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Liu B, Liu Z, Men S, Li Y, Ding Z, He J, Zhao Z. Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging Technology and Its Applications for Detecting and Mapping the Seafloor: A Review. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4962. [PMID: 32887344 DOI: 10.3390/s20174962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Common methods of ocean remote sensing and seafloor surveying are mainly carried out by airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral imagers. However, the water column hinders the propagation of sunlight to deeper areas, thus limiting the scope of observation. As an emerging technology, underwater hyperspectral imaging (UHI) is an extension of hyperspectral imaging technology in air conditions, and is undergoing rapid development for applications in shallow and deep-sea environments. It is a close-range, high-resolution approach for detecting and mapping the seafloor. In this paper, we focus on the concepts of UHI technology, covering imaging systems and the correction methods of eliminating the water column’s influence. The current applications of UHI, such as deep-sea mineral exploration, benthic habitat mapping, and underwater archaeology, are highlighted to show the potential of this technology. This review can provide an introduction and overview for those working in the field and offer a reference for those searching for literature on UHI technology.
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Delaere C, Capriles JM, Stanish C. Underwater ritual offerings in the Island of the Sun and the formation of the Tiwanaku state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8233-8. [PMID: 30936312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820749116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable debate surrounds the economic, political, and ideological systems that constitute primary state formation. Theoretical and empirical research emphasize the role of religion as a significant institution for promoting the consolidation and reproduction of archaic states. The Tiwanaku state developed in the Lake Titicaca Basin between the 5th and 12th centuries CE and extended its influence over much of the south-central Andes of South America. We report on recent discoveries from the first systematic underwater archaeological excavations in the Khoa Reef near the Island of the Sun, Bolivia. The depositional context and compositional properties of offerings consisting of ceramic feline incense burners, killed juvenile llamas, and sumptuary metal, shell, and lapidary ornaments allow us to reconstruct the structure and significance of cyclically repeated state rituals. Using new theoretical tools, we explain the role of these rituals in promoting the consolidation of the Tiwanaku polity.
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Edwards HGM, Elkin D, Maier MS. Raman spectroscopic analysis of archaeological specimens from the wreck of HMS Swift, 1770. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2016.0053. [PMID: 27799436 PMCID: PMC5095530 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Specimens from underwater archaeological excavations have rarely been analysed by Raman spectroscopy probably due to the problems associated with the presence of water and the use of alternative techniques. The discovery of the remains of the Royal Navy warship HMS Swift off the coast of Patagonia, South America, which was wrecked in 1770 while undertaking a survey from its base in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, has afforded the opportunity for a first-pass Raman spectroscopic study of the contents of several glass jars from a wooden chest, some of which had suffered deterioration of their contents owing to leakage through their stoppers. From the Raman spectroscopic data, it was possible to identify organic compounds such as anthraquinone and copal resin, which were empirically used as materia medica in the eighteenth century to treat shipboard diseases; it seems very likely, therefore, that the wooden chest belonged to the barber-surgeon on the ship. Spectra were obtained from the wet and desiccated samples, but several samples from containers that had leaked were found to contain only minerals, such as aragonite and sediment.This article is part of the themed issue 'Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howell G M Edwards
- Division of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Dolores Elkin
- CONICET, Programa de Arqueologia Subacuatica, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, 3 de Febrero 1378 (1426), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta S Maier
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, (C1428EGA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Halligan JJ, Waters MR, Perrotti A, Owens IJ, Feinberg JM, Bourne MD, Fenerty B, Winsborough B, Carlson D, Fisher DC, Stafford TW, Dunbar JS. Pre-Clovis occupation 14,550 years ago at the Page-Ladson site, Florida, and the peopling of the Americas. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600375. [PMID: 27386553 PMCID: PMC4928949 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stone tools and mastodon bones occur in an undisturbed geological context at the Page-Ladson site, Florida. Seventy-one radiocarbon ages show that ~14,550 calendar years ago (cal yr B.P.), people butchered or scavenged a mastodon next to a pond in a bedrock sinkhole within the Aucilla River. This occupation surface was buried by ~4 m of sediment during the late Pleistocene marine transgression, which also left the site submerged. Sporormiella and other proxy evidence from the sediments indicate that hunter-gatherers along the Gulf Coastal Plain coexisted with and utilized megafauna for ~2000 years before these animals became extinct at ~12,600 cal yr B.P. Page-Ladson expands our understanding of the earliest colonizers of the Americas and human-megafauna interaction before extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi J. Halligan
- Department of Anthropology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.J.H.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Michael R. Waters
- Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.J.H.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Angelina Perrotti
