251
|
Medeiros FSD, Junior ESDM, França RDL, Neto HCDM, Santos JM, Júnior EAA, Júnior SODS, Tavares MHSMP, Moura EGHD. Preemptive endoluminal vacuum therapy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:493-499. [PMID: 33269058 PMCID: PMC7677886 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i11.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a technically demanding operation, with reported morbidity rates of approximately 40%–50%. A novel idea is to use endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) in a preemptive setting to prevent anastomotic leakage and pancreatic fistulas. In a recent case series, EVT was proven to be effective in preventing leaks in patients with anastomotic ischemia. There have been no previous reports on preemptive EVT after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
CASE SUMMARY We describe the case of a 71-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes who was admitted to the emergency room with jaundice, choluria, fecal acholia, abdominal pain, and fever. Admission examinations revealed leukocytosis and hyperbilirubinemia (total: 13 mg/dL; conjugated: 12.1 mg/dL). Abdominal ultrasound showed cholelithiasis and dilation of the common bile duct. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a stenotic area, and a biopsy confirmed cholangiocarcinoma. Considering the high risk of leaks after pancreaticoduodenectomy, preemptive endoluminal vacuum therapy was performed. The system comprised a nasogastric tube, gauze, and an antimicrobial incise drape. The negative pressure was 125 mmHg, and no adverse events occurred. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 without any symptoms.
CONCLUSION Preemptive endoluminal vacuum therapy may be a safe and feasible technique to reduce leaks after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flaubert Sena de Medeiros
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Epifanio Silvino do Monte Junior
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Romero de Lima França
- Department of Surgery, Hospital do Coração, Natal 59075-050, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
252
|
Serrano JPR, Jukemura J, Romanini SG, Aguilar PFG, Castro JSLD, Torres IT, Pulla JAS, Neto OM, Taglieri E, Ardengh JC. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug effectivity in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:469-487. [PMID: 33269056 PMCID: PMC7677884 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i11.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the primary therapeutic procedure for the treatment of diseases affecting the biliary tree and pancreatic duct. Although the therapeutic success rate of ERCP is high, the procedure can cause complications, such as acute pancreatitis [post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP)], bleeding and perforation.
AIM To assess the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in preventing PEP during follow-up.
METHODS Databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Library were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of NSAIDs and placebo for the prevention of PEP were included. Outcomes evaluated included the incidence of PEP, severity of pancreatitis, route of administration, types, dose, and timing of administration of NSAIDs.
RESULTS Twenty-six RCTs were considered eligible with a total of 8143 patients analyzed. Overall, 4020 patients used NSAIDs before ERCP and 4123 did not use NSAIDs (control group). Ultimately, 298 cases of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis were diagnosed in the NSAID group and 484 cases in the placebo group. The risk of PEP was lower in the NSAID group risk difference (RD): -0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07 to - 0.03; number needed to treat (NNT), 25; P < 0.05. NSAID use effectively prevented mild pancreatitis compared to placebo use (2.5% vs 4.1%; 95%CI: -0.05 to -0.01; NNT, 33; P < 0.05), but information on moderate PEP and severe PEP could not be fully elucidated. Only rectal administration reduced the incidence of PEP with RD: -0.06; 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.04; NNT, 17; P < 0.05). Furthermore, only the use of diclofenac or indomethacin was effective in preventing PEP, at a dose of 100 mg, which must be administered before performing ERCP.
CONCLUSION Rectal administration of diclofenac and indomethacin significantly reduced the risk of developing mild PEP. Additional RCTs are needed to compare the efficacy between NSAID routes of administration in preventing PEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Jukemura
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Galante Romanini
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo 01409002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabela Trindade Torres
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo 01409002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Otavio Micelli Neto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo 01409002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloy Taglieri
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo 01409002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Celso Ardengh
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo 01409002, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Schosheim A, Tobin M, Chawla A. Curling ulcer in the setting of severe sunburn: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:500-503. [PMID: 33269059 PMCID: PMC7677882 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i11.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While sunburns are very common, especially in pediatrics, curling ulcers secondary to sunburns are a very rare entity that has not been noted in the literature in over fifty years. This case is the first addition to the literature since the originally documented case.
CASE SUMMARY A previously healthy 17 year old male presents to the emergency room with lethargy, shortness of breath on exertion, dark stools and nausea. His fatigue started to become significantly worse four days prior to admission. Approximately two weeks prior to admission, the patient was on a beach vacation with his family at which time he suffered severe sunburns. He had developed crampy epigastric abdominal pain, which was followed by dark, loose stools. On exam, he is non-toxic appearing, but with pallor and peeling skin on his face and chest with epigastric tenderness. Infectious stool studies were all negative including Helicobacter pylori. He denies use of any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and also denies alcohol or recreational drug use. While admitted he is found to be significantly anemic with his hemoglobin as low as 6.3 requiring two units of packed red blood cells. Endoscopy revealed several severe and deep ulcerations in the antrum and body of the stomach indicative of stress or curling ulcers.
CONCLUSION While the incidence of stress ulcers is not known, it is most common with severe acute illness, most commonly presenting as upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. It is essential to be aware of the risk of curling ulcers secondary to severe sunburns as patients with stress ulcer GI bleeding have increased morbidity and mortality compared to those who do not have GI bleed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schosheim
- Department ofPediatric Gastroenterology , Stony Brook University Hospital , Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Michelle Tobin
- Department ofPediatric Gastroenterology , Stony Brook University Hospital , Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Anupama Chawla
- Department ofPediatric Gastroenterology , Stony Brook University Hospital , Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Rajan AV, Trieu H, Chu P, Lin J, Kidambi TD. Assessing the yield and safety of endoscopy in acute graft- vs-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:341-354. [PMID: 33133371 PMCID: PMC7579526 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gastrointestinal (GI) graft-vs-host disease (aGVHD) is the most complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in patients with hematologic malignancy. Limited data exists on endoscopic evaluation of GVHD in post-HSCT patients with differing GI symptoms. Further, the diagnostic value of gross endoscopic findings as well as the safety of endoscopy in this commonly thrombocytopenic and neutropenic patient population remains unclear.
AIM To understand the diagnostic value of symptoms and gross endoscopic findings as well as safety of endoscopy in aGVHD patients.
METHODS We analyzed 195 endoscopies performed at City of Hope in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT less than 100 d prior for hematologic malignancy and were subsequently evaluated for aGVHD via endoscopy. The yield, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnosing aGVHD were calculated for upper and lower endoscopy, various GI tract locations, and presenting symptoms.
RESULTS Combined esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) demonstrated a greater diagnostic yield for aGVHD (83.1%) compared to EGD (66.7%) or FS (77.2%) alone with any presenting symptom. The upper and lower GI tract demonstrated similar yields regardless of whether patients presented with diarrhea (95.7% vs 99.1%) or nausea/vomiting (97.5% vs 96.8%). Normal-appearing mucosa was generally as specific (91.3%) as abnormal mucosa (58.7%-97.8%) for the presence of aGVHD. Adverse events such as bleeding (1.0%), infection (1.0%), and perforation (0.5%) only occurred in a small proportion of patients, with no significant differences in those with underlying thrombocytopenia (P = 1.000) and neutropenia (P = 0.425).
CONCLUSION Combined EGD and FS with biopsies of normal and inflamed mucosa demonstrated the greatest diagnostic yield regardless of presenting symptom and appears to be safe in this population of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand V Rajan
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
- Department of Medicine, UCLA-Olive View Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
| | - Harry Trieu
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - James Lin
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Trilokesh Dey Kidambi
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Mortensen OE, Nerup N, Thorsteinsson M, Svendsen MBS, Shiwaku H, Achiam MP. Fluorescence guided intraluminal endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract: A systematic review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:388-400. [PMID: 33133375 PMCID: PMC7579525 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional endoscopy is based on full spectrum white light. However, different studies have investigated the use of fluorescence based endoscopy systems where the white light has been supplemented by infrared light and the use of relevant fluorophores. Fluorescence endoscopy utilizes the fluorescence emitted from a fluorophore, visualizing what is not visible to the naked eye.
AIM To explore the feasibility of fluorescence endoscopy and evaluate its use in diagnosing and evaluating gastrointestinal disease.
METHODS We followed the PRISMA guidelines for this systematic review. The research covered five databases; PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Collection, including only studies in English and Scandinavian languages. Authors screened title and abstract for inclusion, subsequently full-text for inclusion according to eligibility criteria listed in the protocol. The risk of bias was assessed for all studies according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The authors extracted the data and reported the results in both text and tables.
RESULTS We included seven studies in the systematic review after screening a total of 2769 papers. The most prominent fluorophore was indocyanine green (n = 6), and whereas one study (n = 1) used Bevacizumab 800-CW. Three studies investigated fluorescence endoscopy in detecting varices, adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract. Four studies evaluated the usefulness of fluorescence endoscopy in assessing tumor invasion. Three of the four studies reported an exceptional diagnostic accuracy (93%, 89% and 88%) in assessing tumor invasion, thus representing better visualization and more correct diagnosis by fluorescence endoscopy compared with the conventional endoscopy. The relationship between the endoscopic findings, tumor invasion, and tumor vascularity was evaluated in two studies showing a significant correlation (dP < 0.05 and bP < 0.01).
CONCLUSION The use of fluorescence endoscopy is a promising method adding diagnostic value in the detection of neoplasia, adenomas, and assessment of tumor invasion within the gastrointestinal tract. More studies are needed to utilize the feasibility of fluorescence endoscopy compared with other endoscopic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Engholt Mortensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Nerup
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Morten Thorsteinsson
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Hironari Shiwaku
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan
| | - Michael Patrick Achiam
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
256
|
Masaki S, Yamada C, Kawamoto T. Endotracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19 using an ultrathin flexible gastrointestinal endoscope. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:404-407. [PMID: 33133377 PMCID: PMC7579527 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occasionally becomes severe and requires endotracheal intubation. Endotracheal intubation is usually performed using a laryngoscope; however, the operator needs to be in close proximity to the patient’s face during the procedure, which increases the risk of droplet exposure. Therefore, we simulated fiberoptic endotracheal intubation on a mannequin representing the patient, using an ultrathin flexible gastrointestinal endoscope as an alternative to the bronchoscope, in order to maintain distance from the patient during the procedure. We performed this procedure 10 times and measured the time required; the median procedure time was 6.4 s (interquartile range, 5.7-8.1 s). The advantage of this method is the short procedure time and distance maintained from the patients. The flexible tip-steerable control and length of the gastrointestinal endoscope contributed to shortening the procedure time and maintaining distance from the patients. In addition, this method can handle difficult airways without risk of misplacement of the endotracheal tube. However, it is necessary to consider the risk of aerosol generation associated with this procedure. In the pandemic setting of coronavirus disease 2019, this approach may be useful when a gastrointestinal endoscopist is in charge of endotracheal intubation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Masaki
- Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Miyanomori Memorial Hospital, Sapporo 064-0953, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chizuko Yamada
- Department of Safety Management, Miyanomori Memorial Hospital, Sapporo 064-0953, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miyanomori Memorial Hospital, Sapporo 064-0953, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Altonbary AY, Hakim H, Elkashef W. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in pediatric patients: A single tertiary center experience and review of the literature. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:355-364. [PMID: 33133372 PMCID: PMC7579528 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is now widely available and has an established role in adults, the utility of EUS and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in pediatrics is insufficiently described compared to adults and is supported by only a few studies.
