1
|
Purdue MP, Hoppin JA, Blair A, Dosemeci M, Alavanja MCR. Occupational exposure to organochlorine insecticides and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:642-9. [PMID: 17096337 PMCID: PMC1971137 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine (OC) insecticides have been regulated as possible human carcinogens primarily on the basis of animal studies. However, the epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between cancer incidence and OC insecticide use among pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,311 licensed applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled between 1993 and 1997. Information on ever use of 7 OC insecticides (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor, lindane, toxaphene) was collected from a self-administered questionnaire at enrollment. Lifetime exposure-days to OC insecticides were calculated using additional data from a take-home questionnaire completed by 25,291 participants (44% of total). We found no clear evidence of an association between use of OC insecticides and incident cancers (N = 1,150) ascertained through December, 2002. When we focused on individual insecticides and structurally similar groups (aldrin and dieldrin; chlordane and heptachlor), significantly increased relative risks of some cancers were observed for use of some chemicals (rectal cancer and chlordane, lung cancer and dieldrin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and lindane, melanoma and toxaphene, leukemia and chlordane/heptachlor). Some significant decreased relative risks were also observed (colon cancer and aldrin; overall cancer and heptachlor). In conclusion, we did not observe any clear relationship between cancer risk and the use of OC insecticides. Our chemical-specific findings are based on small numbers and multiple comparisons, and should be interpreted with caution; however, some observed associations (lindane and NHL, chlordane/heptachlor and leukemia) are supported by previous evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith RA, Tramontin RR. Cattle poisoning by a mixture of endosulfan, dieldrin, DDT and DDE. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995; 37:470-1. [PMID: 8592840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In late July of 1994 two 11-mo-old Holstein heifers were found dead inside a barn after a break-and-entry into it by several animals. The other animals showed no signs of sickness. The predominant postmortem findings were pulmonary edema and muscular hemorrhage. Chemical analysis found endosulfan, dieldrin, DDT and DDE in the rumen contents of both animals. The owner admitted that a very old bottle of pesticide had been knocked over and consumed by these animals; the lid consisted of plastic tape. The sale of DDT to the public was discontinued in the US on January 1, 1973, and the sale of dieldrin was halted in the US in 1987. This case demonstrates that poisoning by long obsolete farm chemicals still must be considered in differential diagnoses of acute deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Smith
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40511, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested an etiologic relationship between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD). Organochlorine pesticides were assayed in postmortem brain samples from 20 PD, 7 Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 14 nonneurological control cases. The three groups were similar in age at death, sex, and demographic variables. Only two of 16 pesticide residues screened were detected. A long-lasting residue of DDT (pp-DDE) was found in the majority of cases of PD and AD, as well as in all the control cases; pp-DDT was significantly more likely to be found in AD controls than the PD cases (Fisher's exact two-tailed, p = 0.04). Dieldrin was detected in 6 of 20 PD brains, 1 of 7 AD, and in none of 14 control samples. Despite the relatively small number of brains assayed, the association between Dieldrin and the diagnosis of PD was highly significant (p = 0.03). Dieldrin, a lipid-soluble, long-lasting mitochondrial poison, should be investigated as a potential etiological agent of Parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Fleming
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
In the attempt to correlate clinical findings with serum levels of aldrin, sixteen patients were followed-up after acute intoxication by this agent. Eight of them, males and females, aged from 1 to 37 years, presented no or light symptoms (some discomfort and nausea). The serum of one of these patients was found to contain 16.6 ppb of aldrin and that of another, 1.41 ppb of dieldrin. A group of five patients, aged from two to 30 years, showed symptoms of moderate severity, reporting nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dyspnea, sweating, mild jerking, rise in blood pressure and convulsions. Of these cases, two were accidental and three were attempted suicides, the majority achieving complete recovery within 24 hours. Serum levels of aldrin were between 6.98 ppb and 26.3 ppb and of dieldrin between 82.00 and 314.18 ppb. We found three severe cases, aged from 21 to 35 years, two attempted suicides and one occupational case. Two of these patients died and one of them presented hypothermia, coma, absence of reflexes and generalized convulsions, and another presented abdominal pain, paleness, sweating, cold extremities, dyspnea, hyperthermia and generalized convulsions. In the first one that died the serum levels were: of aldrin 30.00 ppb and of dieldrin 720 ppb. In the other levels of 747.3 ppb of aldrin and 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin were found. The third had less serious symptoms and presented serum levels of aldrin of 31.05 ppb and of dieldrin 147.11 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Carvalho
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Focal cerebro-cortical changes, broadly classified as pale infarction, were found to coincide with convulsions in a dog poisoned by dieldrin. A primary relationship between the lesions and the mode of action of the chemical is proposed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
An outbreak of nervous disease with deaths and reproductive failure was investigated in a fully housed flock of 640 super fine wool (Sharlea) Merino sheep. During the 4 months after the flock was dipped in dieldrin, 70 adult sheep died and no live lambs were produced by the ewes. The diagnosis of poisoning with dieldrin was based upon the presence of characteristic clinical signs, pathological findings and the detection of residues of dieldrin in tissues. Deficiency of vitamin A was confirmed in 2 sheep and may have contributed to the reproductive failure.
