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Issafras H, Fan S, Tseng CL, Cheng Y, Lin P, Xiao L, Huang YJ, Tu CH, Hsiao YC, Li M, Chen YH, Ho CH, Li O, Wang Y, Chen S, Ji Z, Zhang E, Mao YT, Liu E, Yang S, Jiang W. Structural basis of HLX10 PD-1 receptor recognition, a promising anti-PD-1 antibody clinical candidate for cancer immunotherapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257972. [PMID: 34972111 PMCID: PMC8719770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), represents a breakthrough in cancer treatment, resulting in unprecedented results in terms of overall and progression-free survival. Discovery and development of novel anti PD-1 inhibitors remains a field of intense investigation, where novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and novel antibody formats (e.g., novel isotype, bispecific mAb and low-molecular-weight compounds) are major source of future therapeutic candidates. HLX10, a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1 receptor, increased functional activities of human T-cells and showed in vitro, and anti-tumor activity in several tumor models. The combined inhibition of PD-1/PDL-1 and angiogenesis pathways using anti-VEGF antibody may enhance a sustained suppression of cancer-related angiogenesis and tumor elimination. To elucidate HLX10's mode of action, we solved the structure of HLX10 in complex with PD-1 receptor. Detailed epitope analysis showed that HLX10 has a unique mode of recognition compared to the clinically approved PD1 antibodies Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab. Notably, HLX10's epitope was closer to Pembrolizumab's epitope than Nivolumab's epitope. However, HLX10 and Pembrolizumab showed an opposite heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) usage, which recognizes several overlapping amino acid residues on PD-1. We compared HLX10 to Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab and it showed similar or better bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, providing a rationale for clinical evaluation in cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Immunotherapy
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Ligands
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Models, Molecular
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Nivolumab/chemistry
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/chemistry
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilong Fan
- National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Peihua Lin
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Xiao
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Min Li
- National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Ou Li
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Yanling Wang
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandra Chen
- Anwita Biosciences, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Eric Zhang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Mao
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Eugene Liu
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shumin Yang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
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Park AY, Nafia I, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS, Fitton JH. Fucoidan Independently Enhances Activity in Human Immune Cells and Has a Cytostatic Effect on Prostate Cancer Cells in the Presence of Nivolumab. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:12. [PMID: 35049864 PMCID: PMC8779234 DOI: 10.3390/md20010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan compounds may increase immune activity and are known to have cancer inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of fucoidan compounds on ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and to determine their cancer cell killing activity both solely, and in combination with an immune-checkpoint inhibitor drug, Nivolumab. Proliferation of PBMCs and interferon gamma (IFNγ) release were assessed in the presence of fucoidan compounds extracted from Fucus vesiculosus, Undaria pinnatifida and Macrocystis pyrifera. Total cell numbers and cell killing activity were assessed using a hormone resistant prostate cancer cell line, PC3. All fucoidan compounds activated PBMCs, and increased the effects of Nivolumab. All fucoidan compounds had significant direct cytostatic effects on PC3 cells, reducing cancer cell numbers, and PBMCs exhibited cell killing activity as measured by apoptosis. However, there was no fucoidan mediated increase in the cell killing activity. In conclusion, fucoidan compounds promoted proliferation and activity of PBMCs and added to the effects of Nivolumab. Fucoidan compounds all had a direct cytostatic effect on PC3 cells, as shown through their proliferation reduction, while their killing was not increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Park
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (J.H.F.)
| | - Imane Nafia
- Explicyte Immuno-Oncology, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Damien N. Stringer
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (J.H.F.)
| | - Samuel S. Karpiniec
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (J.H.F.)
| | - J. Helen Fitton
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (D.N.S.); (S.S.K.); (J.H.F.)