AIM To report the experience of a single tertiary center in the use of EUS and EUS-FNA in a pediatric population and to further assess its safety, feasibility, and clinical impact on management.
METHODS A retrospective study of 13 children (aged 18 years or younger) identified from our medical database was conducted. A retrospective review of demographic data, procedure indications, EUS findings, and the clinical impact of EUS on the subsequent management of these patients was performed.
RESULTS During the 4-year study period, a total of 13 (1.7%) pediatric EUS examinations out of 749 EUS procedures were performed in our unit. The mean age of these 8 females and 5 males was 15.6 years (range: 6-18). Six of the 13 EUS examinations were pancreatobiliary (46.1%), followed by mediastinal 2/13 (15.4%), peri-gastric 2/13 (15.4%), abdominal lymphadenopathy 1/13 (7.7%), tracheal 1/13 (7.7%) and rectal 1/13 (7.7%). Overall, EUS-FNA was performed in 7 patients (53.8%) with a diagnostic yield of 100%. The EUS results had a significant impact on clinical care in 10/13 (77%) cases. No complications occurred in these patients during or after any of the procedures.
CONCLUSION EUS and EUS-FNA in the pediatric population are safe, feasible, and have a significant clinical impact on the subsequent management; thus avoiding invasive and unnecessary procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Youssef Altonbary
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hazem Hakim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wagdi Elkashef
- Department of Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Yoshida S, Nishizawa T, Toyoshima O. Real-world clinical data of endoscopy-based cancer detection during the emergency declaration for COVID-19 in Japan. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:401-403. [PMID: 33133376 PMCID: PMC7579523 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is widespread throughout the world, causing serious damage to healthcare systems. Therefore, we examined the significance of endoscopy based on the recommendation of Asian-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy and Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society during the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the details of gastrointestinal endoscopy performed during the declaration of emergency in Japan. We have continued performing gastrointestinal endoscopy at an outpatient clinic that specialized in endoscopic medical care in Tokyo, Japan. During the emergency declaration period, 544 patients underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy. As a control, we investigated 1327 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy during the same period in 2019. Although the total number of endoscopies during the emergency declaration was halved, the advanced cancer detection rate during the emergency declaration was significantly higher than that in 2019 (P = 0.04). Additionally, no COVID-19 infection was observed in healthcare workers, staff, or patients during this period. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Chiba 2868520, Japan
| | - Osamu Toyoshima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Krige J, Jonas E, Kotze U, Kloppers C, Gandhi K, Allam H, Bernon M, Burmeister S, Setshedi M. Defining the advantages and exposing the limitations of endoscopic variceal ligation in controlling acute bleeding and achieving complete variceal eradication. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:365-377. [PMID: 33133373 PMCID: PMC7579524 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding esophageal varices (BEV) is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients with portal hypertension with mortality rates as high as 25% within six weeks of the index variceal bleed. After control of the initial bleeding episode patients should enter a long-term surveillance program with endoscopic intervention combined with non-selective β-blockers to prevent further bleeding and eradicate EV.
AIM To assess the efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in controlling acute variceal bleeding, preventing variceal recurrence and rebleeding and achieving complete eradication of esophageal varices (EV) in patients who present with BEV.
METHODS A prospectively documented single-center database was used to retrospectively identify all patients with BEV who were treated with EVL between 2000 and 2018. Control of acute bleeding, variceal recurrence, rebleeding, eradication and survival were analyzed using Baveno assessment criteria.
RESULTS One hundred and forty patients (100 men, 40 women; mean age 50 years; range, 21–84 years; Child-Pugh grade A = 32; B = 48; C = 60) underwent 160 emergency and 298 elective EVL interventions during a total of 928 endoscopy sessions. One hundred and fourteen (81%) of the 140 patients had variceal bleeding that was effectively controlled during the index banding procedure and never bled again from EV, while 26 (19%) patients had complicated and refractory variceal bleeding. EVL controlled the acute sentinel variceal bleed during the first endoscopic intervention in 134 of 140 patients (95.7%). Six patients required balloon tamponade for control and 4 other patients rebled in hospital. Overall 5-d endoscopic failure to control variceal bleeding was 7.1% (n = 10) and four patients required a salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Index admission mortality was 14.2% (n = 20). EV were completely eradicated in 50 of 111 patients (45%) who survived > 3 mo of whom 31 recurred and 3 rebled. Sixteen (13.3%) of 120 surviving patients subsequently had 21 EV rebleeding episodes and 10 patients bled from other sources after discharge from hospital. Overall rebleeding from all sources after 2 years was 21.7% (n = 26). Sixty-nine (49.3%) of the 140 patients died, mainly due to liver failure (n = 46) during follow-up. Cumulative survival for the 140 patients was 71.4% at 1 year, 65% at 3 years, 60% at 5 years and 52.1% at 10 years.
CONCLUSION EVL was highly effective in controlling the sentinel variceal bleed with an overall 5-day failure to control bleeding of 7.1%. Although repeated EVL achieved complete variceal eradication in less than half of patients with BEV, of whom 62% recurred, there was a significant reduction in subsequent rebleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Krige
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Urda Kotze
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Christo Kloppers
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Karan Gandhi
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Hisham Allam
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Marc Bernon
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Sean Burmeister
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Mashiko Setshedi
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Yousaf MN, Ehsan H, Wahab A, Muneeb A, Chaudhary FS, Williams R, Haas CJ. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography guided interventions in the management of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:323-340. [PMID: 33133370 PMCID: PMC7579529 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality with an overall five-year survival of less than 9% in the United States. At presentation, the majority of patients have painless jaundice, pruritis, and malaise, a triad that develops secondary to obstruction, which often occurs late in the course of the disease process. The technical advancements in radiological imaging and endoscopic interventions have played a crucial role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of patients with pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided diagnosis (with brush cytology, serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination technique, or biliary biopsy) and therapeutic interventions such as pancreatobiliary decompression, intraductal and relief of gastric outlet obstruction play a pivotal role in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer and are increasingly used due to improved morbidity and complication rates compared to surgical management. In this review, we highlight various ERCP-guided diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for the management of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21239, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21237, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, United States
| | - Hamid Ehsan
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Ahsan Wahab
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Baptist Medical Center South, Montgomery, AL 36116, United States
| | - Ahmad Muneeb
- Department of Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabald 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fizah S Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21239, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21237, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, United States
| | - Richard Williams
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21239, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21237, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, United States
| | - Christopher J Haas
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21239, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21237, United States
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, United States
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Aikawa M, Uesato M, Urahama R, Hayano K, Kunii R, Kawasaki Y, Isono S, Matsubara H. Predictor of respiratory disturbances during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection under deep sedation. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:378-387. [PMID: 33133374 PMCID: PMC7579530 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedation is commonly performed for the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early gastric cancer. Severe hypoxemia occasionally occurs due to the respiratory depression during sedation.
AIM To establish predictive models for respiratory depression during sedation for ESD.
METHODS Thirty-five adult patients undergoing sedation using propofol and pentazocine for gastric ESDs participated in this prospective observational study. Preoperatively, a portable sleep monitor and STOP questionnaires, which are the established screening tools for sleep apnea syndrome, were utilized. Respiration during sedation was assessed by a standard polysomnography technique including the pulse oximeter, nasal pressure sensor, nasal thermistor sensor, and chest and abdominal respiratory motion sensors. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was obtained using a preoperative portable sleep monitor and polysomnography during ESD. A predictive model for the AHI during sedation was developed using either the preoperative AHI or STOP questionnaire score.
RESULTS All ESDs were completed successfully and without complications. Seventeen patients (49%) had a preoperative AHI greater than 5/h. The intraoperative AHI was significantly greater than the preoperative AHI (12.8 ± 7.6 events/h vs 9.35 ± 11.0 events/h, P = 0.049). Among the potential predictive variables, age, body mass index, STOP questionnaire score, and preoperative AHI were significantly correlated with AHI during sedation. Multiple linear regression analysis determined either STOP questionnaire score or preoperative AHI as independent predictors for intraoperative AHI ≥ 30/h (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.707 and 0.833, respectively) and AHI between 15 and 30/h (AUC: 0.761 and 0.778, respectively).
CONCLUSION The cost-effective STOP questionnaire shows performance for predicting abnormal breathing during sedation for ESD that was equivalent to that of preoperative portable sleep monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Aikawa
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaya Uesato
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryuma Urahama
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichi Hayano
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Reiko Kunii
- Staff of Clinical Laboratory, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba 285-8765, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Shiroh Isono
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Chen W, Liang JL, Ye JW, Luo YX, Huang MJ. Laparoscopy-assisted resection of colorectal cancer with situs inversus totalis: A case report and literature review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:310-316. [PMID: 32994862 PMCID: PMC7503618 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare anomaly in which structures are located opposite to their usual positions. It is not a premalignant condition and the association with colorectal cancer (CRC) is rare. We here report a patient with SIT who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer, and review the pertinent literature.
CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman presented with CRC and SIT and underwent a complete examination after admission. The patient then underwent laparoscopic radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The operation duration was 120 min, and no intraoperative complications occurred. The final pathological report showed stage T4aN0M0. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered and no evidence of recurrence was observed during 18 mo of follow-up.
CONCLUSION Surgery in a patient with CRC and SIT can be safely performed on the basis of routine preoperative clinical examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Lin Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Wen Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Xin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei-Jin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
Teng M, Tang SY, Koh CJ. Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of infection control measures and practical application. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:256-265. [PMID: 32994856 PMCID: PMC7503612 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has affected more than 4.5 million people in 213 countries, and has been declared a pandemic by World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur primarily through direct contact or droplets. There have also been reports that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in biopsy and stool specimens, and it has been postulated that there is potential for fecal-oral transmission as well. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in 17.6% of COVID-19 patients and transmission can potentially occur through gastrointestinal secretions in this group of patients. Furthermore, transmission can also occur in asymptomatic carriers or patients with viral shedding during the incubation period. Endoscopic procedures hence may pose significant risks of transmission (even for those not directly involving confirmed COVID-19 cases) as endoscopists and endoscopy staff are in close contact with patients during these aerosol generating procedures. This could result in inadvertent transmission of infection at time of endoscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Teng
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Si Ying Tang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Calvin Jianyi Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Chow CW, Haider SA, Ragunath K, Aithal GP, James MW, Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo J, Aravinthan AD, Venkatachalapathy SV. Comparison of the reverse bevel versus Franseen type endoscopic ultrasound needle. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:266-275. [PMID: 32994857 PMCID: PMC7503614 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse bevel (RB) needle is widely used for endoscopic ultrasound fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). A 3-plane symmetrical needle with Franseen geometry (FG) has recently become available.
