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Ji L, Wei J, Zhang R, Zhang X, Gao Y, Fang M, Yu Z, Cao L, Gao Y, Li M. Bushen Formula promotes the decrease of HBsAg levels in patients with CHB by regulating Tfh cells and B-cell subsets. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118072. [PMID: 38508431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Formula (BSF) is the effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) according to our previous researches. However, the special effectiveness of BSF treating CHB patients in different stages and the immunoregulatory mechanisms remain to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY To compare the therapeutic effects of BSF in both treatment-naive patients and Peg-IFN-α-treated patients, and explore the potential mechanism of immunomodulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field-orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometry and the TCMSP database were used to determine the main components of BSF. Two hundred and sixty-six patients were enrolled in the retrospective study, and they were divided into the treatment group (T-Group, BSF plus Peg-IFN-α) and the control group (C-Group, Peg-IFN-α monotherapy). Within each group, patients were further grouped into subgroups, namely T1/C1 groups (treatment-naive patients, T1 = 34, C1 = 94) and T2/C2 groups (Peg-IFN-α-treated patients, T2 = 56, C2 = 82). Serum HBV markers, serum HBV DNA levels, serum ALT/AST and TCM symptoms were obtained from the record. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to obtain the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms of BSF treating CHB patients. Among patients in T2 and C2 group, peripheral mononuclear cells from 36 patients were used to analyze the characteristics of peripheral follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and B-cell subtypes by flow cytometry. Preparation of BSF-containing serum in rats. In vitro, the co-culture system of CXCR5+ cells and HepG2.2.15 cells was built to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of BSF. RESULTS A total of 14 main active compounds were detected in BSF, which were deemed critical for the treatment of CHB. Our findings indicated that the T2-Group exhibited the higher percentage of HBsAg decline ≥ 1-log10 IU/ml and rate of HBeAg seroclearance compared to the C2-Group (35.7% vs. 15.9%, P = 0.033; 33.9% vs. 11.0%, P = 0.002). Additionally, the T2-Group demonstrated the higher percentage of HBsAg decline ≥ 1-log10 IU/ml and rate of HBeAg seroclearance compared to the T1-Group (35.7% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.031; 33.9% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.000). The total effective rate based on TCM clinical syndrome in T1-Group and T2-Group were significantly greater than those in C1-Group and C2-Group (85.3% vs. 61.7%, P = 0.012; 89.1% vs. 63.4%, P = 0.000). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the immunoregulatory mechanisms of BSF treating CHB patients were mainly linked to the growth and stimulation of B-cell, T-cell differentiation, and the signaling pathway of the B-cell receptor. Furthermore, the frequencies of Tfh cells and its IL-21 level, and the IL-21R expressed by B-cell were all increased after BSF treatment. Additionally, in the co-culture system of CXCR5+ cells and HepG2.2.15 cells, HBsAg and HBeAg levels were decreased after BSF-containing serum treatment,as well as the up-regulating of Tfh cell frequencies and down-regulating of B-cell frequencies. CONCLUSIONS BSF have the higher percentage of HBsAg decline and HBeAg seroclearance in Peg-IFN-α-treated patients compared with treatment-naive patients. The potential immunoregulatory mechanism may correlate with promoting the interaction between Tfh cells and B-cell through IL-21/IL-21R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longshan Ji
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinghan Wei
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Miao Fang
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Man Li
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wang H, Lan L, Wang J, Chen J, Xiao L, Han F. Alterations of B-Cell subsets in Peripheral Blood from Adult Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. Immunol Lett 2024; 266:106838. [PMID: 38278305 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by specific antibodies. However, the underlying mechanisms by which lymphocytes promote the development of MN remain poorly understood. This study aims to determine the changes of B-cell subsets and their clinical significance in MN patients. METHODS We included a cohort of 21 idiopathic MN patients with new onset or a relapse, 19 healthy controls (HCs) and 10 patients with minimal change disease (MCD). Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to assess the B-cell infiltration in renal biopsy tissues and peripheral blood, respectively. RESULTS Idiopathic MN patients (including new-onset and relapse groups) had lower percentages of marginal-zone B (MZB) and non-switched memory B cells, and higher percentages of plasmablasts than HCs (P < 0.01). Particularly, the new-onset group had lower percentages of switched memory B cells and MZB cells, and higher percentages of Naïve B cells than HCs (P<0.05). Interestingly, the percentage of plasmablasts was significantly correlated with urine protein to creatinine ratio, serum albumin, IgG, anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor antibody level and age in MN patients (P < 0.05). MN with Ehrenreich-Churg stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ had a lower median percentage of MZB and non-switched memory B cells, while a higher median percentage of plasmablasts than those in MN patients with stage Ehrenreich-Churg I (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Idiopathic MN patients had specific changes in B-cell subsets proportions in peripheral blood. Further studies are needed to precisely determine the roles of B-cell subsets in MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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El Mahdaoui S, Hansen MM, von Essen MR, Hvalkof VH, Holm Hansen R, Mahler MR, Jennum P, Sellebjerg F, Romme Christensen J. CD11c + B cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and effects of anti-CD20 therapy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:926-937. [PMID: 38332555 PMCID: PMC11021659 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES B cells are important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. It is yet unknown which subsets may be involved, but atypical B cells have been proposed as mediators of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated differences in B-cell subsets between controls and patients with untreated and anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis. METHODS We recruited 155 participants for an exploratory cohort comprising peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and a validation cohort comprising peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to characterize B-cell phenotypes and effector functions of CD11c+ atypical B cells. RESULTS There were no differences in circulating B cells between controls and untreated multiple sclerosis. As expected, anti-CD20-treated patients had a markedly lower B-cell count. Of B cells remaining after treatment, we observed higher proportions of CD11c+ B cells and plasmablasts. CD11c+ B cells were expanded in cerebrospinal fluid compared to peripheral blood in controls and untreated multiple sclerosis. Surprisingly, the proportion of CD11c+ cerebrospinal fluid B cells was higher in controls and after anti-CD20 therapy than in untreated multiple sclerosis. Apart from the presence of plasmablasts, the cerebrospinal fluid B-cell composition after anti-CD20 therapy resembled that of controls. CD11c+ B cells demonstrated a high potential for both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production. INTERPRETATION The study demonstrates that CD11c+ B cells and plasmablasts are less efficiently depleted by anti-CD20 therapy, and that CD11c+ B cells comprise a phenotypically and functionally distinct, albeit heterogenous, B-cell subset with the capacity of exerting both proinflammatory and regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahla El Mahdaoui
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
| | - Marie Mathilde Hansen
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
| | - Marina Rode von Essen
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
| | - Victoria Hyslop Hvalkof
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
| | - Rikke Holm Hansen
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
| | - Mie Reith Mahler
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
| | - Poul Jennum
- Department of NeurologyDanish Center for Sleep Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2200Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2200Denmark
| | - Jeppe Romme Christensen
- Department of NeurologyDanish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletGlostrup2600Denmark
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Lee H, Shin K, Lee Y, Lee S, Lee S, Lee E, Kim SW, Shin HY, Kim JH, Chung J, Kwon S. Identification of B cell subsets based on antigen receptor sequences using deep learning. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342285. [PMID: 38576618 PMCID: PMC10991714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell receptors (BCRs) denote antigen specificity, while corresponding cell subsets indicate B cell functionality. Since each B cell uniquely encodes this combination, physical isolation and subsequent processing of individual B cells become indispensable to identify both attributes. However, this approach accompanies high costs and inevitable information loss, hindering high-throughput investigation of B cell populations. Here, we present BCR-SORT, a deep learning model that predicts cell subsets from their corresponding BCR sequences by leveraging B cell activation and maturation signatures encoded within BCR sequences. Subsequently, BCR-SORT is demonstrated to improve reconstruction of BCR phylogenetic trees, and reproduce results consistent with those verified using physical isolation-based methods or prior knowledge. Notably, when applied to BCR sequences from COVID-19 vaccine recipients, it revealed inter-individual heterogeneity of evolutionary trajectories towards Omicron-binding memory B cells. Overall, BCR-SORT offers great potential to improve our understanding of B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseob Shin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tompa A, Faresjö M. Shift in the B cell subsets between children with type 1 diabetes and/or celiac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:36-44. [PMID: 38134245 PMCID: PMC10929695 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to characterize the pattern of B cell subsets in children with a combined diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (C) since children with single or double diagnosis of these autoimmune diseases may differ in peripheral B cell subset phenotype patterns. B cells were analyzed with flow cytometry for the expression of differentiation/maturation markers to identify transitional, naive, and memory B cells. Transitional (CD24hiCD38hiCD19+) and memory Bregs (mBregs; CD24hiCD27+CD19+, CD1d+CD27+CD19+, and CD5+CD1d+CD19+) were classified as B cells with regulatory capacity. Children with a combined diagnosis of T1D and C showed a pattern of diminished peripheral B cell subsets. The B cells compartment in children with combined diagnosis had higher percentages of memory B subsets and Bregs, including activated subsets, compared to children with either T1D or C. Children with combined diagnosis had a lower percentage of naive B cells (CD27-CD19+; IgD+CD19+) and an increased percentage of memory B cells (CD27+CD19+; IgD-CD19+). A similar alteration was seen among the CD39+ expressing naive and memory B cells. Memory Bregs (CD1d+CD27+CD19+) were more frequent, contrary to the lower percentage of CD5+ transitional Bregs in children with a combined diagnosis. In children with either T1D or C, the peripheral B cell compartment was dominated by naive cells. Differences in the pattern of heterogeneous peripheral B cell repertoire subsets reflect a shifting in the B cell compartment between children with T1D and/or C. This is an immunological challenge of impact on the pathophysiology of these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tompa
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Division of Diagnostics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Faresjö
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wu P, Song Y, Chen Z, Xia J, Zhou Y. Changes of B cell subsets in different types of diabetes and its effect on the progression of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Endocrine 2024; 83:624-635. [PMID: 37755622 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental abnormalities in B cells is one of the key players in autoimmune diabetes, but little is known about its role in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This study aimed to investigate the distribution of B cell subsets in different types of diabetes and to analyze their correlations with other biochemical parameters. METHODS A total of 140 participants were prospectively enrolled from January 2021 to December 2022. Diabetes-related autoantibodies and laboratory indicators were tested. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the percentage of circulating B cell subsets and T follicular cells. The correlation of B cell subsets with different indicators was assessed by Spearman's correlation method. RESULTS We observed that the Naïve phenotype cells tended to be less frequent in patients with diabetes than in healthy controls. The frequency of plasmablasts (PB) and Breg cell-related phenotype (B10) were significantly higher in LADA. Notably, the percentage of PB was positively associated with levels of islet cell antibody (ICA) and insulin autoantibody (IAA), but inversely associated with fasting C-peptide (FCP), further indicating that PB may promote the destruction of β-cell in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that patients with LADA had significantly altered frequencies of B cell subsets, particularly in the naïve to memory B cell ratio. Our study provided valuable information on the distribution characteristics of B cell subsets in LADA and suggested the feasibility of B-cell targeted therapy in LADA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yingxiang Song
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Lin'an Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311311, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang province, No.182 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310063, China.
