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Yang MH, Liao CC, Hung JH, Lai XT, Yen CH, Chen YMA. Utilizing proteomic approach to identify nuclear translocation related serine kinase phosphorylation site of GNMT as downstream effector for benzo[a]pyrene. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:603-609. [PMID: 30987732 PMCID: PMC9296196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) protein is highly expressed in certain tissues, such as liver, pancreas, and prostate. GNMT serves multiple roles which include a methyl group transfer enzyme and a liver tumor suppressor. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a family member of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a known environmental carcinogen found in coal tar, tobacco smoke, barbecued food and incomplete combustion of auto fuel. BaP recruits cytochrome P450 to transform itself into benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (B(a) PDE), which covalently interacts with DNA causing tumorigenesis. BaP can be detoxified through GNMT and induces GNMT translocation into the cellular nucleus. GNMT translocation is accompanied by phosphorylation, but the role of phosphorylation in GNMT remains to be explored. Using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, this study identified serine 9 of GNMT as the phosphorylation site upon BaP treatment. When serine 9 was mutated and lost the capability to be phosphorylated, the occurrence of BaP-induced GNMT nuclear translocation was dramatically decreased. Also, this mutant from of GNMT lost the ability of phosphorylation and increased cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1a) expression upon BaP treatment. In addition, protein kinase C (PKC) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) may be required for such phosphorylation. Further characterization of phosphorylated GNMT for its link to BaP may bring new insights into chemical detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529,
Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708,
Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031,
Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807,
Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221,
Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsien Hung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708,
Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Ting Lai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221,
Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708,
Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708,
Taiwan
- Research Center for Natural products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: (C.-H. Yen), (Y.-M.A. Chen)
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708,
Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. No. 100, Shih-Chuan Ist Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan. Fax: +886 7 3222783
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Kim MJ, Jung WH, Koo JS. Expression of sarcosine metabolism-related proteins in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer according to the androgen receptor and HER-2 status. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:7967-7977. [PMID: 26339363 PMCID: PMC4555691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of sarcosine metabolism related proteins according to androgen receptor (AR) and HER-2 status in estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer and to analyze its clinical implications. Tissue microarray was constructed for a total of 334 cases of ER negative breast cancer. Immunohistochemical stain was conducted for sarcosine metabolism related proteins such as glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH), and l-pipecolic acid oxidase (PIPOX). There were 131 AR positive, 205 AR negative cases and 143 HER-2 positive, 193 HER-2 negative cases. When subdividing into four groups according to AR and HER-2 status, there were 55 AR(+)/HER-2(-) cases, 76 AR(+)/HER-2(+) cases, 67 AR(-)/HER-2(+) cases and 138 AR(-)/HER-2(-) cases. GNMT and PIPOX expression was highest in the AR(+)/HER-2(-) group while expressed lowest in the AR(-)/HER-2(-) group (P<0.001). Stromal PIPOX expression was highest in the AR(-)/HER-2(+) group and lowest in the AR(-)/HER-2(-) group (P=0.010). GNMT and PIPOX expression was higher in the AR positive group compared with those of AR negative group (P=0.001, and P<0.001, respectively), while tumoral and stromal PIPOX expression showed a significant association with HER-2 positivity (P=0.006, and P=0.005, respectively). AR positive group had the highest ratio of low sarcosine type while the AR negative group had the highest ratio of null type (P<0.001). In conclusion, ER negative breast cancer showed different expression of sarcosine metabolism related proteins according to AR and HER-2 status. GNMT and PIPOX expression was high in the AR positive group while tumoral and stromal PIPOX expression was high in the HER-2 positive group.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Glycine N-Methyltransferase/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Androgen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/deficiency
- Sarcosine/metabolism
- Sarcosine Dehydrogenase/analysis
- Sarcosine Oxidase/analysis
- Stromal Cells/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical CenterIncheon, Korea
| | - Woo Hee Jung
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
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