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Pericàs JM, Llopis J, Muñoz P, Gálvez-Acebal J, Kestler M, Valerio M, Hernández-Meneses M, Goenaga MÁ, Cobo-Belaustegui M, Montejo M, Ojeda-Burgos G, Sousa-Regueiro MD, de Alarcón A, Ramos-Martínez A, Miró JM. A Contemporary Picture of Enterococcal Endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:482-494. [PMID: 32029130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcal endocarditis (EE) is a growing entity in Western countries. However, quality data from large studies is lacking. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and analyze the prognostic factors of EE in the GAMES cohort. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of patients from 35 Spanish centers from 2008 to 2016. Characteristics and outcomes of 516 cases of EE were compared with those of 3,308 cases of nonenterococcal endocarditis (NEE). Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for in-hospital and 1-year mortality, as well as relapses. RESULTS Patients with EE were significantly older; more frequently presented chronic lung disease, chronic heart failure, prior endocarditis, and degenerative valve disease; and had higher median age-adjusted Charlson score. EE more frequently involved the aortic valve and prosthesis (64.3% vs. 46.7%; p < 0.001; and 35.9% vs. 28.9%; p = 0.002, respectively) but less frequently pacemakers/defibrillators (1.5% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.001), and showed higher rates of acute heart failure (45% vs. 38.3%; p = 0.005). Cardiac surgery was less frequently performed in EE (40.7% vs. 45.9%; p = 0.024). No differences in in-hospital and 1-year mortality were found, whereas relapses were significantly higher in EE (3.5% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.035). Increasing Charlson score, LogEuroSCORE, acute heart failure, septic shock, and paravalvular complications were risk factors for mortality, whereas prior endocarditis was protective and persistent bacteremia constituted the sole risk factor for relapse. CONCLUSIONS Besides other baseline and clinical differences, EE more frequently affects prosthetic valves and less frequently pacemakers/defibrillators. EE presents higher rates of relapse than NEE.
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Larrosa MN, Benito N, Cantón R, Canut A, Cercenado E, Fernández-Cuenca F, Guinea J, López-Navas A, Moreno MÁ, Oliver A, Martínez-Martínez L. From CLSI to EUCAST, a necessary step in Spanish laboratories. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 38:79-83. [PMID: 30409509 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Spanish Antibiogram Committee (Comité Español del Antibiograma, COESANT) presents in this document a simple "roadmap" or decalogue of recommendations, with a view to facilitating the transition from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) antimicrobial susceptibility testing regulations to the Clinical Microbiology Spanish laboratories that still use the CLSI guidelines. The objectives are to adapt the closer European regulations to the Spanish clinical and epidemiological reality and to fully implement the EUCAST recommendations in all microbiology laboratories in Spain.
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Babich T, Naucler P, Valik JK, Giske CG, Benito N, Cardona R, Rivera A, Pulcini C, Fattah MA, Haquin J, MacGowan A, Grier S, Chazan B, Yanovskay A, Ami RB, Landes M, Nesher L, Zaidman-Shimshovitz A, McCarthy K, Paterson DL, Tacconelli E, Buhl M, Maurer S, Rodriguez-Bano J, Morales I, Oliver A, de Gopegui ER, Cano A, Machuca I, Gozalo-Marguello M, Martinez-Martinez L, Gonzalez-Barbera EM, Alfaro IG, Salavert M, Beovic B, Saje A, Mueller-Premru M, Pagani L, Vitrat V, Kofteridis D, Zacharioudaki M, Maraki S, Weissman Y, Paul M, Dickstein Y, Leibovici L, Yahav D. Risk factors for mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia: a retrospective multicentre study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105847. [PMID: 31770625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for 30-day mortality among hospitalised patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia, a highly fatal condition. A retrospective study was conducted between 1 January 2009 and 31 October 2015 in 25 centres (9 countries) including 2396 patients. Univariable and multivariable analyses of risk factors were conducted for the entire cohort and for patients surviving ≥48 h. A propensity score for predictors of appropriate empirical therapy was introduced into the analysis. Of the 2396 patients, 636 (26.5%) died within 30 days. Significant predictors (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) of mortality in the multivariable analysis included patient-related factors: age (1.02, 1.01-1.03); female sex (1.34, 1.03-1.77); bedridden functional capacity (1.99, 1.24-3.21); recent hospitalisation (1.43, 1.07-1.92); concomitant corticosteroids (1.33, 1.02-1.73); and Charlson comorbidity index (1.05, 1.01-1.93). Infection-related factors were multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas (1.52, 1.15-2.1), non-urinary source (2.44, 1.54-3.85) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (1.27, 1.18-1.36). Inappropriate empirical therapy was not associated with increased mortality (0.81, 0.49-1.33). Among 2135 patients surviving ≥48 h, hospital-acquired infection (1.59, 1.21-2.09), baseline endotracheal tube (1.63, 1.13-2.36) and ICU admission (1.53, 1.02-2.28) were additional risk factors. Risk factors for mortality among patients with P. aeruginosa were mostly irreversible. Early appropriate empirical therapy was not associated with reduced mortality. Further research should be conducted to explore subgroups that may not benefit from broad-spectrum antipseudomonal empirical therapy. Efforts should focus on prevention of infection, mainly hospital-acquired infection and multidrug-resistant pseudomonal infection.
