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Lawung R, Danielsson B, Prachayasittikul V, Bülow L. Calorimetric analysis of cephalosporins using an immobilized TEM-1 beta-lactamase on Ni2+ chelating sepharose fast flow. Anal Biochem 2001; 296:57-62. [PMID: 11520032 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two beta-lactamases, penicillinase type I from Bacillus cereus and TEM-1 beta-lactamase from Haemophilus ducreyi, were immobilized on a Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow column loaded with Ni2+ in an active form. Flow-injection analysis of beta-lactams was performed by using an enzyme column reactor fitted into the enzyme thermistor. With both enzymes it was possible to monitor both penicillins and cephalosporins. Moreover, Michaelis constants of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase were markedly increased upon immobilization for all substrates, especially carbenicillin, cephaloridine, and cefoperazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lawung
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Long H, Ding Q, Wang TS, Huang AJ, Sun YL. [Purity analysis of cephalosporins with capillary zone electrophoresis]. Se Pu 1999; 17:570-2. [PMID: 12552694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis method is proposed for the purity determination of nine cephalosporin drugs. A background electrolyte comprising of either 20 mmol/L pH 9.20 borate buffer or 20 mmol/L pH 6.86 phosphate buffer was used for most drugs studied except for cefaloridine which formed neutral molecules at these pH values. For it 50 mmol/L pH 2.05 phosphate buffer was used instead. Internal normalization method was employed for quantitation. The method is simple, rapid and versatile. Analysis was completed within 8 min. The merits and limitations of the method were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Long
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Abstract
Four cephalosporins, cefazolin, ceftizoxime, cefaloridine and cefaclor, were determined using a novel microbore high-performance liquid chromatographic system designed to be entirely compatible with direct liquid interfacing (DLI) for mass spectrometric analysis. The chromatographic support was a 5-micron C18 column of 0.3 mm I.D., compared with the usual microbore column diameters of 1-2 mm. The mobile phase contained no buffers or salts which may have caused column blocking or mobile phase crystallization, and the use of a concentration column allowed the injection of large volumes of analyte (up to 500 microliters). The assay was reproducible, the relative standard deviations being less than 20% within-day and between-day for all the drugs. The detection limit for cefaloridine and cefazolin was 1 ng and for cefaclor and ceftizoxime 5 ng.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Moore
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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4
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Chaudhary RK, Srivastava AK. Disposition kinetics and dosage of cephaloridine in calves. Br Vet J 1989; 145:389-93. [PMID: 2775988 DOI: 10.1016/0007-1935(89)90039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of cephaloridine were investigated in calves following a single intravenous dose of 10 mg.kg-1. The distribution half-life and elimination half-life were 0.16 +/- 0.02 and 1.96 +/- 0.16 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.64 +/- 0.06 l.kg-1 and total body clearance which represents the sum of all clearance processes, was 225.2 +/- 15.1 ml.kg-1.h-1. Based on kinetic parameters, a satisfactory intravenous dosage regimen of cephaloridine in calves would be 11.0 mg.kg-1 repeated every 8 h.
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Morelli B. Zero-crossing derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of mixtures of cephaloridine and cephalothin in pure and dosage forms. J Pharm Sci 1988; 77:615-21. [PMID: 3171949 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600770713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
First- and second-derivative spectrophotometry, with a zero-crossing technique of measurement, has been used for the quantitation of two-component mixtures of cephaloridine and cephalothin Na, which are cephalosporins with closely overlapping spectral bands. Beer's Law is followed for up to 28 and 36 micrograms/mL of cephaloridine in the first- and second-derivative modes, respectively, and up to 36 micrograms/mL of cephalothin Na in both modes. Detection limits at the 0.05 level of significance were calculated to be 0.13 and 0.37 micrograms/mL of cephaloridine and cephalothin Na, respectively, in the first-derivative mode, and 0.25 and 0.29 micrograms/mL, respectively, in the second-derivative mode. The recovery of these antibiotics in mixtures of injectable dosage forms is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Morelli
- Universitá degli Studi-Bari, Dipartimento di Chimica, Italy
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6
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Dall'Asta L, Springolo V. [Detection of potential impurities in a synthetic antibiotic: cephaloridine]. Boll Chim Farm 1979; 118:680-93. [PMID: 553530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Ellis PP, Rendi MA. Effect of local anesthetics on intraocular penetration of subconjunctival antibiotics. Am J Ophthalmol 1979; 88:160-4. [PMID: 474687 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(79)90460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the subconjunctival injection of lidocaine HCl or procaine HCl with the subconjunctival injection of penicillin G, methicillin, cephaloridine, or gentamicin did not influence their intraocular penetration or subsequent antibiotic activity in aqueous humor of experimental animals.
