Is decision-making based on the internet during pregnancy a predictive factor for vaccine hesitancy in pregnant women during the pandemic?

Pregnant women frequently use the Internet to get information, and the information they receive is effective in their decision-making. It is known that pregnant women get information about COVID-19 vaccines from the Internet. This study aims to determine whether decision-making based on Internet sources during pregnancy is a predictive factor for vaccine hesitancy in pregnant women during the pandemic. A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used. The data were collected by using an online survey instrument. There was a positive, moderate, and significant relationship between the self-efficacy perception sub-dimension of the internet decision-making during pregnancy scale and the risk sub-dimension of the vaccine hesitancy in pandemics scale (r: .584, p < .05) and between the self-control sub-dimension of the internet decision-making during pregnancy scale and the risk sub-dimension of the vaccine hesitancy in pandemics scale (r: .546, p < .05). The perception of self-control (β: .291) affected the lack of confidence, and the perception of self-efficacy (β: .481) affected the risk perception more than other variables. There was a relationship between internet decision-making and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in pregnant women. Health professionals, information specialists, and librarians should orient people to reliable sources about vaccines.

The association between adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination and anxiety and willingness to receive a booster dose

Many countries have initiated a booster dose for COVID-19 vaccination. However, little is known about the association between adverse events to vaccination and individual psychological status and willingness to receive the booster dose. From December 1, 2021 to February 1, 2022, 474 participants answered a questionnaire in a university town in China, and information about previous adverse events, anxiety status, and vaccination intention were collected. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with willingness to receive booster dose of vaccine. Previous adverse events, such as pain at the injection site, fatigue, muscle pain and headache were associated with anxiety of the participants. About 76.2% of the participants were willing to receive booster dose of vaccine. However, adverse event was not associated with their willingness to receive the booster dose. Participants with age ≤25 were less willing to receive the booster dose, although the association was not statistically significant in the multivariable model. In conclusion, the adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination were associated with psychology status of the vaccinated people. It is still necessary to strengthen the public education on COVID-19 vaccination to improve the vaccination willingness of people, especially among the young people.

Vaccination hesitation in children under five years of age: a scoping review

OBJECTIVES

to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors.

METHODS

a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles.

RESULTS

misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons.

CONCLUSIONS

strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.

The Effect of Anticipated Regret on Flu Vaccination Campaigns

The anticipation of regret is known to be a primary motivator of receiving a vaccination. Aim of this study is to evaluate whether the use of messages that leverage the anticipated emotion of regret can increase the intention to get the flu vaccination. The participants (N = 110) randomly received a leaflet containing a standard prevention message (control condition) or message modified to induce the anticipation of regret over not being vaccinated (experimental condition), along with a questionnaire. The experimental condition's participants reported significantly higher levels of regret and higher intention to vaccinate than the participants in the control condition. Anticipated regret resulted to be a significant mediator of the intention to get vaccinated. Manipulating the salience of regret appears to be a simple and inexpensive way of effectively promoting preventive behaviour. The implications of this result for reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitation are discussed.

Megastudies: A New Approach to Reducing Vaccine Hesitation Worldwide

Vaccine hesitancy is a considerable obstacle to achieving vaccine protection worldwide. There needs to be more evidence-based research for interventions for vaccine hesitancy. Existing effectiveness evaluations are limited to one particular hypothesis, and no studies have compared the effectiveness of different interventions. A megastudy takes a large-scale, multi-intervention, uniform participant and the same evaluation criteria approach to evaluate many interventions simultaneously and find the most effective ones. Therefore, megastudies can help us find the most effective interventions for vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, considering the complex causes of vaccine hesitancy, we design interventions that involve social factors in megastudies. Lastly, quality control and justice are critical issues for megastudies in the future.

The impact of vaccine hesitation on the intentions to get COVID-19 vaccines: The use of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model

Object

During the later period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public has been at risk of the evolving COVID-19 variants and hesitated to be vaccinated against COVID-19 to a certain extent. In this context, the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behavior model (TPB) were used to compare and summarize the relationship between vaccine hesitation/non-hesitation and the intentions to get COVID-19 vaccines and its influencing factors.

Methods

The cross-sectional, population-based online survey was conducted from 14 April to 30 April 2021, and 1757 respondents were recruited to participate in the survey through the Wenjuanxing online survey platform. The HBM and TPB covariate scores were expressed using means and standard deviations and compared between groups using t-tests. Backward multiple linear regression models were used to explore the factors influencing the public's intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccines.

Results

This study found that educational background is one of the factors influencing vaccine hesitation. Most people with high education do not hesitate (65.24%), while a more significant proportion of people with low education have vaccine hesitation (66.00%). According to HBM, for the vaccine hesitation group, self-efficacy, family advice, and doctor's advice were the most critical factors affecting the public's future vaccination intentions; for the vaccine non-hesitation group, self-efficacy, doctor's advice, and perceived benefits are the most important influencing factors. According to the TPB, the subjective norm is the most critical factor affecting the future vaccination intention of the vaccine hesitation group, and the attitude toward behavior is the most critical factor affecting the future vaccination intention of the vaccine non-hesitation group.

Conclusions

In the context of COVID-19, the public's hesitation on the "current" vaccines will still affect future vaccination intentions. Using HBM and TPB would help health policymakers and healthcare providers formulate intervention plans.

