1
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Janik AJ, Whipps CM. Differences in susceptibility to Mycobacterium chelonae in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) lines commonly used in scientific research. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:435-443. [PMID: 34905233 PMCID: PMC8828697 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is one of the most common diseases encountered in laboratory zebrafish. These infections can present a problem to researchers using zebrafish because they may introduce unknown experimental variables. Whilst differences in severity of infections between species of Mycobacterium infecting zebrafish have been well documented, little is known about differences in susceptibility between zebrafish lines. Previous surveys have found higher prevalence in the TU zebrafish line relative to other lines, suggesting that there may be underlying genetic differences in susceptibility. This study investigates Mycobacterium chelonae H1E2-GFP infections in four different zebrafish lines commonly used in research (AB, 5D, casper and TU). Fish were exposed to a labelled (green-fluorescent protein (GFP)) strain of M. chelonae by intraperitoneal injection, and infection status was evaluated after 10 weeks. Visualization of GFP in euthanized fish and histology were used as endpoints. In GFP images, severity was assessed by image analysis, and in histological sections, counts of granulomas containing acid-fast bacteria were used. Results indicated differences in severity of infections between lines, but no significant differences in prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Janik
- SUNY-ESF, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Environmental and Forest Biology, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Christopher M Whipps
- SUNY-ESF, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Environmental and Forest Biology, Syracuse, NY, USA
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2
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Ventura Fernandes BH, Caetano da Silva C, Bissegato D, Kent ML, Carvalho LR. Rederivation of a mutant line (prop 1) of zebrafish Danio rerio infected with Pseudoloma neurophilia using in vitro fertilization with eggs from pathogen-free wild-type (AB) females and sperm from prop 1 males. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:35-39. [PMID: 34525219 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the growing number of laboratories that work with zebrafish (Danio rerio), it is necessary to have animals with good sanitary quality. Specific pathogens can interfere with the experimental results and in the life quality of the animals. Pseudoloma neurophilia is a parasite with high potential for interference in behavioural, morphology, toxicological and genetic research, and is very common in zebrafish facilities. With that, we implemented a protocol for the pathogen elimination in a genetically modified lineage (prop 1) using eggs from specific pathogen-free (SPF) wild-type fish (AB line) for in vitro fertilization, along with water recirculation equipment disinfection, appropriate PCR screening and back crossing protocols. This resulted in SPF prop 1 heterozygotes, which allowed us to move forward with subsequent crossings to develop homozygote prop 1 mutants for our research. Hence, this demonstrates a useful strategy for an individual research laboratory to rederive a specific mutant free line that is not available from other SPF laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca H Ventura Fernandes
- Centro de Bioterismo da Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Endocrinology discipline, internal medicine department Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Caetano da Silva
- Endocrinology discipline, internal medicine department Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Inserm U1132 and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Debora Bissegato
- Centro de Bioterismo da Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael L Kent
- Departments of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Luciani R Carvalho
- Centro de Bioterismo da Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Endocrinology discipline, internal medicine department Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Kent ML, Murray KN, Hobbs MR, Weiss LM, Spagnoli ST, Sanders JL. Intranuclear inclusions consistent with a Nucleospora sp. in a lymphoid lesion in a laboratory zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). J Fish Dis 2021; 44:107-112. [PMID: 33098687 PMCID: PMC7924166 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Maurine R. Hobbs
- Centralized Zebrafish Animal Resource, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Sean T. Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin L. Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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4
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Schaaf RM, Sharpton TJ, Murray KN, Kent AD, Kent ML. Retrospective analysis of the Zebrafish International Resource Center diagnostic data links Pseudocapillaria tomentosa to intestinal neoplasms in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). J Fish Dis 2020; 43:1459-1462. [PMID: 32892418 PMCID: PMC7924165 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Russel M. Schaaf
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Katrina N. Murray
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, Oregon
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5