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Benito N, Filella D, Mateo J, Fortuna AM, Gutierrez-Alliende JE, Hernandez N, Gimenez AM, Pomar V, Castellvi I, Corominas H, Casademont J, Domingo P. Pulmonary Thrombosis or Embolism in a Large Cohort of Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:557. [PMID: 32984388 PMCID: PMC7477312 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We set out to analyze the incidence and predictive factors of pulmonary embolism (PE) in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Methods: We prospectively collected data from all consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 admitted to the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, a university hospital in Barcelona, between March 9 and April 15, 2020. Patients with suspected PE, according to standardized guidelines, underwent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Results: A total of 1,275 patients with Covid-19 were admitted to hospital. CTPA was performed on 76 inpatients, and a diagnosis of PE was made in 32 (2.6% [95%CI 1.7-3.5%]). Patients with PE were older, and they exhibited lower PaO2:FiO2 ratios and higher levels of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP). They more often required admission to ICU and mechanical ventilation, and they often had longer hospital stays, although in-hospital mortality was no greater than in patients without PE. High CRP and D-dimer levels at admission (≥150 mg/L and ≥1,000 ng/ml, respectively) and a peak D-dimer ≥6,000 ng/ml during hospital stay were independent factors associated with PE. Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin did not appear to prevent PE. Increased CRP levels correlated with increased D-dimer levels and both correlated with a lower PaO2:FiO2. Conclusions: The 2.6% incidence of PE in Covid-19 hospitalized patients is clearly high. Higher doses of thromboprophylaxis may be required to prevent PE, particularly in patients at increased risk, such as those with high levels of CRP and D-dimer at admission. These findings should be validated in future studies.
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Pericà S JM, Llopis J, González-Ramallo V, Goenaga MÁ, Muñoz P, García-Leoni ME, Fariñas MC, Pajarón M, Ambrosioni J, Luque R, Goikoetxea J, Oteo JA, Carrizo E, Bodro M, Reguera-Iglesias JM, Navas E, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Miró JM. Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment for Infective Endocarditis: A Prospective Cohort Study From the GAMES Cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:1690-1700. [PMID: 30649282 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT) has proven efficacious for treating infective endocarditis (IE). However, the 2001 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) criteria for OPAT in IE are very restrictive. We aimed to compare the outcomes of OPAT with those of hospital-based antibiotic treatment (HBAT). METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 2000 consecutive IE patients in 25 Spanish hospitals (2008-2012) was performed. RESULTS A total of 429 patients (21.5%) received OPAT, and only 21.7% fulfilled IDSA criteria. Males accounted for 70.5%, median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56-76), and 57% had native-valve IE. The most frequent causal microorganisms were viridans group streptococci (18.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.6%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (14.5%). Median length of antibiotic treatment was 42 days (IQR, 32-54), and 44% of patients underwent cardiac surgery. One-year mortality was 8% (42% for HBAT; P < .001), 1.4% of patients relapsed, and 10.9% were readmitted during the first 3 months after discharge (no significant differences compared with HBAT). Charlson score (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.42; P = .01) and cardiac surgery (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, .09-.63; P = .04) were associated with 1-year mortality, whereas aortic valve involvement (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, .22-.98; P = .007) was the only predictor of 1-year readmission. Failing to fulfill IDSA criteria was not a risk factor for mortality or readmission. CONCLUSIONS OPAT provided excellent results despite the use of broader criteria than those recommended by IDSA. OPAT criteria should therefore be expanded.
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Horcajada JP, Montero M, Oliver A, Sorlí L, Luque S, Gómez-Zorrilla S, Benito N, Grau S. Epidemiology and Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:32/4/e00031-19. [PMID: 31462403 PMCID: PMC6730496 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00031-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the worldwide spread of the so-called high-risk clones of multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a public health threat. This article reviews their mechanisms of resistance, epidemiology, and clinical impact and current and upcoming therapeutic options. In vitro and in vivo treatment studies and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models are discussed. Polymyxins are reviewed as an important therapeutic option, outlining dosage, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and their clinical efficacy against MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa infections. Their narrow therapeutic window and potential for combination therapy are also discussed. Other "old" antimicrobials, such as certain β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fosfomycin, are reviewed here. New antipseudomonals, as well as those in the pipeline, are also reviewed. Ceftolozane-tazobactam has clinical activity against a significant percentage of MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa strains, and its microbiological and clinical data, as well as recommendations for improving its use against these bacteria, are described, as are those for ceftazidime-avibactam, which has better activity against MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa, especially strains with certain specific mechanisms of resistance. A section is devoted to reviewing upcoming active drugs such as imipenem-relebactam, cefepime-zidebactam, cefiderocol, and murepavadin. Finally, other therapeutic strategies, such as use of vaccines, antibodies, bacteriocins, anti-quorum sensing, and bacteriophages, are described as future options.
