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Fabre M, Beullier L, Sutter C, Kebritchi A, Chavet P, Simoneau M, Toupet M, Blouin J, Mouchnino L. Cortical facilitation of somatosensory inputs using gravity-related tactile information in humans with vestibular hypofunction. J Neurophysiol 2023. [PMID: 37314089 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00406.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A few years after their bilateral vestibular loss, patients usually show a motor repertoire that is almost back to normal. This recovery is thought to involve an up-regulation of the visual and proprioceptive information that compensates for the lack of vestibular information. Here, we investigated whether plantar tactile inputs, which provide body information relative to the ground and to the Earth-vertical, contribute to this compensation. More specifically, we tested the hypothesis that somatosensory cortex response to electric stimulation of the plantar sole in standing adults will be greater in humans (n = 10) with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (VH) than in an age-matched healthy group (n = 10). Showing significantly greater somatosensory evoked potentials (i.e., P1N1) in VH than in controls, the electroencephalographic recordings supported this hypothesis. Furthermore, we found evidence that increasing the differential pressure between both feet, by adding a 1 kg mass at each pendant wrist, enhanced the internal representation of body orientation and motion relative to a gravitational reference frame. The large decrease in alpha power in the right posterior parietal cortex (and not in the left) is in line with this assumption. Finally, behavioral analyses showed that trunk oscillations were smaller than head oscillations in VH and showed a reverse pattern for healthy participants. These findings are consistent with a tactile-based postural control strategy in the absence of vestibular input, and a vestibular-based control strategy in healthy participants where the head serves as a reference for balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fabre
- Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Beullier
- Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Sutter
- Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Marseille, France
| | - Amirreza Kebritchi
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS) du CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Chavet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS) du CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Canada
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Toupet
- IRON, Institut de Recherche en Oto-Neurologie, Paris, France
- Centre d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Oto-Neurologiques, Paris, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Marseille, France
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Deng Z, Qi H, Liu Y, Hu E. Design and Implementation of Opportunity Signal Perception Unit Based on Time-Frequency Representation and Convolutional Neural Network. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:7871. [PMID: 34883873 DOI: 10.3390/s21237871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The traditional signal of opportunity (SOP) positioning system is equipped with dedicated receivers for each type of signal to ensure continuous signal perception. However, it causes a low equipment resources utilization and energy waste. With increasing SOP types, problems become more serious. This paper proposes a new signal perception unit for SOP positioning systems. By extracting the perception function from the positioning system and operating independently, the system can flexibly schedule resources and reduce waste based on the perception results. Through time-frequency joint representation, time-frequency image can be obtained which provides more information for signal recognition, and is difficult for traditional single time/frequency-domain analysis. We also designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) for signal recognition and a negative learning method to correct the overfitting to noisy data. Finally, a prototype system was built using USRP and LabVIEW for a 2.4 GHz frequency band test. The results show that the system can effectively identify Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee signals at the same time, and verified the effectiveness of the proposed signal perception architecture. It can be further promoted to realize SOP perception in almost full frequency domain, and improve the integration and resource utilization efficiency of the SOP positioning system.
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Dyball A, Xu Rattanasone N, Ibrahim R, Sharma M. Alpha synchronisation of acoustic responses in active listening is indicative of native language listening experience. Int J Audiol 2021; 61:490-499. [PMID: 34237224 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1941326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the effect of language experience on auditory evoked and oscillatory brain responses to lexical tone in passive (ACC) and active (P300) listening conditions. DESIGN Language experience was evaluated using two groups, Mandarin- vs. English-listeners (with vs. without lexical tone experience). Two Mandarin lexical tones with pitch movement (T2 rising; T3 dipping) produced on the syllable /ba/ were used as stimuli. For passive listening, each tone was presented in a block. For active listening, each tone was the standard (80%) or deviant (20%) presented in two blocks. Presentation order was counterbalanced across participants in both tasks. STUDY SAMPLE 10 adult Mandarin-listeners and 13 Australian-English-listeners contributed to the data. RESULTS Both global field power (GFP) and time frequency analysis (TFA) failed to detect group differences in passive listening conditions for the ACC response. In contrast, the active listening condition revealed significant group differences for T2. GFP showed a trending significance with larger GFP (less consistent responses) in English- than Mandarin-listeners. TFA showed significantly higher alpha synchronisation (more focussed attention) for Mandarin- compared to English-listeners. CONCLUSIONS Acoustic responses to speech is influenced by language experience but only during active listening, suggesting that focussed attention is linked to higher level language processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Dyball