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Kent M, Sanders J, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie C, Murray K. Review of diseases and health management in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in research facilities. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:637-650. [PMID: 32291793 PMCID: PMC7253333 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in biomedical research has expanded at a tremendous rate over the last two decades. Along with increases in laboratories using this model, we are discovering new and important diseases. We review here the important pathogens and diseases based on some 20 years of research and findings from our diagnostic service at the NIH-funded Zebrafish International Resource Center. Descriptions of the present status of biosecurity programmes and diagnostic and treatment approaches are included. The most common and important diseases and pathogens are two parasites, Pseudoloma neurophilia and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, and mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae, M. marinum and M. haemophilum. Less common but deadly diseases are caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Hepatic megalocytosis and egg-associated inflammation and fibroplasia are common, apparently non-infectious, in zebrafish laboratories. Water quality diseases include supersaturation and nephrocalcinosis. Common neoplasms are spindle cell sarcomas, ultimobranchial tumours, spermatocytic seminomas and a small-cell carcinoma that is caused by a transmissible agent. Despite the clear biosecurity risk, researchers continue to use fish from pet stores, and here, we document two novel coccidia associated with significant lesions in zebrafish from one of these stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - J.L. Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - S. Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - C.E. Al-Samarrie
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - K.N. Murray
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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6
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Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of diseases and health management in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in research facilities. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:637-650. [PMID: 32291793 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in biomedical research has expanded at a tremendous rate over the last two decades. Along with increases in laboratories using this model, we are discovering new and important diseases. We review here the important pathogens and diseases based on some 20 years of research and findings from our diagnostic service at the NIH-funded Zebrafish International Resource Center. Descriptions of the present status of biosecurity programmes and diagnostic and treatment approaches are included. The most common and important diseases and pathogens are two parasites, Pseudoloma neurophilia and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, and mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae, M. marinum and M. haemophilum. Less common but deadly diseases are caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Hepatic megalocytosis and egg-associated inflammation and fibroplasia are common, apparently non-infectious, in zebrafish laboratories. Water quality diseases include supersaturation and nephrocalcinosis. Common neoplasms are spindle cell sarcomas, ultimobranchial tumours, spermatocytic seminomas and a small-cell carcinoma that is caused by a transmissible agent. Despite the clear biosecurity risk, researchers continue to use fish from pet stores, and here, we document two novel coccidia associated with significant lesions in zebrafish from one of these stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - J L Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - S Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - C E Al-Samarrie
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - K N Murray
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, Oregon
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7
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Rakus K, Adamek M, Mojżesz M, Podlasz P, Chmielewska-Krzesińska M, Naumowicz K, Kasica-Jarosz N, Kłak K, Rakers S, Way K, Steinhagen D, Chadzińska M. Evaluation of zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:923-934. [PMID: 30920010 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a laboratory model organism used in different areas of biological research including studies of immune response and host-pathogen interactions. Thanks to many biological tools available, zebrafish becomes also an important model in aquaculture research since several fish viral infection models have been developed for zebrafish. Here, we have evaluated the possible use of zebrafish to study infections with fish viruses that have not yet been tested on this model organism. In vitro studies demonstrated that chum salmon reovirus (CSV; aquareovirus A) and two alloherpesviruses cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) are able to replicate in zebrafish cell lines ZF4 and SJD.1. Moreover, CSV induced a clear cytopathic effect and up-regulated the expression of antiviral genes vig-1 and mxa in both cell lines. In vivo studies demonstrated that both CSV and CyHV-3 induce up-regulation of vig-1 and mxa expression in kidney and spleen of adult zebrafish after infection by i.p. injection but not in larvae after infection by immersion. CyHV-3 is eliminated quickly from fish; therefore, virus clearing process could be evaluated, and in CSV-infected fish, a prolonged confrontation of the host with the pathogen could be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Mojżesz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chmielewska-Krzesińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Naumowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Kasica-Jarosz
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kłak
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Rakers
- Working Group Aquatic Cell Technology and Aquaculture, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Keith Way
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, UK