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Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Sebillotte M, Lomas J, Kendrick B, Palomares EB, Murillo O, Parvizi J, Shohat N, Reinoso JC, Sánchez RE, Fernandez-Sampedro M, Senneville E, Huotari K, Allende JMB, García AB, Lora-Tamayo J, Ferrari MC, Vaznaisiene D, Yusuf E, Aboltins C, Trebse R, Salles MJ, Benito N, Vila A, Toro MDD, Kramer TS, Petersdorf S, Diaz-Brito V, Tufan ZK, Sanchez M, Arvieux C, Soriano A. Timing of implant-removal in late acute periprosthetic joint infection: A multicenter observational study. J Infect 2019; 79:199-205. [PMID: 31319141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the treatment outcome in late acute (LA) periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) treated with debridement and implant retention (DAIR) versus implant removal. METHODS In a large multicenter study, LA PJIs of the hip and knee were retrospectively evaluated. Failure was defined as: PJI related death, prosthesis removal or the need for suppressive antibiotic therapy. LA PJI was defined as acute symptoms <3 weeks in patients more than 3 months after the index surgery and with a history of normal joint function. RESULTS 445 patients were included, comprising 340 cases treated with DAIR and 105 cases treated with implant removal (19% one-stage revision (n = 20), 74.3% two-stage revision (n = 78) and 6.7% definitive implant removal (n = 7). Overall failure in patients treated with DAIR was 45.0% (153/340) compared to 24.8% (26/105) for implant removal (p < 0.001). Difference in failure rate remained after 1:1 propensity-score matching. A preoperative CRIME80-score ≥3 (OR 2.9), PJI caused by S. aureus (OR 1.8) and implant retention (OR 3.1) were independent predictors for failure in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION DAIR is a viable surgical treatment for most patients with LA PJI, but implant removal should be considered in a subset of patients, especially in those with a CRIME80-score ≥3.
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Cuerpo GP, Valerio M, Pedraz A, Rodríguez-Abella H, Mestres CA, Obrador EQ, González-Calle A, Rodríguez Álvarez R, García PM, Bouza E. Mitral valve repair in infective endocarditis is not inferior to valve replacement: results from a Spanish nationwide prospective registry. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 67:585-593. [PMID: 30666586 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-019-01063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infective endocarditis (IE) still carries high morbidity and mortality and frequently requires surgery. The benefit of mitral valve repair (MVr) in the setting of IE is yet to be proven. The goal of this study was to assess the results of MVr in patients with IE after a minimum follow-up of 1 year. METHODS This study is based on a Spanish nationwide prospective registry that included patients operated on for native mitral valve IE. The collaborating Institutions pooled their pre-, peri-, and postoperative data into the database of the GAMES group [Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la EndocarditiS (Group for support and management of infective endocarditis)]. RESULTS Data from 27 hospitals were recorded and 3524 cases of active IE identified between 2008 and 2016. There were 1513 cases of mitral IE, of which 898 involved native valves. Of these, 437 patients underwent surgical treatment, and 369 completed the 1-year follow-up. The valve was repaired in 68 cases (18.4%). Preoperative groups were comparable (EuroSCORE MVr 7.7 vs MVR 8.0; p = ns). Mortality in the repair group was inferior to that in the replacement group (16.2% vs 27.2%, p = 0.058). At 1 year, mortality remained higher in the replacement group: 3.7% vs 2.9%. Relapse of the infection was slightly more frequent in the repair group (7.1% vs 3.7%; p = ns), although this did not lead to higher rates of reintervention (MVr/MVR: 2.9% vs 4.9%). CONCLUSION MVr is an attractive option for specific patients with IE and does not seem to negatively impact on relapses.
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Armiñanzas C, Fariñas-Alvarez C, Zarauza J, Muñoz P, González Ramallo V, Martínez Sellés M, Miró Meda JM, Pericás JM, Goenaga MÁ, Ojeda Burgos G, Rodríguez Álvarez R, Castelo Corral L, Gálvez-Acebal J, Martínez Marcos FJ, Fariñas MC, Fernández Sánchez F, Noureddine M, Rosas G, de la Torre Lima J, Aramendi J, Bereciartua E, Blanco MJ, Blanco R, Boado MV, Campaña Lázaro M, Crespo A, Goikoetxea J, Iruretagoyena JR, Irurzun Zuazabal J, López-Soria L, Montejo M, Nieto J, Rodrigo D, Rodríguez D, Rodríguez R, Vitoria Y, Voces R, García López MV, Georgieva RI, Ojeda G, Rodríguez Bailón I, Ruiz Morales J, Cuende AM, Echeverría T, Fuerte A, Gaminde E, Goenaga MÁ, Idígoras P, Iribarren JA, Izaguirre Yarza A, Kortajarena Urkola X, Reviejo C, Carrasco R, Climent V, Llamas P, Merino E, Plazas J, Reus S, Álvarez N, Bravo-Ferrer JM, Castelo L, Cuenca J, Llinares P, Miguez Rey E, Rodríguez Mayo M, Sánchez E, Sousa Regueiro D, Martínez FJ, Alonso MDM, Castro B, García Rosado D, Durán MDC, Miguel Gómez MA, Lacalzada J, Nassar I, Plata Ciezar A, Reguera Iglesias JM, Asensi Álvarez V, Costas C, de la Hera J, Fernández Suárez J, Iglesias Fraile L, León Arguero V, López Menéndez J, Mencia Bajo P, Morales C, Moreno Torrico A, Palomo C, Paya Martínez B, Rodríguez Esteban Á, Rodríguez García R, Telenti Asensio M, Almela M, Ambrosioni J, Azqueta M, Brunet M, Bodro M, Cartañá R, Falces C, Fita G, Fuster D, García de la Mària C, Hernández-Meneses M, Llopis Pérez J, Marco F, Miró JM, Moreno A, Nicolás D, Ninot S, Quintana E, Paré C, Pereda D, Pericás JM, Pomar JL, Ramírez J, Rovira I, Sandoval E, Sitges M, Soy D, Téllez A, Tolosana JM, Vidal B, Vila J, Adán I, Bermejo J, Bouza E, Celemín D, Cuerpo Caballero G, Delgado Montero