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Huang X, An X, Gao X, Wang N, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qi G, Zhang C. Serum amyloid A facilitates expansion of CD4 + T cell and CD19 + B cell subsets implicated in the severity of myasthenia gravis patients. J Neurochem 2024; 168:224-237. [PMID: 38214332 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a clinically useful inflammatory marker involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to explore the SAA levels in a cohort of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) in relation to disease-related clinical parameters and myasthenic crisis (MC) and elucidate the effects of SAA on immune response. A total of 82 MG patients including 50 new-onset MG patients and 32 MC patients were enrolled in this study. Baseline data and laboratory parameters of all enrolled MG patients were routinely recorded through electronic medical systems. SAA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. CD4+ T and CD19+ B cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitro, human recombinant SAA (Apo-SAA) was applied to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MG patients to observe the effect on T and B cell differentiation. Our results indicated that SAA levels in new-onset MG patients were higher than those in controls and were positively correlated with QMG score, MGFA classification, plasmablast cells, IL-6, and IL-17 levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that SAA levels were increased in generalized MG (GMG) patients than in ocular MG (OMG), as well as elevated in late-onset MG (LOMG) than in early-onset MG (EOMG) and higher in MGFA III/IV compared with MGFA I/II. The ROC curve demonstrated that SAA showed good diagnostic value for MC, especially when combined with NLR. In vitro, Apo-SAA promoted the Th1 cells, Th17 cells, plasmablast cells, and plasma cells differentiation in MG PBMCs. The present findings suggested that SAA was increased in MG patients and promoted expansion of CD4+ T cell and CD19+ B cell subsets, which implicated in the severity of MG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueting An
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyan Qi
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis Hebei Province, First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Serebrovskaya EO, Bryushkova EA, Lukyanov DK, Mushenkova NV, Chudakov DM, Turchaninova MA. Toolkit for mapping the clonal landscape of tumor-infiltrating B cells. Semin Immunol 2024; 72:101864. [PMID: 38301345 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Our current understanding of whether B cell involvement in the tumor microenvironment benefits the patient or the tumor - in distinct cancers, subcohorts and individual patients - is quite limited. Both statements are probably true in most cases: certain clonal B cell populations contribute to the antitumor response, while others steer the immune response away from the desired mechanics. To step up to a new level of understanding and managing B cell behaviors in the tumor microenvironment, we need to rationally discern these roles, which are cumulatively defined by B cell clonal functional programs, specificities of their B cell receptors, specificities and isotypes of the antibodies they produce, and their spatial interactions within the tumor environment. Comprehensive analysis of these characteristics of clonal B cell populations is now becoming feasible with the development of a whole arsenal of advanced technical approaches, which include (1) methods of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics; (2) methods of massive identification of B cell specificities; (3) methods of deep error-free profiling of B cell receptor repertoires. Here we overview existing techniques, summarize their current application for B cells studies and propose promising future directions in advancing B cells exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Serebrovskaya
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Current position: Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - E A Bryushkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D K Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Mushenkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Unicorn Capital Partners, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Chudakov
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - M A Turchaninova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Sengupta S, Goswami D, Chakraborty B, Chaudhuri SJ, Ghosh MK, Chatterjee M. Status of B-Lymphocyte Subsets and Their Homing Markers in Patients With Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13031. [PMID: 38527908 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In visceral leishmaniasis, the Type II helper T cell predominance results in B cell modulation and enhancement of anti-leishmanial IgG. However, information regarding its dermal sequel, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), remains limited. Accordingly, this study aimed to elucidate the B cell-mediated antibody-dependent/independent immune profiles of PKDL patients. In the peripheral blood of PKDL patients, immunophenotyping of B cell subsets was performed by flow cytometry and by immunohistochemistry at lesional sites. The functionality of B cells was assessed in terms of skin IgG by immunofluorescence, while the circulating levels of B cell chemoattractants (CCL20, CXCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL19, CCL27, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) were evaluated by a multiplex assay. In patients with PKDL as compared with healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in pan CD19+ B cells. However, within the CD19+ B cell population, there was a significantly raised proportion of switched memory B cells (CD19+IgD-CD27+) and plasma cells (CD19+IgD-CD38+CD27+). This was corroborated at lesional sites where a higher expression of CD20+ B cells and CD138+ plasma cells was evident; they were Ki67 negative and demonstrated a raised IgG. The circulating levels of B cell chemoattractants were raised and correlated positively with lesional CD20+ B cells. The increased levels of B cell homing markers possibly accounted for their enhanced presence at the lesional sites. There was a high proportion of plasma cells, which accounted for the increased presence of IgG that possibly facilitated parasite persistence and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Deep Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Bidhan Chakraborty
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Surya Jyati Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Uluberia, Howrah, India
| | - Manab K Ghosh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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10
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Callahan D, Smita S, Joachim S, Hoehn K, Kleinstein S, Weisel F, Chikina M, Shlomchik M. Memory B cell subsets have divergent developmental origins that are coupled to distinct imprinted epigenetic states. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:562-575. [PMID: 38200277 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are phenotypically and functionally diverse, but their developmental origins remain undefined. Murine MBCs can be divided into subsets by expression of CD80 and PD-L2. Upon re-immunization, CD80/PD-L2 double-negative (DN) MBCs spawn germinal center B cells (GCBCs), whereas CD80/PD-L2 double-positive (DP) MBCs generate plasmablasts but not GCBCs. Using multiple approaches, including generation of an inducible GCBC-lineage reporter mouse, we demonstrate in a T cell-dependent response that DN cells formed independently of the germinal center (GC), whereas DP cells exhibited either extrafollicular (DPEX) or GCBC (DPGC) origins. Chromatin and transcriptional profiling revealed similarity of DN cells with an early memory precursor. Reciprocally, GCBC-derived DP cells shared distinct genomic features with GCBCs, while DPEX cells had hybrid features. Upon restimulation, DPEX cells were more prone to divide, while DPGC cells differentiated toward IgG1+ plasmablasts. Thus, MBC functional diversity is generated through distinct developmental histories, which imprint characteristic epigenetic patterns onto their progeny, thereby programming them for divergent functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Callahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Joachim
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florian Weisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Niu C, Sun S, Liu D. [Research progress of CD93 + B lymphocyte subsets in inflammation and inflammation related diseases]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 40:267-272. [PMID: 38512037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
CD93 is expressed in progenitor B (pro-B) cells, precursor B (pre-B) cells and various immature B cells. It can interact with moesin, MMRN2 and other molecules to participate in cell migration, adhesion and phagocytosis, so it plays an important role in inflammation and angiogenesis. Detection of CD93+ B cell subsets has a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis monitoring of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases, such as Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis, sepsis, non-obese diabetes and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Niu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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12
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Huang F, Zhang J, Zhou H, Qu T, Wang Y, Jiang K, Liu Y, Xu Y, Chen M, Chen L. B cell subsets contribute to myocardial protection by inducing neutrophil apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e167201. [PMID: 38290007 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A robust, sterile inflammation underlies myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (MIRI). Several subsets of B cells possess the immunoregulatory capacity that limits tissue damage, yet the role of B cells in MIRI remains elusive. Here, we sought to elucidate the contribution of B cells to MIRI by transient ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in B cell-depleted or -deficient mice. Following ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), regulatory B cells are rapidly recruited to the heart. B cell-depleted or -deficient mice exhibited exacerbated tissue damage, adverse cardiac remodeling, and an augmented inflammatory response after I/R. Rescue and chimeric experiments indicated that the cardioprotective effect of B cells was not solely dependent on IL-10. Coculture experiments demonstrated that B cells induced neutrophil apoptosis through contact-dependent interactions, subsequently promoting reparative macrophage polarization by facilitating the phagocytosis of neutrophils by macrophages. The in vivo cardioprotective effect of B cells was undetectable in the absence of neutrophils after I/R. Mechanistically, ligand-receptor imputation identified FCER2A as a potential mediator of interactions between B cells and neutrophils. Blocking FCER2A on B cells resulted in a reduction in the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils, contributing to the deterioration of cardiac remodeling. Our findings unveil a potential cardioprotective role of B cells in MIRI through mechanisms involving FCER2A, neutrophils, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyang Huang
