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Sutipatanasomboon A, Wongsantichon J, Sakdee S, Naksith P, Watthanadirek A, Anuracpreeda P, Blacksell SD, Saisawang C. RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for the diagnosis of bovine Anaplasma marginale infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7820. [PMID: 38570576 PMCID: PMC10991388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale infection is one of the most common tick-borne diseases, causing a substantial loss in the beef and dairy production industries. Once infected, the pathogen remains in the cattle for life, allowing the parasites to spread to healthy animals. Since clinical manifestations of anaplasmosis occur late in the disease, a sensitive, accurate, and affordable pathogen identification is crucial in preventing and controlling the infection. To this end, we developed an RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay specific to A. marginale infection in bovines targeting the msp4 gene. Our assay is performed at one moderately high temperature, producing fluorescent signals or positive readout of a lateral flow dipstick, which is as sensitive as conventional PCR-based DNA amplification. This RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay can detect as few as 4 copies/μl of Anaplasma using msp4 marker without cross-reactivity to other common bovine pathogens. Lyophilized components of the assay can be stored at room temperature for an extended period, indicating its potential for field diagnosis and low-resource settings of anaplasmosis in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpaporn Sutipatanasomboon
- Molecular Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Jantana Wongsantichon
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsri Sakdee
- Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Naksith
- Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Amaya Watthanadirek
- Molecular Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Molecular Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Stuart D Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chonticha Saisawang
- Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Shi Q, Song FL, Yang Y, Gao YF, Ci Y, Cheng XL, Nie C, Liu LJ, Zhang XL, Wang J. Epidemiological and Molecular Study on Tick-Borne Pathogens in Argun Port Area Near the Chinese-Russian Border. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:447-457. [PMID: 37695821 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aim to investigate the species composition of ticks and the pathogen characteristics they carry in the Argun port area of the China-Russia border. Materials and Methods: Ticks were collected in surrounding grassland, mixed forest land, and other different habitats around the Argun port area at the Sino-Russian Border of Inner Mongolia in China in April 2019. The presence of 16 potential pathogens, including Yersinia Pestis, Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii (Cb), Anaplasma sp. (Ap), spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFG Rk), Borrelia sp. (Bl), Leptospira, Bartonella spp., Babesia, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Bhanja virus, West Nile Virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus, Hantaan virus, and bocavirus (boca) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The DNA and amino acid sequences of tick-borne pathogens were compared for homology, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed by using Mega and Lasergene software. Results: A total of 210 ticks were collected and they belonged to three species: Dermacentor nuttalli, Ixodes persulcatus, and Haemaphysalis verticalis. Among them, 165 (78.57%) ticks tested positive for 5 pathogens, namely Ap, SFG Rk, Cb, Bl, and boca. Fifteen (7.14%) ticks were detected coinfection with two pathogens, and none were coinfected with three or more pathogens. Conclusion: This study shows the prevalence of at least five tick-borne pathogens in Argun, and there is a risk of coinfection by two pathogens in one tick. This study reveals the great importance of controlling tick-borne diseases in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Lin Song
- Dalian International Travel Healthcare Center (Dalian Customs Port Clinic), Dalian Customs District, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Gao
- Dalian International Travel Healthcare Center (Dalian Customs Port Clinic), Dalian Customs District, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Ci
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Cheng
- Dalian International Travel Healthcare Center (Dalian Customs Port Clinic), Dalian Customs District, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
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Long AD, Baldwin-Brown J, Tao Y, Cook VJ, Balderrama-Gutierrez G, Corbett-Detig R, Mortazavi A, Barbour AG. The genome of Peromyscus leucopus, natural host for Lyme disease and other emerging infections. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw6441. [PMID: 31355335 PMCID: PMC6656541 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rodent Peromyscus leucopus is the natural reservoir of several tick-borne infections, including Lyme disease. To expand the knowledge base for this key species in life cycles of several pathogens, we assembled and scaffolded the P. leucopus genome. The resulting assembly was 2.45 Gb in total length, with 24 chromosome-length scaffolds harboring 97% of predicted genes. RNA sequencing following infection of P. leucopus with Borreliella burgdorferi, a Lyme disease agent, shows that, unlike blood, the skin is actively responding to the infection after several weeks. P. leucopus has a high level of segregating nucleotide variation, suggesting that natural resistance alleles to Crispr gene targeting constructs are likely segregating in wild populations. The reference genome will allow for experiments aimed at elucidating the mechanisms by which this widely distributed rodent serves as natural reservoir for several infectious diseases of public health importance, potentially enabling intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James Baldwin-Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa J. Cook
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Russell Corbett-Detig
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan G. Barbour
