1
|
Kent ML, Murray KN, Hobbs MR, Weiss LM, Spagnoli ST, Sanders JL. Intranuclear inclusions consistent with a Nucleospora sp. in a lymphoid lesion in a laboratory zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). J Fish Dis 2021; 44:107-112. [PMID: 33098687 PMCID: PMC7924166 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Maurine R. Hobbs
- Centralized Zebrafish Animal Resource, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Sean T. Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin L. Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Llarena-Reino M, Abollo E, Pascual S. Microsporidians xenomas of anglerfish from NE Atlantic waters. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1587-1598. [PMID: 28548703 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of emergent visible parasites at commercial valuable fish species is increasingly causing problems at fisheries and seafood industries. Microsporidians have been previously reported to appear forming apparent xenomas complexes in anglerfish species, but no effort has been carried out to simultaneously integrate epidemiological data, phenotypic, genotypic and fine structural characterizations in the same parasite sample. In this work, specimens of Lophius budegassa and Lophius piscatorius from NE Atlantic waters were sampled and examined to provide information about specific site of infection and demographic data of two groups of different sizes of xenomas present at both fish species. Histological descriptions and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were carried out on fresh spores of Lophius budegassa for ultrastructural studies. In both types of xenomas, it was observed simultaneously the microsporidian genus Spraguea in the form of two different types of spores. Molecular analyses of both xenomas from the two fish species, based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene, were also performed to genetically support the morphological diagnostic provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Llarena-Reino
- Ecobiomar, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- CESAM & Department of Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Abollo
- Centro Tecnológico del Mar (Fundación CETMAR), Vigo, Spain
| | - S Pascual
- Ecobiomar, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding ZF, Chen JQ, Lin J, Zhu XS, Xu GH, Wang RL, Meng QG, Wang W. Development of In situ hybridization and real-time PCR assays for the detection of Hepatospora eriocheir, a microsporidian pathogen in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:919-927. [PMID: 27859349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A microsporidian parasite, Hepatospora eriocheir, is an emerging pathogen for the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Currently, there is scant information about the way it transmits infection in the crustacean of commercial importance, including its pathogenesis, propagation and infection route in vivo. In this study, chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were developed to address this pressing need, and we provided an advance in the detection methods available. Pathogens can be seen in situ with associated lesions using ISH. Positive hybridization signals were noted inside the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas, and putative free parasite spores were observed within the tubule lumen, which were associated with lesions detected by electron microscopy and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analysis. qPCR allows the determination of parasite loads in infected tissues, which is important for understanding disease progression and transmission. The hepatopancreas displayed the biggest statistical copy numbers among different tissues of infected crabs, confirming a tissue-specific pathogen infection characteristic. The qPCR assay also proved to be suitable for the diagnosis of asymptomatic carrier crabs. Combination of the two methods could facilitate the study of H. eriocheir infection mechanism in E. sinensis, enhance the early diagnosis of the pathogen and improve the management of microsporidian diseases in commercial crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z F Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Q Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - X S Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - G H Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - R L Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q G Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Futerman PH, Layen SJ, Kotzen ML, Franzen C, Kraaijeveld AR, Godfray HCJ. Fitness effects and transmission routes of a microsporidian parasite infecting Drosophila and its parasitoids. Parasitology 2005; 132:479-92. [PMID: 16318674 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005009339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A microsporidian infection was discovered in laboratory cultures of Drosophila species. Ultrastructural examination suggested it belonged to the poorly characterized species Tubulinosema kingi, and morphological and sequence data are presented. We explored how T. kingi affected the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura, as well as the fitness of 2 of their parasitoids, Asobara tabida and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae. In Drosophila, infections caused changes in most of the traits we looked at that were associated with fitness, in particular causing a 34-55% reduction in early-life fecundity. Parasitoid fitness was affected more severely by infection than that of their hosts, with pupal mortality in particular