Uptake of COVID-19 booster shot among healthcare workers: A mediation analysis approach

Since the thrust of previous research investigations has been on people's willingness to get immunized against the COVID-19 infection, the underpinning principle of compliance has received very little attention. Addressing the possible drivers and mechanisms influencing vaccine acceptance may provide significant insights for limiting the pandemic. In response, we intend to investigate the influence of decision regret and the consequences of post-vaccination adverse effects on the inclination to undertake booster shots. An electronic survey that was self-administered was conducted in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The questionnaire was completed by 1,369 participants, with a response rate of 41%. 1,343 of them (98.10%) had received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccination. Besides, the present research has also adopted a mediation model. Our findings demonstrate that unfavorable vaccination responses in healthcare workers significantly affect their likelihood of receiving booster shots. Interestingly, healthcare workers who had adverse experiences after being immunized were more prone to regret their prior immunization decisions, which in response affected their decision to get a booster shot. The motivation to receive the booster dosage and adverse post-vaccination responses were mediated by decision regret. The outcomes suggested indissociable connections between unfavorable vaccination responses, decision regret, and the likelihood of receiving a booster shot. To strengthen immunization acceptance intent and enhance the likelihood of receiving COVID-19 booster shots, it is recommended that awareness of these post-vaccination adverse events be extensively integrated into immunization awareness programs and policy measures supporting booster doses.

Nursing students and COVID-19 vaccination. ESitA Study An Observational Study

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Vaccine hesitancy is an important problem in terms of health policy. This historical moment leads us to wonder if vaccine hesitancy is also present among nursing students who should be particularly sensitive to the subject Methods: Between February 10 to February 17 2021, 1080 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing in the Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Perugia, were invited to reply to an online questionnaire sent to their university email accounts.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

A certain amount of vaccination hesitancy was detected among the students in our study. It can be assumed that the issues surrounding the AstraZeneca vaccine, which occurred at the start of the vaccination campaign, may have led to an increase in people's hesitancy. Boosting vaccination campaigns, including appropriate use of social media, may lead to greater acceptance. Also, it would be useful to assess the cultural basis of the recent anti-Vax controversy, particularly for students of nursing or other health professions, who should be able to evaluate, source and recognize the most validated data.

Attitudes to Being Vaccinated Against COVID-19: A Survey of People With Epilepsy in China

Objective: We conducted a survey to assess vaccination coverage, vaccination willingness, and variables associated with vaccination hesitancy to provide evidence on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination strategies.

Methods: This anonymous questionnaire study conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey of outpatients and inpatients with epilepsy (PWE) registered in epilepsy clinics, in 2021, in 10 hospitals in seven cities of Shandong Province.

Results: A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 557 valid questionnaires were returned. A total of 130 people were vaccinated against COVID-19. Among 427 unvaccinated participants, 69.32% (296/427) were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the future, and the remaining 30.68% (131/427) were unwilling to receive vaccination. Most (89.9%) of the participants believed that the role of vaccination was crucial in response to the spread of COVID-19. A significant association was found between willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and the following variables: age, marital status, level of education, occupation, residence, seizure type, and seizure control after antiepileptic drug therapy. It is noteworthy that education level, living in urban areas, and seizure freedom were significantly related to willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusions: Vaccination is a key measure for the prevention and control of COVID-19, and most PWE are willing to be vaccinated. Vaccine safety, effectiveness, and accessibility are essential in combatting vaccine hesitation and increasing vaccination rates.

Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale

Objective

This study was planned to adapt the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale to Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability.

Material and Methods

This research was conducted methodologically. The sample of the study consisted of 317 individuals from the patient relatives in the waiting rooms, who have children between the ages 9-16, who applied to the Suleyman Demirel University Hospital policlinic in December 2019. A questionnaire developed by the researcher and the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale were used as data collection tools.

Results

Explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis methods were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. In the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin coefficient was 0.897 and the Bartlett test's chi-square value was 1319.67 and the result was significant (P <0.001). Considering the factor loads of the items, it varies between 0.608 and 0.845. As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was seen that the scale consists of two factors. This finding is consistent with the original form of the scale. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.86.

Conclusion

As a result of the validity and reliability analysis, the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale was found to be a valid and reliable scale for the Turkish society, which consists of 9 items and 2 sub-dimensions.

Faster than warp speed: early attention to COVD-19 by anti-vaccine groups on Facebook

Background

The unprecedented rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has faced SARS-CoV- (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy, which is partially fueled by the misinformation and conspiracy theories propagated by anti-vaccine groups on social media. Research is needed to better understand the early COVID-19 anti-vaccine activities on social media.

Methods

This study chronicles the social media posts concerning COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines by leading anti-vaccine groups (Dr Tenpenny on Vaccines, the National Vaccine Information Center [NVIC] the Vaccination Information Network [VINE]) and Vaccine Machine in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (February–May 2020).

Results

Analysis of 2060 Facebook posts showed that anti-vaccine groups were discussing COVID-19 in the first week of February 2020 and were specifically discussing COVID-19 vaccines by mid-February 2020. COVID-19 posts by NVIC were more widely disseminated and showed greater influence than non-COVID-19 posts. Early COVID-19 posts concerned mistrust of vaccine safety and conspiracy theories.

Conclusion

Major anti-vaccine groups were sowing seeds of doubt on Facebook weeks before the US government launched its vaccine development program ‘Operation Warp Speed’. Early anti-vaccine misinformation campaigns outpaced public health messaging and hampered the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines.