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Sasaki T, Saito R, Oyama M, Takeuchi T, Tanaka T, Natsume H, Tamura M, Arata Y, Hatanaka T. Galectin-2 Has Bactericidal Effects against Helicobacter pylori in a β-galactoside-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082697. [PMID: 32295066 PMCID: PMC7215486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is associated with the onset of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins involved in diverse biological phenomena. Galectin-2 (Gal-2), a member of the galectin family, is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Although some galectin family proteins are involved in immunoreaction, the role of Gal-2 against H. pylori infection remains unclear. In this study, the effects of Gal-2 on H. pylori morphology and survival were examined. Gal-2 induced H. pylori aggregation depending on β-galactoside and demonstrated a bactericidal effect. Immunohistochemical staining of the gastric tissue indicated that Gal-2 existed in the gastric mucus, as well as mucosa. These results suggested that Gal-2 plays a role in innate immunity against H. pylori infection in gastric mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Rei Saito
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Midori Oyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideshi Natsume
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Mayumi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173–8605, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173–8605, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Tomomi Hatanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Saitama 350-0295, Japan; (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.O.); (T.T.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
- Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259–1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-271-7675
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Yıldırım C, Vogel DYS, Hollander MR, Baggen JM, Fontijn RD, Nieuwenhuis S, Haverkamp A, de Vries MR, Quax PHA, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van der Laan AM, Dijkstra CD, van der Pouw Kraan TCTM, van Royen N, Horrevoets AJG. Galectin-2 induces a proinflammatory, anti-arteriogenic phenotype in monocytes and macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124347. [PMID: 25884209 PMCID: PMC4401781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-2 is a monocyte-expressed carbohydrate-binding lectin, for which increased expression is genetically determined and associated with decreased collateral arteriogenesis in obstructive coronary artery disease patients. The inhibiting effect of galectin-2 on arteriogenesis was confirmed in vivo, but the mechanism is largely unknown. In this study we aimed to explore the effects of galectin-2 on monocyte/macrophage phenotype in vitro and vivo, and to identify the receptor by which galectin-2 exerts these effects. We now show that the binding of galectin-2 to different circulating human monocyte subsets is dependent on monocyte surface expression levels of CD14. The high affinity binding is blocked by an anti-CD14 antibody but not by carbohydrates, indicating a specific protein-protein interaction. Galectin-2 binding to human monocytes modulated their transcriptome by inducing proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting pro-arteriogenic factors, while attenuating monocyte migration. Using specific knock-out mice, we show that galectin-2 acts through the CD14/toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 pathway. Furthermore, galectin-2 skews human macrophages to a M1-like proinflammatory phenotype, characterized by a reduced motility and expression of an anti-arteriogenic cytokine/growth factor repertoire. This is accompanied by a switch in surface protein expression to CD40-high and CD206-low (M1). In a murine model we show that galectin-2 administration, known to attenuate arteriogenesis, leads to increased numbers of CD40-positive (M1) and reduced numbers of CD206-positive (M2) macrophages surrounding actively remodeling collateral arteries. In conclusion galectin-2 is the first endogenous CD14/TLR4 ligand that induces a proinflammatory, non-arteriogenic phenotype in monocytes/macrophages. Interference with CD14-Galectin-2 interaction may provide a new intervention strategy to stimulate growth of collateral arteries in genetically compromised cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Yıldırım
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Y. S. Vogel
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josefien M. Baggen
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud D. Fontijn
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Nieuwenhuis
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Haverkamp
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Dept of Vascular Surgery, Einthoven Laboratories, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Dept of Vascular Surgery, Einthoven Laboratories, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juan J. Garcia-Vallejo
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja M. van der Laan
- Dept of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christine D. Dijkstra
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Niels van Royen
- Dept of Cardiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J. G. Horrevoets
- Dept of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Stowell SR, Karmakar S, Stowell CJ, Dias-Baruffi M, McEver RP, Cummings RD. Human galectin-1, -2, and -4 induce surface exposure of phosphatidylserine in activated human neutrophils but not in activated T cells. Blood 2006; 109:219-27. [PMID: 16940423 PMCID: PMC1785076 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-007153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular turnover is associated with exposure of surface phosphatidylserine (PS) in apoptotic cells, leading to their phagocytic recognition and removal. But recent studies indicate that surface PS exposure is not always associated with apoptosis. Here we show that several members of the human galectin family of glycan binding proteins (galectins-1, -2, and -4) induce PS exposure in a carbohydrate-dependent fashion in activated, but not resting, human neutrophils and in several leukocyte cell lines. PS exposure is not associated with apoptosis in activated neutrophils. The exposure of PS in cell lines treated with these galectins is sustained and does not affect cell viability. Unexpectedly, these galectins bind well to activated T lymphocytes, but do not induce either PS exposure or apoptosis, indicating that galectin's effects are cell specific. These results suggest novel immunoregulatory contribution of galectins in regulating leukocyte turnover independently of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Stowell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Sougata Karmakar
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Caleb J. Stowell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Rodger P. McEver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
- Correspondence: Richard D. Cummings,
William Patterson Timmie Professor and Chair, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd # 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322; e-mail:
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