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Chvostáč M, Špitalská E, Václav R, Vaculová T, Minichová L, Derdáková M. Seasonal Patterns in the Prevalence and Diversity of Tick-Borne Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in an Urban Temperate Forest in South Western Slovakia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15050994. [PMID: 29762516 PMCID: PMC5982033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, Ixodes ricinus is the most important vector of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria. It transmits spirochaetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. Although spatial differences in the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens have been intensively studied, seasonal (within-year) fluctuations in the prevalence of these pathogens within sites are often overlooked. We analyzed the occurrence and seasonal dynamics of Ixodes ricinus in an urban forest in Bratislava, Slovakia. Furthemore, we examined temporal trends in the community structure of B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in questing and bird-feeding ticks. The total prevalence for B. burgdorferi s.l. in questing I. ricinus was 6.8%, involving six genospecies with the dominance of bird-associated B. garinii and B. valaisiana.A. phagocytophilum, R. helvetica and R. monacensis occurred in 5.9%, 5.0% and 0.2% of questing ticks, respectively. In total, 12.5% and 4.4% of bird-feeding I. ricinus ticks carried B. burgdorferi s.l. and R. helvetica. The total prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in our study site was two times lower than the mean prevalence for Europe. In contrast, A. phagocytophilum prevalence was significantly higher compared to those in other habitats of Slovakia. Our results imply that tick propagation and the transmission, suppression and seasonal dynamics of tick-borne pathogens at the study site were primarily shaped by abundance and temporal population fluctuations in ruminant and bird hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Chvostáč
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Špitalská
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Radovan Václav
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Tatiana Vaculová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Minichová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Markéta Derdáková
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Kolte SW, Larcombe SD, Jadhao SG, Magar SP, Warthi G, Kurkure NV, Glass EJ, Shiels BR. PCR diagnosis of tick-borne pathogens in Maharashtra state, India indicates fitness cost associated with carrier infections is greater for crossbreed than native cattle breeds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174595. [PMID: 28358861 PMCID: PMC5373575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens (TBP) are responsible for significant economic losses to cattle production, globally. This is particularly true in countries like India where TBP constrain rearing of high yielding Bos taurus, as they show susceptibility to acute tick borne disease (TBD), most notably tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata. This has led to a programme of cross breeding Bos taurus (Holstein-Friesian or Jersey) with native Bos indicus (numerous) breeds to generate cattle that are more resistant to disease. However, the cost to fitness of subclinical carrier infection in crossbreeds relative to native breeds is unknown, but could represent a significant hidden economic cost. In this study, a total of 1052 bovine blood samples, together with associated data on host type, sex and body score, were collected from apparently healthy animals in four different agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra state. Samples were screened by PCR for detection of five major TBPs: T. annulata, T. orientalis, B. bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma spp.. The results demonstrated that single and co-infection with TBP are common, and although differences in pathogen spp. prevalence across the climatic zones were detected, simplistic regression models predicted that host type, sex and location are all likely to impact on prevalence of TBP. In order to remove issues with autocorrelation between variables, a subset of the dataset was modelled to assess any impact of TBP infection on body score of crossbreed versus native breed cattle (breed type). The model showed significant association between infection with TBP (particularly apicomplexan parasites) and poorer body condition for crossbreed animals. These findings indicate potential cost of TBP carrier infection on crossbreed productivity. Thus, there is a case for development of strategies for targeted breeding to combine productivity traits with disease resistance, or to prevent transmission of TBP in India for economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil W. Kolte
- Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Stephen D. Larcombe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Suresh G. Jadhao
- Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapnil P. Magar
- Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Warthi
- Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin V. Kurkure
- Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Elizabeth J. Glass
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R. Shiels
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Figueiredo Voizzoni V, Barbosa Silva A, Medeiros Cardoso K, Barbosa Dos Santos F, Stenzel B, Amorim M, Vilges de Oliveira S, Salles Gazeta G. Genetic identification of Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest in an endemic area of a mild spotted fever in Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil. Acta Trop 2016; 162:142-145. [PMID: 27338183 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest causes a less severe rickettsiosis, with two cases confirmed until now. The tick species Amblyomma ovale is appointed as the main vector of this bacterium. The southern region of Brazil has reported patients with spotted fever who have milder symptoms. In 2013, during an investigation of rickettsiosis cases, an A. ovale tick was found attached to a man in an area where there were two cases. The parasite was processed for molecular analysis and the rickettsial infection was confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis of genes ompA, ompB and geneD (sca4). In the present study the human pathogenic Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest was identified in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Since A. ovale, its main vector, is found frequently parasitizing dogs, animals that can cross international borders freely in southern Brazil, this bacteria can bring major concerns in terms of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Figueiredo Voizzoni
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Arannadia Barbosa Silva
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Medeiros Cardoso
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Dos Santos
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara Stenzel
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marinete Amorim
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Stefan Vilges de Oliveira
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Unidade Técnica de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazeta
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Lauro Travassos, anexo posterior/sala 08, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil.