AIM To compare the clinical efficacy of FG to that of RB needle.
METHODS A retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who underwent EUS-FNB for solid and mixed lesions either with 22G RB needle or 22G FG needle between January 2016 and February 2019 was undertaken. All cytology slides were reviewed by an independent gastrointestinal cytopathologist blinded to the needle used and the initial cytology report. The primary and secondary outcomes were to assess the sample adequacy using Euro-cytology criteria and the number of cell clusters, respectively.
RESULTS Two hundred and twenty six procedures were included in the study. RB needle was used in 128 procedures and FG needle in 98 procedures. The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable. On multivariable analysis, FG needle (P = 0.02) and location of the lesion (P < 0.01) were independently associated with adequate tissue. Further, the use of FG needle (P = 0.04) and the size of the lesion (P = 0.02) were independently associated with acquisition of increased number of cell clusters.
CONCLUSION FG needle is superior to RB needle in acquiring adequate tissue and attaining higher number of cell clusters for solid and mixed lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wing Chow
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Syeda Asma Haider
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Krish Ragunath
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W James
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jacobo Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Aloysious Dominic Aravinthan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh Vasan Venkatachalapathy
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Zarrin A, Sorathia S, Choksi V, Kaplan SR, Kasmin F. Endoscopic approach to gastric remnant outlet obstruction after gastric bypass: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:297-303. [PMID: 32994860 PMCID: PMC7503611 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gastric remnant bleeding is a rare complication of bariatric surgery. Furthermore, acute bleeding from the gastric remnant resulting in gastric remnant outlet obstruction has not been described previously. Endoscopic management of gastric remnant bleed has been challenging due to difficulty accessing the excluded stomach. Traditionally, this necessitates surgical intervention. Recently, however, the adoption of endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric intervention provides an alternative approach to management.
CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old male with a prior gastric bypass presented with the sudden onset of progressive abdominal distension, nausea, and melena of two days duration. His imaging illustrated a massively distended stomach. A nasogastric tube did not result in drainage of fluid or decompression of his abdomen. His endoscopy revealed a normal-appearing gastro-jejunal anastomosis and confirmed the distended "fluid"-filled gastric remnant. An endoscopic ultrasound-directed gastrogastrostomy was created to decompress the gastric remnant. Two liters of blood was suctioned before a large adherent clot was visualized in the gastric antrum. The patient underwent emergent angiography with embolization of the gastroduodenal artery. He was discharged with a stable hemoglobin level and resolution of symptoms. Healing superficial gastric ulcers were visualized on a follow-up endoscopy. Gastric biopsies were consistent with Helicobacter pylori infection for which the patient was treated, and successful eradication was achieved.
CONCLUSION This patient benefited from a timely diagnosis and effective therapy of an acute gastric remnant obstruction from a bleeding ulcer with endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Zarrin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, Miami, FL 33180, United States
| | - Sufian Sorathia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, Miami, FL 33180, United States
| | - Vivek Choksi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, Miami, FL 33180, United States
| | - Steven Robert Kaplan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, Miami, FL 33180, United States
| | - Franklin Kasmin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aventura Hospital and Medical Center, Miami, FL 33180, United States
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Elshimi E, Morad W, Elshaarawy O, Attia A. Optimization of biliary drainage in inoperable distal malignant strictures. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:285-296. [PMID: 32994859 PMCID: PMC7503617 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given most patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction present in the non-resectable stage, palliative endoscopic biliary drainage with fully covered metal stent (FCMS) or uncovered metal stent (UCMS) is the only available measure to improve patients’ quality of life. Half covered metal stent (HCMS) has been recently introduced commercially. The adverse effects and stent function between FCMS and UCMS have been extensively discussed.
AIM To study the duration of stent patency of HCMS and compare it with FCMS and UCMS to optimize biliary drainage in inoperable patients with distal malignant obstruction. Secondary aims in our study included evaluation of patients’ survival and the rates of adverse events for each type of stent.
METHODS We studied 210 patients and randomized them into three equal groups; HCMS, FCMS and UCMS were inserted endoscopically.
RESULTS Stent occlusion occurred in (18.6%, 17.1% and 15.7% in HCMS, FCMS and UCMS groups, respectively, P = 0.9). Stent migration occurred only in patients with FCMS (8.6% of patients). Cholangitis and cholecystitis occurred in 11.4% and 5.7% of patients, respectively, in FCMS. Tumor growth occurred only in 10 cases among patients with UCMS after a median of 140 d, sludge occurred in nine, seven and one patients in HCMS, FCMS and UCMS, respectively (P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION Given the prolonged stent functioning time, the use of HCMS is preferred over the use of UCMS and FCMS for optimizing biliary drainage in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esam Elshimi
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebine Elkom 32111, Egypt
| | - Wesam Morad
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebine Elkom 32111, Egypt
| | - Omar Elshaarawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebine Elkom 32111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Attia
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebine Elkom 32111, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Meyer J, Buchs NC, Schiltz B, Liot E, Ris F. Comment on: Should a colonoscopy be offered routinely to patients with CT proven acute diverticulitis? A retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis of best available evidence. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:320-322. [PMID: 32994864 PMCID: PMC7503613 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Latest evidence indicates that patients with acute diverticulitis have higher prevalence of colorectal cancer than reference patients. Therefore, colonoscopy should be offered after an episode of acute diverticulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Boris Schiltz
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève 1211, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Liot
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève 1211, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève 1211, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
De Luca L. Do available data support the widespread adoption of pancreatoscopy guided-lithotripsy? World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:317-319. [PMID: 32994863 PMCID: PMC7503615 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) is a demanding endoscopic procedure that can be used to perform intracanal lithotripsy in obstructing pancreatic stones but the experience is limited. Most stones can be removed successfully by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography but patients with large stones require advanced therapeutic approaches, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (alone or followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography), currently the mainstay of treatment. Unfortunately, in about 10% of cases, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can fail; moreover, it is not be available in many institutions. For this subgroup of patients, POPS guided-lithotripsy can play a role and have benefits. The most consistent study concerns a retrospective multicenter analysis that enrolled few patients per center. Considering the epidemiological scenario and the scant volume of skilled endoscopists, POPS must be developed in very few high-volume referral centers with standardized pathways and capable of performing multi-modality treatment. In addition, we could reasonably assume that POPS-guided-lithotripsy should be used as rescue therapy in special situations, identifying the ideal candidate who can achieve the maximum clinical result, and carefully balancing risk/benefits ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Luca
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro 61121, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Akimoto Y, Kudo SE, Ichimasa K, Kouyama Y, Misawa M, Hisayuki T, Kudo T, Nemoto T. Small invasive colon cancer with adenoma observed by endocytoscopy: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:304-309. [PMID: 32994861 PMCID: PMC7503619 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocytoscopy is a next-generation endoscopic system that facilitates real-time histopathologic endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal lesions by virtue of its 520 × maximum magnification.
CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 63-year-old man with sigmoid colon cancer who was regularly referred for follow-up colonoscopy after endoscopic resection of T1 rectal cancer. Colonoscopy revealed a 12 mm reddish polyp, including a depression and a flat area in the sigmoid colon. Endocytoscopic observation showed unclear gland formation and agglomeration of distorted nuclei (depression), suggesting a submucosal invasive (T1) cancer. In the flat area, slit-like smooth lumens and regular pattern of fusiform nuclei were found, suggesting an adenoma. On the basis of these endocytoscopic findings, we predicted this lesion as T1 cancer (depression) with adenoma (flat area) and performed endoscopic resection corresponding to the final histopathological diagnosis.
CONCLUSION We could perform an optical diagnosis of T1 sigmoid cancer with adenoma by using endocytoscopy before treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Akimoto
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Shin-ei Kudo
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuro Ichimasa
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Yuta Kouyama
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Masashi Misawa
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hisayuki
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Toyoki Kudo
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nemoto
- Department of Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
270
|
Sakitani K, Nishizawa T, Toyoshima A, Yoshida S, Matsuno T, Yamada T, Irokawa M, Takahashi Y, Nakai Y, Toyoshima O, Koike K. Kyoto classification in patients who developed multiple gastric carcinomas after Helicobacter pylori eradication. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:276-284. [PMID: 32994858 PMCID: PMC7503616 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic Kyoto classification predicts gastric cancer risk; however, the score in the patients with primary gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy is unknown.
AIM To elucidate the Kyoto classification score in patients with both single gastric cancer and multiple gastric cancers developed after H. pylori eradication.
METHODS The endoscopist recorded the Kyoto classification at the endoscope and the Kyoto classification score at the time of the first diagnosis of gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication. The score was compared between single gastric cancer group and multiple gastric cancers group.
RESULTS The Kyoto score at the time of diagnosis of 45 cases of gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication was 4.0 points in average. The score was 3.8 points in the single gastric cancer group, and 5.1 points in the multiple gastric cancers group. The multiple group had a significantly higher score than the single group (P = 0.016). In the multiple gastric cancers group, all the patients (7/7) had 5 or higher Kyoto score, while in single gastric cancer group, the proportion of patients with a score of 5 or higher was less than half, or 44.7% (17/38).
CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed with gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication tended to have advanced gastritis. In particular, in cases of multiple gastric cancers developed after H. pylori eradication, the endoscopic Kyoto classification score tended to be 5 or higher in patients with an open type atrophic gastritis and the intestinal metaplasia extended to the corpus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Sakitani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sakitani Endoscopy Clinic, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan
| | - Akira Toyoshima
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo 150-8935, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Matsuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Irokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Toyoshima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Patel JB, Revanur V, Forcione DG, Bechtold ML, Puli SR. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial marker placement in pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:231-240. [PMID: 32879658 PMCID: PMC7443822 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i8.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) mortality remains high despite advances in therapy. Combination chemoradiotherapy offers modest survival benefit over monotherapy with either. Fiducial markers serve as needed landmarks for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Traditionally, these markers were placed surgically or percutaneously with limitations of each. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided placement overcomes these limitations.
AIM To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fiducial placement for PC undergoing IGRT.
METHODS Articles were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid journals. Pooling was conducted by fixed and random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q test based upon inverse variance weights.
RESULTS Initial search identified 1024 reference articles for EUS-guided fiducial placement in PC. Of these, 261 relevant articles were reviewed. Data was extracted from 11 studies (n = 820) meeting inclusion criteria. Pooled proportion of successful placement was 96.27% (95%CI: 95.35-97.81) with fiducial migration rates low at 4.33% (95%CI: 2.45-6.71). Adverse event rates remained low, with overall pooled proportion of 4.85% (95%CI: 3.04-7.03).