- RDadvisor, Hobart, TAS 7006, Australia
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3
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Shin J, Phelan PJ, Gjoerup O, Bachovchin W, Bullock PA. Characterization of a single chain variable fragment of nivolumab that targets PD-1 and blocks PD-L1 binding. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 177:105766. [PMID: 32987122 PMCID: PMC7518118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activated T-cells express Programmed cell Death protein 1 (PD-1), a key immune checkpoint receptor. PD-1 functions primarily in peripheral tissues, where T cells may encounter tumor-derived immunosuppressive ligands. Monoclonal antibodies that disrupt the interaction between T-cell derived PD-1 and immunosuppressive ligands, such as PD-L1, have revolutionized approaches to cancer therapy. For instance, Nivolumab is a monoclonal Ab that targets human PD-1 and has played an important role in immune checkpoint therapy. Herein we report the purification and initial characterization of a ~27 kDa single chain variable fragment (scFv) of Nivolumab that targets human PD-1 and blocks binding by PD-L1. The possibility that the anti-PD-1 scFv can serve as both an anti-tumor agent and as an anti-viral agent is discussed. IMPORTANCE: The clinical significance of anti-PD-1 antibodies for treatment of a range of solid tumors is well documented (reviewed in [1-4]). In this report, we describe the results of studies that establish that an anti-PD-1 scFv purified from E. coli binds tightly to human PD-1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that upon binding, the anti-PD-1 scFv disrupts the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. Thus, the properties of this scFv, including its small size, stability and affinity for human PD-1, suggest that it has the potential to be a useful reagent in subsequent immunotherapeutic, diagnostic and anti-viral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Shin
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Paul J Phelan
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Ole Gjoerup
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - William Bachovchin
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Peter A Bullock
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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4
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Wang M, Wang J, Wang R, Jiao S, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhang M. Identification of a monoclonal antibody that targets PD-1 in a manner requiring PD-1 Asn58 glycosylation. Commun Biol 2019; 2:392. [PMID: 31667366 PMCID: PMC6814707 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is inhibitory receptor and immune checkpoint protein. Blocking the interaction of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/ L2 is able to active T-cell-mediated antitumor response. Monoclonal antibody-based drugs targeting PD-1 pathway have exhibited great promise in cancer therapy. Here we show that MW11-h317, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, displays high affinity for PD-1 and blocks PD-1 interactions with PD-L1/L2. MW11-h317 can effectively induce T-cell-mediated immune response and inhibit tumor growth in mouse model. Crystal structure of PD-1/MW11-h317 Fab complex reveals that both the loops and glycosylation of PD-1 are involved in recognition and binding, in which Asn58 glycosylation plays a critical role. The unique glycan epitope in PD-1 to MW11-h317 is different from the first two approved clinical PD-1 antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. These results suggest MW11-h317 as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody of PD-1 glycosylation-targeting which may become efficient alternative for cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Asparagine/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Binding, Competitive
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Female
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Molecular
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Nivolumab/chemistry
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Rongjuan Wang
- Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Jiao
- Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., 102206 Beijing, China
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui China
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5
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Rattanapisit K, Phakham T, Buranapraditkun S, Siriwattananon K, Boonkrai C, Pisitkun T, Hirankarn N, Strasser R, Abe Y, Phoolcharoen W. Structural and In Vitro Functional Analyses of Novel Plant-Produced Anti-Human PD1 Antibody. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15205. [PMID: 31645587 PMCID: PMC6811542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising and effective treatment for cancer. The frequently used immunotherapy agents are immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as antibodies specific to PD1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4. However, these drugs are highly expensive, and most people in the world cannot access the treatment. The development of recombinant protein production platforms that are cost-effective, scalable, and safe is needed. Plant platforms are attractive because of their low production cost, speed, scalability, lack of human and animal pathogens, and post-translational modifications that enable them to produce effective monoclonal antibodies. In this study, an anti-PD1 IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was transiently produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The plant-produced anti-PD1 mAb was compared to the commercial nivolumab produced in CHO cells. Our results showed that both antibodies have similar protein structures, and the N-glycans on the plant-produced antibody lacks plant-specific structures. The PD1 binding affinity of the plant-produced and commercial nivolumab, determined by two different techniques, that is, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are also comparable. Plant-produced nivolumab binds to human PD1 protein with high affinity and specificity, blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and enhances T cell function, comparable to commercial nivolumab. These results confirmed that plant-produced anti-PD1 antibody has the potential to be effective agent for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapati Phakham
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center-Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Konlavat Siriwattananon
- Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatikorn Boonkrai
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshito Abe
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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