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nan Xu Rattanasone
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Language Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Multilingualism Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ronny Ibrahim
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mridula Sharma
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Arnal-Real C, Mahmoudzadeh M, Manoochehri M, Nourhashemi M, Wallois F. What Triggers the Interictal Epileptic Spike? A Multimodal Multiscale Analysis of the Dynamic of Synaptic and Non-synaptic Neuronal and Vascular Compartments Using Electrical and Optical Measurements. Front Neurol 2021; 12:596926. [PMID: 33643187 PMCID: PMC7907164 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.596926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interictal spikes (IISs) may result from a disturbance of the intimate functional balance between various neuronal (synaptic and non-synaptic), vascular, and metabolic compartments. To better characterize the complex interactions within these compartments at different scales we developed a simultaneous multimodal-multiscale approach and measure their activity around the time of the IIS. We performed such measurements in an epileptic rat model (n = 43). We thus evaluated (1) synaptic dynamics by combining electrocorticography and multiunit activity recording in the time and time-frequency domain, (2) non-synaptic dynamics by recording modifications in light scattering induced by changes in the membrane configuration related to cell activity using the fast optical signal, and (3) vascular dynamics using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and, independently but simultaneously to the electrocorticography, the changes in cerebral blood flow using diffuse correlation spectroscopy. The first observed alterations in the measured signals occurred in the hemodynamic compartments a few seconds before the peak of the IIS. These hemodynamic changes were followed by changes in coherence and then synchronization between the deep and superficial neural networks in the 1 s preceding the IIS peaks. Finally, changes in light scattering before the epileptic spikes suggest a change in membrane configuration before the IIS. Our multimodal, multiscale approach highlights the complexity of (1) interactions between the various neuronal, vascular, and extracellular compartments, (2) neural interactions between various layers, (3) the synaptic mechanisms (coherence and synchronization), and (4) non-synaptic mechanisms that take place in the neuronal network around the time of the IISs in a very specific cerebral hemodynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Arnal-Real
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mana Manoochehri
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mina Nourhashemi
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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León-Bejarano F, Méndez MO, Ramírez-Elías MG, Alba A. Improved Vancouver Raman Algorithm Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition for Denoising Biological Samples. Appl Spectrosc 2019; 73:1436-1450. [PMID: 31411494 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819860121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel method based on the Vancouver Raman algorithm (VRA) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for denoising Raman spectra of biological samples is presented. The VRA is one of the most used methods for denoising Raman spectroscopy and is composed of two main steps: signal filtering and polynomial fitting. However, the signal filtering step consists in a simple mean filter that could eliminate spectrum peaks with small intensities or merge relatively close spectrum peaks into one single peak. Thus, the result is often sensitive to the order of the mean filter, so the user must choose it carefully to obtain the expected result; this introduces subjectivity in the process. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a new algorithm, namely the modified-VRA (mVRA) with the following improvements: (1) to replace the mean filter step by EMD as an adaptive parameter-free signal processing method; and (2) to automate the selection of polynomial degree. The denoising capabilities of VRA, EMD, and mVRA were compared in Raman spectra of artificial data based on Teflon material, synthetic material obtained from vitamin E and paracetamol, and biological material of human nails and mouse brain. The correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to compare the performance of the methods. For the artificial Raman spectra, the denoised signal obtained by mVRA (ρ>0.91) outperforms VRA (ρ>0.86) for moderate to high noise levels whereas mVRA outperformed EMD (ρ>0.90) for high noise levels. On the other hand, when it comes to modeling the underlying fluorescence signal of the samples (i.e., the baseline trend), the proposed method mVRA showed consistent results (ρ>0.94). For Raman spectra of synthetic material, good performance of the three methods (ρ=0.99 for VRA, ρ=0.93 for EMD, and ρ=0.99 for mVRA) was obtained. Finally, in the biological material, mVRA and VRA showed similar results (ρ=0.96 for VRA, ρ=0.85 for EMD, and ρ=0.91 for mVRA); however, mVRA retains valuable information corresponding to relevant Raman peaks with small amplitude. Thus, the application of EMD as a filter in the VRA method provides a good alternative for denoising biological Raman spectra, since the information of the Raman peaks is conserved and parameter tuning is not required. Simultaneously, EMD allows the baseline correction to be automated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola León-Bejarano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Martin O Méndez
- Laboratorio Nacional CI3M, Facultad de Ciencias & CICSaB, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Miguel G Ramírez-Elías
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Alfonso Alba
- Laboratorio Nacional CI3M, Facultad de Ciencias & CICSaB, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