Collapse
|
7
|
Grisedale IM. Dieldrin poisoning in cats. Vet Rec 1984; 114:363. [PMID: 6719797 DOI: 10.1136/vr.114.14.363-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
8
|
McKenzie RA, Freudigmann CL, Mawhinney H, Eaves LE, Green PE, Rees GJ. Dieldrin poisoning and botulism in Australian pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus). Aust Vet J 1982; 58:148-52. [PMID: 7126063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Autopsies and laboratory examinations of material from 24 Australian pelicans found sick or dead in southern coastal Queensland in 1977 to 1979 revealed dieldrin poisoning in 8 from the Brisbane region and botulism in 8 from Brisbane, Bundaberg and Gladstone. In those diagnosed as dieldrin poisoning, brain and liver samples contained 12.1 to 27.4 and 34.0 to 48.1 mg/kg dieldrin respectively. All of these birds were emaciated, 2 had convulsed and 1 had muscle tremors. Low and probably insignificant residues of DDE were detected in many birds. Type C botulism was confirmed in 4 of the 6 birds tested with specific antiserums. A large number of parasites including mites, lice, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, coccidia and Sarcocystis sp were found but were thought to have had only a limited effect on the health of these birds.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Evans RJ, Brown P, Sullivan K. Dieldrin poisoning of cats after woodworm treatment. Vet Rec 1981; 108:540. [PMID: 7269189 DOI: 10.1136/vr.108.25.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
11
|
Sandifer SH, Cupp CM, Wilkins RT, Loadholt B, Schuman SH. A case-control study of persons with elevated blood levels of dieldrin. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1981; 10:35-45. [PMID: 7235740 DOI: 10.1007/bf01057573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-seven pesticide workers with elevated blood levels of dieldrin (greater than or equal to 15 ppb) were involved in a case-control study which included history and physical examination, comprehensive neurological evaluation, laboratory tests, and psychological and psychomotor testing. No clinically important differences were found on history, physical, specialized neurological tests, or laboratory examination. The exposed group showed a statistically significant difference in five out of 58 psychological (P) and psychomotor (PM) tests--at least three would be expected by chance (p less than or equal to .05). In only one of these tests was there any significant correlation with dieldrin levels. Even though the exposed group had worse scores than the control group in 47 of 58 P--PM tests, such scores were, with a few exceptions, in the normal range of values. Elevated blood levels of dieldrin encountered in this study do not appear to have any chronic deleterious effects on health, as measured by conventional medical work-up and extensive central nervous system testing.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stanley PI, Bunyan PJ. Hazards to wintering geese and other wildlife from the use of dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion as wheat seed treatments. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1979; 205:31-45. [PMID: 40240 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1979.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical treatments of cereal seeds are used in the United Kingdom to prevent damage by a number of pests including the wheat bulb fly, which is a serious pest of winter wheat. The persistent organochlorine dieldrin was introduced in the 1950s as a seed treatment but caused the death of large numbers of grain eating birds and gave rise to unacceptable environmental contamination. The withdrawal of dieldrin as a seed treatment was made possible by the introduction of two less persistent organophosphate insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion. Although the introduction of these chemicals has been beneficial in reducing environmental contamination, some side-effects on wildlife have still been discernible and carbophenothion has now been withdrawn from