CONCLUSION EUS-guided placement of fiducial markers for IGRT of PC is safe, feasible, and efficacious. The ability to target deep structures under direct visualization while remaining minimally invasive are added benefits. Moreover, the ability to perform fine needle aspiration or celiac plexus neurolysis add value and increase patient-care efficiency. Whether EUS-guided fiducial placement improves outcomes in IGRT or offers any mortality benefits over traditional placement remains unknown and future studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaymon B Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61637, United States
| | - Vakya Revanur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61637, United States
| | - David G Forcione
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Matthew L Bechtold
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, United States
| | - Srinivas R Puli
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
Sugimoto M, Takagi T, Suzuki R, Konno N, Asama H, Sato Y, Irie H, Watanabe K, Nakamura J, Kikuchi H, Takasumi M, Hashimoto M, Kato T, Hikichi T, Ohira H. Which scope is appropriate for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after Billroth II reconstruction: An esophagogastroduodenoscope or a colonoscope? World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:220-230. [PMID: 32879657 PMCID: PMC7443825 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i8.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, with the advent of more advanced devices and endoscopic techniques, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Billroth II (B-II) patients has been increasingly performed. However, the procedures are difficult, and the techniques and strategies have not been defined.
AIM To reveal the appropriate scope for ERCP in B-II patients.
METHODS Sixty ERCP procedures were performed on B-II patients between June 2005 and May 2018 at Fukushima Medical University Hospital, and in 44 cases, this was the first ERCP procedure performed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) or colonoscopy (CS) after B-II gastrectomy. These cases were divided into two groups: 17 cases of ERCP performed by EGDS (EGDS group) and 27 cases of ERCP performed by CS (CS group). The patient characteristics and ERCP procedures were compared between the EGDS and CS groups.
RESULTS The procedural time was significantly shorter in the EGDS group than in the CS group [median (range): 60 (20-100) vs 90 (40-128) min, P value < 0.01]. CS was an independent factor of a longer ERCP procedural time according to the univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio: 3.97, 95%CI: 1.05-15.0, P value = 0.04).
CONCLUSION Compared to CS, EGDS shortened the procedural time of ERCP in B-II patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Naoki Konno
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asama
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Hiroki Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Ko Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Mika Takasumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Minami Hashimoto
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Tsunetaka Kato
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
273
|
Ku L, Shahshahan MA, Hou LA, Eysselein VE, Reicher S. Improved diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle biopsy with histology specimen processing. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:212-219. [PMID: 32879656 PMCID: PMC7443823 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i8.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) has emerged as a safe, efficacious alternative to fine needle aspiration (FNA) for tissue acquisition. EUS-FNB is reported to have higher diagnostic yield while preserving specimen tissue architecture. However, data on the optimal method of EUS-FNB specimen processing is limited.
AIM To evaluate EUS-FNB with specimen processing as histology vs EUS-FNA cytology with regards to diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy.
METHODS All EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB performed at our institution from July 1, 2016, to January 31, 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. We collected data on demographics, EUS findings, pathology, clinical outcomes, and procedural complications in two periods, July 2016 through March 2017, and April 2017 through January 2018, with predominant use of FNB in the second data collection time period. FNA specimens were processed as cytology with cell block technique and reviewed by a cytopathologist; FNB specimens were fixed in formalin, processed for histopathologic analysis and immunohistochemical staining, and reviewed by an anatomic pathologist. Final diagnosis was based on surgical pathology when available, repeat biopsy or imaging, and length of clinical follow up.
RESULTS One hundred six EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB procedures were performed. FNA alone was performed in 17 patients; in 56 patients, FNB alone was done; and in 33 patients, both FNA and FNB were performed. For all indications, diagnostic yield was 47.1% (8/17) in FNA alone cases, 85.7% (48/56) in FNB alone cases, and 84.8% (28/33) in cases where both FNA and FNB were performed (P = 0.0039). Specimens were adequate for pathologic evaluation in 52.9% (9/17) of FNA alone cases, in 89.3% (50/56) of FNB alone cases, and 84.8% (28/33) in cases where FNA with FNB were performed (P = 0.0049). Tissue could not be aspirated for cytology in 10.0% (5/50) of cases where FNA was done, while in 3.4% (3/89) of FNB cases, tissue could not be obtained for histology. In patients who underwent FNA with FNB, there was a statistically significant difference in both specimen adequacy (P = 0.0455) and diagnostic yield (P = 0.0455) between the FNA and FNB specimens (processed correspondingly as cytology or histology).
CONCLUSION EUS-FNB has a higher diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy than EUS-FNA. In our experience, specimen processing as histology may have contributed to the overall increased diagnostic yield of EUS-FNB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Ku
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - Mohammad A Shahshahan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - Linda A Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - Viktor E Eysselein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - Sofiya Reicher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Guacho JAL, de Moura DTH, Ribeiro IB, da Ponte Neto AM, Singh S, Tucci MGB, Bernardo WM, de Moura EGH. Propofol vs midazolam sedation for elective endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:241-255. [PMID: 32879659 PMCID: PMC7443824 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i8.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis frequently require sedation for elective endoscopic procedures. Several sedation protocols are available, but choosing an appropriate sedative in patients with cirrhosis is challenging.
AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare propofol and midazolam for sedation in patients with cirrhosis during elective endoscopic procedures in an attempt to understand the best approach.
METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Central Cochrane, LILACS databases. Only randomized control trials (RCTs) were included. The outcomes studied were procedure time, recovery time, discharge time, and adverse events (bradycardia, hypotension, and hypoxemia). The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB-2). Quality of evidence was evaluated by GRADEpro. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager.
RESULTS The search yielded 3,576 records. Out of these, 8 RCTs with a total of 596 patients (302 in the propofol group and 294 in the midazolam group) were included for the final analysis. Procedure time was similar between midazolam and propofol groups (MD: 0.25, 95%CI: -0.64 to 1.13, P = 0.59). Recovery time (MD: -8.19, 95%CI: -10.59 to -5.79, P < 0.00001). and discharge time were significantly less in the propofol group (MD: -12.98, 95%CI: -18.46 to -7.50, P < 0.00001). Adverse events were similar in both groups (RD: 0.02, 95%CI: 0-0.04, P = 0.58). Moreover, no significant difference was found for bradycardia (RD: 0.03, 95%CI: -0.01 to 0.07, P = 0.16), hypotension (RD: 0.03, 95%CI: -0.01 to 0.07, P = 0.17), and hypoxemia (RD: 0.00, 95%CI: -0.04 to 0.04, P = 0.93). Five studies had low risk of bias, two demonstrated some concerns, and one presented high risk. The quality of the evidence was very low for procedure time, recovery time, and adverse events; while low for discharge time.
CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis based on RCTs show that propofol has shorter recovery and patient discharge time as compared to midazolam with a similar rate of adverse events. These results suggest that propofol should be the preferred agent for sedation in patients with cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Alexander Lata Guacho
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Igor Braga Ribeiro
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Alberto Machado da Ponte Neto
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, United States
| | - Marina Gammaro Baldavira Tucci
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Marques Bernardo
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
275
|
Rashid MU, Khetpal N, Zafar H, Ali S, Idrisov E, Du Y, Stein A, Jain D, Hasan MK. Colon mucosal neoplasia referred for endoscopic mucosal resection: Recurrence of adenomas and prediction of submucosal invasion. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:198-211. [PMID: 32733641 PMCID: PMC7360516 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i7.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an effective and minimally invasive alternative to surgery for large polyps and laterally spreading lesions. Gross morphology and surface characteristics may help predict submucosal invasion of the lesion (SMIL) during endoscopic evaluation. This is one of the largest single-center studies reporting endoscopic mucosal resection for larger (≥ 20 mm) colorectal lesions in the United States.
AIM To determine the recurrence rate of adenomas and endoscopic features that may predict submucosal invasion of colonic mucosal neoplasia.
METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of all the patients referred for endoscopic mucosal resection for lesions ≥ 20 mm, spanning a period from January 2013 to February 2017. The main outcome measure was identifying features that may predict submucosal invasion of mucosal lesions and predict recurrence of adenomas on follow-up surveillance colonoscopy performed at 4-6 mo.
RESULTS A total of 480 patients with 500 lesions were included in the study. The median age was 68 (Inter quantile range: 14) with 52% males. The most common lesion location was ascending colon (161; 32%). Paris classification 0-IIa (Flat elevation of mucosa - 316; 63.2%); Kudo Pit Pattern IIIs (192; 38%) and Granular surface morphology (260; 52%) were most prevalent. Submucosal invasion was present in 23 (4.6%) out of 500 lesions. The independent risk factors for SMIL were Kudo Pit Pattern IIIL + IV and V (Odds ratio: 4.5; P value < 0.004) and Paris classification 0-IIc (Odds ratio: 18.2; P value < 0.01). Out of 500, 354 post-endoscopic mucosal resection scars were examined at surveillance colonoscopy. Recurrence was noted in 21.8% (77 cases).
CONCLUSION There was overall low prevalence of SMIL in our study. Kudo pit pattern (IIIL + IV and V) and Paris classification 0-IIc were the only factors identified as an independent risk factor for submucosal invasion. The independent risk factor for recurrence was adenoma size (> 40 mm). Almost all recurrences (98.8%) were treated endoscopically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoon Ur Rashid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Neelam Khetpal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Hammad Zafar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Saeed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Univerity of Iowa hospital, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Evgeny Idrisov
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma, OK 73104, United States
| | - Yuan Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Assaf Stein
- Center for Interventional Endoscopy, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32803, United States
| | - Deepanshu Jain
- Center for Interventional Endoscopy, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32803, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
276
|
Maida M, Sferrazza S, Maida C, Morreale GC, Vitello A, Longo G, Garofalo V, Sinagra E. Management of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy in endoscopy: A review of literature. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:172-192. [PMID: 32843928 PMCID: PMC7415229 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i6.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic procedures hold a basal risk of bleeding that depends on the type of procedure and patients’ comorbidities. Moreover, they are often performed in patients taking antiplatelet and anticoagulants agents, increasing the potential risk of intraprocedural and delayed bleeding. Even if the interruption of antithrombotic therapies is undoubtful effective in reducing the risk of bleeding, the thromboembolic risk that follows their suspension should not be underestimated. Therefore, it is fundamental for each endoscopist to be aware of the bleeding risk for every procedure, in order to measure the risk-benefit ratio for each patient. Moreover, knowledge of the proper management of antithrombotic agents before endoscopy, as well as the adequate timing for their resumption is essential.
This review aims to analyze current evidence from literature assessing, for each procedure, the basal risk of bleeding and the risk of bleeding in patients taking antithrombotic therapy, as well as to review the recommendation of American society for gastrointestinal endoscopy, European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy, British society of gastroenterology, Asian pacific association of gastroenterology and Asian pacific society for digestive endoscopy guidelines for the management of antithrombotic agents in urgent and elective endoscopic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Sandro Sferrazza
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo 93100, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Vitello
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Cardiology Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Garofalo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Istituto San Raffaele Giglio, Cefalù 90015, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
277
|
Gericke M, Mende M, Schlichting U, Niedobitek G, Faiss S. Repeat full-thickness resection device use for recurrent duodenal adenoma: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:193-197. [PMID: 32843929 PMCID: PMC7415228 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i6.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic full-thickness resection of adenomas or subepithelial tumors is a novel and promising endoscopic technique. There have been several recent studies of full-thickness resection device (FTRD) use in the colon, but data regarding its use and efficacy in the duodenum are still limited.
CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old female underwent resection of a recurrent adenoma of 7 mm in size in the duodenum after FTRD use for an adenoma eight months prior. The biopsies revealed a low-grade adenoma. The adenoma was removed using the gastroduodenal FTRD, and the pathology results revealed clear margins. Except for minor bleeding that was treated by argon plasma coagulation, no further complications occurred.
CONCLUSION Repeat use of the FTRD appears to be a safe and efficacious approach for the treatment of recurrent duodenal lesions. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the long-term safety and utility of repeat FTRD use after Endoscopic full-thickness resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Gericke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin 13065, Germany
| | - Matthias Mende
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin 13065, Germany
| | - Uwe Schlichting
- Department of Pathology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin 13065, Germany
| | - Gerald Niedobitek
- Department of Pathology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin 13065, Germany
| | - Siegbert Faiss
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin 13065, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
278
|
Gondal B, Haider H, Komaki Y, Komaki F, Micic D, Rubin DT, Sakuraba A. Efficacy of various endoscopic modalities in detecting dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:159-171. [PMID: 32477450 PMCID: PMC7243576 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i5.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longstanding ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with an increased risk of colonic neoplasia. Various endoscopic modalities, such as chromoendoscopy (CE), narrow band imaging (NBI) and random biopsy have been introduced for surveillance, however, there exists a paucity of direct comparisons between them. We aimed to conduct a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed for surveillance of neoplasia in UC.
AIM To provide a comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the above-mentioned various modalities.
METHODS We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Registry through May 2016 for RCTs evaluating the efficacy of endoscopic modalities for surveillance of neoplasia in UC. The primary outcomes of interest were dysplasia (low- or high-grade) detection rates per biopsy and per patient, and dysplasia numbers per patient. Studies were simultaneously analyzed using a random-effects network meta-analysis under the Bayesian framework to identify the modality with the highest dysplasia detection rate. The best ranking probability for the dysplasia detection rate was analyzed by surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) technique.
RESULTS Six prospective RCTs of a total 1038 patients were identified. We identified 4 different modalities; white light (WL) high definition (HD) or standard definition (SD), CE HD, and NBI HD. For dysplasia per biopsy, direct meta-analysis showed superiority of NBI HD over WL HD and CE HD over WL SD. Network meta-analysis demonstrated the rank order of best modality as NBI HD, CE HD, WL HD and WL SD with close SUCRA scores of the first two. For dysplasia per patient, direct meta-analyses showed equivocal results between each modality. Network meta-analysis demonstrated the rank order of best modality as WL HD, NBI HD, CE HD and WL SD with small differences of the SUCRA score among the first two. For dysplasia numbers per patient, direct meta-analysis showed superiority of CE HD over WL SD. Network meta-analysis demonstrated the rank order of best modality as WL HD, NBI HD, CE HD, and WL SD with small differences of the SUCRA score among the first three.
CONCLUSION We demonstrated that there were small differences among WL HD, NBI HD, and CE HD, while WL SD was inferior, in detecting dysplasia in UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Gondal
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, Carle Hospital, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Haider Haider
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fukiko Komaki
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Dejan Micic
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - David T Rubin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Atsushi Sakuraba
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
279
|
Shandro BM, Emrith K, Slabaugh G, Poullis A, Smith ML. Optical imaging technology in colonoscopy: Is there a role for photometric stereo? World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:138-148. [PMID: 32477448 PMCID: PMC7243575 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i5.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonoscopy screening for the detection and removal of colonic adenomas is central to efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer. However, up to a third of adenomas may be missed at colonoscopy, and the majority of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers are thought to arise from these. Adenomas have three-dimensional surface topographic features that differentiate them from adjacent normal mucosa. However, these topographic features are not enhanced by white light colonoscopy, and the endoscopist must infer these from two-dimensional cues. This may contribute to the number of missed lesions. A variety of optical imaging technologies have been developed commercially to enhance surface topography. However, existing techniques enhance surface topography indirectly, and in two dimensions, and the evidence does not wholly support their use in routine clinical practice. In this narrative review, co-authored by gastroenterologists and engineers, we summarise the evidence for the impact of established optical imaging technologies on adenoma detection rate, and review the development of photometric stereo (PS) for colonoscopy. PS is a machine vision technique able to capture a dense array of surface normals to render three-dimensional reconstructions of surface topography. This imaging technique has several potential clinical applications in colonoscopy, including adenoma detection, polyp classification, and facilitating polypectomy, an inherently three-dimensional task. However, the development of PS for colonoscopy is at an early stage. We consider the progress that has been made with PS to date and identify the obstacles that need to be overcome prior to clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Shandro
- Department of Gastroenterology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Khemraj Emrith
- Centre for Machine Vision, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Slabaugh
- Department of Computer Science, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Poullis
- Department of Gastroenterology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Melvyn L Smith
- Centre for Machine Vision, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
280
|
Mendoza Ladd A, Bashashati M, Contreras A, Umeanaeto O, Robles A. Endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy in the United States-Mexico border: A cross sectional study. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:149-158. [PMID: 32477449 PMCID: PMC7243577 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i5.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent expert panel issued recommendations about the technical aspects of direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) for pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON). However, significant technical heterogeneity still exists among endoscopists.
AIM To report the outcomes of our DEN technique and how it differs from a recent expert consensus statement and previous studies.
METHODS Medical records of patients with WON who underwent DEN from September 2016 - May 2019 were queried for the following information: Age, gender, ethnicity, etiology of acute pancreatitis, WON location and size, DEN technical information, adverse events (AEs) and outcomes. Adverse events were graded according to the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Lexicon grading system. Technical success was defined as adequate lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) deployment plus removal of ≥ 90% of necrosum. Clinical success was defined as complete resolution of WON cavity by imaging and resolution of symptoms at ≤ 3 months (mo) after last DEN. Data analysis was performed using mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, frequency and proportion for categorical variables, and median and range for interval data.
RESULTS A total of 21 patients underwent DEN. Most of them were Hispanic and their mean age was 51 ± 17 years. The majority of the collections were located in the body of the pancreas and the mean size was 13 cm ± 5 cm. The most common indication was persistent vomiting. Antibiotics were administered only in cases of infected necrosis. All LAMS were placed without radiological guidance, dilated the same day of deployment and removed after a mean of 27 ± 11 d. Routine cross-sectional imaging immediately after drainage was not performed. The mean interval between DEN sessions was 7 ± 4 d and the mean number of DEN/patient was 3 ± 2. Technical and clinical success rates were both 95%. AEs were seen in 5 patients and included: Sepsis (2), stent migration (1), stent maldeployment (1), perforation (1). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of an occluded LAMS leading to sepsis was 50% and 0.11 respectively. No fatalities were observed.
CONCLUSION Our DEN technique differed significantly from the one recommended by a recent expert panel and the one published in previous studies. Despite these differences excellent clinical outcomes were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mendoza Ladd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
| | - Mohammad Bashashati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
| | - Alberto Contreras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
| | - Onyedika Umeanaeto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
| | - Alejandro Robles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
| |
Collapse
|
281
|
Friedel D, Zhang X, Stavropoulos SN. Burgeoning study of sentinel-node analysis on management of early gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:119-127. [PMID: 32341748 PMCID: PMC7177205 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i4.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) represents an organ-preserving alternative to surgical resection of early gastric cancer. However, even with ESD yielding en-bloc resection specimens, there are concerns regarding tumor spread such as with larger lesions, ulcerated lesions, undifferentiated pathology and submucosal invasion. Sentinel node navigational surgery (SNNS) when combined with ESD offers a minimally invasive alternative to the traditional extended gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy if lack of lymph node spread can be confirmed. This would have a clear advantage in terms of potential complications and quality of life. However, SNNS, though useful in other malignancies such as breast cancer and melanoma, may not have a sufficient sensitivity for malignancy and negative predictive value in EGC to justify this as standard practice after ESD. The results of SNNS may improve with greater standardization and more involved dissection, technological innovations and more experience and validation such that the paradigm for post-ESD resection of EGC may change and include SNNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Friedel
- Department of Gastroenterology, New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| | - Xiaocen Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai St. Luke’s West Hospital Center, New York, NY 10019, United States
| | - Stavros Nicholas Stavropoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, NYU-Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, United States
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Majima K, Shimamoto T, Muraki Y. Causative factors of discomfort in esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A large-scale cross-sectional study. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:128-137. [PMID: 32341749 PMCID: PMC7177206 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i4.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to reduce patient discomfort in esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Remedial measures can be taken to alleviate discomfort if the causative factors are determined; however, all the factors have not been elucidated yet.
AIM To clearly determine the factors influencing discomfort in transoral esophagogastroduodenoscopy using a large-size cross-sectional study with readily available data.
METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent screening transoral esophagogastroduodenoscopy consecutively between August 2017 and October 2017 at a health check-up center were included. Discomfort was evaluated using a face scale between 0 and 10 with a 6-level questionnaire. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the factors related to the discomfort in esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Univariate analysis was performed in both the unsedated and sedated study groups. Age, sex, height, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, hiatal hernia, history of gastrectomy, biopsy during examination, Lugol’s solution usage, administration of butylscopolamine with/without a sedative (pethidine, midazolam, or both), endoscope model, history of endoscopy, and endoscopists were considered as possible factors of discomfort.
RESULTS Finally, 1715 patients were enrolled in this study. Overall, the median discomfort score was 2 and the interquartile range was 2-4. High discomfort (score ≥ 6) was recorded in 18% of the participants. According to univariate analysis, in the unsedated group, young age (P < 0.001), female sex (P < 0.001), and no history of endoscopy (P < 0.001) were factors associated with increased discomfort. Significant differences were also noted for height (P = 0.007), smoking status (P = 0.003), and endoscopists (P < 0.001). In the sedation group, young age (P < 0.001), female sex (P < 0.001), and no history of endoscopy (P = 0.004) were associated with increased discomfort; additionally, significant differences were found in smoking status (P < 0.001), type of sedation (P < 0.001), and endoscopists (P = 0.027). There was also a marginal difference due to alcohol intake (P = 0.055). Based on multiple regression analysis, young age, female sex, less height, current smoking status, and presence of hiatal hernia [regression coefficients of 0.08, P < 0.001 (for -1 years); 0.45, P = 0.013; 0.02, P = 0.024 (for -1 cm); 0.35, P = 0.036; and 0.34, P = 0.003, respectively] were factors that significantly increased discomfort in esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Alternatively, sedation significantly reduced discomfort and pethidine (regression coefficient: -1.47, P < 0.001) and midazolam (regression coefficient: -1.63, P = 0.001) significantly reduced the discomfort both individually and in combination (regression coefficient: -2.92, P < 0.001). A difference in the endoscopist performing the procedure was also associated with discomfort.
