1
|
Vidal‐Verdú À, Latorre‐Pérez A, Molina‐Menor E, Baixeras J, Peretó J, Porcar M. Living in a bottle: Bacteria from sediment-associated Mediterranean waste and potential growth on polyethylene terephthalate. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1259. [PMID: 35212483 PMCID: PMC8802158 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean pollution is a worldwide environmental challenge that could be partially tackled through microbial applications. To shed light on the diversity and applications of the bacterial communities that inhabit the sediments trapped in artificial containers, we analyzed residues (polyethylene terephthalate [PET] bottles and aluminum cans) collected from the Mediterranean Sea by scanning electron microscopy and next generation sequencing. Moreover, we set a collection of culturable bacteria from the plastisphere that were screened for their ability to use PET as a carbon source. Our results reveal that Proteobacteria are the predominant phylum in all the samples and that Rhodobacteraceae, Woeseia, Actinomarinales, or Vibrio are also abundant in these residues. Moreover, we identified marine isolates with enhanced growth in the presence of PET: Aquimarina intermedia, Citricoccus spp., and Micrococcus spp. Our results suggest that the marine environment is a source of biotechnologically promising bacterial isolates that may use PET or PET additives as carbon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Vidal‐Verdú
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)University of Valencia‐CSICPaternaSpain
| | | | - Esther Molina‐Menor
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)University of Valencia‐CSICPaternaSpain
| | - Joaquin Baixeras
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ValenciaPaternaSpain
| | - Juli Peretó
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)University of Valencia‐CSICPaternaSpain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence S.L.PaternaSpain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ValenciaBurjassotSpain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)University of Valencia‐CSICPaternaSpain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence S.L.PaternaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sekot G, Posch G, Oh YJ, Zayni S, Mayer HF, Pum D, Messner P, Hinterdorfer P, Schäffer C. Analysis of the cell surface layer ultrastructure of the oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:525-39. [PMID: 22273979 PMCID: PMC3354324 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia is decorated with a 2D crystalline surface (S-) layer, with two different S-layer glycoprotein species being present. Prompted by the predicted virulence potential of the S-layer, this study focused on the analysis of the arrangement of the individual S-layer glycoproteins by a combination of microscopic, genetic, and biochemical analyses. The two S-layer genes are transcribed into mRNA and expressed into protein in equal amounts. The S-layer was investigated on intact bacterial cells by transmission electron microscopy, by immune fluorescence microscopy, and by atomic force microscopy. The analyses of wild-type cells revealed a distinct square S-layer lattice with an overall lattice constant of 10.1 ± 0.7 nm. In contrast, a blurred lattice with a lattice constant of 9.0 nm was found on S-layer single-mutant cells. This together with in vitro self-assembly studies using purified (glyco)protein species indicated their increased structural flexibility after self-assembly and/or impaired self-assembly capability. In conjunction with TEM analyses of thin-sectioned cells, this study demonstrates the unusual case that two S-layer glycoproteins are co-assembled into a single S-layer. Additionally, flagella and pilus-like structures were observed on T. forsythia cells, which might impact the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sekot
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Gerald Posch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Yoo Jin Oh
- Christian Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4070 Linz, Austria
| | - Sonja Zayni
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Harald F. Mayer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4070 Linz, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Most animals harbour symbiotic microorganisms inside their body, where intimate interactions occur between the partners. The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, possesses 17 pairs of excretory bladders that harbour a large number of intracellular and extracellular symbiotic bacteria. In this study, we characterized the bladder symbionts using molecular phylogenetic analyses, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries suggested that six bacterial species co-colonize the leech bladders. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these species belong to the alpha-Proteobacteria (Ochrobactrum symbiont), beta-Proteobacteria (Beta-1 and Beta-2 symbionts), delta-Proteobacteria (Bdellovibrio symbiont) and Bacteroidetes (Niabella and Sphingobacterium symbionts). Species-specific PCR detection and FISH confirmed the localization of the symbiotic bacteria in the bladders. The Ochrobactrum, Beta-1, Bdellovibrio and Sphingobacterium symbionts were consistently detected in 13 leeches from two populations, while infection rate of the other symbionts ranged between 20% and 100% in the two leech populations. Transmission electron microscopy observations of the bladders revealed epithelial cells harbouring a number of intracellular bacilli and an additional type of extracellular, rod-shaped bacteria in the luminal region. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with group-specific oligonucleotide probes revealed the spatial organization of the bacterial species in the bladder: the Ochrobactrum symbiont was located intracellularly inside epithelial cells; the Bacteroidetes were localized close to the epithelium in the lumen of the bladder; and the Bacteroidetes layer was covered with dense beta-proteobacterial cells. These results clearly demonstrate that a simple but organized microbial community exists in the bladder of the medicinal leech.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteroidetes/genetics