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Magdalena Chadzińska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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8
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Jaramillo ML, Pereira AG, Davico CE, Nezzi L, Ammar D, Müller YMR, Nazari EM. Evaluation of reference genes for reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays in organs of zebrafish exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide, Roundup. Animal 2018; 12:1424-1434. [PMID: 29173213 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Roundup is a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) widely used in agriculture and may cause toxic effects in non-target organisms. Model organisms, as zebrafish, and analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) could be used to better understand the Roundup toxicity. A prerequisite for RT-qPCR is the availability of appropriate reference genes; however, they have not been described for Roundup-exposed fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression stability of six reference genes (rpl8, β-act, gapdh, b2m, ef1α, hprt1) and one expressed repetitive element (hatn10) in organs of males (brain, gill, testis) and females (ovary) of zebrafish exposed to Roundup WG at three concentrations (0.065, 0.65 and 6.5 mg N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine/l) for 7 days. Genes were ranked by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta C t and RefFinder, and their best combinations were determined by geNorm and NormFinder programs. The two most stable ranked genes were specific to each organ: gill (β-act; rpl8); brain (rpl8; β-act); testis (ef1α; gapdh); and ovary (rpl8; hprt1). The cat transcript level was used to evaluate the effect of normalization with these reference genes. These are the first suitable reference genes described for the analysis of gene expression in organs of Roundup-exposed zebrafish, and will allow investigations of the molecular mechanisms of Roundup toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Jaramillo
- 1Departamento de Biologia Celular,Embriologia e Genética,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,88040-900 Florianópolis,Santa Catarina,Brazil
| | - A G Pereira
- 1Departamento de Biologia Celular,Embriologia e Genética,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,88040-900 Florianópolis,Santa Catarina,Brazil
| | - C E Davico
- 1Departamento de Biologia Celular,Embriologia e Genética,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,88040-900 Florianópolis,Santa Catarina,Brazil
| | - L Nezzi
- 1Departamento de Biologia Celular,Embriologia e Genética,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,88040-900 Florianópolis,Santa Catarina,Brazil
| | - D Ammar
- 1Departamento de Biologia Celular,Embriologia e Genética,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,88040-900 Florianópolis,Santa Catarina,Brazil
| | - Y M R Müller
- 1Departamento de Biologia Celular,Embriologia e Genética,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,88040-900 Florianópolis,Santa Catarina,Brazil
| | - E M Nazari
- 1Departamento de Biologia Celular,Embriologia e Genética,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,88040-900 Florianópolis,Santa Catarina,Brazil
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9
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Easwaran M, Dananjaya SHS, Park SC, Lee J, Shin HJ, De Zoysa M. Characterization of bacteriophage pAh-1 and its protective effects on experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:841-846. [PMID: 27454188 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Easwaran
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S C Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
| | - H-J Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - M De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
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10
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Kulatunga DCM, Dananjaya SHS, Park BK, Kim CH, Lee J, De Zoysa M. First report of Fusarium oxysporum species complex infection in zebrafish culturing system. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:485-494. [PMID: 27451953 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) is a highly diverse fungus. Recently, F. oxysporum infection was identified from zebrafish (Danio rerio) culturing system in Korea. Initially, a rapid whitish smudge was appeared in the water with the fungal blooming on walls of fish tanks. Microscopic studies were conducted on fungal hyphae, colony pigmentation and chlamydospore formation and the presence of macro- and microspores confirmed that the isolated fungus as F. oxysporum. Furthermore, isolated F. oxysporum was confirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequencing which matched (100%) to nine F. oxysporum sequences available in GenBank. Experimental hypodermic injection of F. oxysporum into adult zebrafish showed the development of fungal mycelium and pathogenicity similar to signs observed. Histopathologic results revealed a presence of F. oxysporum hyphae in zebrafish muscle. Fusarium oxysporum growth was increased with sea salt in a concentration-dependent manner. Antifungal susceptibility results revealed that F. oxysporum is resistant to copper sulphate (up to 200 μg mL-1 ) and sensitive to nystatin (up to 40 μg mL-1 ). This is the first report of FOSC from zebrafish culture system, suggesting it appears as an emerging pathogen, thus posing a significant risk on zebrafish facilities in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C M Kulatunga
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - B K Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C-H Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
| | - M De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
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