CONCLUSION Young age, female sex, and smoking are associated with esophagogastroduodenoscopy discomfort. Additionally, heavy alcohol consumption diminished the effects of sedation. These factors are easily obtained and are thus useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Majima
- The Department of Health Management, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa City 296-8602, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimamoto
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Chiba City 261-7114, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yosuke Muraki
- The Department of Health Management, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa City 296-8602, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
de Siqueira Neto J, de Moura DTH, Ribeiro IB, Barrichello SA, Harthorn KE, Thompson CC. Gallbladder perforation due to endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: A case report and review of literature. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:111-118. [PMID: 32218890 PMCID: PMC7085946 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i3.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healthcare impact of obesity is enormous, and there have been calls for new approaches to containing the epidemic worldwide. Minimally invasive procedures have become more popular, with one of the most widely used being endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG). Although major adverse events after ESG are rare, some can cause considerable mortality. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of biliary ascites after ESG.
CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old female with obesity refractory to lifestyle changes and prior gastric balloon placement underwent uncomplicated ESG and was discharged on the following day. On postoperative day 3, she developed abdominal pain, which led to an emergency department visit the following day. She was readmitted to the hospital, with poor general health status and signs of peritoneal irritation. Computed tomography imaging showed fluid in the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopy revealed biliary ascites and showed that the gallbladder was sutured to the gastric wall. The patient underwent cholecystectomy and lavage of the abdominal cavity and was admitted to the intensive care unit post-operatively. After 7 d of antibiotic therapy and 20 d of hospitalization, she was discharged. Fortunately, 6 mo later, she presented in excellent general condition and with a 20.2% weight loss.
CONCLUSION ESG is a safe procedure. However, adverse events can still occur, and precautions should be taken by the endoscopist. In general, patient position, depth of tissue acquisition, location of stitch placement, and endoscopist experience are all important factors to consider to mitigate procedural risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João de Siqueira Neto
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria 29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Igor Braga Ribeiro
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Alexandre Barrichello
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly E Harthorn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christopher C Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Siau K, Hodson J, Neville P, Turner J, Beale A, Green S, Murugananthan A, Dunckley P, Hawkes ND. Impact of a simulation-based induction programme in gastroscopy on trainee outcomes and learning curves. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:98-110. [PMID: 32218889 PMCID: PMC7085944 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i3.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-clinical simulation-based training (SBT) in endoscopy has been shown to augment trainee performance in the short-term, but longer-term data are lacking.
AIM To assess the impact of a two-day gastroscopy induction course combining theory and SBT (Structured PRogramme of INduction and Training – SPRINT) on trainee outcomes over a 16-mo period.
METHODS This prospective case-control study compared outcomes between novice SPRINT attendees and controls matched from a United Kingdom training database. Study outcomes comprised: (1) Unassisted D2 intubation rates; (2) Procedural discomfort scores; (3) Sedation practice; (4) Time to 200 procedures; and (5) Time to certification.
RESULTS Total 15 cases and 24 controls were included, with mean procedure counts of 10 and 3 (P = 0.739) pre-SPRINT. Post-SPRINT, no significant differences between the groups were detected in long-term D2 intubation rates (P = 0.332) or discomfort scores (P = 0.090). However, the cases had a significantly higher rate of unsedated procedures than controls post-SPRINT (58% vs 44%, P = 0.018), which was maintained over the subsequent 200 procedures. Cases tended to perform procedures at a greater frequency than controls in the post-SPRINT period (median: 16.2 vs 13.8 per mo, P = 0.051), resulting in a significantly greater proportion of cases achieving gastroscopy certification by the end of follow up (75% vs 36%, P = 0.017).
CONCLUSION In this pilot study, attendees of the SPRINT cohort tended to perform more procedures and achieved gastroscopy certification earlier than controls. These data support the role for wider evaluation of pre-clinical induction involving SBT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Siau
- Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Royal College of Physicians, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom
- Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - James Hodson
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Neville
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cwm Taf Morgannwg Health Board, Llantrisant CF45 4SN, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Turner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Beale
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Bristol NHSFT, Bristol BS1 3NU, United Kingdom
| | - Susi Green
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton BN2 5BE, United Kingdom
| | - Aravinth Murugananthan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton W10 0QP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Dunckley
- Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Royal College of Physicians, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHSFT, Gloucester GL1 3NN, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D Hawkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cwm Taf Morgannwg Health Board, Llantrisant CF45 4SN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Johnson KD, Laoveeravat P, Yee EU, Perisetti A, Thandassery RB, Tharian B. Endoscopic ultrasound guided liver biopsy: Recent evidence. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:83-97. [PMID: 32218888 PMCID: PMC7085945 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i3.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver biopsy (LB) is an essential tool in diagnosing, evaluating and managing various diseases of the liver. As such, histopathological results are critical as they establish or aid in diagnosis, provide information on prognosis, and guide the appropriate selection of medical therapy for patients. Indications for LB include evaluation of persistent elevation of liver chemistries of unclear etiology, diagnosis of chronic liver diseases such as Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis, small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis, work up of fever of unknown origin, amyloidosis and more. Traditionally, methods of acquiring liver tissue have included percutaneous LB (PCLB), transjugular LB (TJLB) or biopsy taken surgically via laparotomy or laparoscopy. However, traditional methods of LB may be inferior to newer methods. Additionally, PCLB and TJLB carry higher risks of adverse events and complications. More recently, endoscopic ultrasound guided LB (EUS-LB) has evolved as an alternative method of tissue sampling that has proven to be safe and effective, with limited adverse events. Compared to PC and TJ routes, EUS-LB may also have a greater diagnostic yield of tissue, be superior for a targeted approach of focal lesions, provide higher quality images and allow for greater patient comfort. These advantages have contributed to the increased use of EUS-LB as a technique for obtaining liver tissue. Herein, we provide a review of the recent evidence of EUS-LB for liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemmian D Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Passisd Laoveeravat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Abhilash Perisetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Ragesh Babu Thandassery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Benjamin Tharian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
286
|
Abstract
Diverticula are the most common incidental finding during routine colonoscopy, and their prevalence increases with patient age. The term “diverticular disease” encompasses the range of clinical manifestations and complications that can occur with colonic diverticula, including diverticular bleeding, diverticulitis-associated strictures, and acute diverticulitis. Colonoscopy is a vital tool in the diagnosis and management of diverticular disease and can be useful in a variety of regards. In this editorial, we concisely delineate the current approach to and practices in colonoscopic management of diverticular disease. In particular, we discuss treatment options for diverticular bleeding, propose consideration of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery in patients with diverticulitis-associated strictures, and the need for diagnostic colonoscopy following an episode of acute diverticulitis in order to rule out underlying conditions such as colonic malignancy or inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, we offer practical tips for performing safe and successful colonoscopy in patients with dense diverticulosis coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Phillip Fejleh
- UCLA Gastroenterology Fellowship Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - James H Tabibian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
| |
Collapse
|
287
|
Yip BCH, Sayeed Sajjad H, Wang JX, Anastassiades CP. Endoscopic treatment modalities and outcomes in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:72-82. [PMID: 32064032 PMCID: PMC6965003 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), the optimal volume of adrenaline, the optimal number of hemoclips, and the application of thermal coagulation in determining patient outcomes have not been well studied.
AIM To demonstrate a dose-response relationship between the commonly used endoscopic modalities for the treatment of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and various clinical outcomes.
METHODS Patients presenting with NVUGIB were retrospectively identified and analyzed. These patients were stratified as follows: (1) > 10 mL of adrenaline injected vs ≤ 10 mL; (2) > 1 hemoclip placed vs ≤ 1 hemoclip; (3) Heater probe used or not; and (4) > 2 treatment modalities used vs ≤ 2. The primary outcomes were rebleeding and the need for repeat endoscopy. The secondary outcomes were the need for surgery, required transfusions, length of hospital stay, death during the same admission period and 30 d mortality. Patients with NVUGIB who required endoscopic therapy were included. Those who did not require endoscopic therapy or were initially treated with surgery or embolization were excluded.
RESULTS In all, 501 patients with NVUGIB were treated. One hundred sixty-one (32.1%) patients needed endoscopic therapy. The injection of < 10 mL of adrenaline was associated with less rebleeding (P < 0.0001), the need for repeat endoscopy (P = 0.001) and a decreased length of hospital stay (P = 0.026). The use of > 2 treatment modalities were associated with increased rebleeding (P = 0.009) and the need for repeat endoscopy (P = 0.048). The placement of > 1 hemoclip was associated with a decreased length of hospital stay (P = 0.044). The rates of surgery and death were low, and there were no other significant differences between the patient groups.
CONCLUSION The more restrictive use of adrenaline and number of endoscopic modalities to treat NVUGIB with the more liberal use of hemoclips was associated with better patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossain Sayeed Sajjad
- Department of Acute Medicine, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville, Northampton NN1 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Jie-Xun Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
288
|
Venezia L, Michielan A, Condino G, Sinagra E, Stasi E, Galeazzi M, Fabbri C, Anderloni A. Feasibility and safety of self-expandable metal stent in nonmalignant disease of the lower gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:60-71. [PMID: 32064031 PMCID: PMC6965004 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) have been employed to treat benign gastrointestinal strictures secondary to several conditions: Acute diverticulitis, radiation colitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and postanastomotic leakages and stenosis. Other applications include endometriosis and fistulas of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Although it may be technically feasible to proceed to stenting in the aforementioned benign diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract, the outcome has been reported to be poor. In fact, in some settings (such as complicated diverticulitis and postsurgical anastomotic strictures), stenting seems to have a limited evidence-based benefit as a bridge to surgery, while in other settings (such as endometriosis, IBD, radiation colitis, etc.), even society guidelines are not able to guide the endoscopist through decisional algorithms for SEMS placement. The aim of this narrative paper is to review the scientific evidence regarding the use of SEMSs in nonmalignant diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract, both in adult and pediatric settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Venezia
- Gastroenterology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Turin, Turin 10100, Italy
| | - Andrea Michielan
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento 38122, Italy
| | - Giovanna Condino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera S.S. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto Giuseppe Giglio, Contrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù 90015, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo 90100, Italy
| | - Elisa Stasi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Marianna Galeazzi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza 20052, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena, Azienda U.S.L. Romagna, Ospedale G. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni, Cesena 200868, Italy
| | - Andrea Anderloni
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan 20100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Iqbal S, Ali A, Razzaq A, Shahzad E. Lack of proper reimbursement is hampering adoption of minimally invasive gastrointestinal endoscopy in North America. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:49-52. [PMID: 31942234 PMCID: PMC6939120 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and related procedures are minimally invasive and cost-effective alternates to surgery. However, there is no approved or listed current procedural terminology (CPT) for ESD. We aimed to review the current reimbursement process hurdles for ESD procedures in private practice model in United States. We reviewed the data of two advanced endoscopists (one in New York and other in Pennsylvania State) performing ESD in their private practice set-ups. We found the reimbursement process was complex, with number of refusals varied from 0-9 for ESD procedures. It was not paid at all in 8.3% of cases by the medical insurance. Endoscopic mucosal resection, which is considered inferior as compared to ESD, but has a listed CPT, was denied in only 0.83% cases. Our data highlights the billing hurdles by the endoscopists to adopt ESD-related procedures in private practice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Iqbal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Good Samaritan Hospital, West Islip, NY 11795, United States
| | - Aman Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, United States
| | - Arham Razzaq
- Herricks High School, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, United States
| | - Eman Shahzad
- Herricks High School, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, United States
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Kinoshita S, Nishizawa T, Fujimoto A, Mori H, Nakazato Y, Kikuchi M, Uraoka T. Efficacy of mucosa-submucosa clip closure method after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:17-22. [PMID: 31942230 PMCID: PMC6939119 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently developed a new endoscopic closure technique using only conventional endo-clips for colorectal lesions. Little is known about the feasibility of the endoscopic mucosa-submucosa clip closure method for gastric lesions.