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Abstract
The hydrolysis of cephalexin, cephalothin and cephaloridine in strongly acid medium (10--25% sulfuric acid) at high temperature (approximately 100 degrees C) was studied. The hydrolysis proceeds with a high rate (10--15 min are necessary for complete hydrolysis) and results in definite products with low mol.-wt. The hydrolysis under such hard conditions affects the side chain in 3-position, in some cases the C--N bond in the amido group in 7-position, and leads to a total cleavage of the beta-lactam ring, giving thiazine compounds. The reaction products were identified using IR and UV spectral data, thin-layer and gas chromatography, and some characteristic reactions of functional groups. The results of the investigation were used for development of photometric procedures for determination of cephalosporins.
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Waterman NG, Raff MJ, Scharfenberger L, Barnwell PA. Protein binding and concentrations of cephaloridine and cefazolin in serum and interstitial fluid of dogs. J Infect Dis 1976; 133:642-7. [PMID: 932492 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/133.6.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Percentages of free and protein-bound cefazolin and cephaloridine in serum and interstitial fluid of dogs were determined by ultrafiltration and microbiologic assay. The percentages of cephaloridine and cefazolin bound to protein in serum were 10% and 80%, respectively. In interstitial fluid accumulating within tissue-embedded polypropylene capsules, 29% of cefazolin was bound to protein, and cephaloridine was unbound. Both antibiotics rapidly penetrated the interstitial fluid and attained measurable levels 5 min after intravenous administration. Levels of total cefazolin in the interstitial fluid were generally higher than those of cephaloridine; however, concentrations of free cephaloridine in the fluid exceeded the levels of free cefazolin after the first 15 min. Binding of anitbiotics by serum proteins does not restrict such agents to the intravascular space, since a highly protein-bound compound has been shown to penetrate interstitial fluid as readily as one that is minimally bound. It should be noted, however, that this penetration may be due primarily to the slow rate of binding of cefazolin to serum proteins.
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Abstract
Large doses of cephaloridine cause acute necrosis of the proximal renal tubule that can be prevented by probenecid and other organic anions. Although there is little or no net secretion of cephaloridine by the mammalian kidney, the degree of cephaloridine uptake by the cortex of the rabbit kidney is substantial; this uptake is also prevented by probenecid and other organic anions. Cortical concentrations of cephaloridine were measured in control and probenecid-treated animals of different mammalian species. Evidence of cephaloridine trnsport was found in the guinea pig and the rat as well as in the rabbit. The degree of reduction of cortex-to-serum ratios by probenecid (control cortex-to-serum minus probenecid-treated cortex-to-serum ratios) correlated with the sensitivity to the nephrotoxicity of the drug. This degree or reduction was greatest in the rabbit, intermediate in the guinea pig, and least in the rat. In addition, the newborn rabbit, which is more resistant to the toxicity of cephaloridine than the adult, also had significantly lower cortical concentrations of cephaloridine. Finally, the acute tubular necrosis produced by extremely large doses of cefazolin in the adult rabbit was prevented by probenecid. It was concluded (1) that the nephrotoxicity of cephaloridine is related to its renal cortical transport with high intracellular concentrations of drug; and (2) that this relationship between transport and toxicity exists for cefazolin as well, although the toxicity is of a different order of magnitude. The unusual mechanism of cephaloridine transport in the proximal tubule was contrasted with that of the other cephalosporins in an attempt to explain its greater degree of nephrotoxicity.
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Iakobson LM, Zak AF, Ermolova OB, Klimova NE, Shatrova VM. [Biological and physicochemical properties of the alpha- and beta-forms of cephaloridine]. Antibiotiki 1975; 20:510-4. [PMID: 1225203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alfa- and delta forms of cephalosporin were compared. Biological activity, lantimicrobial spectrum and innocuousness of the forms and their physico-chemical properties were investigated with the methods of infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry and derivatography. No significant differences in the biological properties of alfa- and delta forms of cephalosporin were found. However, the ingrared spectrum of the delta-form was indicative of higher stability of its molecule, which was confirmed by higher thermostability of delta-cephalosporin.
