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Paulitsch-Fuchs AH, Melchior N, Haitzmann T, Fingerhut T, Feierl G, Baumert R, Kittinger C, Zarfel G. Analysis of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Genes of Non-Invasive ESBL Enterobacterales in Southeast Austria in 2017. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010001. [PMID: 36671202 PMCID: PMC9854808 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended spectrum beta lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major player in the antibiotic resistance challenge. In general, the situation regarding antibiotic resistance in Austria is very good compared to many other countries. Perhaps this is why there is a lack of data on the distribution of ESBL genes in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to collect data on ESBL genes from a larger sample of human non-invasive clinical isolates from one region in Austria. In total, 468 isolates from different sample materials isolated at the Medical University of Graz from 2017 were examined. The most frequent organisms were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the enzymes produced, CTX-M-15 was clearly dominant, exotic ESBLs were only represented by three Proteus mirabilis isolates harboring genes for VEB-6 and one P. mirabilis for CTX-M-2, respectively. Compared to other countries, the results are in line with the expectations. The data help to better classify the many studies from the non-clinical field in Austria and to shift the focus slightly away from the exotic results and sample sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid H. Paulitsch-Fuchs
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine Melchior
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Theresa Haitzmann
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Theres Fingerhut
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Gebhard Feierl
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rita Baumert
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Goldstein E, Fireman BH, Klein NP, Lipsitch M, Ray GT. Prescribing for different antibiotic classes across age groups in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population in association with influenza incidence, 2010-2018. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e180. [PMID: 36285506 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268822001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on the volume of antibiotic prescribing that is influenza-associated, resulting from influenza infections and their complications (such as streptococcal pharyngitis). We estimated that for the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population during 2010-2018, 3.4% (2.8%-4%) of all macrolide prescriptions (fills), 2.7% (2.3%-3.2%) of all aminopenicillin prescriptions, 3.1% (2.4%-3.9%) of all 3rd generation cephalosporins prescriptions, 2.2% (1.8%-2.6%) of all protected aminopenicillin prescriptions and 1.3% (1%-1.6%) of all quinolone prescriptions were influenza-associated. The corresponding proportions were higher for select age groups, e.g. 4.3% of macrolide prescribing in ages over 50 years, 5.1% (3.3%-6.8%) of aminopenicillin prescribing in ages 5-17 years and 3.3% (1.9%-4.6%) in ages <5 years was influenza-associated. The relative contribution of influenza to antibiotic prescribing for respiratory diagnoses without a bacterial indication in ages over 5 years was higher than the corresponding relative contribution to prescribing for all diagnoses. Our results suggest a modest benefit of increasing influenza vaccination coverage for reducing prescribing for the five studied antibiotic classes, particularly for macrolides in ages over 50 years and aminopenicillins in ages <18 years, and the potential benefit of other measures to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for respiratory diagnoses with no bacterial indication, both of which may contribute to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance.
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Fulgenzio C, Massari M, Traversa G, Da Cas R, Ferrante G, Aschbacher R, Moser V, Pagani E, Vestri AR, Massidda O, Kurotschka PK. Impact of Prior Antibiotic Use in Primary Care on Escherichia coli Resistance to Third Generation Cephalosporins: A Case-Control Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040451. [PMID: 33923682 PMCID: PMC8073604 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Research is lacking on the reversibility of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Thus, we aimed to determine the influence of previous antibiotic use on the development and decay over time of third generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistance of E. coli. Using the database of hospital laboratories of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/Bozen (Italy), anonymously linked to the database of outpatient pharmaceutical prescriptions and the hospital discharge record database, this matched case-control study was conducted including as cases all those who have had a positive culture from any site for 3GC resistant E. coli (3GCREC) during a 2016 hospital stay. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. 244 cases were matched to 1553 controls by the date of the first isolate. Male sex (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10–2.01), older age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.21), the number of different antibiotics taken in the previous five years (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08–1.33), at least one antibiotic prescription in the previous year (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.36–2.71), and the diagnosis of diabetes (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08–2.30) were independent risk factors for 3GCREC colonization/infection. Patients who last received an antibiotic prescription two years or three to five years before hospitalization showed non-significant differences with controls (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.68–1.38 and OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.59–1.24), compared to an OR of 1.92 (95% CI 1.36–2.71) in those receiving antibiotics in the year preceding hospitalization. The effect of previous antibiotic use on 3GC-resistance of E. coli is highest after greater cumulative exposure to any antibiotic as well as to 3GCs and in the first 12 months after antibiotics are taken and then decreases progressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fulgenzio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Postgraduate School of Medical Statistics and Biometry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.V.)
| | - Marco Massari
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Traversa
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.T.); (R.D.C.)
- Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Da Cas
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Ferrante
- Azienda Ospedaliera, Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Richard Aschbacher
- Health Service of Bolzano/Bozen Province, 39100 Bolzano/Bozen, Italy; (R.A.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Verena Moser
- Health Service of Bolzano/Bozen Province, 39100 Bolzano/Bozen, Italy; (R.A.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Health Service of Bolzano/Bozen Province, 39100 Bolzano/Bozen, Italy; (R.A.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Anna Rita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Postgraduate School of Medical Statistics and Biometry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.V.)
| | - Orietta Massidda
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy;
| | - Peter Konstantin Kurotschka
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Octavia S, Chew KL, Lin RTP, Teo JWP. Whole genome sequencing of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul for elucidating the mechanisms of resistance to third generation cephalosporins. Pathology 2021; 53:768-772. [PMID: 33840533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the number of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul observed in Singapore in 2015-2016 in humans was accompanied by increased resistance to third generation cephalosporins. We aimed to understand the genetic mechanisms contributing to this resistance. Whole genome sequencing using MiSeq was performed on 49 S. Saintpaul isolates collected between 2014-2016. Nanopore sequencing was also performed in an attempt to obtain a full genome of the plasmids. All but one S. Saintpaul isolates sequenced belonged to a single sequence type based on an in silico 7-gene multi-locus sequence typing scheme suggesting a clonal lineage. In total 27/49 were resistant to third generation cephalosporins as confirmed by the broth microdilution method; the resistance was due to the presence of either blaCTX-M-55 (n=23), blaCTX-M-27 (n=1) or blaCMY-2 (n=3) carried on a plasmid. Two isolates were also found to carry the mcr-1 gene on a different plasmid. Our study showed that all S. Saintpaul isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins carried either blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27 or blaCMY-2 on a plasmid. Continuous monitoring of Salmonella serovars is warranted to track the potential spread of these plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Octavia
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.
| | - Ka Lip Chew
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jeanette W P Teo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Islam MA, Amin MB, Roy S, Asaduzzaman M, Islam MR, Navab-Daneshmand T, Mattioli MC, Kile ML, Levy K, Julian TR. Fecal Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Among Healthy Infants in Rural Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:640. [PMID: 31001224 PMCID: PMC6454046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Third generation cephalosporins (3GC) are one of the main choices for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Due to their overuse, an increasing trend of resistance to 3GC has been observed in developing countries. Here, we describe fecal colonization of 3GC-resistant (3GCr) Escherichia coli in healthy infants (1–12 months old) living in rural areas of Bangladesh. We found that stool samples of 82% of infants (n = 100) were positive for 3GCr E. coli with a mean ± standard deviation of 6.21 ± 1.32 log10 CFU/g wet weight of stool. 3GCr E. coli encompasses an average one third (33%) of the total E. coli of stool. Almost 77% (n = 63) of these 3GCr E. coli were MDR (or resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics). Around 90% (n = 74) of 3GCr E. coli were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing in which blaCTX–M–group–1 was the predominant (96%, n = 71) ESBL-gene followed by blaTEM (41%, n = 30) and blaOXA–1 (11%, n = 8). A significant proportion (26.5%, n = 22) of 3GCr E. coli was pathogenic, comprising two types, enteroaggregative (EAEC, n = 19) and enteropathogenic (EPEC, n = 3). Colonization of 3GCr E. coli in infant guts was not associated with demographic characteristics such as age, sex, mode of delivery, maternal and infant antibiotic use, disease morbidity, and feeding practices. The high rate of colonization of 3GCr E. coli in infants’ guts is a serious public health concern which needs immediate attention and warrants further studies to explore the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Mohammed Badrul Amin
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Muhammad Asaduzzaman
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Md Rayhanul Islam
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Tala Navab-Daneshmand
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mia Catharine Mattioli
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Molly L Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Karen Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Timothy R Julian
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Thi Quynh Nhi L, Thanh Tuyen H, Duc Trung P, Do Hoang Nhu T, Duy PT, Hao CT, Thi Thanh Nhan N, Vi LL, Thi Diem Tuyet H, Thi Thuy Tien T, Van Vinh Chau N, Khanh Lam P, Thwaites G, Baker S. Excess body weight and age associated with the carriage of fluoroquinolone and third-generation cephalosporin resistance genes in commensal Escherichia coli from a cohort of urban Vietnamese children. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1457-1466. [PMID: 30113307 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are a well-established global health issue. We aimed to assess the prevalence of and epidemiological factors associated with the carriage of ciprofloxacin- and ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli and associated resistance genes in a cohort of 498 healthy children residing in urban Vietnam. METHODOLOGY We cultured rectal swabs onto MacConkey agar supplemented with resistant concentrations of ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Additionally, we screened meta-E. coli populations by conventional PCR to detect plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)- and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes. We measured the associations between phenotypic/genotypic resistance and demographic characteristics using logistic regression.Results/Key findings. Ciprofloxacin- and ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli were cultured from the faecal samples of 67.7 % (337/498) and 80.3 % (400/498) of children, respectively. The prevalence of any associated resistance marker in the individual samples was 86.7 % (432/498) for PMQR genes and 90.6 % (451/498) for β-lactamase genes. Overweight children were significantly more likely to carry qnr genes than children with lower weight-for-height z-scores [odds ratios (OR): 1.24; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 10.5-1.48 for each unit increase in weight for height; P=0.01]. Additionally, younger children were significantly more likely to carry ESBL CTX-M genes than older children (OR: 0.97, 95 % CI: 0.94-0.99 for each additional year, P=0.01). CONCLUSION The carriage of genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance is highly prevalent among E. coli in healthy children in the community in Vietnam. Future investigations on the carriage of antimicrobial resistant organisms in LMICs should focus on the progression of carriage from birth and structure of the microbiome in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Quynh Nhi
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 2University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thanh Tuyen
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Duc Trung
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Do Hoang Nhu
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thanh Duy
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chung The Hao
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Nhan
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lu Lan Vi
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Phung Khanh Lam
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy Thwaites
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 5Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- 1The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 6The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- 5Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Hiki M, Shimizu Y, Kawanishi M, Ozawa M, Abo H, Kojima A, Koike R, Suzuki S, Asai T, Hamamoto S. Evaluation of the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftiofur and third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:716-720. [PMID: 28613139 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717713794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To enable future comparison of the antimicrobial susceptibility data between bacteria obtained from animals and humans, it is necessary to compare the relationships between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of veterinary and human medicine. We evaluated the relationship between the MIC of ceftiofur (CTF) and the MICs of other third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs): cefotaxime (CTX), cefpodoxime (CPDX), and ceftazidime (CAZ), determined by the broth microdilution method using 118 cefazolin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals. Using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria, very major classification errors were observed only in CAZ (17.8%, 21 of 118); major and minor errors were observed in all TGCs (CTX: 0.8% [1 of 118] and 9.3% [11 of 118]; CPDX: 9.3% [11 of 118] and 6.8% [8 of 118]; CAZ: 2.5% [3 of 118] and 9.3% [11 of 118], respectively). The Spearman correlation coefficients between the MICs of CTF and CTX, CPDX, and CAZ were 0.765, 0.731, and 0.306, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity values were 100.0% and 81.8% for CTX, 99.0% and 27.3% for CPDX, and 76.0% and 86.4% for CAZ compared with CTF. The C-statistic was 0.978 for CTF and CTX, 0.953 for CPDX, and 0.798 for CAZ. For the TGCs evaluated in our study, testing for CTX susceptibility results showed the highest correlation with the results given when testing for CTF susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Hiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Yasuhito Shimizu
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Hitoshi Abo
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Akemi Kojima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Ryoji Koike
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Satowa Suzuki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
| | - Shuichi Hamamoto
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Hiki, Shimizu, Kawanishi, Ozawa, Kojima, Koike, Hamamoto)
- Department of Research and Development, Tempstaff Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (Abo)
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Suzuki)
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Asai)
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8
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Padmini N, Ajilda AAK, Sivakumar N, Selvakumar G. Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: critical tools for antibiotic resistance pattern. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:460-470. [PMID: 28397262 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a phenomenon where by an organism becomes fully or partially resistant to drugs or antibiotics being used against it. Antibiotic resistance poses an exacting intimidation for people with underlying medical immune conditions or weakened immune systems. Infections caused by the enzyme extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing multi drug resistance (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to a broad range of beta lactams, including third generation cephalosporins. Among all the pathogens, these two MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae have emerged as one of the world's greatest health threats in past two decades. The nosocomial infections caused by these ESBL producing MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae complicated the therapy and limit treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Padmini
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Natesan Sivakumar
- School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Selvakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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