use in Scotland owing to the deaths of wintering geese from carbophenothion poisoning. Subsequent laboratory studies have demonstrated that Anser geese are particularly susceptible to carbophenothion poisoning, and the underlying biochemical mechanism has been investigated. The fundamental problem of species variation in toxicity among the organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides which this investigation illustrates presents difficulties for registration authorities when they are considered for clearance for agricultural use. The implications of the environmental problems encountered with dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion for the pre-clearance testing of new chemicals are discussed and the critical surveillance of the early years of commercial use of a chemical is recommended to support pre-clearance studies aimed at assessing the potential hazard to the environment.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Van Houweling CD, Bixler WB, McDowell JR. Role of the Food and Drug Administration concerning chemical contaminants in animal feeds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977; 171:1153-6. [PMID: 200590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemical contamination of animal feeds and feed ingredients is of concern to the Food and Drug Administration. Contamination by industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls; heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury; and pesticides such as dieldrin and chlordane exemplify the problem in feeds and the resulting problem of tissue residues in human foods.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Clinical, necropsy, bacteriologic, parasitologic, histopathologic, toxicologic and animal inoculation studies suggest that organochlorine (PBC, dieldrin and DDE) poisoning was an important factor in causing deaths of free-flying ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in southern Ontario in 1969 and 1973. The brains of gulls dying with clinical signs of neurologic involvement, and dead gulls with no other apparent cause of death, contained organochlorine residues of significantly greater levels than those found in healthy gulls shot for comparison.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Cromartie E, Reichel WL, Locke LN, Belisle AA, Kaiser TE, Lamont TG, Mulhern BM, Prouty RM, Swineford DM. Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and autopsy data for bald eagles, 1971-72. Pestic Monit J 1975; 9:11-4. [PMID: 810769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-seven bald eagles found sick or dead in 18 States during 1971-72 were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). DDE and PCB's were detected in all bald eagle carcasses; 30 carcasses contained DDD and 28 contained dieldrin. Four eagles contained possibly lethal levels of dieldrin and nine eagles had been poisoned by thallium. Autopsies revealed that illegal shooting was the most common cause of mortality. Since 1964 when data were first collected, 8 of the 17 eagles obtained from Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, and Florida possibly died from dieldrin poisoning; all four specimens from Maryland and Virginia were from the Chesapeake Bay Tidewater area.
Collapse
|
18
|
Glass WI. Dieldrin poisoning: case report. N Z Med J 1975; 81:202-3. [PMID: 1055942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A case of dieldrin poisoning is reported. This case exemplifies the factor of weight loss and speculates on possible treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
A 21-year-old man ingested 120 mg/Kg of technical dieldrin (hexachloro-epoxy-octahydrodimethano-naphthalene), and survived after mannitol catharsis and three days of vigorous anticonvulsive treatment (which included muscle paralysis), β sympathetic blockade and conventional supportive treatment. His progress has been followed for two months with EEG recording and measurements of serum and adipose tissue dieldrin levels. These data suggest that he may have absorbed only a fraction of the ingested dose.