- Department of Cardiology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease
| | - Hao Zhou
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology
- West China School of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Holm Hansen R, von Essen MR, Reith Mahler M, Cobanovic S, Sellebjerg F. Sustained effects on immune cell subsets and autoreactivity in multiple sclerosis patients treated with oral cladribine. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327672. [PMID: 38433828 PMCID: PMC10904620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cladribine tablet therapy is an efficacious treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, we showed that one year after the initiation of cladribine treatment, T and B cell crosstalk was impaired, reducing potentially pathogenic effector functions along with a specific reduction of autoreactivity to RAS guanyl releasing protein 2 (RASGRP2). In the present study we conducted a longitudinal analysis of the effect of cladribine treatment in patients with RRMS, focusing on the extent to which the effects observed on T and B cell subsets and autoreactivity after one year of treatment are maintained, modulated, or amplified during the second year of treatment. Methods In this case-control exploratory study, frequencies and absolute counts of peripheral T and B cell subsets and B cell cytokine production from untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and patients treated with cladribine for 52 (W52), 60 (W60), 72 (W72) and 96 (W96) weeks, were measured using flow cytometry. Autoreactivity was assessed using a FluoroSpot assay. Results We found a substantial reduction in circulating memory B cells and proinflammatory B cell responses. Furthermore, we observed reduced T cell responses to autoantigens possibly presented by B cells (RASGRP2 and a-B crystallin (CRYAB)) at W52 and W96 and a further reduction in responses to the myelin antigens myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) after 96 weeks. Conclusion We conclude that the effects of cladribine observed after year one are maintained and, for some effects, even increased two years after the initiation of a full course of treatment with cladribine tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Holm Hansen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Marina Rode von Essen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mie Reith Mahler
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stefan Cobanovic
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Yuuki H, Itamiya T, Nagafuchi Y, Ota M, Fujio K. B cell receptor repertoire abnormalities in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326823. [PMID: 38361948 PMCID: PMC10867955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells play a crucial role in the immune response and contribute to various autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have revealed abnormalities in the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire of patients with autoimmune diseases, with distinct features observed among different diseases and B cell subsets. Classically, BCR repertoire was used as an identifier of distinct antigen-specific clonotypes, but the recent advancement of analyzing large-scale repertoire has enabled us to use it as a tool for characterizing cellular biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the BCR repertoire in autoimmune diseases incorporating insights from our latest research findings. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we observed a significant skew in the usage of VDJ genes, particularly in CD27+IgD+ unswitched memory B cells and plasmablasts. Notably, autoreactive clones within unswitched memory B cells were found to be increased and strongly associated with disease activity, underscoring the clinical significance of this subset. Similarly, various abnormalities in the BCR repertoire have been reported in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, BCR repertoire analysis holds potential for enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases. Moreover, it has the potential to predict treatment effects and identify therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yuuki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itamiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Thorarinsdottir K, McGrath S, Forslind K, Agelii ML, Ekwall AKH, Jacobsson LTH, Rudin A, Mårtensson IL, Gjertsson I. Cartilage destruction in early rheumatoid arthritis patients correlates with CD21 -/low double-negative B cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:23. [PMID: 38225658 PMCID: PMC10789032 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is supported by the presence of disease-specific autoantibodies and the efficacy of treatment directed against B cells. B cells that express low levels of or lack the B cell receptor (BCR) co-receptor CD21, CD21-/low B cells, have been linked to autoimmune diseases, including RA. In this study, we characterized the CD21+ and CD21-/low B cell subsets in newly diagnosed, early RA (eRA) patients and investigated whether any of the B cell subsets were associated with autoantibody status, disease activity and/or joint destruction. METHODS Seventy-six eRA patients and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy donors were recruited. Multiple clinical parameters were assessed, including disease activity and radiographic joint destruction. B cell subsets were analysed in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) using flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to healthy donors, the eRA patients displayed an elevated frequency of naïve CD21+ B cells in PB. Amongst memory B cells, eRA patients had lower frequencies of the CD21+CD27+ subsets and CD21-/low CD27+IgD+ subset. The only B cell subset found to associate with clinical factors was the CD21-/low double-negative (DN, CD27-IgD-) cell population, linked with the joint space narrowing score, i.e. cartilage destruction. Moreover, in SF from patients with established RA, the CD21-/low DN B cells were expanded and these cells expressed receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). CONCLUSIONS Cartilage destruction in eRA patients was associated with an expanded proportion of CD21-/low DN B cells in PB. The subset was also expanded in SF from established RA patients and expressed RANKL. Taken together, our results suggest a role for CD21-/low DN in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Thorarinsdottir
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology Research, University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sarah McGrath
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Forslind
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Monica Leu Agelii
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Hultgård Ekwall
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart T H Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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McGettigan SE, Aira LE, Kumar G, Ballet R, Butcher EC, Baumgarth N, Debes GF. Secreted IgM modulates IL-10 expression in B cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:324. [PMID: 38182585 PMCID: PMC10773282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-10+ B cells are critical for immune homeostasis and restraining immune responses in infection, cancer, and inflammation; however, the signals that govern IL-10+ B cell differentiation are ill-defined. Here we find that IL-10+ B cells expand in mice lacking secreted IgM ((s)IgM-/-) up to 10-fold relative to wildtype (WT) among all major B cell and regulatory B cell subsets. The IL-10+ B cell increase is polyclonal and presents within 24 hours of birth. In WT mice, sIgM is produced prenatally and limits the expansion of IL-10+ B cells. Lack of the high affinity receptor for sIgM, FcμR, in B cells translates into an intermediate IL-10+ B cell phenotype relative to WT or sIgM-/- mice. Our study thus shows that sIgM regulates IL-10 programming in B cells in part via B cell-expressed FcμR, thereby revealing a function of sIgM in regulating immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Eileen McGettigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Lazaro Emilio Aira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Romain Ballet
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Dept. Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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17
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Maslanka J, Torres G, Londregan J, Goldman N, Silberman D, Somerville J, Riggs JE. Loss of B1 and marginal zone B cells during ovarian cancer. Cell Immunol 2024; 395-396:104788. [PMID: 38000306 PMCID: PMC10842900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have not addressed the challenge presented by ovarian cancer. Although the peritoneum is an "accessible" locus for this disease there has been limited characterization of the immunobiology therein. We investigated the ID8-C57BL/6J ovarian cancer model and found marked depletion of B1 cells from the ascites of the peritoneal cavity. There was also selective loss of the B1 and marginal zone B cell subsets from the spleen. Immunity to antigens that activate these subsets validated their loss rather than relocation. A marked influx of myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlated with B cell subset depletion. These observations are discussed in the context of the housekeeping burden placed on innate B cells during ovarian cancer and to foster consideration of B cell biology in therapeutic strategies to address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Maslanka
- Department of Biology, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Gretel Torres
- Department of Biology, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | | | - Naomi Goldman
- Department of Biology, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Daniel Silberman
- Department of Biology, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - John Somerville
- Department of Biology, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - James E Riggs
- Department of Biology, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA.
