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Liu D, Brice B, Elliot A, Yang R. Morphological and molecular characterization of Isospora amphiboluri (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a coccidian parasite, in a central netted dragon (Ctenophorus nuchalis) (De Vis, 1884) in Australia. Parasitol Int 2021; 84:102386. [PMID: 34019996 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An Isospora species, Isospora amphiboluri, originally described by Canon in 1967 and later by McAllister et al. (1995), was isolated from a central netted dragon (Ctenophorus nuchalis) housed at a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Perth, Western Australia. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora amphiboluri (n = 30) are spherical, 24.2 (26.5-23.0) μm in length and 23.9 (22.4-25.9) μm in width, with a shape index of 1.01. The bilayered oocyst wall is smooth and light-yellow in color. Polar granule, oocyst residuum and micropyle are absent. The sporocysts are lemon-shaped, 15.7 (15.2-18.0) × 10.2 (8.9-11.2) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.53. Stieda and substieda bodies are present, the Stieda body being small and hemidome-shaped and the substieda half-moon-shaped. Each sporocyst contains four vermiform sporozoites arranged head to tail. The sporozoites are 11.7 (9.9-16.2) × 3.0 (2.4-3.5) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 3.87. A sporocyst residuum is present. Sporozoites contain a central nucleus with a finely distributed granular residuum. Comparison of oocyst measurements and their features with other valid Isospora species from hosts in the Agamid family confirmed that this Isospora species is Isospora amphiboluri. Molecular characterization of I. amphiboluri at the 18S rRNA and MTCOI loci showed the highest similarity with I. amphiboluri from the central bearded dragon, 99.8% and 99.7% respectively. This is the first report of I. amphiboluri from a central netted dragon in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Belinda Brice
- Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, 120 Gilchrist Road, Lesmurdie, Western Australia, 6076, Australia
| | - Aileen Elliot
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Rongchang Yang
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
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Ubalee R, Kim HC, Schuster AL, McCardle PW, Phasomkusolsil S, Takhampunya R, Davidson SA, Lee WJ, Klein TA. Vector Competence of Anopheles kleini and Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) From the Republic of Korea to Vivax Malaria-Infected Blood From Patients From Thailand. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:1425-1432. [PMID: 27493248 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In total, 1,300 each of Anopheles kleini Rueda and Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann sensu stricto (s.s.) females (colonized from the Republic of Korea) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison (Thai strain) were allowed to feed on blood from Thai malaria patients naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax The overall oocyst infection rates for An. dirus, An. kleini, and An. sinensis s.s. were 77.4, 46.1, and 45.9%, respectively. The mean number of oocysts was significantly higher for An. dirus (82.7) compared with An. kleini (6.1) and An. sinensis s.s. (8.6), whereas the mean number of oocysts for An. kleini and An. sinensis s.s. was similar. The overall sporozoite infection rates for An. dirus, An. kleini, and An. sinensis s.s. dissected on days 14-15, 21, and 28 days post-feed were significantly higher for An. dirus (90.0%) than An. kleini (5.4%), whereas An. kleini sporozoite rates were significantly higher than An. sinensis s.s. (<0.1%). The overall sporozoite indices for positive females with +3 (100-1,000 sporozoites) and +4 (>1,000 sporozoites) salivary gland indices were significantly higher for An. dirus (85.7%), compared with An. kleini (47.1%). Only one An. sinensis s.s. had sporozoites (+2; >10-100 sporozoites). These results indicate that An. kleini is a competent vector of vivax malaria. Although An. sinensis s.s. develops relatively high numbers of oocysts, it is considered a very poor vector of vivax malaria due to a salivary gland barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratawan Ubalee
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (; ; ; , ; )
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247 APO AP 96205-5247
| | - Anthony L Schuster
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (; ; ; , ; )
- Current Address: Preventive Health Services Office, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234
| | - Patrick W McCardle
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (; ; ; , ; )
- Current Address: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Forest Glen, MD, 20910
| | - Siriporn Phasomkusolsil
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (; ; ; , ; )
| | - Ratree Takhampunya
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (; ; ; , ; )
| | - Silas A Davidson
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (; ; ; , ; )
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-Si, Chungbuk Province, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Terry A Klein
- Medical Department Activity-Korea (MEDDAC-K)/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, Box 754, AP, 96205
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