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ivy J. Owens
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- The Charles McBurney Laboratory for Geoarchaeology, Division of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Joshua M. Feinberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark D. Bourne
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brendan Fenerty
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - David Carlson
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daniel C. Fisher
- Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - James S. Dunbar
- Aucilla Research Institute Inc., 555 North Jefferson Street, Monticello, FL 32344, USA
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Drap P, Merad D, Hijazi B, Gaoua L, Nawaf MM, Saccone M, Chemisky B, Seinturier J, Sourisseau JC, Gambin T, Castro F. Underwater Photogrammetry and Object Modeling: A Case Study of Xlendi Wreck in Malta. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:30351-84. [PMID: 26690147 PMCID: PMC4721723 DOI: 10.3390/s151229802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a photogrammetry-based approach for deep-sea underwater surveys conducted from a submarine and guided by knowledge-representation combined with a logical approach (ontology). Two major issues are discussed in this paper. The first concerns deep-sea surveys using photogrammetry from a submarine. Here the goal was to obtain a set of images that completely covered the selected site. Subsequently and based on these images, a low-resolution 3D model is obtained in real-time, followed by a very high-resolution model produced back in the laboratory. The second issue involves the extraction of known artefacts present on the site. This aspect of the research is based on an a priori representation of the knowledge involved using systematic reasoning. Two parallel processes were developed to represent the photogrammetric process used for surveying as well as for identifying archaeological artefacts visible on the sea floor. Mapping involved the use of the CIDOC-CRM system (International Committee for Documentation (CIDOC)-Conceptual Reference Model)-This is a system that has been previously utilised to in the heritage sector and is largely available to the established scientific community. The proposed theoretical representation is based on procedural attachment; moreover, a strong link is maintained between the ontological description of the modelled concepts and the Java programming language which permitted 3D structure estimation and modelling based on a set of oriented images. A very recently discovered shipwreck acted as a testing ground for this project; the Xelendi Phoenician shipwreck, found off the Maltese coast, is probably the oldest known shipwreck in the western Mediterranean. The approach presented in this paper was developed in the scope of the GROPLAN project (Généralisation du Relevé, avec Ontologies et Photogrammétrie, pour l'Archéologie Navale et Sous-marine). Financed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) for four years, this project associates two French research laboratories, an industrial partner, the University of Malta, and Texas A & M University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Drap
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université De Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296,13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Djamal Merad
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université De Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296,13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Bilal Hijazi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université De Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296,13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Lamia Gaoua
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université De Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296,13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Mohamad Motasem Nawaf
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université De Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296,13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Mauro Saccone
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université De Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296,13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Bertrand Chemisky
- COMEX, COmpanie Maritime d'EXpertise 36 boulevard des Océans, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Julien Seinturier
- COMEX, COmpanie Maritime d'EXpertise 36 boulevard des Océans, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Sourisseau
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, CCJ UMR 7299, 13094 Aix En Provence, France.
| | - Timmy Gambin
- Archaeology Centre (Car Park 6), University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta.
| | - Filipe Castro
- Ship Reconstruction Laboratory 4352 TAMU, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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O'Shea JM, Lemke AK, Sonnenburg EP, Reynolds RG, Abbott BD. A 9,000-year-old caribou hunting structure beneath Lake Huron. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:6911-5. [PMID: 24778246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404404111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the most pivotal questions in human history necessitate the investigation of archaeological sites that are now under water. Nine thousand years ago, the Alpena-Amberley Ridge (AAR) beneath modern Lake Huron was a dry land corridor that connected northeast Michigan to southern Ontario. The newly discovered Drop 45 Drive Lane is the most complex hunting structure found to date beneath the Great Lakes. The site and its associated artifacts provide unprecedented insight into the social and seasonal organization of prehistoric caribou hunting. When combined with environmental and simulation studies, it is suggested that distinctly different seasonal strategies were used by early hunters on the AAR, with autumn hunting being carried out by small groups, and spring hunts being conducted by larger groups of cooperating hunters.
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