AIM To elucidate the efficacy of the endoscopic mucosa-submucosa clip closure method after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
METHODS Twenty-two patients who underwent gastric ESD and mucosa-submucosa clip closure were included in this study. In this method, endo-clips are placed at the edges of a mucosal defect. Additional endo-clips are then applied in the same way to facilitate reduction of the defect size. Additional endo-clips are applied to both sides of the mucosal defect. Complete closure can be achieved. We have also developed a “location score” and “closure difficulty index” for assessment purposes.
RESULTS Complete closure was achieved in 68.2% of the patients (15/22). The location score in the failure group was significantly larger than that in the complete closure group (P = 0.023). The closure difficulty index in the failure group was significantly higher than that in the complete closure group (P = 0.007). When the cutoff value of the closure difficulty index was set at 99, the high closure difficulty index predicted failure with a sensitivity of 57.1%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 86.3%.
CONCLUSION The endoscopic mucosa-submucosa clip closure method was unreliable after gastric ESD, especially in cases with a high closure difficulty index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan
| | - Ai Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakazato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
291
|
Cwaliński J, Hermann J, Kasprzyk M, Banasiewicz T. Endoscopic vacuum assisted closure of esophagogastric anastomosis dehiscence: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:42-48. [PMID: 31942233 PMCID: PMC6939118 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophagogastric leakage is one of the most severe postoperative complications. Partial disruption of the anastomosis, can be successfully treated with an endoscopic vacuum assisted closure (E-VAC). The advantage of that method of treatment is the ability to adjust a vacuum dressing individually to the size of the dehiscence and thus to reduce the risk of a secondary fistula or abscess. The authors present two patients with postoperative gastroesophageal leakage treated successfully with E-VAC.
CASE SUMMARY Two male patients developed a potentially life threatening esophagogastric leakage. Patient A underwent resection of the distal half of the esophagus and upper part of the stomach due to Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. Proximal resection of the stomach was performed in the patient B after massive bleeding from Mallory-Weiss tears. Both patients were treated successfully with an individually adapted E-VAC with concomitant correction of fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and treatment of sepsis with appropriate antibiotics.
CONCLUSION Endoscopic vacuum closure is an effective alternative to endoscopic stenting or relaparotomy. Through individual approach it allows a more accurate assessment of healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Cwaliński
- Department of General and Endocrynologic Surgery and Gastroenterologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-355, Poland
| | - Jacek Hermann
- Department of General and Endocrynologic Surgery and Gastroenterologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-355, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kasprzyk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-355, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banasiewicz
- Department of General and Endocrynologic Surgery and Gastroenterologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-355, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Naseer M, Lambert K, Hamed A, Ali E. Endoscopic advances in the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:1-16. [PMID: 31942229 PMCID: PMC6939122 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is defined as the bleeding originating from the esophagus to the ligament of Treitz and further classified into variceal and non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a common clinical problem globally. It is associated with high mortality, morbidity, and cost of the health care system. Despite the continuous improvement of therapeutic endoscopy, the 30-d readmission rate secondary to rebleeding and associated mortality is an ongoing issue. Available Food and Drug Administration approved traditional or conventional therapeutic endoscopic modalities includes epinephrine injection, argon plasma coagulation, heater probe, and placement of through the scope clip, which can be used alone or in combination to decrease the risk of rebleeding. Recently, more attention has been paid to the novel advanced endoscopic devices for primary treatment of the bleeding lesion and as a secondary measure when conventional therapies fail to achieve hemostasis. This review highlights emerging endoscopic modalities used in the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal related bleeding such as over-the-scope clip, Coagrasper, hemostatic sprays, radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, endoscopic suturing devices, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided angiotherapy. In this review article, we will also discuss the technical aspects of the common procedures, outcomes in terms of safety and efficacy, and their advantages and limitations in the setting of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Naseer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Karissa Lambert
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Ahmed Hamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Eslam Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| |
Collapse
|
293
|
Limpias Kamiya KJL, Hosoe N, Takabayashi K, Hayashi Y, Sun X, Miyanaga R, Fukuhara K, Fukuhara S, Naganuma M, Nakayama A, Kato M, Maehata T, Nakamura R, Ueno K, Sasaki J, Kitagawa Y, Yahagi N, Ogata H, Kanai T. Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies: A retrospective study in Japan. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:33-41. [PMID: 31942232 PMCID: PMC6939123 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ingestion of foreign bodies (FBs) and food bolus impaction (FBI) in the digestive tract are commonly encountered clinical problems. Methods to handle such problems continue to evolve offering advantages, such as the avoidance of surgery, reduced cost, improved visualization, reduced morbidity, and high removal success rate. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the endoscopic management of FBs in Japan.
AIM To elucidate level of safety and efficacy in the endoscopic management of FBs and FBI.
METHODS A total of 215 procedures were performed at Keio University Hospital between November 2007 and August 2018. Data were collected from medical charts, and endoscopic details were collected from an endoscopic reporting system. Procedures performed with a flexible gastrointestinal endoscope were only taken into account. Patients who underwent a technique involving FB or FBI from the digestive tract were only included. Data on patient sex, patient age, outpatient, inpatient, FB type, FB location, procedure time, procedure type, removal device type, success, and technical complications were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS Among the 215 procedures, 136 (63.3%) were performed in old adults (≥ 60 years), 180 (83.7%) procedures were performed in outpatients. The most common type of FBs were press-through-pack (PTP) medications [72 (33.5%) cases], FBI [47 (21.9%)], Anisakis parasite (AP) [41 (19.1%) cases]. Most FBs were located in the esophagus [130 (60.5%) cases] followed by the stomach [68 (31.6%) cases]. AP was commonly found in the stomach [39 (57.4%) cases], and it was removed using biopsy forceps in 97.5% of the cases. The most common FBs according to anatomical location were PTP medications (40%) and dental prostheses (DP) (40%) in the laryngopharynx, PTP (48.5%) in the esophagus, AP (57.4%) in the stomach, DP (37.5%) in the small intestine and video capsule endoscopy device (75%) in the colon. A transparent cap with grasping forceps was the most commonly used device [82 (38.1%) cases]. The success rate of the procedure was 100%, and complication were observed in only one case (0.5%).
CONCLUSION Endoscopic management of FBs and FBI in our Hospital is extremely safe and effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji JL Limpias Kamiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukie Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Xi Sun
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ryoichi Miyanaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kayoko Fukuhara
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fukuhara
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tadateru Maehata
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Ueno
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Sasaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Robles-Medranda C, Valero M, Puga-Tejada M, Oleas R, Baquerizo-Burgos J, Soria-Alcívar M, Alvarado-Escobar H, Pitanga-Lukashok H. High-definition optical magnification with digital chromoendoscopy detects gastric mucosal changes in dyspeptic-patients. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:23-32. [PMID: 31942231 PMCID: PMC6939121 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate detection of gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and premalignant lesions are important for effective provision of treatment, preventing the development of gastric neoplasia. Optical enhancement systems with optical magnification improved the identification of mucosal superficial and vascular patterns in patients with dyspepsia.
AIM To evaluate an optical enhancement system with high-definition magnification, for diagnosis of normal gastric mucosa, H. pylori-associated gastritis, and gastric atrophy.
METHODS A cross-sectional, nonrandomized study from November 2015 to April 2016 performed in a single-tertiary academic center from Ecuador. Seventy-two consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia according to the Rome III criteria, were tested for H. pylori using a stool antigen test and were assigned to an Hp+ group or an Hp− control group. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with high-definition optical magnification and digital chromoendoscopy was performed, and patients were classified into 4 groups, in accordance to the microvascular-architecture pattern of the mucosa. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement among operators were calculated.
RESULTS Of the 72 participants, 35 were Hp+ and 37 were Hp−. Among 10 patients with normal mucosal histology in biopsy samples, 90% had a Type I pattern of microvascular architecture by endoscopy. Among participants with type IIa and type IIb patterns, significantly more were Hp+ than Hp− (32 vs 8), and most (31 out of 40) had histological diagnoses of chronic active gastritis. Two of the three participants with a histological diagnosis of atrophy had a type III microvascular pattern. The type I pattern predicted normal mucosa, type IIa–IIb predicted H. pylori infection, and type III predicted atrophy with sensitivities of 90.0%, 91.4%, and 66.7%, respectively. The intraobserver and interobserver agreements had kappa values of 0.91 and 0.89, respectively.
CONCLUSION High-definition optical magnification with digital chromoendoscopy is useful for diagnosis of normal gastric mucosa and H. pylori-associated gastritis with high accuracy, but further studies are needed to determine whether endoscopic diagnosis of gastric atrophy is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Robles-Medranda
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Valero
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Puga-Tejada
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| | - Roberto Oleas
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Baquerizo-Burgos
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Soria-Alcívar
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| | - Haydee Alvarado-Escobar
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| | - Hannah Pitanga-Lukashok
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas (IECED), Guayaquil 090505, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
295
|
Dodda A, Matsukuma K, Urayama S. Eosinophilic cholangitis: A case report of diagnostically challenging eosinophilic infiltrative biliary obstruction. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:589-595. [PMID: 31839877 PMCID: PMC6885728 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i12.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of biliary strictures primarily focuses on ruling out malignancy in older age groups. With endoscopic tools such as endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and cholangioscopy, improved biliary visualization has enhanced the investigation of intraluminal biliary lesions and provided modalities for targeted biopsies. Benign biliary strictures, however, may pose a diagnostic dilemma.
CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old female with past medial history of hypothyroidism presenting for abnormal biliary imaging. Patient’s previous evaluation was concerning for common bile duct dilation with cholelithiasis, for which she underwent a cholecystectomy. Due to persistent symptoms and worsening liver function tests, she presented to our institution for further workup. Subsequently, the patient underwent an EUS and multiple ERCP’s with cholangioscopy; biliary biopsies revealed no evidence of malignancy but concerning for prominent eosinophilic infiltration. After further review of multiple pathology specimens and the benign clinical course, we diagnosed the patient with eosinophilic cholangitis.
