulated at the Maisiagala radioactive waste repository. Short-lived low and intermediate levels radioactive waste, generated during the operation of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) and arising after the INPP decommissioning will be disposed of in the near surface repository close to the INPP (Stabatiske site). Extensive data sets of the hydraulic properties and water content attributed to unsaturated zone soil profiles of the two radioactive waste disposal sites have been collected and summarized. Globally widespread radionuclide tritium ((3)H) and stable isotope ratio ((18)O/(16)O and (2)H/(1)H) distribution features were determined in precipitation, unsaturated zone soil moisture profiles and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žana Skuratovič
- a State Research Institute Nature Research Centre , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Jonas Mažeika
- a State Research Institute Nature Research Centre , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | | | - Tõnu Martma
- b Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia
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Hendry MJ, Barbour SL, Schmeling EE. Defining near-surface groundwater flow regimes in the semi-arid glaciated plains of North America. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2016; 52:203-213. [PMID: 26606976 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1092966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dominant transport mechanisms controlling the migration of contaminants in geologic media are advection and molecular diffusion. To date, defining which transport mechanism dominates in saturated, non-lithified sediments has been difficult. Here, we illustrate the value of using detailed profiles of the conservative stable isotope values of water (δ(2)H and δ(18)O) to identify the dominant processes of contaminant transport (i.e. diffusion- or advection-dominated transport) in near-surface, non-lithified, saturated sediments of the Interior Plains of North America (IPNA). The approach presented uses detailed δ(18)O analyses of glacial till, glaciolacustrine clay, and fluvial sand core samples taken to depths of 11-50 m below ground at 22 sites across the IPNA to show whether transport in the fractured and oxidized sediments is dominated by advection or diffusion. Diffusion is by far the dominant transport mechanism in fine-textured lacustrine and glacial till sediments, but lateral advection dominates transport in sand-rich sediments and some oxidized, fine-textured lacustrine and glacial till sediments. The approach presented has a number of applications, including identifying dominant transport mechanisms in geomedia and potential protective barriers for underlying aquifers or surface waters, constraining groundwater transport models, and selecting optimum locations for monitoring wells. These findings should be applicable to most glaciated regions of the world that are composed of similar hydrogeologic units (i.e. low K clay till layers overlain by higher K coarse-textured aquifers or weathered clay till layers) and may also be applicable to non-glaciated regions exhibiting similar hydrogeologic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jim Hendry
- a Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - S Lee Barbour
- b Department of Civil and Geological Engineering , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Erin E Schmeling
- a Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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Peng TR, Liang WJ, Liu TS, Lin YW, Zhan WJ. Assessing the authenticity of commercial deep-sea drinking water by chemical and isotopic approaches. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2015; 51:322-331. [PMID: 25941946 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2015.1016431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study combines stable isotopes and chemical elements with statistical principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the authenticity of bottled commercial drinking water desalinized from deep seawater in the Taiwan market. Isotopic results indicate that true bottled deep-sea drinking water (DSDW) exhibits about 0 ‰ for both δ(2)H and δ(18)O values, which are values similar to those of open seawater. By comparison, suspected counterfeit DSDW products display δ(2)H and δ(18)O values of around -51 ‰ and -8 ‰, respectively. These values are representative of terrestrial freshwater. In addition, suspected counterfeit DSDWs have δ and electrical conductivity values similar to a mixed water (MW) product that was manufactured by purifying terrestrial freshwater and adulterating this with small amounts of brine. Furthermore, PCA results indicate the chemical constitution of suspected DSDW products to be similar to the MW product which falls between purified terrestrial freshwater and desalinized open seawater. These similarities imply that suspected counterfeit DSDW products are manufactured in a similar manner to the declared MW product. This study demonstrates how combining knowledge of stable water isotopes and PCA can be used in assessing the authenticity of commercial DSDW products. The method should be of great interest to similar investigations elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ren Peng
- a Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
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Junghans P, Larsson C, Jensen RB, Tauson AH. The ¹³C bicarbonate method: an inverse end product method for measuring CO₂ production and energy expenditure. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2015; 51:497-507. [PMID: 26643202 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2015.1110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We reconsider the principle of the (13)C bicarbonate (NaH(13)CO3) method ((13)C-BM) for the determination of the CO2 production to obtain an estimate of energy expenditure (EE). Its mathematical concept based on a three-compartmental model is related to the [(15)N]glycine end product method. The CO2 production calculated by the (13)C-BM, RaCO2((13)C) is compared to the result from the indirect calorimetry, RCO2(IC). In an interspecies comparison (dog, goat, horse, cattle, children, adult human; body mass ranging from 15 to 350 kg, resting and fasting conditions) we found an excellent correlation between the results of (13)C-BM and IC with RCO2(IC) = 0.703 × RaCO2((13)C), (R(2) = 0.99). The slope of this correlation corresponds to the fractional (13)C recovery (RF((13)C)) of (13)C in breath CO2 after administration of NaH(13)CO3. Significant increase in RF((13)C) was found in physically active dogs (0.95 ± 0.14; n = 5) vs. resting dogs (0.71 ± 0.10, n = 17; p = .015). The (13)C recovery in young bulls was greater in blood CO2 (0.81 ± 0.05) vs. breath CO2 (0.73 ± 0.05, n = 12, p < .001) and in ponies with oral (0.76 ± 0.03, n = 8) vs. intravenous administration of NaH(13)CO3 (0.69 ± 0.07; n = 8; p = .026). We suggest considering the (13)C-BM as a 'stand-alone' method to provide information on the total CO2 production as an index of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Junghans
- a Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology 'Oskar Kellner' , Dummerstorf , Germany
| | - Caroline Larsson
- b Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bovbjerg Jensen
- b Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Anne-Helene Tauson
- b Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Denmark
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Pucher J, Mayrhofer R, El-Matbouli M, Focken U. 15N tracer application to evaluate nitrogen dynamics of food webs in two subtropical small-scale aquaculture ponds under different managements. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2014; 50:428-441. [PMID: 24995524 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2014.922963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Small, semi-intensively managed aquaculture ponds contribute significantly to the food security of small-scale farmers around the world. However, little is known about nutrient flows within natural food webs in such ponds in which fish production depends on the productivity of natural food resources. (15)N was applied as ammonium at 1.1 and 0.4 % of total nitrogen in a traditionally managed flow-through pond and a semi-intensively managed stagnant pond belonging to small-scale farmers in Northern Vietnam and traced through the natural food resources over 7 days. Small-sized plankton (1-60 μ m) was the dominant pelagic biomass in both ponds with higher biomass in the stagnant pond. This plankton assimilated major portions of the applied tracer and showed a high sedimentation and turnover rate. High re-activation of settled nutrients into the pelagic food web was observed. The tracer was removed more quickly from the flow-through pond than from the stagnant pond. A steady nutrient supply could increase fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pucher
- a Institute of Aquaculture Systems and Animal Nutrition in the Tropics and Subtropics (480B) , University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
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