A, Fernández Cruz A, García Mansilla A, García Leoni ME, González Ramallo V, Kestler Hernández M, Hualde AM, Marín M, Martínez-Sellés M, Menárguez MC, Muñoz P, Rincón C, Rodríguez-Abella H, Rodríguez-Créixems M, Pinilla B, Pinto Á, Valerio M, Vázquez P, Verde Moreno E, Antorrena I, Loeches B, Martín Quirós A, Moreno M, Ramírez U, Rial Bastón V, Romero M, Saldaña A, Agüero Balbín J, Amado C, Armiñanzas Castillo C, Arnaiz García A, Cobo Belaustegui M, Fariñas MC, Fariñas-Álvarez C, Gómez Izquierdo R, García I, González-Rico C, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Gutiérrez Díez J, Pajarón M, Parra JA, Sarralde A, Teira R, Zarauza J, Domínguez F, García Pavía P, González J, Orden B, Ramos A, Centella T, Hermida JM, Moya JL, Martín-Dávila P, Navas E, Oliva E, Del Río A, Ruiz S, Hidalgo Tenorio C, Almendro Delia M, Araji O, Barquero JM, Calvo Jambrina R, de Cueto M, Gálvez Acebal J, Méndez I, Morales I, López-Cortés LE, de Alarcón A, García E, Haro JL, Lepe JA, López F, Luque R, Alonso LJ, Azcárate P, Azcona Gutiérrez JM, Blanco JR, García-Álvarez L, Oteo JA, Sanz M, de Benito N, Gurguí M, Pacho C, Pericas R, Pons G, Álvarez M, Fernández AL, Martínez A, Prieto A, Regueiro B, Tijeira E, Vega M, Canut Blasco A, Cordo Mollar J, Gainzarain Arana JC, García Uriarte O, Martín López A, Ortiz de Zárate Z, Urturi Matos JA, García Domínguez G, Sánchez-Porto A, Arribas Leal JM, García Vázquez E, Hernández Torres A, Blázquez A, de la Morena Valenzuela G, Alonso Á, Aramburu J, Calvo FE, Moreno Rodríguez A, Tarabini-Castellani P, Heredero Gálvez E, Maicas Bellido C, Largo Pau J, Sepúlveda MA, Toledano Sierra P, Iqbal-Mirza SZ, Cascales Alcolea E, Egea Serrano P, Hernández Roca JJ, Keituqwa Yañez I, Peláez Ballesta A, Soriano V, Moreno Escobar E, Peña Monje A, Sánchez Cabrera V, Vinuesa García D, Arrizabalaga Asenjo M, Cifuentes Luna C, Núñez Morcillo J, Pérez Seco MC, Villoslada Gelabert A, Aured Guallar C, Fernández Abad N, García Mangas P, Matamala Adell M, Palacián Ruiz MP, Porres JC, Alcaraz Vidal B, Cobos Trigueros N, Del Amor Espín MJ, Giner Caro JA, Jiménez Sánchez R, Jimeno Almazán A, Ortín Freire A, Viqueira González M, Pericás Ramis P, Ribas Blanco MÁ, Ruiz de Gopegui Bordes E, Vidal Bonet L, Bellón Munera MC, Escribano Garaizabal E, Tercero Martínez A, Segura Luque JC. Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 64:63-71. [PMID: 30904433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. METHODS Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. RESULTS A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32-3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39-1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16-1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group.
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García-Álvarez L, Sanz MM, Marín M, Fariñas MC, Montejo M, Goikoetxea J, Rodríguez García R, de Alarcón A, Almela M, Fernández-Hidalgo N, Alonso Socas MM, Goenaga MA, Navas E, Vicioso L, Oteo JA. Antimicrobial management of Tropheryma whipplei endocarditis: the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis (GAMES) experience. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:1713-1717. [PMID: 30789210 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tropheryma whipplei has been detected in 3.5% of the blood culture-negative cases of endocarditis in Spain. Experience in the management of T. whipplei endocarditis is limited. Here we report the long-term outcome of the treatment of previously reported patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) caused by T. whipplei from the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis Infecciosa en España (GAMES) and discuss potential options for antimicrobial therapy for IE caused by T. whipplei. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with T. whipplei endocarditis were recruited between 2008 and 2014 in 25 Spanish hospitals. Patients were classified according to the therapeutic regimen: ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine and other treatment options. RESULTS Follow-up data were obtained from 14 patients. The median follow-up was 46.5 months. All patients completed the antibiotic treatment prescribed, with a median duration of 13 months. Six patients were treated with ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (median duration 13 months), four with doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine (median duration 13.8 months) and four with other treatment options (median duration 22.3 months). The follow-up after the end of the treatments was between 5 and 84 months (median 24 months). CONCLUSIONS All treatment lines were effective and well tolerated. Therapeutic failures were not detected during the treatment. None of the patients died or experienced a relapse during the follow-up. Only six patients received antibiotic treatment in accordance with guidelines. These data suggest that shorter antimicrobial treatments could be effective.
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Garrigues GE, Zmistowski B, Cooper AM, Green A. Proceedings from the 2018 International Consensus Meeting on Orthopedic Infections: management of periprosthetic shoulder infection. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2019; 28:S67-S99. [PMID: 31196516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Second International Consensus Meeting on Orthopedic Infections was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in July 2018. A multidisciplinary team of international experts from all 9 subspecialties of orthopedic surgery and allied fields of infectious disease, microbiology, and epidemiology was assembled to form the International Consensus Group. The following consensus proceedings from the International Consensus Meeting involve 30 questions pertaining to the management of periprosthetic shoulder infection.