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18
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Ottens K, Schneider J, Satterthwaite AB. B-1a Cells, but Not Marginal Zone B Cells, Are Implicated in the Accumulation of Autoreactive Plasma Cells in Lyn-/- Mice. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:47-56. [PMID: 38189742 PMCID: PMC10835670 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in Lyn, a tyrosine kinase that limits B cell activation, develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease characterized by the accumulation of splenic plasma cells and the production of autoantibodies. Lyn-/- mice have reduced numbers of marginal zone (MZ) B cells, a B cell subset that is enriched in autoreactivity and prone to plasma cell differentiation. We hypothesized that this is due to unchecked terminal differentiation of this potentially pathogenic B cell subpopulation. However, impairing MZ B cell development in Lyn-/- mice did not reduce plasma cell accumulation or autoantibodies, and preventing plasma cell differentiation did not restore MZ B cell numbers. Instead, Lyn-/- mice accumulated B-1a cells when plasma cell differentiation was impaired. Similar to MZ B cells, B-1a cells tend to be polyreactive or weakly autoreactive and are primed for terminal differentiation. Our results implicate B-1a cells, but not MZ B cells, as contributors to the autoreactive plasma cell pool in Lyn-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ottens
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jalyn Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Anne B. Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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19
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Taku K, Ogata M, Hoshina T, Maruyama H, Yoshida A, Kusuhara K. Serial changes in B-cell subsets and immunoglobulin G4 levels in paragonimiasis. Pediatr Int 2024; 66:e15727. [PMID: 38409883 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Taku
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Manami Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoshina
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Kusuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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20
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Ray ME, Rothstein TL. Human VH4-34 antibodies derived from B1 cells are more frequently autoreactive than VH4-34 antibodies derived from memory cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259827. [PMID: 38162664 PMCID: PMC10754998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human B1 cells produce natural antibodies characterized by overutilization of heavy chain variable region VH4-34 in comparison to other B cell populations. VH4-34-containing antibodies have been reported to be autoreactive and to be associated with lupus and other autoimmune dyscrasias. However, it has been unclear to what extent VH4-34 antibodies manifest autoreactivity in B1 cells or other B cell populations-in other words, are VH4-34 containing antibodies autoreactive wherever found, or mainly within the B1 cell population? To address this issue we sort purified single human B1 and memory B cells and then amplified, sequenced, cloned and expressed VH4-34-containing antibodies from 76 individual B cells. Each of these antibodies was tested for autoreactivity by HEp-2 IFA and autoantigen ELISA. Antibodies were scored as autoreactive if positive by either assay. We found VH4-34 antibodies rescued from B1 cells were much more frequently autoreactive (14/48) than VH4-34 antibodies rescued from memory B cells (2/28). Among B1 cell antibodies, 4 were HEp-2+, 6 were dsDNA+ and 4 were positive for both. Considering only HEp-2+ antibodies, again these were found more frequently among B1 cell VH4-34 antibodies (8/48) than memory B cell VH4-34 antibodies (1/28). We found autoreactivity was associated with greater CDR3 length, as expected; however, we found no association between autoreactivity and a previously described FR1 "hydrophobic patch". Our results indicate that autoreactive VH4-34-containing antibodies tend to reside within the human B1 cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas L. Rothstein
- Center for Immunobiology and Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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21
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Roy K, Chakraborty M, Kumar A, Manna AK, Roy NS. The NFκB signaling system in the generation of B-cell subsets: from germinal center B cells to memory B cells and plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185597. [PMID: 38169968 PMCID: PMC10758606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells are the two prime effector B cell populations that drive infection- and vaccine-induced long-term antibody-mediated immunity. The antibody-mediated immunity mostly relies on the formation of specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs, called germinal centers (GCs), that facilitate the interactions between B cells, T cells, and antigen-presenting cells. Antigen-activated B cells may proliferate and differentiate into GC-independent plasmablasts and memory B cells or differentiate into GC B cells. The GC B cells undergo proliferation coupled to somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin genes for antibody affinity maturation. Subsequently, affinity mature GC B cells differentiate into GC-dependent plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we review how the NFκB signaling system controls B cell proliferation and the generation of GC B cells, plasmablasts/plasma cells, and memory B cells. We also identify and discuss some important unanswered questions in this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Asit Kumar Manna
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Neeladri Sekhar Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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22
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Budeus B, Kibler A, Küppers R. Human IgM-expressing memory B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308378. [PMID: 38143767 PMCID: PMC10748387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of T cell dependent (TD) humoral immune responses is the generation of long-lived memory B cells. The generation of these cells occurs primarily in the germinal center (GC) reaction, where antigen-activated B cells undergo affinity maturation as a major consequence of the combined processes of proliferation, somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin V (IgV) region genes, and selection for improved affinity of their B-cell antigen receptors. As many B cells also undergo class-switching to IgG or IgA in these TD responses, there was traditionally a focus on class-switched memory B cells in both murine and human studies on memory B cells. However, it has become clear that there is also a large subset of IgM-expressing memory B cells, which have important phenotypic and functional similarities but also differences to class-switched memory B cells. There is an ongoing discussion about the origin of distinct subsets of human IgM+ B cells with somatically mutated IgV genes. We argue here that the vast majority of human IgM-expressing B cells with somatically mutated IgV genes in adults is indeed derived from GC reactions, even though a generation of some mostly lowly mutated IgM+ B cells from other differentiation pathways, mainly in early life, may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg–Essen, Essen, Germany
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23
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Rosell-Mases E, Santiago A, Corral-Pujol M, Yáñez F, Varela E, Egia-Mendikute L, Arpa B, Cosovanu C, Panosa A, Serrano-Gómez G, Mora C, Verdaguer J, Manichanh C. Mutual modulation of gut microbiota and the immune system in type 1 diabetes models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7770. [PMID: 38012160 PMCID: PMC10682479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transgenic 116C-NOD mouse strain exhibits a prevalent Th17 phenotype, and reduced type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. A cohousing experiment between both models revealed lower T1D incidence in NOD mice cohoused with 116C-NOD, associated with gut microbiota changes, reduced intestinal permeability, shifts in T and B cell subsets, and a transition from Th1 to Th17 responses. Distinct gut bacterial signatures were linked to T1D in each group. Using a RAG-2-/- genetic background, we found that T cell alterations promoted segmented filamentous bacteria proliferation in young NOD and 116C-NOD, as well as in immunodeficient NOD.RAG-2-/- and 116C-NOD.RAG-2-/- mice across all ages. Bifidobacterium colonization depended on lymphocytes and thrived in a non-diabetogenic environment. Additionally, 116C-NOD B cells in 116C-NOD.RAG-2-/- mice enriched the gut microbiota in Adlercreutzia and reduced intestinal permeability. Collectively, these results indicate reciprocal modulation between gut microbiota and the immune system in rodent T1D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Rosell-Mases
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Santiago
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Corral-Pujol
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisca Yáñez
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarna Varela
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Berta Arpa
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Catalina Cosovanu
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anaïs Panosa
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Serrano-Gómez
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conchi Mora
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL) and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Song S, Zhang JY, Liu FY, Zhang HY, Li XF, Zhang SX. B cell subsets-related biomarkers and molecular pathways for systemic lupus erythematosus by transcriptomics analyses. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110968. [PMID: 37741131 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease, is characterised by B-cell abnormalities and a loss of tolerance that can produce autoantibody. However, the imperative genes and molecular pathways involved in the change of B cell populations remain unclear. METHODS The expression of B cell subsets between SLE and healthy controls (HCs) was detected based on micro-array transcriptome data. The Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) further revealed the co-expression modules of naïve and memory B cells. Whereafter, we performed the functional enrichment analysis, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks construction and feature selection to screen hub genes. Ultimately, we recruited SLE patients and HCs from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and further verified these genes in transcriptome sequencing samples. RESULTS Total of 1087 SLE patients and 86 HCs constituted in the study. Compared to HCs, the levels of peripheral naïve B cells of SLE patients decreased, while memory B cells increased. WGCNA identified two modules with the highest correlation for the subsequent analysis. The purple module was primarily in connection with naïve B cells, and the GO analysis indicated that these genes were mainly abundant in B cell activation. The blue module relevant to memory B cells was most significantly enriched in the "defence response to virus" correlation pathway. Then we screened six hub genes by PPI and feature selection. Finally, four biomarkers (IFI27, IFITM1, MX2, IRF7) were identified by transcriptome sequencing verification. CONCLUSION Our study identified hub genes and key pathways associated with the naïve and memory B cells respectively, which may offer novel insights into the behaviours of B cells and the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang-Yue Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - He-Yi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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25
