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Lee JE, Kim HR, Lee MH, Kim NH, Wang KM, Lee SH, Park O, Hong EJ, Youn JW, Kim YY. Smoking-Related DNA Methylation is Differentially Associated with Cadmium Concentration in Blood. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:617-630. [PMID: 32347401 PMCID: PMC7378121 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking, a risk factor for several human diseases, can lead to alterations in DNA methylation. Smoking is a key source of cadmium exposure; however, there are limited studies examining DNA methylation alterations following smoking-related cadmium exposure. To identify such cadmium exposure-related DNA methylation, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling using DNA samples from 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers. We found that a total of 136 CpG sites (including 70 unique genes) were significantly differentially methylated in smokers as compared to that in non-smokers. The CpG site cg05575921 in the AHRR gene was hypomethylated (Δ ß > - 0.2) in smokers, which was in accordance with previous studies. The rs951295 (within RNA gene LOC105370802) and cg00587941 sites were under-methylated by > 15% in smokers, whereas cg11314779 (within CELF6) and cg02126896 were over-methylated by ≥ 15%. We analyzed the association between blood cadmium concentration and DNA methylation level for 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers. DNA methylation rates of 307 CpG sites (including 207 unique genes) were significantly correlated to blood cadmium concentration (linear regression P value < 0.001). The four significant loci (cg05575921 and cg23576855 in AHRR, cg03636183 in F2RL3, and cg21566642) were under-methylated by > 10% in smokers compared to that in non-smokers. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that DNA methylation levels of rs951295, cg00587941, cg11314779, and cg02126896 sites may be new putative indicators of smoking status. Furthermore, we showed that these four loci may be differentially methylated by cadmium exposure due to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mee-Hee Lee
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nam-Hee Kim
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Wang
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeop Lee
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ok Park
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Hong
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Youn
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Youl Kim
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea.
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Dong JJ, Shen JJ, Lee YJ. Dose-Dependent Effect of Cotinine-Verified Tobacco Smoking on Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels in Korean Adult Males. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:813-817. [PMID: 29126169 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is one of the risk factors to exacerbate allergic diseases, and it may affect serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. However, few studies have relied on an objective biomarker to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on serum IgE levels. METHOD A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between urinary cotinine (Ucot) concentrations and IgE levels in 973 males using data from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Ucot was classified into four groups based on concentration (ng/mL) as follows: nonsmoker group (Ucot <50 ng/mL) and three tertile groups in smokers (T1 [Ucot: 50.00-921.28 ng/mL]; T2 [Ucot: 921.29-1869.36 ng/mL]; and T3 [Ucot ≥1869.37 ng/mL]). The dose-response relationships between Ucot concentrations and total serum IgE level were estimated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS We found a significant and positive dose-related effect of cigarette smoking as measured by Ucot concentrations on the total serum IgE level. The multivariate adjusted means of total serum IgE levels (SE) were 321.0 (36.3), 404.4 (102.7), 499.2 (79.2), and 534.7 (82.7) IU/mL, after adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol ingestion, physical exercise, job, and household income. The regression coefficient β for total serum IgE was β = 68.6 with increasing level of Ucot group after adjusting for the same covariables (p = .009). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the amount of smoking may have a dose-dependent effect on total serum IgE levels. IMPLICATION Smoking is one of the risk factors to exacerbate allergic diseases, and it may affect serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, which is closely related to type 1 mediated allergic diseases. However, few studies have relied on an objective biomarker to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on serum IgE levels. We found that tobacco exposure, as measured by Ucot concentrations, increased the serum IgE levels in a dose-response manner in a representative sample of Korean adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay J Shen
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
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Lee HJ, Kim CH, Lee JS, Kim SH. Association between cataract and cotinine-verified smoking status in 11 435 Korean adults using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 to 2016. J Cataract Refract Surg 2020; 46:45-54. [PMID: 32050232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between cataract and cotinine-verified smoking status. SETTING Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea. DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Participants were randomly selected using data collected by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2016. Participants completed a questionnaire to self-report smoking status and a history of cataract, among other variables. To identify the relationship between cataract and smoking, a new variable was used to define smoking status, survey-cotinine-verified smoking status (SCS)-the combination of self-reported smoking status and cotinine-verified smoking status- and thus identify hidden smokers. RESULTS In total, 11 435 participants were eligible for final analysis. The study comprised 4925 men and 6510 women; the mean age was 52.86 ± 16.83 years (median: 54 years). Of 2292 SCS smokers, 382 (16.7%) were nonsmokers according to their self-report. Notably, the ratio of the cotinine-verified to self-reported smoking rate of women was greater than that of men, 1.60 and 1.06, respectively. This indicated that female hidden smokers may affect the results of studies based on self-reported questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was correlated with cataract (odds ratio [OR], 1.37 [95% CI, 1.07-1.76]; OR, 1.35 [CI, 1.12-1.64]; and OR, 1.36 [CI, 1.10-1.69]) for self-reported, cotinine-verified, and SCS, respectively. No statistically significant sex difference was found. CONCLUSION Smoking was associated with cataract, but it did not vary by sex. Female hidden smoking must be considered when investigating the association between smoking and cataract based on self-reported questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea