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Popova AY, Kulichenko AN, Maletskaya OV, Vasilenko NF, Shaposhnikova LI, Kotenev ES, Dubyansky VM, Volynkina AS, Lisitskaya YV, Samarina IV, Penkovskaya NA, Evstafiev IL, Tovpinets NN, Tsapko NV, Belova OA, Agapitov DS, Samoded TN, Nadolny AA, Kovalenko IS, Yakunin SN, Shvarsalon NK, Zinich LS, Tikhonov SN, Lyamkin GI, Zharnikova IV, Evchenko YM. [EPIDEMIOLOGIC SITUATION BY NATURAL-FOCI INFECTIONS IN THE CRIMEA FEDERAL DISTRICT IN 2014-2015]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2016:62-69. [PMID: 27228673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Analysis of epidemic manifestations of natural-foci infections (NFI), clarification of spectrum of their causative agents, determination of epizootic activity of natural foci in the Crimea Federal District (KFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Epizootologic examination of 10 administrative districts of KDF was carried out. 291 pools (2705 specimens) of ixodes ticks and 283 samples of organs of small mammals were studied by PCRmethod for the presence of DNA/RNA of causative agents of a number of NFI. RESULTS Morbidity by NFI in KFD was registered by 6 nosologies: Lyme borreliosis, Marseilles fever, leptospirosis; tularemia, intestine yersiniosis and tick-borne viral encephalitis, wherein, transmissive infections made up 91.6%. Circulation of causative agents of Crimea hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, group of tick-borne spotted fever, Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, tularemia and leptospirosis was established. CONCLUSION Due to activity of natural foci of NFI further monitoring of epidemiologic and epizootologic manifestations of these infections in the Crimea, including using genetic methods of analysis, is necessary for ensuring sanitary-epidemiologic welfare of KFD population.
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Crowder CD, Rounds MA, Phillipson CA, Picuri JM, Matthews HE, Halverson J, Schutzer SE, Ecker DJ, Eshoo MW. Extraction of total nucleic acids from ticks for the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens. J Med Entomol 2010; 47:89-94. [PMID: 20180313 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/47.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ticks harbor numerous bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens that can cause serious infections in humans and domestic animals. Active surveillance of the tick vector can provide insight into the frequency and distribution of important pathogens in the environment. Nucleic-acid based detection of tick-borne bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens requires the extraction of both DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids) from ticks. Traditional methods for nucleic acid extraction are limited to extraction of either DNA or the RNA from a sample. Here we present a simple bead-beating based protocol for extraction of DNA and RNA from a single tick and show detection of Borrelia burgdorferi and Powassan virus from individual, infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. We determined expected yields for total nucleic acids by this protocol for a variety of adult tick species. The method is applicable to a variety of arthropod vectors, including fleas and mosquitoes, and was partially automated on a liquid handling robot.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Borrelia/genetics
- Borrelia/isolation & purification
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/isolation & purification
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- DNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/genetics
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/isolation & purification
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tick-Borne Diseases/genetics
- Tick-Borne Diseases/prevention & control
- Ticks/genetics
- Ticks/microbiology
- Ticks/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Crowder
- Ibis Biosciences, 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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9
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Crowder CD, Rounds MA, Phillipson CA, Picuri JM, Matthews HE, Halverson J, Schutzer SE, Ecker DJ, Eshoo MW. Extraction of total nucleic acids from ticks for the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens. J Med Entomol 2010; 47:89-94. [PMID: 20180313 PMCID: PMC2837073 DOI: 10.1603/033.047.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ticks harbor numerous bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens that can cause serious infections in humans and domestic animals. Active surveillance of the tick vector can provide insight into the frequency and distribution of important pathogens in the environment. Nucleic-acid based detection of tick-borne bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens requires the extraction of both DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids) from ticks. Traditional methods for nucleic acid extraction are limited to extraction of either DNA or the RNA from a sample. Here we present a simple bead-beating based protocol for extraction of DNA and RNA from a single tick and show detection of Borrelia burgdorferi and Powassan virus from individual, infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. We determined expected yields for total nucleic acids by this protocol for a variety of adult tick species. The method is applicable to a variety of arthropod vectors, including fleas and mosquitoes, and was partially automated on a liquid handling robot.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Borrelia/genetics
- Borrelia/isolation & purification
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/isolation & purification
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- DNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/genetics
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/isolation & purification
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tick-Borne Diseases/genetics
- Tick-Borne Diseases/prevention & control
- Ticks/genetics
- Ticks/microbiology
- Ticks/virology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M. Picuri
- Ibis Biosciences, 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, CA 92008
| | | | | | - Steven E. Schutzer
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Dept. of Medicine, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07103
| | - David J. Ecker
- Ibis Biosciences, 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, CA 92008
| | - Mark W. Eshoo
- Ibis Biosciences, 1896 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, CA 92008
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Oura CAL, Bishop RP, Wampande EM, Lubega GW, Tait A. Application of a reverse line blot assay to the study of haemoparasites in cattle in Uganda. Int J Parasitol 2004; 34:603-13. [PMID: 15064125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic technology have focused many veterinary researchers on the possibility of producing one multivalent recombinant vaccine against all the haemoparasites that infect cattle in the tropics. Before such a vaccine is developed it is essential to define target cattle populations as well as the range of anti-pathogen vaccines required in order to control disease. To further this objective, we have evaluated a reverse line blot (RLB) assay, which simultaneously detects the principal tick transmitted protozoan and rickettsial cattle pathogens, in different epidemiological scenarios in Uganda. A critical question is the sensitivity, particularly in relation to detecting carrier animals. As Theileria parva is considered to be the most important pathogen in the region, we assessed the sensitivity of the RLB assay for T. parva and showed that 1-2 x 10(3) parasites per ml of blood could be detected-a level comparable with previously developed PCR methods and well below conventional microscopic detection. We applied the RLB assay to evaluate the differences in pathogen profiles between crossbred and indigenous cattle and show that there were different profiles, with a low prevalence of T. parva and Theileria taurotragi in the indigenous cattle compared to a high prevalence in the crossbred cattle. In contrast, we show higher prevalences of Theileria mutans and Theileria velifera in the indigenous compared to the crossbred cattle. Interestingly Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina were of low prevalence but a high prevalence of Ehrlichia bovis was seen, raising the question of whether this rickettsial species could be pathogenic in cattle. Analysis of animals with clinical symptoms of East Coast Fever showed that, while T. parva is a major cause of these symptoms, T. mutans and possibly T. taurotragi and T. velifera, may also cause clinical disease. Overall, the results presented here highlight the complexity of tick-borne pathogen infections in cattle in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A L Oura
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Vet Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Brown JS. A novel mechanism to explain protein abnormalities in schizophrenia based on the flavivirus resistance gene. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 6:701-11. [PMID: 11673799 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2000] [Revised: 01/23/2001] [Accepted: 01/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The geographical distribution of schizophrenia was previously shown to correlate with the global distribution of tick-borne flaviviruses. The correlation suggests a natural resistance gene to flaviviruses could be involved in schizophrenia. The flavivirus resistance gene, Flv, a gene found in wild mice and certain in-bred strains, confers resistance to flaviviruses through the interaction of cellular proteins with the flaviviral 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Although the sequence and product of Flv are unknown, translation elongation factor alpha-1 (EF-1) is a protein known to interact with the 3' UTR flavivirus RNA, forming some complexes with long half-lives that inhibit RNA growth. A study was performed to assess the homology between flaviviral UTRs, subunits of EF-1, and selected proteins reported as abnormal in schizophrenia. The UTRs of four flaviviruses with wide geographical and phylogenic distribution were manually translated. Using the National Biomedical Research Foundation protein databank, the amino acid sequences were correlated with the amino acid sequences of selected proteins. The amino acid sequences of the EF-1 subunits were then correlated with the same proteins. Similar amino acid correlations between the proteins, EF-1 subunits and viral UTRs suggest that translational pathophysiology resulting from the product of Flv can be postulated as the cause of protein abnormalities observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brown