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Liechti T, Van Gassen S, Beddall M, Ballard R, Iftikhar Y, Du R, Venkataraman T, Novak D, Mangino M, Perfetto S, Larman HB, Spector T, Saeys Y, Roederer M. A robust pipeline for high-content, high-throughput immunophenotyping reveals age- and genetics-dependent changes in blood leukocytes. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100619. [PMID: 37883924 PMCID: PMC10626267 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional flow cytometry is the gold standard to study the human immune system in large cohorts. However, large sample sizes increase inter-experimental variation because of technical and experimental inaccuracies introduced by batch variability. Our high-throughput sample processing pipeline in combination with 28-color flow cytometry focuses on increased throughput (192 samples/experiment) and high reproducibility. We implemented quality control checkpoints to reduce technical and experimental variation. Finally, we integrated FlowSOM clustering to facilitate automated data analysis and demonstrate the reproducibility of our pipeline in a study with 3,357 samples. We reveal age-associated immune dynamics in 2,300 individuals, signified by decreasing T and B cell subsets with age. In addition, by combining genetic analyses, our approach revealed unique immune signatures associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that abrogates CD45 isoform splicing. In summary, we provide a versatile and reliable high-throughput, flow cytometry-based pipeline for immune discovery and exploration in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liechti
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaret Beddall
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reid Ballard
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaser Iftikhar
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Renguang Du
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thiagarajan Venkataraman
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Novak
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Science Division, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Perfetto
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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26
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Yue Y, Cai X, Lu C, Sechi LA, Solla P, Li S. Unraveling the prognostic significance and molecular characteristics of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238312. [PMID: 37908350 PMCID: PMC10613680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent subtype of kidney cancer that exhibits a complex tumor microenvironment, which significantly influences tumor progression and immunotherapy response. In recent years, emerging evidence has underscored the involvement of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs), a crucial component of adaptive immunity, and their roles in ccRCC as compared to other tumors. Therefore, the present study endeavors to systematically explore the prognostic and molecular features of TIL-Bs in ccRCC. Methods Initially, xCell algorithm was used to predict TIL-Bs in TCGA-KIRC and other ccRCC transcriptomic datasets. The Log-Rank test and Cox regression were applied to explore the relationship of B-cells with ccRCC survival. Then, we used WGCNA method to identify important modules related to TIL-Bs combining Consensus subcluster and scRNA-seq data analysis. To narrow down the prospective biomarkers, a prognostic signature was proposed. Next, we explored the feature of the signature individual genes and the risk-score. Finally, the potential associations of signature with clinical phenotypes and drugs were investigated. Results Preliminary, we found ccRCC survival was negatively associated with TIL-Bs, which was confirmed by other datasets. Afterwards, ten co-expression modules were identified and a distinct ccRCC cluster was subsequently detected. Moreover, we assessed the transcriptomic alteration of B-cell in ccRCC and a relevant B-cell subtype was also pinpointed. Based on two core modules (brown, red), a 10-gene signature (TNFSF13B, SHARPIN, B3GAT3, IL2RG, TBC1D10C, STAC3, MICB, LAG3, SMIM29, CTLA4) was developed in train set and validated in test sets. These biomarkers were further investigated with regards to their differential expression and correlation with immune characteristics, along with risk-score related mutations and pathways. Lastly, we established a nomogram combined tumor grade and discovered underlying drugs according to their sensitivity response. Discussion In our research, we elucidated the remarkable association between ccRCC and B-cells. Then, we detected several key gene modules, together with close patient subcluster and B-cell subtype,which could be responsible for the TIL-Bs in ccRCC. Moreover, we proposed a 10-gene signature and investigated its molecular features from multiple perspectives. Overall, understanding the roles of TIL-Bs could aid in the immunotherapeutic approaches for ccRCC, which deserve further research to clarify the implications for patient prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Yue
- Department of Urology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Changhao Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassarie, Sassari, Italy
| | - Shensuo Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu M, Ren J, Jia W, Wang S, Liu Y, Chen X, Shi J, Wang H. Regulation of B-1 cell numbers and B cell-mediated antibody production by Inpp4b. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13309. [PMID: 37389566 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
T and B lymphocytes are crucial players in cellular and humoral immune responses. The development, activation and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes are regulated by the best characterized PI3K-PI (3,4,5) P3-AKT phosphoinositide signalling pathway. As a branch of the phosphoinositide signalling pathway, the lipid phosphatase INPP4B inhibits AKT activation through degrading the phosphoinositide signalling messenger PI (3,4) P2. However, the role of Inpp4b in T and B lymphocytes remains elusive. Here, we reported that Inpp4b was highly expressed in human and murine T- and B-1 lymphocytes. Despite its higher expression in T lymphocytes, neither T cell development and homeostasis nor in vitro T cell activation and CD4+ T cell differentiation were altered upon loss of Inpp4b. Interestingly, combined direct phenotype analysis of Inpp4b conventional knockout mice and adoptive transfer studies revealed that ablation of Inpp4b intrinsically reduced peritoneal B-1 cells rather B-2 cells. Moreover, Inpp4b deficiency led to impaired thymus independent (TI) and thymus dependent (TD) antigens-induced antibody production. Further in vitro analysis revealed that CD40-mediated B cell proliferation was impaired upon ablation of Inpp4b. Our findings reveal that Inpp4b is required in regulating B-1 cell numbers and B cell-mediated antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, China
| | - Jinfeng Ren
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Jia
- Department of dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinzhu Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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28
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Suchanek O, Clatworthy MR. Homeostatic role of B-1 cells in tissue immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106294. [PMID: 37744333 PMCID: PMC10515722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, studies of tissue-resident immunity have mainly focused on innate immune cells and T cells, with limited data on B cells. B-1 B cells are a unique subset of B cells with innate-like properties, enriched in murine pleural and peritoneal cavities and distinct from conventional B-2 cells in their ontogeny, phenotype and function. Here we discuss how B-1 cells represent exemplar tissue-resident immune cells, summarizing the evidence for their long-term persistence & self-renewal within tissues, differential transcriptional programming shaped by organ-specific environmental cues, as well as their tissue-homeostatic functions. Finally, we review the emerging data supporting the presence and homeostatic role of B-1 cells across non-lymphoid organs (NLOs) both in mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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29
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Steuten J, Bos AV, Kuijper LH, Claireaux M, Olijhoek W, Elias G, Duurland MC, Jorritsma T, Marsman C, Paul AGA, Garcia Vallejo JJ, van Gils MJ, Wieske L, Kuijpers TW, Eftimov F, van Ham SM, Ten Brinke A. Distinct dynamics of antigen-specific induction and differentiation of different CD11c +Tbet + B-cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:689-699.e6. [PMID: 36858158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD11c+Tbet+ B cells are enriched in autoimmunity and chronic infections and also expand on immune challenge in healthy individuals. CD11c+Tbet+ B cells remain an enigmatic B-cell population because of their intrinsic heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES We investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen-specific development and differentiation properties of 3 separate CD11c+ B-cell subsets-age-associated B cells (ABCs), double-negative 2 (DN2) B cells, and activated naive B cells-and compared them to their canonical CD11c- counterparts. METHODS Dynamics of the response of the 3 CD11c+ B-cell subsets were assessed at SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in healthy donors by spectral flow cytometry. Distinct CD11c+ B-cell subsets were functionally characterized by optimized in vitro cultures. RESULTS In contrast to a durable expansion of antigen-specific CD11c- memory B cells over time, both ABCs and DN2 cells were strongly expanded shortly after second vaccination and subsequently contracted. Functional characterization of antibody-secreting cell differentiation dynamics revealed that CD11c+Tbet+ B cells were primed for antibody-secreting cell differentiation compared to relevant canonical CD11c- counterparts. CONCLUSION Overall, CD11c+Tbet+ B cells encompass heterogeneous subpopulations, of which primarily ABCs as well as DN2 B cells respond early to immune challenge and display a pre-antibody-secreting cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulke Steuten
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amélie V Bos
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisan H Kuijper
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olijhoek
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George Elias
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariel C Duurland
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Jorritsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Marsman
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juan J Garcia Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney.