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Bourel-Ponchel E, Mahmoudzadeh M, Adebimpe A, Wallois F. Functional and Structural Network Disorganizations in Typical Epilepsy With Centro-Temporal Spikes and Impact on Cognitive Neurodevelopment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:809. [PMID: 31555191 PMCID: PMC6727184 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (ECTS) is the most common form of self-limited focal epilepsy. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which ECTS induces neuropsychological impairment in 15-30% of affected children remain unclear. The objective of this study is to review the current state of knowledge concerning the brain structural and functional changes that may be involved in cognitive dysfunctions in ECTS. Structural brain imaging suggests the presence of subtle neurodevelopmental changes over the epileptogenic zone and over distant regions in ECTS. This structural remodeling likely occurs prior to the diagnosis and evolves over time, especially in patients with cognitive impairment, suggesting that the epileptogenic processes might interfere with the dynamics of the brain development and/or the normal maturation processes. Functional brain imaging demonstrates profound disorganization accentuated by interictal epileptic spikes (IES) in the epileptogenic zone and in remote networks in ECTS. Over the epileptogenic zone, the literature demonstrates changes in term of neuronal activity and synchronization, which are effective several hundred milliseconds before the IES. In the same time window, functional changes are also observed in bilateral distant networks, notably in the frontal and temporal lobes. Effective connectivity demonstrates that the epileptogenic zone constitutes the key area at the origin of IES propagation toward distant cortical regions, including frontal areas. Altogether, structural and functional network disorganizations, in terms of: (i) power spectral values, (ii) functional and effective connectivity, are likely to participate in the cognitive impairment commonly reported in children with ECTS. These results suggest a central and causal role of network disorganizations related to IES in the neuropsychological impairment described in ECTS children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bourel-Ponchel
- INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- INSERM UMR 1105, EFSN Pediatric, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- INSERM UMR 1105, EFSN Pediatric, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- INSERM UMR 1105, EFSN Pediatric, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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Ma J, Yang Z, Shi Z, Zhang X, Liu C. Application and Optimization of Wavelet Transform Filter for North-Seeking Gyroscope Sensor Exposed to Vibration. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19163624. [PMID: 31434313 PMCID: PMC6720483 DOI: 10.3390/s19163624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional wavelet transform (WT) filters have less effect on de-noising and correction of a north-seeking gyroscope sensor exposed to vibration, since the optimal wavelet decomposed level for de-noising is difficult to determine. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an optimized WT filter which is suited to the magnetic levitation gyroscope (GAT). The proposed method was tested on an equivalent mock-up network of the tunnels associated with the Hong Kong‒Zhuhai‒Macau Bridge. The gyro-observed signals exposed to vibration were collected in our experiment, and the empirical values of the optimal wavelet decomposed levels (from 6 to 10) for observed signals were constrained and validated by the high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network. The result shows that the lateral breakthrough error of the tunnel was reduced from 12.1 to 3.8 mm with a ratio of 68.7%, which suggests that the method is able to correct the abnormal signal of a north-seeking gyroscope sensor exposed to vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Zhen Shi
- School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
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Fang Q, Mahmoud SS, Yan J, Li H. An Investigation on the Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Human Electrocardiograms (ECGs). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:E1171. [PMID: 27886102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For this investigation, we studied the effects of extremely low frequency pulse electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) on the human cardiac signal. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 22 healthy volunteers before and after a short duration of ELF-PEMF exposure were recorded. The experiment was conducted under single-blind conditions. The root mean square (RMS) value of the recorded data was considered as comparison criteria. We also measured and analysed four important ECG time intervals before and after ELF-PEMF exposure. Results revealed that the RMS value of the ECG recordings from 18 participants (81.8% of the total participants) increased with a mean value of 3.72%. The increase in ECG voltage levels was then verified by a second experimental protocol with a control exposure. In addition to this, we used hyperbolic T-distributions (HTD) in the analysis of ECG signals to verify the change in the RR interval. It was found that there were small shifts in the frequency-domain signal before and after EMF exposure. This shift has an influence on all frequency components of the ECG signals, as all spectrums were shifted. It is shown from this investigation that a short time exposure to ELF-PEMF can affect the properties of ECG signals. Further study is needed to consolidate this finding and discover more on the biological effects of ELF-PEMF on human physiological processes.
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is the hallmark of classical type II diabetes. In addition, insulin resistance plays a central role in metabolic syndrome, which astonishingly affects 1 out of 3 adults in North America. The insulin resistance state can precede the manifestation of diabetes and hypertension by years. Insulin resistance is correlated with a low-grade inflammatory condition, thought to be induced by obesity as well as other conditions. Currently, the methods to measure and monitor insulin resistance, such as the homeostatic model assessment and the euglycemic insulin clamp, can be impractical, expensive, and invasive. Abundant evidence exists that relates increased pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and vascular dysfunction with insulin resistance. We introduce a potential method of assessing insulin resistance that relies on a novel signal-processing algorithm, the intrinsic frequency method (IFM). The method requires a single pulse pressure wave, thus the term " wave biopsy."