- Bacteroidetes/isolation & purification
- Bacteroidetes/ultrastructure
- Biodiversity
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leeches/microbiology
- Leeches/ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Proteobacteria/genetics
- Proteobacteria/isolation & purification
- Proteobacteria/ultrastructure
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Species Specificity
- Symbiosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakakibara J, Nagano K, Murakami Y, Higuchi N, Nakamura H, Shimozato K, Yoshimura F. Loss of adherence ability to human gingival epithelial cells in S-layer protein-deficient mutants of Tannerella forsythensis. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:866-876. [PMID: 17322207 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythensis, one of the important pathogens in periodontal disease, has a typical surface layer (S-layer) consisting of regularly arrayed subunits outside the outer membrane. The S-layer in T. forsythensis is suggested to be associated with haemagglutinating activity, adhesion and invasion of host cells; however, its precise functions have been unknown. ORFs encoding the major S-layer proteins (230 and 270 kDa) of T. forsythensis ATCC 43037, tfsA and tfsB, respectively, following the names in a recent report [Lee, S.-W., Sabet, M., Um, H. S., Yang, L., Kim, H. C. & Zhu, W. (2006). Gene 371, 102-111] were determined. To verify the function of the S-layer proteins, three mutants with tfsA, tfsB, or both deleted were successfully constructed by a PCR-based overlapping method. S-layer proteins were completely lost in the double mutant. The single-deletion mutants appeared to lose one of the 230 and 270 kDa proteins. Thin-section microscopy clearly revealed that the 230 and 270 kDa proteins composed the S-layer. Although the S-layer proteins may be weakly related to haemagglutinating activity, these proteins were highly responsible for adherence to human gingival epithelial cells (Ca9-22) and KB cells. These results suggest that the S-layer proteins in T. forsythensis play an important role in the initiation stage of oral infection including periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Sakakibara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Naoya Higuchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shimozato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Liu B, Lau SCK, Ki JS, Qian PY. Particle-attached and free-living bacterial communities in a contrasting marine environment: Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2007; 61:496-508. [PMID: 17627779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity of particle-attached and free-living marine bacteria in Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong, and its adjacent coastal and estuarial environments was investigated using DNA fingerprinting and clone library analysis. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that bacterial communities in three stations of Victoria Harbor were similar, but differed from those in adjacent coastal and estuarine stations. Particle-attached and free-living bacterial community composition differed in the Victoria Harbor area. DNA sequencing of 28 bands from DGGE gel showed Alphaproteobacteria was the most abundant group, followed by the Bacteroidetes, and other Proteobacteria. Bacterial species richness (number of DGGE bands) differed among stations and populations (particle-attached and free-living; bottom and surface). BIOENV analysis indicated that the concentrations of suspended solids were the major contributing parameter for the spatial variation of total bacterial community structure. Samples from representative stations were selected for clone library (548 clones) construction and their phylogenetic distributions were similar to those of sequences from DGGE. Approximately 80% of clones were affiliated to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria. The possible influences of dynamic pollution and hydrological conditions in the Victoria Harbor area on the particle-attached and free-living bacterial community structures were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Biology and Coastal Marine Laboratory, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marzorati M, Alma A, Sacchi L, Pajoro M, Palermo S, Brusetti L, Raddadi N, Balloi A, Tedeschi R, Clementi E, Corona S, Quaglino F, Bianco PA, Beninati T, Bandi C, Daffonchio D. A novel Bacteroidetes symbiont is localized in Scaphoideus titanus, the insect vector of Flavescence dorée in Vitis vinifera. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:1467-75. [PMID: 16461701 PMCID: PMC1392918 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.2.1467-1475.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavescence dorée (FD) is a grapevine disease that afflicts several wine production areas in Europe, from Portugal to Serbia. FD is caused by a bacterium, "Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis," which is spread throughout the vineyards by a leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus (Cicadellidae). After collection of S. titanus specimens from FD-contaminated vineyards in three different areas in the Piedmont region of Italy, we performed a survey to characterize the bacterial microflora associated with this insect. Using length heterogeneity PCR with universal primers for bacteria we identified a major peak associated with almost all of the individuals examined (both males and females). Characterization by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of a major band that, after sequencing, showed a 97 to 99% identity with Bacteroidetes symbionts of the "Candidatus Cardinium hertigii" group. In addition, electron microscopy of tissues of S. titanus fed for 3 months on phytoplasma-infected grapevine plants showed bacterial cells with the typical morphology of "Ca. Cardinium hertigii." This endosymbiont, tentatively designated ST1-C, was found in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic and vitellogenic ovarian cells, in the follicle cells, and in the fat body and salivary glands. In addition, cell morphologies resembling those of "Ca. Phytoplasma vitis" were detected in the midgut, and specific PCR assays indicated the presence of the phytoplasma in the gut, fat body and salivary glands. These results indicate that ST1-C and "Ca. Phytoplasma vitis" have a complex life cycle in the body of S. titanus and are colocalized in different organs and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marzorati