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Xuan X, Ye C, Zhao J, Shen F, Chen Y, Liu J. Dysregulated Tfr/Tfh2 cells in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:104137. [PMID: 37625338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent research revealed the pathogenic role of B cells in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while the Tfh cell plays a critical role in the B cell mediated autoantibody production and humoral immunity, but had not been investigated in PCOS patients. The frequency of Tfh and B cell subsets (Tfh1, Tfh2, Tfh17, naïve B, memory B, and plasma cells) in the peripheral blood of 21 PCOS patients and 15 healthy controls were investigated by flow cytometry. And the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, prolactin and estradiol progesterone were measured by using the immunoluminescence method. Also, the associations between these hormone levels and Tfh cell subsets or B cell subsets were analyzed. No significant difference was observed in total Tfh cells between 21 PCOS patients and 15 healthy controls (p > 0.05). But the percentages of Tfh2 and plasma cells were significantly higher in 21 PCOS patients compared to 15 healthy controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, the frequency of Tfr cells and Tfr/Tfh2 ratio were significantly lower than healthy controls (p < 0.01). Importantly, among these cells, only the percentage of Tfh2 cells was positively correlated with the levels of testosterone (r = 0.513, p = 0.018). And the percentage of Tfr cells and Tfr/Tfh2 ratio were also positively correlated with the levels of testosterone (r = 0.567, p = 0.007; r = 0.434, p = 0.05) and prolactin (r = 0.511, p = 0.018; r = 0.490, p = 0.024). These new findings provide unique insights into dysregulated Tfh/Tfr cells in mediating the immunopathogenesis of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xuan
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmei Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuping Shen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Playoust E, Remark R, Vivier E, Milpied P. Germinal center-dependent and -independent immune responses of tumor-infiltrating B cells in human cancers. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1040-1050. [PMID: 37419983 PMCID: PMC10468534 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells play essential roles in immunity, mainly through the production of high affinity plasma cells (PCs) and memory B (Bmem) cells. The affinity maturation and differentiation of B cells rely on the integration of B-cell receptor (BCR) intrinsic and extrinsic signals provided by antigen binding and the microenvironment, respectively. In recent years, tumor infiltrating B (TIL-B) cells and PCs (TIL-PCs) have been revealed as important players in antitumor responses in human cancers, but their interplay and dynamics remain largely unknown. In lymphoid organs, B-cell responses involve both germinal center (GC)-dependent and GC-independent pathways for Bmem cell and PC production. Affinity maturation of BCR repertoires occurs in GC reactions with specific spatiotemporal dynamics of signal integration by B cells. In general, the reactivation of high-affinity Bmem cells by antigens triggers GC-independent production of large numbers of PC without BCR rediversification. Understanding B-cell dynamics in immune responses requires the integration of multiple tools and readouts such as single-cell phenotyping and RNA-seq, in situ analyses, BCR repertoire analysis, BCR specificity and affinity assays, and functional tests. Here, we review how those tools have recently been applied to study TIL-B cells and TIL-PC in different types of solid tumors. We assessed the published evidence for different models of TIL-B-cell dynamics involving GC-dependent or GC-independent local responses and the resulting production of antigen-specific PCs. Altogether, we highlight the need for more integrative B-cell immunology studies to rationally investigate TIL-B cells as a leverage for antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Playoust
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | - Eric Vivier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Milpied
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Dong X, Tu H, Bai X, Qin S, Li Z. INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC APOPTOSIS AND PYROPTOSIS CONTRIBUTE TO THE SELECTIVE DEPLETION OF B CELL SUBSETS IN SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS. Shock 2023; 60:345-353. [PMID: 37477437 PMCID: PMC10510799 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The depletion of peripheral blood B cells is associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis during sepsis, and selective depletion occurs when B cell subsets are specifically targeted. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the selective depletion of B cell subsets in the immunosuppressive phase of septic shock patients. Thirty-two septic shock patients were recruited as a septic shock group and 10 healthy volunteers as a control group. The expression of Bcl-2, CD95, cleaved caspase-9/8, and activated caspase-3/1 in the B cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Another 23 septic shock patients were recruited to test the remission of caspase-3 (Z-DEVD-FMK) and caspase-1 (VX-765) inhibitors on B cell subset depletion in vitro . In septic shock patients, the Bcl-2 levels in immature/transitional (IM) B cells decreased and the levels of cleaved caspase-9 in IM B cells increased; the levels of CD95 in IM, naive, resting memory (RM), and activated memory (AM) B cells and the levels of cleaved caspase-8 in IM, RM, and AM B cells increased; the levels of activated caspase-3 and caspase-1 in IM, RM, and AM B cells increased. Activated caspase-1 levels in IM B cells were higher compared with activated caspase-3 in septic shock patients, whereas the levels of activated caspase-1 in AM B cells were lower compared with activated caspase-3. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that Z-DEVD-FMK and VX-765 could alleviate the depletion of IM, AM, and RM B cells. The selective reduction of circulating B cell subsets in septic shock patients could be attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis as well as pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijie Dong
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Tu
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Su C, Yu R, Hong X, Zhang P, Guo Y, Cai JC, Hou J. CXCR4 Expressed by Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Gastric Cancer Related to Survival in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Analysis Combining Single-Cell RNA Sequencing with Bulk RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12890. [PMID: 37629071 PMCID: PMC10454711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of tumor-related mortality globally and one of the most prevalent malignant tumors. To better understand the role of tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs) in GC, this work used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-Seq) data to identify candidate hub genes. Both scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq data for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases, respectively. Using scRNA-seq data, the FindNeighbors and FindClusters tools were used to group the cells into distinct groups. Immune cell clusters were sought in the massive RNA-seq expression matrix using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The expression profiles were used in Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to build TCGA's gene coexpression networks. Next, univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to identify hub genes in scRNA-seq data from sequential B-cell analyses. Finally, we examined the correlation between the hub genes and TIBs utilizing the TISIDB database. We confirmed the immune-related markers in clinical validation samples using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). 15 cell clusters were classified in the scRNA-seq database. According to the WGCNA findings, the green module is most associated with cancer and B cells. The intersection of 12 genes in two separate datasets (scRNA and bulk) was attained for further analysis. However, survival studies revealed that increased C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression was linked to worse overall survival. CXCR4 expression is correlated with active, immature, and memory B cells in STAD were identified. Finally, RT-PCR and IHC assays verified that in GC, CXCR4 is overexpressed, and its expression level correlates with TIBs. We used scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq to study STAD's cellular composition. We found that CXCR4 is highly expressed by TIBs in GC, suggesting that it may serve as a hub gene for these cells and a starting point for future research into the molecular mechanisms by which these immune cells gain access to tumors and potentially identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (C.S.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.H.); (P.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (C.S.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.H.); (P.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xiaoquan Hong
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.H.); (P.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.H.); (P.Z.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.H.); (P.Z.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jian-Chun Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (C.S.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.H.); (P.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (C.S.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.H.); (P.Z.); (Y.G.)
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Wing E, Sutherland C, Miles K, Gray D, Goodyear CS, Otto TD, Breusch S, Cowan G, Gray M. Double-negative-2 B cells are the major synovial plasma cell precursor in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241474. [PMID: 37638026 PMCID: PMC10450142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are key pathogenic drivers of chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is limited understanding of the relationship between synovial B cell subsets and pathogenic antibody secreting cells (ASCs). This knowledge is crucial for the development of more targeted B-cell depleting therapies. While CD11c+ double-negative 2 (DN2) B cells have been suggested as an ASC precursor in lupus, to date there is no proven link between the two subsets in RA. We have used both single-cell gene expression and BCR sequencing to study synovial B cells from patients with established RA, in addition to flow cytometry of circulating B cells. To better understand the differentiation patterns within the diseased tissue, a combination of RNA-based trajectory inference and clonal lineage analysis of BCR relationships were used. Both forms of analysis indicated that DN2 B cells serve as a major precursors to synovial ASCs. This study advances our understanding of B cells in RA and reveals the origin of pathogenic ASCs in the RA synovium. Given the significant role of DN2 B cells as a progenitor to pathogenic B cells in RA, it is important to conduct additional research to investigate the origins of DN2 B cells in RA and explore their potential as therapeutic targets in place of the less specific pan-B cells depletion therapies currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Wing
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Sutherland
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Miles
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Gray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D. Otto
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Breusch
- Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Cowan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Aihara F, Wang Y, Belkina AC, Fearns R, Mizgerd JP, Feng F, Kepler TB. Diversity of B Cell Populations and Ig Repertoire in Human Lungs. J Immunol 2023; 211:486-496. [PMID: 37314411 PMCID: PMC10352589 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The human lung carries a unique microbiome adapted to the air-filled, mucous-lined environment, the presence of which requires an immune system capable of recognizing harmful populations while preventing reactions toward commensals. B cells in the lung play a key role in pulmonary immunity, generating Ag-specific Abs, as well as cytokine secretion for immune activation and regulation. In this study, we compared B cell subsets in human lungs versus circulating cells by analyzing patient-paired lung and blood samples. We found a significantly smaller pool of CD19+, CD20+ B cells in the lung relative to the blood. CD27+, IgD-, class-switched memory B cells (Bmems) composed a larger proportion of the pool of pulmonary B cells. The residency marker CD69 was also significantly higher in the lung. We also sequenced the Ig V region genes (IgVRGs) of class-switched Bmems that do, or do not, express CD69. We observed the IgVRGs of pulmonary Bmems to be as heavily mutated from the unmutated common ancestor as those in circulation. Furthermore, we found progenies within a quasi-clone can gain or lose CD69 expression, regardless of whether the parent clone expressed the residency marker. Overall, our results show that despite its vascularized nature, human lungs carry a unique proportion of B cell subsets. The IgVRGs of pulmonary Bmems are as diverse as those in blood, and progenies of Bmems retain the ability to gain or lose residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Aihara
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Rachel Fearns
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Feng Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Boston, MA
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Fang X, Ye H, Xie Y, Wei C, Liu S, Yao H, Li Z, Jia Y, Hu F. B cell subsets in adult-onset Still's disease: potential candidates for disease pathogenesis and immunophenotyping. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:104. [PMID: 37322557 PMCID: PMC10268358 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic autoinflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. B cells are critical participants in different rheumatic diseases, and their roles in AOSD are rarely investigated. This study aimed to unveil the B cell subset features in AOSD and provide evidence for B cell-based diagnosis and targeted therapies of AOSD. METHODS B cell subsets in the peripheral blood of AOSD patients and healthy controls (HCs) were detected by flow cytometry. Firstly, the frequencies of B cell subsets were compared. Then, the correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between B cell subsets and clinical manifestations in AOSD. Finally, unbiased hierarchical clustering was performed to divide AOSD patients into three groups with different B cell subset features, and the clinical characteristics of the three groups were compared. RESULTS The frequencies of B cell subsets were altered in AOSD patients. Disease-promoting subsets (such as naïve B cells, double negative B cells (DN B cells), and plasmablasts) increased, and potential regulatory subsets (such as unswitched memory B cells (UM B cells) and CD24hiCD27+ B cells (B10 cells)) decreased in the peripheral blood of AOSD patients. In addition, the altered B cell subsets in AOSD correlated with the clinical and immunological features, such as immune cells, coagulation features, and liver enzymes. Intriguingly, AOSD patients could be divided into three groups with distinct B cell immunophenotyping: group 1 (naïve B cells-dominant), group 2 (CD27+ memory B cells-dominant), and group 3 (precursors of autoantibody-producing plasma cells-dominant). Moreover, these three group patients demonstrated differential manifestations, including immune cells, liver or myocardial enzymes, coagulation features, and systemic score. CONCLUSIONS B cell subsets are significantly altered in AOSD patients, potentially contributing to the disease pathogenesis. These findings would inspire B cell-based diagnosis and targeted therapies for this refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China.