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Benito N, Mur I, Ribera A, Soriano A, Rodríguez-Pardo D, Sorlí L, Cobo J, Fernández-Sampedro M, Del Toro MD, Guío L, Praena J, Bahamonde A, Riera M, Esteban J, Baraia-Etxaburu JM, Martínez-Alvarez J, Jover-Sáenz A, Dueñas C, Ramos A, Sobrino B, Euba G, Morata L, Pigrau C, Horcajada JP, Coll P, Crusi X, Ariza J. The Different Microbial Etiology of Prosthetic Joint Infections according to Route of Acquisition and Time after Prosthesis Implantation, Including the Role of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050673. [PMID: 31086080 PMCID: PMC6572185 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to characterize the etiology of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs)-including multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)-by category of infection. A multicenter study of 2544 patients with PJIs was performed. We analyzed the causative microorganisms according to the Tsukayama's scheme (early postoperative, late chronic, and acute hematogenous infections (EPI, LCI, AHI) and "positive intraoperative cultures" (PIC)). Non-hematogenous PJIs were also evaluated according to time since surgery: <1 month, 2-3 months, 4-12 months, >12 months. AHIs were mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (39.2%) and streptococci (30.2%). EPIs were characterized by a preponderance of virulent microorganisms (S. aureus, Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), enterococci), MDROs (24%) and polymicrobial infections (27.4%). Conversely, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Cutibacterium species were predominant in LCIs (54.5% and 6.1%, respectively) and PICs (57.1% and 15.1%). The percentage of MDROs isolated in EPIs was more than three times the percentage isolated in LCIs (7.8%) and more than twice the proportion found in AHI (10.9%). There was a significant decreasing linear trend over the four time intervals post-surgery for virulent microorganisms, MDROs, and polymicrobial infections, and a rising trend for CoNS, streptococci and Cutibacterium spp. The observed differences have important implications for the empirical antimicrobial treatment of PJIs.
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Papadopoulos A, Ribera A, Mavrogenis AF, Rodriguez-Pardo D, Bonnet E, JoséSalles M, Dolores Del Toro M, Nguyen S, Blanco-García A, Skaliczki G, Soriano A, Benito N, Petersdorf S, Pasticci MB, Tattevin P, Tufan ZK, Chan M, O'Connell N, Pantazis N, Kyprianou A, Pigrau C, Megaloikonomos PD, Senneville E, Ariza J, Papagelopoulos PJ, Giannitsioti E. Corrigendum to "Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative prosthetic joint infections: Role of surgery and impact of colistin administration" [International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 53(3) (2019) 294-301]. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:538-539. [PMID: 30910479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mitsuwan W, Jiménez-Munguía I, Visutthi M, Sianglum W, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Voravuthikunchai SP. Rhodomyrtone decreases Staphylococcus aureus SigB activity during exponentially growing phase and inhibits haemolytic activity within membrane vesicles. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:112-118. [PMID: 30583020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sigma factor B (SigB) controls the expression of Staphylococcus aureus genes including virulence factors and plays a role in the bacterial secretion system through membrane vesicle production. Inhibition of SigB could attenuate SigB dependent virulence and secretion system. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rhodomyrtone on SigB and virulence factors related to SigB. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of rhodomyrtone against 67 clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were 0.25-8 μg/ml, which were similar to those of vancomycin. Using luciferase gene fused to SigB dependent promoters of asp23, five time reduction in SigB activity was observed when the bacteria were treated with rhodomyrtone for 3 h. Rhodomyrtone significantly reduced SigB activity in a concentration dependent manner in exponentially growing cells (P < 0.05). In addition, sigB mutant was more sensitive towards increasing concentrations of rhodomyrtone than the wild type and yabJ-spoVG mutant. Rhodomyrtone at 0.625 μg/ml reduced the growth of sigB mutant by approximately 99%, compared with the yabJ-spoVG mutant and the wild type. Membrane vesicles were significantly reduced in the bacterial cells when treated with 0.5 × MIC rhodomyrtone (P < 0.05). Decreased haemolytic activity was detected within rhodomyrtone-treated membrane vesicles. The results indicated that rhodomyrtone inhibited S. aureus SigB activity during exponentially growing phase and inhibited haemolytic activity within membrane vesicles.