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Furusawa G, Yoshikawa T, Takano Y, Mise K, Furusawa I, Okuno T, Sakata T. Characterization of cytoplasmic fibril structures found in gliding cells of Saprospira sp. Can J Microbiol 2006; 51:875-80. [PMID: 16333347 DOI: 10.1139/w05-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic fibril structures of Saprospira sp. strain SS98-5 grown on a low-nutrient agar medium were purified from cell lysates treated with Triton X-100 and were observed by electron microscopy to be about 7 nm in width and 200-300 nm in length. SDS-PAGE of the fibril structures exhibited a single protein band with a molecular mass of 61 kDa. A Saprospira cytoplasmic fibril protein (SCFP), which is a subunit of the fibril structures, was digested with trypsin to oligopeptides and analyzed for amino acid sequences. A partial nucleotide sequence of the SCFP gene was determined after PCR using primers designated from the amino acid sequences of the oligopeptides. SCFP gene including DNA fragments were detected by Southern hybridization using the PCR product for an SCFP gene as a probe and were cloned to determine whole nucleotide sequences. The SCFP gene indicated relatively higher similarity to conserved hypothetical phage tail sheath proteins. A Western immunoblotting analysis showed that SCFP was significantly expressed in gliding cells as compared with nongliding cells. The above findings with the previously reported results suggest that the cytoplasmic fibril structures are possibly related to the gliding motility of Saprospira sp. strain SS98-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gou Furusawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schauer M, Hahn MW. Diversity and phylogenetic affiliations of morphologically conspicuous large filamentous bacteria occurring in the pelagic zones of a broad spectrum of freshwater habitats. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1931-40. [PMID: 15812022 PMCID: PMC1082555 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.1931-1940.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous bacteria with a conspicuous morphology were found in the majority of the bacterioplankton samples from a variety of freshwater habitats that were studied. These heterotrophic filaments typically account for < 1 to 11% of the total number of bacteria. The biovolume of this morphotype can exceed 40% of the biovolume for all bacteria. Surprisingly, we found hardly any data on these morphologically conspicuous filaments in the literature. Mixed cultures containing these filamentous bacteria were established by cultivation and isolation experiments with samples from different freshwater lakes. Nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from several mixed cultures and environmental samples from habitats in Europe, Africa, China, Australia, and New Zealand. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed that three groups form a single monophyletic cluster, the SOL cluster, in the family Saprospiraceae. We developed a set of six nested probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. Of the six probes, one probe was specific for Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, three probes were specific for the three subclusters (each probe was specific for one subcluster), one probe was specific for the entire SOL cluster, and another probe targeted almost the entire Saprospiraceae family. Specific hybridization of environmental samples and enrichments showed that the members of the three subclusters exhibited the same filamentous morphology. So far, using the subcluster-specific probes, we have not been able to detect any bacteria with a differing morphology. We conclude that the SOL cluster bacteria are an integral part of bacterioplankton in many freshwater habitats. They potentially account for a large fraction of the total bacterial biomass but have been underrepresented in molecular diversity studies so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schauer
- Institute for Limnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fujita T, Hatanaka H, Hayashi K, Shigematsu N, Takase S, Okamoto M, Okuhara M, Shimatani K, Satoh A. FR901451, a novel inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase from Flexibacter sp. I. Producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1994; 47:1359-64. [PMID: 7844029 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.47.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel human leukocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitor, FR901451 was discovered in the fermentation broth of a bacteria. The bacteria was identified as Flexibacter sp. No. 758. FR901451 has a molecular weight of 1269 and a molecular formula of C60H79N13O18. The mode of inhibition against HLE is competitive, with a Ki value of 9.8 x 10(-9) M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Fujita