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Zurbuchen Y, Michler J, Taeschler P, Adamo S, Cervia C, Raeber ME, Acar IE, Nilsson J, Warnatz K, Soyka MB, Moor AE, Boyman O. Human memory B cells show plasticity and adopt multiple fates upon recall response to SARS-CoV-2. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:955-965. [PMID: 37106039 PMCID: PMC10232369 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The B cell response to different pathogens uses tailored effector mechanisms and results in functionally specialized memory B (Bm) cell subsets, including CD21+ resting, CD21-CD27+ activated and CD21-CD27- Bm cells. The interrelatedness between these Bm cell subsets remains unknown. Here we showed that single severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific Bm cell clones showed plasticity upon antigen rechallenge in previously exposed individuals. CD21- Bm cells were the predominant subsets during acute infection and early after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunization. At months 6 and 12 post-infection, CD21+ resting Bm cells were the major Bm cell subset in the circulation and were also detected in peripheral lymphoid organs, where they carried tissue residency markers. Tracking of individual B cell clones by B cell receptor sequencing revealed that previously fated Bm cell clones could redifferentiate upon antigen rechallenge into other Bm cell subsets, including CD21-CD27- Bm cells, demonstrating that single Bm cell clones can adopt functionally different trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Michler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Taeschler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilhan E Acar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Nickerson KM, Smita S, Hoehn KB, Marinov AD, Thomas KB, Kos JT, Yang Y, Bastacky SI, Watson CT, Kleinstein SH, Shlomchik MJ. Age-associated B cells are heterogeneous and dynamic drivers of autoimmunity in mice. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221346. [PMID: 36828389 PMCID: PMC9997508 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are formed under inflammatory conditions and are considered a type of memory B cell (MBC) expressing the transcription factor T-bet. In SLE, ABC frequency is correlated with disease, and they are thought to be the source of autoantibody-secreting cells. However, in inflammatory conditions, whether autoreactive B cells can become resting MBCs is uncertain. Further, the phenotypic identity of ABCs and their relationship to other B cell subsets, such as plasmablasts, is unclear. Whether ABCs directly promote disease is untested. Here we report, in the MRL/lpr SLE model, unexpected heterogeneity among ABC-like cells for expression of the integrins CD11b and CD11c, T-bet, and memory or plasmablast markers. Transfer and labeling studies demonstrated that ABCs are dynamic, rapidly turning over. scRNA-seq identified B cell clones present in multiple subsets, revealing that ABCs can be plasmablast precursors or undergo cycles of reactivation. Deletion of CD11c-expressing B cells revealed a direct role for ABC-like B cells in lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Nickerson
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anthony D. Marinov
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kayla B. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Justin T. Kos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheldon I. Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corey T. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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40
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Song YL, Yao YY, Liu X, Tian TT, Ye JM, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. Preparation of the monoclonal antibody against Nile tilapia Igλ and study on the Igλ + B cell subset in Nile tilapia. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 136:108705. [PMID: 36958505 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) are important effector molecules that mediate humoral immunity. A typical Ig consists of two heavy and two light chains. In teleosts, three Ig heavy chain isotypes (Igμ, Igδ and Igτ) and three Ig light chain isotypes (Igκ, Igλ and Igσ) have been identified. Compared to the heavy chains, teleost Ig light chains have been poorly studied due to the lack of antibodies. In this study, a mouse anti-Nile tilapia Igλ monoclonal antibody (mAb) was prepared, which could specifically recognize Igλ in serum and Igλ+ B cells in tissues. Further, the composition of IgM+ and Igλ+ B cell subsets was analyzed using this antibody and a mouse anti-tilapia IgM heavy chain mAb. The ratio of IgM+Igλ+ B cells to total IgM+ B cells in head kidney and peripheral blood was about 30%, while that in spleen was about 50%; the ratio of IgM-Igλ+ B cells to total Igλ+ B cells in head kidney and peripheral blood was about 45%, while that in spleen was about 25%. The IgM-Igλ+ B cells was speculated to be IgT+ B cells. Finally, we detected an increase in the level of specific antibodies against the surface antigen-Sip of Streptococcus agalactiae in serum after S. agalactiae infection, indicating that mouse anti-tilapia Igλ mAb can be used to detect the antibody level after immunization of Nile tilapia, which lays a foundation for the evaluation of immunization effect of tilapia vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Min Ye
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Smith FL, Savage HP, Luo Z, Tipton CM, Lee FEH, Apostol AC, Beaudin AE, Lopez DA, Jensen I, Keller S, Baumgarth N. B-1 plasma cells require non-cognate CD4 T cell help to generate a unique repertoire of natural IgM. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220195. [PMID: 36811605 PMCID: PMC9960156 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved, "natural" (n)IgM is broadly reactive to both self and foreign antigens. Its selective deficiency leads to increases in autoimmune diseases and infections. In mice, nIgM is secreted independent of microbial exposure to bone marrow (BM) and spleen B-1 cell-derived plasma cells (B-1PC), generating the majority of nIgM, or by B-1 cells that remain non-terminally differentiated (B-1sec). Thus, it has been assumed that the nIgM repertoire is broadly reflective of the repertoire of body cavity B-1 cells. Studies here reveal, however, that B-1PC generate a distinct, oligoclonal nIgM repertoire, characterized by short CDR3 variable immunoglobulin heavy chain regions, 7-8 amino acids in length, some public, many arising from convergent rearrangements, while specificities previously associated with nIgM were generated by a population of IgM-secreting B-1 (B-1sec). BM, but not spleen B-1PC, or B-1sec also required the presence of TCRαβ CD4 T cells for their development from fetal precursors. Together, the studies identify important previously unknown characteristics of the nIgM pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauna L. Smith
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Savage
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Luo
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M. Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - April C. Apostol
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Diego A. Lopez
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Keller
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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42
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Wilfong EM, Vowell KN, Crofford LJ, Kendall PL. Multiparameter analysis of human B lymphocytes identifies heterogeneous CD19 + CD21 lo subsets. Cytometry A 2023; 103:283-294. [PMID: 36281747 PMCID: PMC10085822 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive B cell subsets have been described in a variety of settings, using multiple classification schemes and cell surface markers also found on healthy cells. CD19+ CD21lo B cells have been identified as an autoreactive-prone subset of B cells, although the downregulation of CD21 has been observed on a variety of B cell subsets in health and disease. This variation has led to confusion regarding the meaning and applicability of the loss or reduction of CD21 in peripheral B cells. To better understand the relationships between commonly used B cell markers and their associated characteristics, we analyzed human B cells from healthy participants using multiparameter flow cytometry and the visualization algorithm, tSNE. This approach revealed significant phenotypic overlap amongst five previously described autoimmune-prone B cell subsets, including CD19+ CD10- CD27- CD21lo B cells. Interestingly, 12 different subpopulations of CD19+ CD21lo B cells were identified, some of which mapped to previously described autoreactive populations, while others were consistent with healthy B cells. This suggests that CD21 is downregulated in a variety of circumstances involving B cell activation, all of which are present in low numbers even in healthy individuals. These findings describe the utility of unbiased multiparameter analysis using a relatively limited panel of flow cytometry markers to analyze autoreactive-prone and normal activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Wilfong
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Katherine N. Vowell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Peggy L. Kendall
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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43
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Tanasescu R, Chan A. To predict or not to predict: Multiple sclerosis and B-cell subset-specific genetic risk scores. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:299-300. [PMID: 36263605 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radu Tanasescu
- Academic Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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44
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Weller S, Sterlin D, Fadeev T, Coignard E, de los Aires AV, Goetz C, Fritzen R, Bahuaud M, Batteux F, Gorochov G, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. T-independent responses to polysaccharides in humans mobilize marginal zone B cells prediversified against gut bacterial antigens. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade1413. [PMID: 36706172 PMCID: PMC7614366 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells are one of the main actors of T-independent (TI) responses in mice. To identify the B cell subset(s) involved in such responses in humans, we vaccinated healthy individuals with Pneumovax, a model TI vaccine. By high-throughput repertoire sequencing of plasma cells (PCs) isolated 7 days after vaccination and of different B cell subpopulations before and after vaccination, we show that the PC response mobilizes large clones systematically, including an immunoglobulin M component, whose diversification and amplification predated the pneumococcal vaccination. These clones could be mainly traced back to MZ B cells, together with clonally related IgA+ and, to a lesser extent, IgG+CD27+ B cells. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies isolated from large PC clones recognized a wide array of bacterial species from the gut flora, indicating that TI responses in humans largely mobilize MZ and switched B cells that most likely prediversified during mucosal immune responses against bacterial antigens and acquired pneumococcal cross-reactivity through somatic hypermutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weller
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013 Paris, France
- Département d’Immunologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Fadeev
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Eva Coignard
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alba Verge de los Aires
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Clara Goetz
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Fritzen
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Mathilde Bahuaud
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- Service d’Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre (HUPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Batteux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- Service d’Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre (HUPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013 Paris, France
- Département d’Immunologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