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Petrasek
- Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Niema M Pahlevan
- Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA Huntington Memorial Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Tavallali
- Applied and Computational Mathematics, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Derek G Rinderknecht
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA
| | - Morteza Gharib
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA
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Mochalina N, Juhlin T, Öhlin B, Carlson J, Holmqvist F, Platonov PG. Predictors of successful cardioversion with vernakalant in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2014; 20:140-7. [PMID: 25040826 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernakalant is a novel atrial-selective antiarrhythmic drug able to convert recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) with reportedly low proarrhythmic risk. Successful cardioversion predictors are largely unknown. We sought to evaluate clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of cardioversion of recent-onset AF with vernakalant. METHODS Consecutive patients with AF ≤48 hours admitted for cardioversion with vernakalant (n = 113, median age 62 years, 69 male) were included. Sinus rhythm (SR) within 90 minutes after infusion start was considered to be successful cardioversion. Predictive values of demographics, concomitant therapy, comorbidities, and electrocardiographic parameters were assessed. Atrial fibrillatory rate (AFR), exponential decay, and mean fibrillatory wave amplitude were measured from surface ECG using QRST cancellation and time-frequency analysis. RESULTS Cardioversion was achieved in 66% of patients. Conversion rate was higher in women than in men (80% vs 58%, P = 0.02) while none of other clinical characteristics, including index AF episode duration, could predict SR restoration. Female gender was predictive of vernakalant's effect in logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.82 95%CI 1.18-6.76, P = 0.020). There was no difference in AFR (350 ± 60 vs 348 ± 62 fibrillations per minute [fpm], P = 0.893), mean fibrillatory wave amplitude (86 ± 33 vs 88 ± 67 μV, P = 0.852), or exponential decay (1.30 ± 0.42 vs 1.35 ± 0.42, P = 0.376) between responders and nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS Female gender is associated with a higher rate of SR restoration using intravenous (i.v.) vernakalant for recent-onset AF. ECG-derived indices of AF organization, which previous studies associated with effect of rhythm control interventions, did not predict vernakalant's effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mochalina
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Jeng YN, Yang TM, Lee SY. Response identification in the extremely low frequency region of an electret condenser microphone. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 11:623-37. [PMID: 22346594 PMCID: PMC3274121 DOI: 10.3390/s110100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that a small electret condenser microphone connected to a notebook or a personal computer (PC) has a prominent response in the extremely low frequency region in a specific environment. It confines most acoustic waves within a tiny air cell as follows. The air cell is constructed by drilling a small hole in a digital versatile disk (DVD) plate. A small speaker and an electret condenser microphone are attached to the two sides of the hole. Thus, the acoustic energy emitted by the speaker and reaching the microphone is strong enough to actuate the diaphragm of the latter. The experiments showed that, once small air leakages are allowed on the margin of the speaker, the microphone captured the signal in the range of 0.5 to 20 Hz. Moreover, by removing the plastic cover of the microphone and attaching the microphone head to the vibration surface, the low frequency signal can be effectively captured too. Two examples are included to show the convenience of applying the microphone to pick up the low frequency vibration information of practical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Nen Jeng
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70701, Taiwan.
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Shin YW, Krishnan G, Hetrick WP, Brenner CA, Shekhar A, Malloy FW, O'Donnell BF. Increased temporal variability of auditory event-related potentials in schizophrenia and Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Schizophr Res 2010; 124:110-8. [PMID: 20817485 PMCID: PMC3009463 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that deficits in neural synchronization and temporal integration are characteristic of schizophrenia. These phenomena have been rarely studied in SPD, which shares phenomenological and genetic similarities with schizophrenia. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained using an auditory oddball task from 21 patients with schizophrenia, 19 subjects with SPD and 19 healthy control subjects. Inter-trial coherence (ITC) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) were measured across trials to target tones using time-frequency analysis. ITC measures phase locking or consistency, while ERSP measures changes in power relative to baseline activity. P300 latency and amplitude were also measured from the averaged ERP to target tones. In the time-frequency analysis, subjects with SPD showed intact power but a deficit in the ITC in delta and theta frequencies compared to control subjects. Patients with schizophrenia showed deficits for both ERSP and ITC in the delta and theta frequencies. While patients with schizophrenia showed reduced P300 amplitude and delayed latency for averaged ERPs, subjects with SPD did not differ from either group. Synchronization or timing abnormalities may represent a biomarker for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and contribute to aberrant perceptual and cognitive integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wook Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202,Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University School of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea, 138–736
| | - Giri Krishnan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - William P. Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, 2601 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222-2273
| | - Colleen A. Brenner
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, B.C. Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, 2601 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222-2273
| | - Frederick W. Malloy
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, 2601 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222-2273
| | - Brian F. O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1111 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, 2601 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN 46222-2273
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