CONCLUSION Eosinophilic cholangitis is a rare disease and can present as a challenging case diagnostically. This case raises the potential utility of quantitative eosinophilic infiltration reporting in creating an objective diagnostic metric for eosinophilic cholangitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Dodda
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Karen Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Shiro Urayama
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Hu B, Ye LS. Endoscopic applications of magnets for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:548-560. [PMID: 31839874 PMCID: PMC6885730 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i12.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal diseases has developed rapidly in recent years, due to its minimally invasive nature. One of the main contributing factors for this progress is the improvement of endoscopic instruments, which are essential for facilitating safe and effective endoscopic interventions. However, the slow learning curve required in the implementation of many advanced endoscopic procedures using standard devices is associated with a high risk of complications. Other routine procedures may also be complicated by unexpected difficulties. Based on the ferromagnetic properties of many objects, both internal and external magnetic devices have been developed and applied for multiple endoscopic interventions. The applications of magnets, mainly including compression, anchoring and traction, facilitate many difficult procedures and make it feasible to operate procedures that were previously impossible. Other novel endoscopic applications, such as magnetic nanoparticles, are also under development. In this article, we reviewed published studies of endoscopic applications of magnets for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as precancerous lesions and cancer, obstruction, stricture, congenital and acquired malformations, motility disorders, and ingestion of foreign bodies. Since several endoscopic applications of magnets may also be relevant to surgery, we included them in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lian-Song Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
297
|
Haddad FG, El Imad T, Nassani N, Kwok R, Al Moussawi H, Polavarapu A, Ahmed M, El Douaihy Y, Deeb L. In-hospital acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: What is the scope of the problem? World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:561-572. [PMID: 31839875 PMCID: PMC6885731 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i12.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a frequently encountered condition in the Gastroenterology field with a mortality rate of 10-14%. Despite recent newer innovations and advancements in endoscopic techniques and available medications, the mortality rate associated with AUGIB remained persistently elevated.
AIM To explore mortality, characteristics and outcome differences between hospitalized patients who develop AUGIB while in-hospital, and patients who initially present with AUGIB.
METHODS This is a retrospective of patients who presented to Northwell Health Staten Island University Hospital from October 2012 to October 2016 with AUGIB that was confirmed endoscopically. Patients were divided in two groups: Group 1 comprised patients who developed AUGIB during their hospital stay; group 2 consisted of patients who initially presented with AUGIB as their main complaint. Patient characteristics, time to endoscopy, endoscopy findings and interventions, and clinical outcomes were collected and compared between groups.
RESULTS A total of 336 patients were included. Group 1 consisted of 139 patients and group 2 of 196 patients. Mortality was significantly higher in the 1st group compared to the 2nd (20% vs 3.1%, P ≤ 0.05). Increased length of stay (LOS) was noted in the 1st group (13 vs 6, P ≤ 0.05). LOS post-endoscopy, vasopressor use, number of packed red blood cell units and patients requiring fresh frozen plasma were higher in group 1. Inpatients were more likely to be on corticosteroids, antiplatelets and anticoagulants. Conversely, the mean time from bleeding to undergoing upper endoscopy was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2.
CONCLUSION In-hospital AUGIB is associated with high mortality and morbidity despite a shorter time to endoscopy. Larger scale studies assessing the role of increased comorbidities and antithrombotic use in this setting are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fady G Haddad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Talal El Imad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Najib Nassani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Raymond Kwok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Hassan Al Moussawi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Abhishek Polavarapu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Moiz Ahmed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY 11373, United States
| | - Youssef El Douaihy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Liliane Deeb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
298
|
Delgado AADA, de Moura DTH, Ribeiro IB, Bazarbashi AN, dos Santos MEL, Bernardo WM, de Moura EGH. Propofol vs traditional sedatives for sedation in endoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:573-588. [PMID: 31839876 PMCID: PMC6885729 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i12.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is commonly used for sedation during endoscopic procedures. Data suggests its superiority to traditional sedatives used in endoscopy including benzodiazepines and opioids with more rapid onset of action and improved post-procedure recovery times for patients. However, Propofol requires administration by trained healthcare providers, has a narrow therapeutic index, lacks an antidote and increases risks of cardio-pulmonary complications.
AIM To compare, through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, sedation with propofol to traditional sedatives with or without propofol during endoscopic procedures.
METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS, BVS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. The last search in the literature was performed on March, 2019 with no restriction regarding the idiom or the year of publication. Only randomized clinical trials with full texts published were included. We divided sedation therapies to the following groups: (1) Propofol versus benzodiazepines and/or opiate sedatives; (2) Propofol versus Propofol with benzodiazepine and/or opioids; and (3) Propofol with adjunctive benzodiazepine and opioid versus benzodiazepine and opioid. The following outcomes were addressed: Adverse events, patient satisfaction with type of sedation, endoscopists satisfaction with sedation administered, dose of propofol administered and time to recovery post procedure. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5 software version 5.39.
RESULTS A total of 23 clinical trials were included (n = 3854) from the initial search of 6410 articles. For Group I (Propofol vs benzodiazepine and/or opioids): The incidence of bradycardia was not statistically different between both sedation arms (RD: -0.01, 95%CI: −0.03–+0.01, I2: 22%). In 10 studies, the incidence of hypotension was not statistically difference between sedation arms (RD: 0.01, 95%CI: −0.02–+0.04, I2: 0%). Oxygen desaturation was higher in the propofol group but not statistically different between groups (RD: −0.03, 95%CI: −0.06–+0.00, I2: 25%). Patients were more satisfied with their sedation in the benzodiazepine + opioid group compared to those with monotherapy propofol sedation (MD: +0.89, 95%CI: +0.62–+1.17, I2: 39%). The recovery time after the procedure showed high heterogeneity even after outlier withdrawal, there was no statistical difference between both arms (MD: -15.15, 95%CI: −31.85–+1.56, I2: 99%). For Group II (Propofol vs propofol with benzodiazepine and/or opioids): Bradycardia had a tendency to occur in the Propofol group with benzodiazepine and/or opioid-associated (RD: -0.08, 95%CI: −0.13–−0.02, I2: 59%). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of bradycardia (RD: -0.00, 95%CI: −0.08–+0.08, I2: 85%), desaturation (RD: −0.00, 95%CI: −0.03–+0.02, I2: 44%) or recovery time (MD: -2.04, 95%CI: −6.96–+2.88, I2: 97%) between sedation arms. The total dose of propofol was higher in the propofol group with benzodiazepine and/or opiates but with high heterogeneity. (MD: 70.36, 95%CI: +53.11–+87.60, I2: 61%). For Group III (Propofol with benzodiazepine and opioid vs benzodiazepine and opioid): Bradycardia and hypotension was not statistically significant between groups (RD: -0.00, 95%CI: −0.002–+0.02, I2: 3%; RD: 0.04, 95%CI: −0.05–+0.13, I2: 77%). Desaturation was evaluated in two articles and was higher in the propofol + benzodiazepine + opioid group, but with high heterogeneity (RD: 0.15, 95%CI: 0.08–+0.22, I2: 95%).
CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that the use of propofol alone or in combination with traditional adjunctive sedatives is safe and does not result in an increase in negative outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aureo Augusto de Almeida Delgado
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403000, Brazil
| | - Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403000, Brazil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Igor Braga Ribeiro
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403000, Brazil
| | - Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Marcos Eduardo Lera dos Santos
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403000, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Marques Bernardo
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403000, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
299
|
Hashimoto R, Lee JG, Chang KJ, Chehade NEH, Samarasena JB. Endoscopic ultrasound-through-the-needle biopsy in pancreatic cystic lesions: A large single center experience. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:531-540. [PMID: 31798774 PMCID: PMC6875688 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i11.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing a diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) preoperatively still remains challenging. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-through-the-needle biopsy (EUS-TTNB) using microforceps in PCLs has been made available.
AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of EUS-TTNB in the diagnosis of PCLs.
METHODS We retrospectively collected data of patients with PCLs who underwent both EUS-fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for cytology and EUS-TTNB at our institution since 2016. EUS-FNA for cytology was followed by EUS-TTNB in the same session. Evaluation of the cyst location, primary diagnosis, adverse events, and comparison between the cytologic fluid analyses and histopathology was performed. Technical success of EUS-TTNB was defined as visible tissue present after biopsy. Clinical success was defined as the presence of a specimen adequate to make a histologic or cytologic diagnosis.
RESULTS A total of 56 patients (mean age 66.9 ± 11.7, 53.6% females) with PCLs were enrolled over the study period. The mean cyst size was 28.8 mm (12-85 mm). The EUS-TTNB procedure was technically successful in all patients (100%). The clinical success rate using EUS-TTNB was much higher than standard EUS-FNA, respectively 80.4% (45/56) vs 25% (14/56). Adverse events occurred in 2 patients (3.6%) who developed mild pancreatitis that resolved with medical therapy. Using TTNB specimens, 23 of 32 cases (71.9%) with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm were further differentiated into gastric type (19 patients) and pancreaticobiliary type (4 patients) based on immunochemical staining.
CONCLUSION EUS-TTNB for PCLs was technically feasible and had a favorable safety profile. Furthermore, the diagnostic yield for PCLs was much higher with EUS-TTNB than standard EUS-FNA cytology and fluid carcinoembryonic antigen. EUS-TTNB should be considered as an adjunct to EUS-FNA and cytologic analysis in the diagnosis and management of PCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Hashimoto
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - John G Lee
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Kenneth J Chang
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Nabil El Hage Chehade
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Jason B Samarasena
- H. H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Shanmugam RM, Shanmugam C, Murugesan M, Kalyansundaram M, Gopalsamy S, Ranjan A. Oesophageal carcinoma mimicking a submucosal lesion: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:541-547. [PMID: 31772722 PMCID: PMC6875686 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i11.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in India. Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) arise from the epithelial layer, and commonly present as polypoidal, ulcerative or ulceroproliferative growth in the oesophageal lumen. In contrast, oesophageal submucosal tumours are a distinct group of tumours arising from the mesenchyme (examples include leiomyoma, fibrovasculoma, lipoma, granular cell tumour or carcinoid), and mostly do not breach the mucosa. Oesophageal submucosal tumours are a distinct group of tumours arising from the mesenchyme, and mostly do not breach the mucosa. Complete intramural growth of an advanced primary ESCC is an exceedingly rare presentation, with only six cases reported in the literature thus far. We herein report a case of primary ESCC with complete intramural invasion that endoscopically mimics a submucosal lesion.
CASE SUMMARY A 50 year old male presented with a progressive mechanical type of dysphagia for one month. His history was significant, including squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue that was treated with surgery and chemoradiation 1 year prior. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a large, hemispherical lesion with normal-appearing overlying mucosa about 4 cm × 5 cm in size extending from 30-34 cm from incisors. The patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and a fine‑needle biopsy was performed, which was suggestive for squamous cell carcinoma. We herein report a case of primary ESCC with complete intramural invasion, endoscopically mimicking a submucosal lesion. The diagnosis could be established only by a EUS-guided biopsy.
CONCLUSION This case report highlights that intramural ESCC may look like a submucosal lesion in endoscopy, and EUS biopsy is needed for final diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Marimuthu Shanmugam
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai 600001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Shanmugam
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai 600001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manimaran Murugesan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai 600001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukumaran Kalyansundaram
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai 600001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathya Gopalsamy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai 600001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amiya Ranjan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai 600001, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|