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Kumar D, Nguyen TH, Bennett CM, Prince C, Lucas L, Park S, Lawrence T, Chappelle K, Ishaq M, Waller EK, Prahalad S, Briones M, Chandrakasan S. mTOR inhibition attenuates cTfh cell dysregulation and chronic T-cell activation in multilineage immune cytopenias. Blood 2023; 141:238-243. [PMID: 36206504 PMCID: PMC9936300 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR inhibitors such as sirolimus are increasingly used in the management of multilineage immune cytopenia (m-IC) in children. Although sirolimus is effective in improving IC, it is unclear how sirolimus affects the broader immune dysregulation associated with m-IC. We profiled T- and B-cell subsets longitudinally and measured cytokines and chemokines before and after sirolimus treatment. Eleven of the 12 patients with m-IC who tolerated sirolimus were followed for a median duration of 17 months. All patients had an improvement in IC, and sirolimus therapy did not result in significant decreases in T-, B- and NK-cell numbers. However, the expansion and activation of circulating T follicular helper and the Th1 bias noted before the initiation of sirolimus were significantly decreased. Features of chronic T-cell activation and exhaustion within effector memory compartments of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased with sirolimus therapy. Corresponding to these changes, plasma levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 also decreased. Interestingly, no significant improvement in the proportion of class-switched memory B cells or frequencies of CD4+ naive T cells were noted. Longer follow-up and additional studies are needed to validate these findings and evaluate the effect of sirolimus on B-cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Thinh H. Nguyen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carolyn M. Bennett
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chengyu Prince
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura Lucas
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sunita Park
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Taylor Lawrence
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Karin Chappelle
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mariam Ishaq
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Briones
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Nakamura S, Ohuchida K, Ohtsubo Y, Yamada Y, Tsutsumi C, Okuda S, Hisano K, Mochida Y, Shinkawa T, Iwamoto C, Torata N, Mizuuchi Y, Shindo K, Nakata K, Moriyama T, Torisu T, Nagai E, Morisaki T, Kitazono T, Oda Y, Nakamura M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals functional changes in tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes after chemotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1181. [PMID: 36650114 PMCID: PMC9845121 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour immune microenvironment is related with carcinogenesis and efficacy of immunotherapy. B cells play major roles in humoral immunity, but detailed functions of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the functional heterogeneity of TIL-Bs in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and lymph nodes (LNs) during chemotherapy. METHODS Single-cell transcriptome analysis was performed on 23 specimens. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of immunoglobulin κ C (IGKC), an antibody-secreting cell (ASC) marker, in 166 ESCC samples and evaluated the implication of IGKC in 2-year recurrence free survival (RFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 81,246 cells were grouped into 24 clusters. We extracted B cell clusters based on canonical markers and identified 12 TIL-B subtypes in ESCC. We found that several functions, such as co-stimulation and CD40 signalling, were enhanced in TIL-Bs after chemotherapy. The proportion of naive B cells (NBCs) decreased and B cell activation genes were up-regulated in NBCs after chemotherapy. The proportion of ASCs in tumours increased with the loss of migratory abilities and antibody production in ASCs was promoted after chemotherapy. Differentially expressed genes up-regulated with chemotherapy in ASCs correlated with prolonged survival with oesophageal cancer (p = .028). In a metastatic LN, the ASC proportion increased and B cell differentiation was enhanced. In immunohistochemical analysis, RFS and OS of high IGKC expression cases were significantly better than those of low IGKC expression cases (RFS: p < .0001, OS: p < .0001). And in multivariable analysis, the expression of IGKC was an independent favourable prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio (HR): 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-0.45, p < .0001) and OS (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.086-0.47, p = .0002) in ESCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights for the heterogeneity of TIL-Bs during chemotherapy and will be useful to understand the clinical importance of TIL-Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshiki Ohtsubo
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Chikanori Tsutsumi
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Sho Okuda
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kyoko Hisano
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Shinkawa
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of HematologyClinical Immunology and Infectious DiseasesGraduate School of MedicineEhime UniversityEhimeJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Torata
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yusuke Mizuuchi
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takehiro Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Eishi Nagai
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of SurgeryFukuoka Red Cross HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Morisaki
- Department of Cancer ImmunotherapyFukuoka General Cancer ClinicFukuokaJapan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and OncologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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47
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Aranburu A, Engström E, Gerasimcik N, Alsén S, Camponeschi A, Yrlid U, Grimsholm O, Mårtensson IL. Clonal relationships of memory B cell subsets in autoimmune mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129234. [PMID: 36936947 PMCID: PMC10015592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory protects our body from re-infection and it is composed of a cellular and a humoral arm. The B-cell branch with its memory B cells (MBCs), plasma cells and antibodies, formed either in a germinal centre (GC) -dependent or -independent manner, ensure that we can rapidly mount a recall immune response. Previous work in immunised wildtype (WT) mice have identified several subsets of MBCs whereas less is known under autoimmune conditions. Here, we have investigated the heterogeneity of the MBC compartment in autoimmune mouse models and examined the clonal relationships between MBC subsets and GC B cells in one of the models. We demonstrate the presence of at least four different MBC subsets based on their differential expression pattern of CD73, CD80 and PD-L2 in surrogate light chain-deficient (SLC-/-), MRL+/+ and MRLlpr/lpr mice, where most of the MBCs express IgM. Likewise, four MBC subsets could be identified in WT immunised mice. In SLC-/- mice, high-throughput sequencing of Ig heavy chains demonstrates that the two CD73-positive subsets are generally more mutated. Lineage tree analyses on expanded clones show overlaps between all MBC subsets and GC B cells primarily in the IgM sequences. Moreover, each of the three IgM MBC subsets could be found both as ancestor and progeny to GC B cells. This was also observed in the IgG sequences except for the CD73-negative subset. Thus, our findings demonstrate that several MBC subsets are present in autoimmune and WT mice. In SLC-/- mice, these MBC subsets are clonally related to each other and to GC B cells. Our results also indicate that different MBC subsets can seed the GC reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Aranburu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Engström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalija Gerasimcik
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel Alsén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Grimsholm
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Inga-Lill Mårtensson,
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48
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Velounias RL, Tull TJ. Human B-cell subset identification and changes in inflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:201-216. [PMID: 36617261 PMCID: PMC9985170 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the B-cell subsets found in human blood and their functional significance has advanced greatly in the past decade. This has been aided by the evolution of high dimensional phenotypic tools such as mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing which have revealed heterogeneity in populations that were previously considered homogenous. Despite this, there is still uncertainty and variation between studies as to how B-cell subsets are identified and named. This review will focus on the most commonly encountered subsets of B cells in human blood and will describe gating strategies for their identification by flow and mass cytometry. Important changes to population frequencies and function in common inflammatory and autoimmune diseases will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Velounias
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Thomas J Tull
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London, UK
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49
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Montorsi L, Siu JHY, Spencer J. B cells in human lymphoid structures. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:240-252. [PMID: 36370126 PMCID: PMC9985168 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most B cells in the human body are present in tissues where they support immune responses to pathogens, vaccines, autoantigens, and tumours. Despite their clear importance, they are very difficult to study and there are many areas of uncertainty that are difficult to resolve because of limited tissue access. In this review, we consider the zonal structure of lymphoid tissues, the B cell subsets they contain, and how these are regulated. We also discuss the impact that methods of deep interrogation have made on our current knowledge base, especially with respect to studies of cells from dissociated tissues. We discuss in some detail the controversial B cells with marginal zone distribution that some consider being archived memory B cells. We anticipate that more we understand of B cells in tissues and the niches they create, the more opportunities will be identified to harness their potential for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Montorsi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline H Y Siu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Spencer
- Correspondence: Jo Spencer, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, Second Floor Borough Wing, Guy’s Hospital Campus, St Thomas’ St, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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50
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de Gruijter NM, Jebson B, Rosser EC. Cytokine production by human B cells: role in health and autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:253-262. [PMID: 36179248 PMCID: PMC9985175 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are classically considered solely as antibody-producing cells driving humoral immune responses to foreign antigens in infections and vaccinations as well as self-antigens in pathological settings such as autoimmunity. However, it has now become clear that B cells can also secrete a vast array of cytokines, which influence both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses. Indeed, similarly to T cells, there is significant heterogeneity in cytokine-driven responses by B cells, ranging from the production of pro-inflammatory effector cytokines such as IL-6, through to the release of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10. In this review, focusing on human B cells, we summarize the key findings that have revealed that cytokine-producing B cell subsets have critical functions in healthy immune responses and contribute to the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M de Gruijter
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bethany Jebson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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