increasing by 75-89%. We investigated the most important routes of transmission for T. kingi in a laboratory setting. Letting Drosophila larvae feed on medium contaminated with spores from infected dead flies resulted in 100% infection. Low levels of transmission (<10%) were found between larvae, and vertically between mothers and their offspring. Parasitoids developing in infected hosts all became infected, but infected adults were neither able to transmit the pathogen to their offspring nor to their offspring's Drosophila host, either directly, or via contamination of the ovipositor or other body parts. A field survey of Drosophila and their parasitoids in southern England revealed no natural infections. We discuss the potential importance of Microsporidia in parasitoid-host interactions, and for those working with Drosophila in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Futerman
- NERC Centre for Population Biology, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The genus Brachiola is the newest microsporidian genus established for a human infection with the type species being B. vesicularum in skeletal muscle. Subsequently, the microsporidium, Nosema algerae, identified from mosquitoes, was added to this genus because of morphological and physiological similarities. The present report illustrates a confirmed case of Brachiola algerae infecting skeletal muscle in a 56-year-old woman who was being treated for rheumatoid arthritis with immunosuppressive drugs. In the following study, these two human-infecting microsporidian species are ultrastructurally compared from human biopsy tissue. Additionally, Brachiola algerae from mosquitoes as reference B. algerae, was grown in athymic mice and compared to the human isolate in vivo, and in culture. B. algerae is morphologically identical in the host situations presented and different from B. vesicularum in human skeletal muscle. B. algerae has a consistently, slightly longer spore that typically contains one row of polar filament coils, while B. vesicularum typically contains two rows of polar filament coils and occasionally, one or three rows. In proliferative development, B. vesicularum forms protoplasmic extensions which do not occur on B. algerae, nor have they been reported on any other microsporidium. This report demonstrates that B. vesicularum and B. algerae are two different species of Brachiola that infect human skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cali
- Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Warren Street, Smith Hall, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coyle CM, Weiss LM, Rhodes LV, Cali A, Takvorian PM, Brown DF, Visvesvara GS, Xiao L, Naktin J, Young E, Gareca M, Colasante G, Wittner M. Fatal myositis due to the microsporidian Brachiola algerae, a mosquito pathogen. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:42-7. [PMID: 15229306 PMCID: PMC3109631 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa032655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Coyle
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Spores of four species of microsporidia isolated from humans were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and specific biomarkers were found for each. The microsporidia analyzed included three species, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis and the fourth organism is the recently described Brachiola algerae. Whole spores, spore shells, and soluble fractions were applied directly to the MALDI target without further purification steps. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of both whole spores and soluble fractions of the four isolates revealed a group of unique, characteristic, and reproducible spectral markers in the mass range of 2,000-8,000 Da. Statistical analysis of the averaged centroided masses uncovered two distinct sets of unique peptides or biomarkers, one originated from whole spores and the other from soluble fractions, that can differentiate the four microsporidian species studied. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of whole organisms is a rapid, sensitive, and specific option to characterize microsporidian isolates and has the potential for several applications in parasitology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hercules Moura
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rinder H, Thomschke A, Dengjel B, Gothe R, Löscher T, Zahler M. Close genotypic relationship between Enterocytozoon bieneusi from humans and pigs and first detection in cattle. J Parasitol 2000; 86:185-8. [PMID: 10701590 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0185:cgrbeb]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The reservoirs and the routes of transmission of Enterocytozoon bieneusi are still unknown. In humans, it is the most commonly found microsporidial species. It has also been found repeatedly in pigs, too. The first detection of E. bieneusi in cattle is reported herein. Two distinct genotypes were characterized and compared with 4 other genotypes from humans, 6 from pigs, and 1 from a cat. From these 13 E. bieneusi genotypes known to date, 25 polymorphic sites could be identified in the internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene. The spectrum of polymorphisms within and between each of the 4 host species indicates a close relationship between E. bieneusi strains from humans and pigs, whereas those from cattle are more distantly related. The data suggest the absence of a transmission barrier between pigs and humans for this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rinder
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|