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Ahijevych K, Szalacha LA, Tan A. Effects of Menthol Flavor Cigarettes or Total Urinary Menthol on Biomarkers of Nicotine and Carcinogenic Exposure and Behavioral Measures. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:1189-1197. [PMID: 30137555 PMCID: PMC6698947 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of either menthol flavor cigarettes or total urinary menthol on nicotine dependence, biomarkers of addictive and carcinogenic exposure, and behavioral measures may inform differences and similarities of these two approaches. METHODS Stratified recruitment by cigarette (menthol flavor or regular) and race (African American and white) yielded a balanced sample of 136 adult smokers in a 36-hour inpatient protocol. Exposure measures assessed during 24-hour data collection included urinary menthol, total NNAL [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol], 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, baseline plasma cotinine, plasma nicotine pre- and post-smoking, exhaled carbon monoxide pre- and post-smoking, and cigarette puff volumes. The latter three were measured at four specified timepoints throughout the day. RESULTS There were no significant differences between menthol flavor and regular cigarette smokers in measures of nicotine dependence, biomarkers of addictive and carcinogenic exposures, or behavioral measures. Significant race × cigarette type interaction effects were found for two biomarkers: plasma nicotine and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene. Total urinary menthol was significantly associated with higher levels of nearly all dependent variables including puff volume, exhaled carbon monoxide, plasma nicotine and cotinine, NNAL, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The significant effects of total urinary menthol were sustained after adjusting for menthol flavor and regular cigarette type and other covariates (eg, number of cigarettes per day, baseline cotinine, and baseline nicotine). CONCLUSIONS Urinary menthol is an independent predictive biomarker for nicotine dependence, addictive and carcinogenic exposure, and behaviors. IMPLICATIONS Comparison of the effects of menthol flavor and total urinary menthol on nicotine dependence, biomarkers of addictive and carcinogenic exposure, and behavioral measures emphasizes the important significant contribution of total urinary menthol concentrations in contrast to no significant associations by dichotomous cigarette type with these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura A Szalacha
- USF Health Morsani College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Alai Tan
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Benowitz NL, Flanagan CA, Thomas TK, Koller KR, Wolfe AW, Renner CC, Hughes C, Decker PA, Hatsukami DK, Murphy NJ, Patten C. Urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3) pyridyl-1-butanol and cotinine in Alaska native postpartum women and neonates comparing smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Int J Circumpolar Health 2018; 77:1528125. [PMID: 30325719 PMCID: PMC6197029 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2018.1528125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Foetuses and neonates of women who use tobacco are exposed to nicotine and tobacco-derived carcinogens. We determined the relationship between urine biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure postpartum and in the neonates of Alaska Native (AN) women, comparing smokers and smokeless tobacco (ST) users, including iqmik, a homemade ST product. METHODS AN women, including 36 smokers, 9 commercial ST and 16 iqmik users their neonates participated. Urine from the woman at the time of delivery and her neonate's first urine were analysed for cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3) pyridyl-1-butanol (NNAL), a tobacco-specific carcinogen biomarker. RESULTS Maternal urine cotinine and neonatal urine cotinine were strongly correlated in all tobacco use groups (r from 0.83 to 0.9, p < 0.002). Correlations between maternal cotinine and neonatal NNAL were moderately strong for cigarettes and commercial smokeless but weaker for iqmik users (r 0.73, 0.6 and 0.36, respectively). CONCLUSION Correlations between maternal and neonatal biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure vary, dependent on tobacco product use. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel data on biomarkers of tobacco exposure among postpartum AN women and their neonates. The results could be useful to guide future epidemiological studies of health risks associated with use of various tobacco products during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L. Benowitz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abbie W. Wolfe
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil J. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alaska Native Medical Center, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Murphy SE, vonWeymarn LB, Parenteau M, Stepanov I, Tiirikainen M, Le Marchand L, Park SL. Influence of UGT2B10 Genotype on Urinary Excretion of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol- N-glucuronide by African American Smokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:168-175. [PMID: 29460622 PMCID: PMC6058729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
At similar smoking levels, African American's lung cancer risk is as much as twice that of whites. We hypothesized that racial/ethnic differences in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a detoxication pathway for the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) may contribute to this variable risk. UGT2B10 catalyzes NNAL- N-glucuronidation, and a UGT2B10 splice variant is common among African Americans. Smokers from two independent studies were genotyped for this variant (rs116294140) and an Asp67Tyr variant (rs61750900), and urinary NNAL and NNAL-glucuronide concentrations were quantified. In the first, no significant differences in NNAL- N-glucuronidation between African Americans ( n = 257) and whites ( n = 354) or between homozygous carriers of UGT2B10 variants (genetic score 2) and noncarriers (score 0) were detected. However, total NNAL glucuronidation by score 2 compared to score 0 smokers was lower (68.9 vs 71.2%, p < 0.0001). For NNAL- N-glucuronide to be more precisely quantified in a second study, a sensitive high-resolution LC-MS/MS-based method, which separated NNAL, NNAL- O-glucuronide, and NNAL- N-glucuronide prior to analysis, was developed. In this study, the excretion of total NNAL (free plus glucuronides) by African American ( n = 52) and white ( n = 54) smokers was not different; however, total NNAL glucuronidation by African Americans (64.0%) was slightly less than by whites (68.3%, p = 0.05). The mean NNAL- N-glucuronidation by African Americans was much lower than for whites (14 vs 24.9%, p < 0.00001), but the NNAL- O-glucuronidation was greater (50.0 vs 43.3%, p = 0.013). UGT2B10 genotype influenced NNAL- N-glucuronidation; the geometric mean percentage N-glucuronidation was 22.5% for smokers with genetic score 0 ( n = 57) and 11.2% for score 2 ( n = 11). In summary, the high prevalence of a UGT2B10 splice variant among African Americans results in lower NNAL- N-glucuronidation but only a small decrease in total NNAL glucuronidation. Therefore, despite the significant contribution of UGT2B10 to NNAL- N-glucuronidation, the UGT2B10 genotype does not play a large role in NNAL detoxication. Any decrease in N-glucuronidation was accompanied by a parallel increase in O-glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Linda B. vonWeymarn
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Marc Parenteau
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813 USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813 USA
| | - Sungshim L. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089 USA
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