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Papadopoulos A, Ribera A, Mavrogenis AF, Rodriguez-Pardo D, Bonnet E, Salles MJ, Dolores Del Toro M, Nguyen S, Blanco-García A, Skaliczki G, Soriano A, Benito N, Petersdorf S, Pasticci MB, Tattevin P, Tufan ZK, Chan M, O'Connell N, Pantazis N, Kyprianou A, Pigrau C, Megaloikonomos PD, Senneville E, Ariza J, Papagelopoulos PJ, Giannitsioti E. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative prosthetic joint infections: Role of surgery and impact of colistin administration. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:294-301. [PMID: 30395988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Factors influencing treatment outcome of patients with Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) prosthetic joint infection (PJIs) were analysed. Data were collected (2000-2015) by 18 centres. Treatment success was analysed by surgery type for PJI, resistance (MDR/XDR) and antimicrobials (colistin/non-colistin) using logistic regression and survival analyses. A total of 131 patients (mean age 73.0 years, 35.9% male, 58.8% with co-morbidities) with MDR (n = 108) or XDR (n = 23) GNB PJI were assessed. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (33.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.4%) and Enterobacter cloacae (17.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominated in XDR cases. Isolates were carbapenem-resistant (n = 12), fluoroquinolone-resistant (n = 63) and ESBL-producers (n = 94). Treatment outcome was worse in XDR versus MDR cases (P = 0.018). Success rates did not differ for colistin versus non-colistin in XDR cases (P = 0.657), but colistin was less successful in MDR cases (P = 0.018). Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) (n = 67) was associated with higher failure rates versus non-DAIR (n = 64) (OR = 3.57, 95% CI 1.68-7.58; P < 0.001). Superiority of non-DAIR was confirmed by Kaplan-Meir analysis (HR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.20-0.67) and remained unchangeable by time of infection (early/late), antimicrobial resistance (MDR/XDR) and antimicrobials (colistin/non-colistin) (Breslow-Day, P = 0.737). DAIR is associated with higher failure rates even in early MDR/XDR GNB PJIs versus implant removal. Colistin should be preserved for XDR cases as it is detrimental in MDR infections.
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Ascione T, Barrack R, Benito N, Blevins K, Brause B, Cornu O, Frommelt L, Gant V, Goswami K, Hu R, Klement MR, Komnos G, Malhotra R, Mirza Y, Munhoz Lima AL, Nelson C, Noor SS, O'Malley M, Oussedik S, Portillo ME, Prieto H, Saxena A, Sessa G. General Assembly, Diagnosis, Pathogen Isolation - Culture Matters: Proceedings of International Consensus on Orthopedic Infections. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:S197-S206. [PMID: 30360977 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Sebillotte M, Lomas J, Taylor A, Palomares EB, Murillo O, Parvizi J, Shohat N, Reinoso JC, Sánchez RE, Fernandez-Sampedro M, Senneville E, Huotari K, Barbero JM, Garcia-Cañete J, Lora-Tamayo J, Ferrari MC, Vaznaisiene D, Yusuf E, Aboltins C, Trebse R, Salles MJ, Benito N, Vila A, Toro MDD, Kramer TS, Petersdorf S, Diaz-Brito V, Tufan ZK, Sanchez M, Arvieux C, Soriano A. Clinical outcome and risk factors for failure in late acute prosthetic joint infections treated with debridement and implant retention. J Infect 2019; 78:40-47. [PMID: 30092305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) is the recommended treatment for all acute prosthetic joint infections (PJI), but its efficacy in patients with late acute (LA) PJI is not well described. METHODS Patients diagnosed with LA PJI between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. LA PJI was defined as the development of acute symptoms (≤ 3 weeks) occurring ≥ 3 months after arthroplasty. Failure was defined as: (i) the need for implant removal, (ii) infection related death, (iii) the need for suppressive antibiotic therapy and/or (iv) relapse or reinfection during follow-up. RESULTS 340 patients from 27 centers were included. The overall failure rate was 45.0% (153/340). Failure was dominated by Staphylococcus aureus PJI (54.7%, 76/139). Significant independent preoperative risk factors for failure according to the multivariate analysis were: fracture as indication for the prosthesis (odds ratio (OR) 5.4), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 5.1), age above 80 years (OR 2.6), male gender (OR 2.0) and C-reactive protein > 150 mg/L (OR 2.0). Exchanging the mobile components during DAIR was the strongest predictor for treatment success (OR 0.35). CONCLUSION LA PJIs have a high failure rate. Treatment strategies should be individualized according to patients' age, comorbidity, clinical presentation and microorganism causing the infection.
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Escolà-Vergé L, Rodríguez-Pardo D, Lora-Tamayo J, Morata L, Murillo O, Vilchez H, Sorli L, Carrión LG, Barbero JM, Palomino-Nicás J, Bahamonde A, Jover-Sáenz A, Benito N, Escudero R, Sampedro MF, Vidal RP, Gómez L, Corona PS, Almirante B, Ariza J, Pigrau C. Candida periprosthetic joint infection: A rare and difficult-to-treat infection. J Infect 2018; 77:151-157. [PMID: 29746950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida periprosthetic joint infection (CPJI) is a rare, difficult-to-treat disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of CPJI treated with various surgical and antifungal strategies. METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of all CPJI diagnosed between 2003 and 2015 in 16 Spanish hospitals. RESULTS Forty-three patients included: median age, 75 years, and median Charlson Comorbidity Index score, 4. Thirty-four (79.1%) patients had ≥1 risk factor for Candida infection. Most common causative species were C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. Thirty-five patients were evaluable for outcome: overall, treatment succeeded in 17 (48.6%) and failed in 18 (51.4%). Success was 13/20 (67%) in patients with prosthesis removal and 4/15 (27%) with debridement and prosthesis retention (p = 0.041). All 3 patients who received an amphotericin B-impregnated cement spacer cured. In the prosthesis removal group, success was 5/6 (83%) with an antibiofilm regimen and 8/13 (62%) with azoles (p = 0.605). In the debridement and prosthesis retention group, success was 3/10 (30%) with azoles and 1/5 (20%) with antibiofilm agents. Therapeutic failure was due to relapse in 9 patients, need for suppressive treatment in 5, persistent infection in 2, and CPJI-related death in 2; overall attributable mortality was 6%. CONCLUSIONS CPJI is usually a chronic disease in patients with comorbidities and risk factors for Candida infection. Treatment success is low, and prosthesis removal improves outcome. Although there is insufficient evidence that use of antifungals with antibiofilm activity has additional benefits, our experience indicates it may be recommendable.