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hansen GH, Bergh O, Michaelsen J, Knappskog D. Flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., a pathogen of eggs and larvae of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1992; 42:451-8. [PMID: 1503974 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-42-3-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A psychrotrophic Flexibacter sp., Flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., was isolated from the adherent bacterial epiflora of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) eggs and was shown to be an opportunistic pathogen for halibut eggs and larvae. The strains which we isolated had the enzymatic capacity to dissolve both the chorion and the zona radiata of the egg shells. A total of 35 isolates were characterized by using morphological and biochemical tests. These strains were rod shaped, gram negative, Kovacs oxidase positive, and pale yellow and exhibited gliding motility. They did not produce acid from any of the wide range of carbohydrates tested. Our isolates had the ability to degrade gelatin, tyrosine, DNA, and Tween 80. Starch, cellulose, and chitin were not degraded. The strains were catalase and nitrate reductase positive, did not produce H2S, and did not grow under anaerobic conditions. F. ovolyticus resembles Flexibacter maritimus, but differs from the latter species in several biochemical and physiological characteristics. DNAs from F. ovolyticus strains had guanine-plus-cytosine contents which ranged from 30.3 to 32.0 mol% (strains EKC001, EKD002T [T = type strain], and VKB004), and DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed levels of relatedness between F. ovolyticus EKD002T and F. maritimus NCMB 2154T and NCMB 2153 of 42.7 and 30.0%, respectively. Compared with previously described Cytophaga and Flexibacter spp. with low guanine-plus-cytosine contents, F. ovolyticus constitutes a new species. Strain EKD002 (= NCIMB 13127) is the type strain of the new species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The unusual morphology and cellular arrangement of a member of the genus Simonsiella is described. The organism is characterized by the formation of very long trichomes, which can be greater than 1,000 microns in length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Whitehouse
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Swarm cells of Thiothrix nivea were found to possess a group of fimbriae at one pole. The other pole either was bare or possessed from one to three fimbriae. By using this polarity as a marker, it was found that the initial step in attachment of swarm cells involves the fimbriated pole and that this initial step is followed by the production of holdfast material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Larkin
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
A member of the genus Simonsiella, presumptively identified as S. muelleri, was isolated from a gastric aspirate taken from a neonate 15 min postpartum. The neonate showed a dental cyst and early eruption of teeth, confirmed by mandibular X ray. The morphological features, cultural characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate are presented.
Collapse
|
14
|
Closset M, Dourov N, Menu R, Kaeckenbeeck A. [Simonsiella, a giant bacterium: a little-known oral microorganism. Microbiological and ultrastructural study]. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 1985; 28:163-76. [PMID: 3868423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Poirier TP, Tonelli SJ, Holt SC. Ultrastructure of gliding bacteria: scanning electron microscopy of Capnocytophaga sputigena, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and Capnocytophaga ochracea. Infect Immun 1979; 26:1146-58. [PMID: 528052 PMCID: PMC414740 DOI: 10.1128/iai.26.3.1146-1158.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
When examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, C. sputigena, and C. ochracea displayed three distinct growth zones: the original streak, an intermediate zone, and the advancing edge, or halo zone. On Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems)-soy-blood agar, the cells translocated by gliding. C. gingivalis and C. sputigena formed large, irregular isolated colonies, while C. ochracea formed a more confluent cell mass. The cells within the streak zone and in most of the intermediate zone were heaped into mounds, with the individual cells displaying a definite flow pattern, the latter characteristic of C. sputigena and C. gingivalis. The halo zone consisted of tracks of cells which appeared to have translocated back upon themselves, or were restricted in their outward movements by adjacent cells. Also present within the halo zone were small aggregates of cells, referred to as pioneer colonies. The cell surfaces of C. gingivalis and C. ochracea were smooth and free of any apparent extracellular material, whereas C. sputigena was covered with a thick amorphous material, as well as long, thick, cell surface-associated fibrils.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Tongue samples from cattle on varied diets and ranging in age from 2 months to adult were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy to observe the in situ distribution and adhesion patterns of two readily identifiable genera of filamentous bacterial. The two, both members of the Simonsiellaceae, adhere to the epithelium by means of fibers which are produced on one side of the bacterial filaments and subsequently display a sidedness in their manner of adhesion to epithelial surfaces. Other bacterial populations found on the tongue were normally members of chains and seldom present as single cells. This suggests that filamentous or chain-forming bacteria may have a selective advantage over single bacteria in their ability to colonize and remain attached to the epithelium of the tongue.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Of twenty-two strains of gliding prokaryotes examined, all but three were found to possess polar fimbriae. Fimbriae were not observed on two gliders, while Chloroflexus aurantiacus bore abundant peritrichous fimbriae. In some gliding bacteria, fimbriae were associated with 'holes' surrounded by an electron-transparent collar bearing 12 spike-like projections.
Collapse
|