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Çıldır ÖŞ, Özmen Ö, Kul S, Rişvanlı A, Özalp G, Sabuncu A, Kul O. Genetic analysis of PALB2 gene WD40 domain in canine mammary tumour patients. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1366. [PMID: 38527110 PMCID: PMC10962921 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA repair mechanisms are essential for tumorigenesis and disruption of HR mechanism is an important predisposing factor of human breast cancers (BC). PALB2 is an important part of the HR. There are similarities between canine mammary tumours (CMT) and BCs. As its human counterpart, PALB2 mutations could be a predisposing factor of CMT. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to investigate the impacts of PALB2 variants on tumorigenesis and canine mammary tumor (CMT) malignancy. METHODS We performed Sanger sequencing to detect germline mutations in the WD40 domain of the canine PALB2 gene in CMT patients. We conducted in silico analysis to investigate the variants, and compared the germline PALB2 mutations in humans that cause breast cancer (BC) with the variants detected in dogs with CMT. RESULTS We identified an intronic (c.3096+8C>G) variant, two exonic (p.A1050V and p.R1354R) variants, and a 3' UTR variant (c.4071T>C). Of these, p.R1354R and c.4071T>C novel variants were identified for the first time in this study. We found that the p.A1050V mutation had a significant effect. However, we could not determine sufficient similarity due to the differences in nucleotide/amino acid sequences between two species. Nonetheless, possible variants of human sequences in the exact location as their dog counterparts are associated with several cancer types, implying that the variants could be crucial for tumorigenesis in dogs. Our results did not show any effect of the variants on tumor malignancy. CONCLUSIONS The current project is the first study investigating the relationship between the PALB2 gene WD40 domain and CMTs. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of the PALB2 gene in CMTs. In humans, variant positions in canines have been linked to cancer-related phenotypes such as familial BC, endometrial tumor, and hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome. The results of bioinformatics analyses should be investigated through functional tests or case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Şebnem Çıldır
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKafkas UniversityKarsTürkiye
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - Özge Özmen
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - Selim Kul
- Department of Animal BreedingFaculty of Veterinary MedicineYozgat Bozok UniversityYozgatTürkiye
| | - Ali Rişvanlı
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFırat UniversityElazığTürkiye
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKyrgyz‐Turkish Manas UniversityBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Gözde Özalp
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineBursa Uludağ UniversityBursaTürkiye
| | - Ahmet Sabuncu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicineİstanbul UniversityİstanbulTürkiye
| | - Oğuz Kul
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKırıkkale UniversityKırıkkaleTürkiye
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Belotserkovskaya R, Raga Gil E, Lawrence N, Butler R, Clifford G, Wilson MD, Jackson SP. PALB2 chromatin recruitment restores homologous recombination in BRCA1-deficient cells depleted of 53BP1. Nat Commun 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32041954 PMCID: PMC7010753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of functional BRCA1 protein leads to defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR) and renders cells hypersensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors used to treat BRCA1/2-deficient cancers. However, upon chronic treatment of BRCA1-mutant cells with PARP inhibitors, resistant clones can arise via several mechanisms, including loss of 53BP1 or its downstream co-factors. Defects in the 53BP1 axis partially restore the ability of a BRCA1-deficient cell to form RAD51 filaments at resected DSBs in a PALB2- and BRCA2-dependent manner, and thereby repair DSBs by HR. Here we show that depleting 53BP1 in BRCA1-null cells restores PALB2 accrual at resected DSBs. Moreover, we demonstrate that PALB2 DSB recruitment in BRCA1/53BP1-deficient cells is mediated by an interaction between PALB2's chromatin associated motif (ChAM) and the nucleosome acidic patch region, which in 53BP1-expressing cells is bound by 53BP1's ubiquitin-directed recruitment (UDR) domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma Belotserkovskaya
- Wellcome Trust CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Elisenda Raga Gil
- Wellcome Trust CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Nicola Lawrence
- Wellcome Trust CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Gillian Clifford
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Marcus D Wilson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK.
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Wellcome Trust CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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Decker B, Allen J, Luccarini C, Pooley KA, Shah M, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Ahmed S, Baynes C, Conroy DM, Brown J, Luben R, Ostrander EA, Pharoah PD, Dunning AM, Easton DF. Rare, protein-truncating variants in ATM, CHEK2 and PALB2, but not XRCC2, are associated with increased breast cancer risks. J Med Genet 2017; 54:732-741. [PMID: 28779002 PMCID: PMC5740532 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and has a major heritable component. The risks associated with most rare susceptibility variants are not well estimated. To better characterise the contribution of variants in ATM, CHEK2, PALB2 and XRCC2, we sequenced their coding regions in 13 087 BC cases and 5488 controls from East Anglia, UK. METHODS Gene coding regions were enriched via PCR, sequenced, variant called and filtered for quality. ORs for BC risk were estimated separately for carriers of truncating variants and of rare missense variants, which were further subdivided by functional domain and pathogenicity as predicted by four in silico algorithms. RESULTS Truncating variants in PALB2 (OR=4.69, 95% CI 2.27 to 9.68), ATM (OR=3.26; 95% CI 1.82 to 6.46) and CHEK2 (OR=3.11; 95% CI 2.15 to 4.69), but not XRCC2 (OR=0.94; 95% CI 0.26 to 4.19) were associated with increased BC risk. Truncating variants in ATM and CHEK2 were more strongly associated with risk of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive than ER-negative disease, while those in PALB2 were associated with similar risks for both subtypes. There was also some evidence that missense variants in ATM, CHEK2 and PALB2 may contribute to BC risk, but larger studies are necessary to quantify the magnitude of this effect. CONCLUSIONS Truncating variants in PALB2 are associated with a higher risk of BC than those in ATM or CHEK2. A substantial risk of BC due to truncating XRCC2 variants can be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Decker
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie Allen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Don M Conroy
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Dp Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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