Collapse
|
20
|
Reichel WL, Locke LN, Prouty RM. Peregrine falcon suspected of pesticide poisoning. Avian Dis 1974; 18:487-9. [PMID: 4853578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
21
|
Van Gelder GA, Carson TL, Smith RM, Buck WB, Karas GG. Neurophysiologic and behavioral toxicologic testing to detect subclinical neurologic alterations induced by environmental toxicants. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1973; 163:1033-5. [PMID: 4206143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Hernandez Cochon JM, Moreno Martinez P, Najera E. [Study on the natural decontamination of fishes and mussels after an accidental contamination with Dieldrin]. Rev Sanid Hig Publica (Madr) 1973; 46:437-51. [PMID: 4737087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Tarmas J, Stefańska-Sulik E, Pieczko-Kuduk I. [Morphological changes in the central nervous system of the guinea pig under the influence of the Alvit 55 pesticide]. Patol Pol 1973; 24:295-302. [PMID: 4726770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
26
|
Wiese IH, Basson NC, Basson PA, Naudé TW, Maartens BP. The toxicology and pathology of dieldrin and photodieldrin poisoning in two antelope species. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1973; 40:31-9. [PMID: 4717635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
27
|
Décamps H, Besch KW, Vobis H. [Effect of toxic products on net building by Hydropsyche larva (Insecta, Trichoptera)]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1973; 276:375-8. [PMID: 4197486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
28
|
Ladefoged AM. [Lethal organ residues for dieldrin in two heifers (author's transl)]. Nord Vet Med 1973; 25:46-7. [PMID: 4789820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
29
|
Belisle AA, Reichel WL, Locke LN, Lamont TG, Mulhern BM, Prouty RM, DeWolf RB, Cromartie E. Residues of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury and autopsy data for bald eagles, 1969 and 1970. Pestic Monit J 1972; 6:133-8. [PMID: 4634055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Uzoukwu M, Sleight SD. Dieldrin toxicosis: fetotoxicosis, tissue concentrations, and microscopic and ultrastructural changes in guinea pigs. Am J Vet Res 1972; 33:579-83. [PMID: 5014466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
34
|
Tadjer GS, Dore I. [Possibility of insecticide contamination of bottles used by food industries]. Harefuah 1971; 81:385. [PMID: 5172844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
Goulding R. Contamination in countryside and home. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1971; 5:374-8. [PMID: 5115270 PMCID: PMC5366598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
Nowak W, Lotocki W, Stasiewicz A, Badurski J, Szrzedziński J. [Dieldrin poisoning during pregnancy]. Pol Tyg Lek 1971; 26:958-9. [PMID: 5564516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Braund DG, Langlois BE, Conner DJ, Moore EE. Feeding phenobarbital and activated carbon to accelerate dieldrin residue removal in a contaminated dairy herd. J Dairy Sci 1971; 54:435-8. [PMID: 5109950 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(71)85861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
41
|
|
42
|
St Omer V. Investigations into mechanisms responsible for seizures induced by chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides: the role of brain ammonia and glutamine in convulsions in the rat and cockerel. J Neurochem 1971; 18:365-74. [PMID: 4104375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb11964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Wilson KA, Cook RM. Metabolism of xenobiotics in ruminants. Use of activated carbon as an antidote for pesticide poisoning in ruminants. J Agric Food Chem 1970; 18:437-440. [PMID: 5487100 DOI: 10.1021/jf60169a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Abstract
Four out of five members of a team of farmworkers who had been using various herbicides and pesticides in intensive agriculture became impotent. Sexual function recovered after further contact with the chemicals was stopped and hormone therapy had been given, though in one case this took about a year. We have not been able to incriminate one particular substance, but with the circumstantial evidence and the lack of any other obvious cause it seems likely that the impotence was due to the toxic effects of one or more of the chemicals being used.
Collapse
|
47
|
Harr JR, Claeys RR, Bone JF, McCorcle TW. Dieldrin toxidosis: rat reproduction. Am J Vet Res 1970; 31:181-9. [PMID: 5414277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
Keane, William T., Zavon, Mitchell R., and Witherup, Samuel H. (1969).Brit. J. industr. Med.,26, 338-341. Dieldrin poisoning in dogs: relation to obesity and treatment. The time interval required for poisoning to result in mammals from the prolonged absorption of a relatively constant amount of dieldrin, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, is directly related to obesity. This relationship should be applicable regardless of the route of absorption of dieldrin (ingestion, inhalation, or percutaneous). Forced feeding of a high calorific value food appears to have a place in the treatment of dieldrin poisoning and, by extension, in the treatment of poisoning from many other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides.
Collapse
|
50
|
|