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Ramos-Martínez A, Muñoz Serrano A, de Alarcón González A, Muñoz P, Fernández-Cruz A, Valerio M, Fariñas MC, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Miró JM, Ruiz-Morales J, Sousa-Regueiro D, Montejo JM, Gálvez-Acebal J, HidalgoTenorio C, Domínguez F. Gentamicin may have no effect on mortality of staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:555-562. [PMID: 29628387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the influence of adding gentamicin to a regimen consisting of β-lactam or vancomycin plus rifampicin on survival in patients suffering from Staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis (SPVE). METHODS From January 2008 to September 2016, 334 patients with definite SPVE were attended in the participating hospitals. Ninety-four patients (28.1%) received treatment based on β-lactam or vancomycin plus rifampicin and were included in the study. Variables were analyzed which related to patient survival during admission, including having received treatment with gentamicin. RESULTS Seventy-seven (81.9%) were treated with cloxacillin (or vancomycin) plus rifampicin plus gentamicin, and 17 patients (18.1%) received the same regimen without gentamicin. The causative microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus in 40 cases (42.6%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci in 54 cases (57.4%). Overall, 40 patients (42.6%) died during hospital admission, 33 patients (42.9%) in the group receiving gentamicin and 7 patients in the group that did not (41.2%, P = 0.899). Worsening renal function was observed in 42 patients (54.5%) who received gentamicin and in 9 patients (52.9%) who did not (p = 0.904). Heart failure as a complication of endocarditis (OR: 4.58; CI 95%: 1.84-11.42) and not performing surgery when indicated (OR: 2.68; CI 95%: 1.03-6.94) increased mortality. Gentamicin administration remained unrelated to mortality (OR: 1.001; CI 95%: 0.29-3.38) in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS The addition of gentamicin to a regimen containing vancomycin or cloxacillin plus rifampicin in SPVE was not associated to better outcome.
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Zegri-Reiriz I, de Alarcón A, Muñoz P, Martínez Sellés M, González-Ramallo V, Miro JM, Falces C, Gonzalez Rico C, Kortajarena Urkola X, Lepe JA, Rodriguez Alvarez R, Reguera Iglesias JM, Navas E, Dominguez F, Garcia-Pavia P. Infective Endocarditis in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve or Mitral Valve Prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71:2731-2740. [PMID: 29903346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information concerning infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) or mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Currently, IE antibiotic prophylaxis (IEAP) is not recommended for these conditions. OBJECTIVES This study sought to describe the clinical and microbiological features of IE in patients with BAV and MVP and compare them with those of IE patients with and without IEAP indication, to determine the potential benefit of IEAP in these conditions. METHODS This analysis involved 3,208 consecutive IE patients prospectively included in the GAMES (Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis infecciosa en España) registry at 31 Spanish hospitals. Patients were classified as high-risk IE with IEAP indication (high-risk group; n = 1,226), low- and moderate-risk IE without IEAP indication (low/moderate-risk group; n = 1,839), and IE with BAV (n = 54) or MVP (n = 89). RESULTS BAV and MVP patients had a higher incidence of viridans group streptococci IE than did high-risk group and low/moderate-risk group patients (35.2% and 39.3% vs. 12.1% and 15.0%, respectively; all p < 0.01). A similar pattern was seen for IE from suspected odontologic origin (14.8% and 18.0% vs. 5.8% and 6.0%; all p < 0.01). BAV and MVP patients had more intracardiac complications than did low/moderate-risk group (50% and 47.2% vs. 30.6%, both p < 0.01) patients and were similar to high-risk group patients. CONCLUSIONS IE in patients with BAV and MVP have higher rates of viridans group streptococci IE and IE from suspected odontologic origin than in other IE patients, with a clinical profile similar to that of high-risk IE patients. Our findings suggest that BAV and MVP should be classified as high-risk IE conditions and the case for IEAP should be reconsidered.
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Pericàs JM, Moreno A, Almela M, García-de-la-Mària C, Marco F, Muñoz P, Peña C, de Alarcón A, Del Río A, Eworo A, Cruceta A, Paré JC, Mestres CA, Miró JM. Efficacy and safety of fosfomycin plus imipenem versus vancomycin for complicated bacteraemia and endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:673-676. [PMID: 29408610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Rivoisy C, Vena A, Schaeffer L, Charlier C, Fontanet A, Delahaye F, Bouza E, Lortholary O, Munoz P, Lefort A. Prosthetic Valve Candida spp. Endocarditis: New Insights Into Long-term Prognosis-The ESCAPE Study. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 66:825-832. [PMID: 29077791 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida spp. (PVE-C) is rare and devastating, with international guidelines based on expert recommendations supporting the combination of surgery and subsequent azole treatment. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed PVE-C cases collected in Spain and France between 2001 and 2015, with a focus on management and outcome. RESULTS Forty-six cases were followed up for a median of 9 months. Twenty-two patients (48%) had a history of endocarditis, 30 cases (65%) were nosocomial or healthcare related, and 9 (20%) patients were intravenous drug users. "Induction" therapy consisted mainly of liposomal amphotericin B (L-amB)-based (n = 21) or echinocandin-based therapy (n = 13). Overall, 19 patients (41%) were operated on. Patients <66 years old and without cardiac failure were more likely to undergo cardiac surgery (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 6.80 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-29.13] and 10.92 [1.15-104.06], respectively). Surgery was not associated with better survival rates at 6 months. Patients who received L-amB alone had a better 6-month survival rate than those who received an echinocandin alone (aOR, 13.52; 95% CI, 1.03-838.10). "Maintenance" fluconazole therapy, prescribed in 21 patients for a median duration of 13 months (range, 2-84 months), led to minor adverse effects. CONCLUSION L-amB induction treatment improves survival in patients with PVE-C. Medical treatment followed by long-term maintenance fluconazole may be the best treatment option for frail patients.