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12
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Unterman HW, Weissbuch S. [Electrochemical methods for determining antibiotics. A review]. Pharmazie 1974; 29:752-6. [PMID: 4617888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Wilson WL, Avdovich HW, Hughes DW. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to antibiotics. I. Specific identification of penicillins and cephalosporins. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1974; 57:1300-13. [PMID: 4214807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Eling RF, Brissie EO. Intravenous infusion of drugs by a retrograde technique. Am J Hosp Pharm 1974; 31:740-2. [PMID: 4852555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Iakobson LM, Astanina LN, Snezhnova LP. [A study of ceporin by a paper chromatography method employing bioatography]. Antibiotiki 1974; 19:397-400. [PMID: 4618768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Fernandes E, Zorab EC, Marshall MJ, Mills PM. Ocular use of gentamicin and cephaloridine. I. Intraocular penetration. Can J Ophthalmol 1974; 9:170-5. [PMID: 4837778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Takahashi K. [Studies on the distribution of antibiotics in oral infected lesions. An improved assay of extremly small amount of cephaloridine and its distribution in oral suppurative focus (author's transl)]. Shigaku 1974; 61:976-88. [PMID: 4523129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
An experimental model was designed to study the ability of antibiotics to enter the pericardial compartment. Noninfected and infected pericardial fluid and serum antibiotic activities were determined in adult mongrel dogs before and at intervals after antibiotic administration. After the administration of penicillin G, methicillin, cephaloridine, streptomycin, or gentamicin, clinically adequate antibiotic levels in the noninfected pericardial fluid were obtained within 1 h, and these levels approached or exceeded the serum levels within 2-4 h. Antibiotic levels obtained from infected dog pericardial fluids were higher than those from noninfected animals. Patients' serum and pericardial fluid antibiotic levels were measured after penicillin G, penicillin V, cephalothin, and gentamicin administration. We have found, both in the canine and human studies, that pericardial antibiotic levels taken at least 2 h after antibiotic administration are almost identical to those in the blood.
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20
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Tokuda H, Hatano H. [Studies on the penetration of antibiotics into the tear. I. The penetration of cephaloridine, cephapirin and kanamycin into the tear (author's transl)]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1973; 77:1168-74. [PMID: 4797092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Tune BM. Effect of organic acid transport inhibitors on renal cortical uptake and proximal tubular toxicity of cephaloridine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1972; 181:250-6. [PMID: 5030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Royer J, Rollin JP, Kazmierczak A, Rousse C. [Antibiotic activity of the aqueous humor in man (after general antibiotherapy)]. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1970; 70:1216-20. [PMID: 5535833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
WE report some preliminary measurements on the polarographic reduction of cephalosporin C, cephalothin [7-(2-thienylacetamido)-cephalosporanic acid] and cephaloridine [7-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid betaine].
Green, Page & Staniforth (1965) have shown that cephalosporin C derivatives give well-defined infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra that can be used for their qualitative identification. Martin & Shaw (1965) have reviewed the application of methods such as ultraviolet spectrophotometry, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis for cephaloridine, while Chapman, Page & others (1968) have described infrared and X-ray powder measurements for this compound. The application of mass spectroscopy to the structural elucidation of cephalosporin derivatives has been reported by Richter & Biemann (1965).
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Scaglione V, Migliorini D. [Diaplacental passage of cephaloridine]. Attual Ostet Ginecol 1968; 14:319-26. [PMID: 5737703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Abstract
Abstract
Infrared spectra of Nujol mulls and X-ray powder photographs have shown that cephaloridine can exist in at least six different crystalline forms. The preparation, interconversion and properties of these forms are discussed. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to check their chemical identity.
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Cockett AT, Moore RS, Roberts AP. Distribution of some newer antibiotics within the kidney interstitium: a therapeutic consideration in pyelonephritis. Invest Urol 1967; 5:250-9. [PMID: 6073633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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33
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Nakazawa S, Tsuji A, Watanaba Y, Tsujimoto S. [Fundamental studies on synthetic cephalosporin antibiotics. 2. Therapeutic effects of oral administration on experimental infections in mice and their distribution in the body]. J Antibiot B 1967; 20:254-8. [PMID: 4866093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Buri P. [Cephalosperin C and its semi-synthetic derivatives. 1. Identification and separation by thin-layer chromatography]. Pharm Acta Helv 1967; 42:344-349. [PMID: 5602002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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