- Mental Health Service Line, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
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Rurangirwa FR, Stiller D, French DM, Palmer GH. Restriction of major surface protein 2 (MSP2) variants during tick transmission of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:3171-6. [PMID: 10077656 PMCID: PMC15914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.6.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is an ehrlichial pathogen of cattle that establishes lifelong persistent infection. Persistence is characterized by rickettsemic cycles in which new A. marginale variant types, defined by the sequence of the expressed msp2 transcripts, emerge. The polymorphic msp2 transcripts encode structurally distinct MSP2 proteins and result in an antigenically diverse and continually changing A. marginale population within the blood. In this manuscript, we used sequence analysis of msp2 transcripts to show that a restricted repertoire of variant types, designated SGV1 and SGV2, is expressed within the tick salivary gland. The same SGV1 and SGV2 variant types were expressed in ticks regardless of the variant types expressed in the blood of infected cattle at the time of acquisition feeding by the ticks. Importantly, subsequent tick transmission to susceptible cattle resulted in acute rickettsemia composed of organisms expressing only the same SGV1 and SGV2 variant types. This indicates that the msp2 expressed by organisms within the tick salivary gland predicts the variant type responsible for acute rickettsemia and disease. This restriction of transmitted A. marginale variant types, in contrast to the marked diversity within persistently infected cattle, supports development of MSP2 vaccines to prevent acute rickettsemia in tick-transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Rurangirwa
- Program in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
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Bock RE, de Vos AJ, Kingston TG, McLellan DJ. Effect of breed of cattle on innate resistance to infection with Babesia bovis, B bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. Aust Vet J 1997; 75:337-40. [PMID: 9196820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb15706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the innate resistance of naive Bos taurus, Bos taurus cross Bos indicus and Bos indicus cattle to virulent Babesia bovis, B bigemina and Anaplasma marginale parasites. DESIGN Groups of 10, pure B indicus, 1/2 B indicus cross, 1/4 B indicus cross and pure B taurus steers were infected with virulent B bovis, B bigemina and A marginale parasites [corrected]. PROCEDURE Sequential infections were carried out by intravenous inoculation of infected blood containing 1 x 10(8) parasites of B bovis, followed by B bigemina and then A marginale. To assess resistance, measurements were made of parasitaemia, rectal temperature, packed cell volume and the number within a group requiring chemotherapy to control infection. There was a recovery period between each infection. RESULTS Infection with B bovis showed that pure B indicus steers were significantly more resistant to B bovis infection than the other groups, with none of this group requiring treatment. There was no significant difference between 1/2 B indicus cross and 1/4 B indicus cross with 30% and 20%, respectively, of steers in these groups requiring treatment [corrected]. The pure B taurus steers were significantly more affected then those in the other three groups with 80% requiring treatment. Infections of B bigemina produced a mild response in comparison to that of B bovis and none of the steers required treatment. However, the pure B taurus group was significantly more affected than the other three groups for all other measurements. After the A marginale infection, B indicus steers were moderately affected with 50% requiring treatment, whereas 70% of the 1/2 B indicus group, 80% of the 1/4 B indicus cross group and 100% of the pure B taurus group required treatment [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS All breeds of cattle, ranging from pure B indicus to pure B taurus may be at risk of severe disease if exposed to virulent A marginale. The results confirm that pure B indicus cattle are relatively resistant to B bovis, but there could be a significant risk of severe mortalities if cross-bred herds are exposed to virulent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Bock
- Tick Fever Research Centre, Wacol, Queensland.
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