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Del Barrio-Tofiño E, López-Causapé C, Cabot G, Rivera A, Benito N, Segura C, Montero MM, Sorlí L, Tubau F, Gómez-Zorrilla S, Tormo N, Durá-Navarro R, Viedma E, Resino-Foz E, Fernández-Martínez M, González-Rico C, Alejo-Cancho I, Martínez JA, Labayru-Echverria C, Dueñas C, Ayestarán I, Zamorano L, Martinez-Martinez L, Horcajada JP, Oliver A. Erratum for del Barrio-Tofiño et al., "Genomics and Susceptibility Profiles of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Spain". Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:62/1/e02352-17. [PMID: 29269435 PMCID: PMC5740333 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02352-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Del Barrio-Tofiño E, López-Causapé C, Cabot G, Rivera A, Benito N, Segura C, Montero MM, Sorlí L, Tubau F, Gómez-Zorrilla S, Tormo N, Durá-Navarro R, Viedma E, Resino-Foz E, Fernández-Martínez M, González-Rico C, Alejo-Cancho I, Martínez JA, Labayru-Echverria C, Dueñas C, Ayestarán I, Zamorano L, Martinez-Martinez L, Horcajada JP, Oliver A. Genomics and Susceptibility Profiles of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01589-17. [PMID: 28874376 PMCID: PMC5655108 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01589-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and susceptibility profiles of a collection of 150 extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from a 2015 Spanish multicenter study, with a particular focus on resistome analysis in relation to ceftolozane-tazobactam susceptibility. Broth microdilution MICs revealed that nearly all (>95%) of the isolates were nonsusceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. Most of them were also resistant to tobramycin (77%), whereas nonsusceptibility rates were lower for ceftolozane-tazobactam (31%), amikacin (7%), and colistin (2%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-multilocus sequence typing (PFGE-MLST) analysis revealed that nearly all of the isolates belonged to previously described high-risk clones. Sequence type 175 (ST175) was detected in all 9 participating hospitals and accounted for 68% (n = 101) of the XDR isolates, distantly followed by ST244 (n = 16), ST253 (n = 12), ST235 (n = 8), and ST111 (n = 2), which were detected only in 1 to 2 hospitals. Through phenotypic and molecular methods, the presence of horizontally acquired carbapenemases was detected in 21% of the isolates, mostly VIM (17%) and GES enzymes (4%). At least two representative isolates from each clone and hospital (n = 44) were fully sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. Classical mutational mechanisms, such as those leading to the overexpression of the β-lactamase AmpC or efflux pumps, OprD inactivation, and/or quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) mutations, were confirmed in most isolates and correlated well with the resistance phenotypes in the absence of horizontally acquired determinants. Ceftolozane-tazobactam resistance was not detected in carbapenemase-negative isolates, in agreement with sequencing data showing the absence of ampC mutations. The unique set of mutations responsible for the XDR phenotype of ST175 clone documented 7 years earlier were found to be conserved, denoting the long-term persistence of this specific XDR lineage in Spanish hospitals. Finally, other potentially relevant mutations were evidenced, including those in penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3), which is involved in β-lactam (including ceftolozane-tazobactam) resistance, and FusA1, which is linked to aminoglycoside resistance.
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Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Benito N, Soriano A. The Effect of Preoperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis on Intraoperative Culture Results in Patients with a Suspected or Confirmed Prosthetic Joint Infection: a Systematic Review. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2765-2774. [PMID: 28659322 PMCID: PMC5648712 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00640-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtaining reliable cultures during revision arthroplasty is important to adequately diagnose and treat a prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The influence of antimicrobial prophylaxis on culture results remains unclear. Since withholding prophylaxis increases the risk for surgical site infections, clarification on this topic is critical. A systematic review was performed with the following research question: in patients who undergo revision surgery of a prosthetic joint, does preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis affect the culture yield of intraoperative samples in comparison with nonpreoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis? Seven articles were included in the final analysis. In most studies, standard diagnostic culture techniques were used. In patients with a PJI, pooled analysis showed a culture yield of 88% (145/165) in the prophylaxis group versus 95% (344/362) in the nonprophylaxis group (P = 0.004). Subanalysis of patients with chronic PJIs showed positive cultures in 88% (78/89) versus 91% (52/57), respectively (P = 0.59). In patients with a suspected chronic infection, a maximum difference of 4% in culture yield between the prophylaxis and nonprophylaxis groups was observed. With the use of standard culture techniques, antimicrobial prophylaxis seems to affect cultures in a minority of patients. Along with the known risk of surgical site infections due to inadequate timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis, we discourage the postponement of prophylaxis until tissue samples are obtained in revision surgery. Future studies are necessary to conclude whether the small percentage of false-negative cultures after prophylaxis can be further reduced with the use of more-sensitive culture techniques, like sonication.
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