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Kim CS, Bewley WW, Nguyen V, Kim M, Canedy CL, Meyer JR, Kendziora CA, McGill RA, Vurgaftman I. Detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with an interband cascade laser sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:17977-17987. [PMID: 38858965 DOI: 10.1364/oe.523299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate the sensitive detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP, a hydrogen-bond (HB) basic phosphonate ester) using additional optical loss induced in an interband cascade laser with top optical cladding layer replaced by an exposed sensing window coated by a HB acidic sorbent layer. Thin coatings of the sorbents HCSFA2 and oapBPAF were deposited on the sensing window to allow reversible capture and concentration of DMMP for optical interrogation. Analyte levels down to 0.1 mg/m3 (∼20 ppb) were tested and successfully detected by monitoring the laser's threshold or its output power at a fixed bias as a function of DMMP delivery concentration.
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Kim SM, Heo HR, Kim CS, Shin HH. Genetically engineered bacteriophages as novel nanomaterials: applications beyond antimicrobial agents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1319830. [PMID: 38725991 PMCID: PMC11079243 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1319830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are viruses that replicate in bacteria and archaea. Phages were initially discovered as antimicrobial agents, and they have been used as therapeutic agents for bacterial infection in a process known as "phage therapy." Recently, phages have been investigated as functional nanomaterials in a variety of areas, as they can function not only as therapeutic agents but also as biosensors and tissue regenerative materials. Phages are nontoxic to humans, and they possess self-assembled nanostructures and functional properties. Additionally, phages can be easily genetically modified to display specific peptides or to screen for functional peptides via phage display. Here, we demonstrated the application of phage nanomaterials in the context of tissue engineering, sensing, and probing.
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Lee AS, Kim SM, Kim KR, Park C, Lee DG, Heo HR, Cha HJ, Kim CS. A colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay based on oriented antibody immobilization for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2023; 379:133245. [PMID: 36589904 PMCID: PMC9791791 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.133245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The high human-to-human transmission and rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in a worldwide pandemic. To contain SARS-CoV-2, it is essential to efficiently control the transmission of the virus through the early diagnosis of infected individuals, including asymptomatic people. Therefore, a rapid and accurate assay is vital for the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected individuals. In this study, we developed a colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) in which a CBP31-BC linker was used to immobilize antibodies on a cellulose membrane in an oriented manner. The developed LFIA enabled sensitive detection of cultured SARS-CoV-2 in 15 min with a detection limit of 5 × 104 copies/mL. The clinical performance of the LFIA for detecting SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated using 19 clinical samples validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The LFIA detected all the positive and negative samples accurately, corresponding to 100% accuracy. Importantly, patient samples with low viral loads were accurately identified. Thus, the proposed method can provide a useful platform for rapid and accurate point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2 in infected individuals to efficiently control the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kim KR, Lee AS, Kim SM, Heo HR, Kim CS. Virus-like nanoparticles as a theranostic platform for cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1106767. [PMID: 36714624 PMCID: PMC9878189 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) are natural polymer-based nanomaterials that mimic viral structures through the hierarchical assembly of viral coat proteins, while lacking viral genomes. VLPs have received enormous attention in a wide range of nanotechnology-based medical diagnostics and therapies, including cancer therapy, imaging, and theranostics. VLPs are biocompatible and biodegradable and have a uniform structure and controllable assembly. They can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and can be genetically or chemically modified. These properties have led to sophisticated multifunctional theranostic platforms. This article reviews the current progress in developing and applying engineered VLPs for molecular imaging, drug delivery, and multifunctional theranostics in cancer research.
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Yun J, Jeong Y, Nam O, Yeo KB, Jo YK, Heo HR, Kim CS, Joo KI, Pack SP, Jin E, Cha HJ. Bone Graft Biomineral Complex Coderived from Marine Biocalcification and Biosilicification. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6046-6055. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Heo HR, Joo KI, Seo JH, Kim CS, Cha HJ. Glycan chip based on structure-switchable DNA linker for on-chip biosynthesis of cancer-associated complex glycans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1395. [PMID: 33654088 PMCID: PMC7925590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
On-chip glycan biosynthesis is an effective strategy for preparing useful complex glycan sources and for preparing glycan-involved applications simultaneously. However, current methods have some limitations when analyzing biosynthesized glycans and optimizing enzymatic reactions, which could result in undefined glycan structures on a surface, leading to unequal and unreliable results. In this work, a glycan chip is developed by introducing a pH-responsive i-motif DNA linker to control the immobilization and isolation of glycans on chip surfaces in a pH-dependent manner. On-chip enzymatic glycosylations are optimized for uniform biosynthesis of cancer-associated Globo H hexasaccharide and its related complex glycans through stepwise quantitative analyses of isolated products from the surface. Successful interaction analyses of the anti-Globo H antibody and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with on-chip biosynthesized Globo H-related glycans demonstrate the feasibility of the structure-switchable DNA linker-based glycan chip platform for on-chip complex glycan biosynthesis and glycan-involved applications.
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Kim KJ, Kim A, Kim CS, Song SW, Ruh H, Unger WES, Radnik J, Mata-Salazar J, Juarez-Garcia JM, Cortazar-Martinez O, Herrera-Gomez A, Hansen PE, Madesen JS, Senna CA, Archanjo BS, Damasceno JC, Achete CA, Wang H, Wang M, Windover D, Steel E, Kurokawa A, Fujimoto T, Azuma Y, Terauchi S, Zhang L, Jordaan WA, Spencer SJ, Shard AG, Koenders L, Krumrey M, Busch I, Jeynes C. Thickness measurement of nm HfO 2 films. METROLOGIA 2021; 58:10.1088/0026-1394/58/1A/08016. [PMID: 38883307 PMCID: PMC11177853 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/58/1a/08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Main text
A pilot study for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films was performed by the Surface Analysis Working Group (SAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). The aim of this pilot study was to ensure the equivalency in the measurement capability of national metrology institutes for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films. In this pilot study, the thicknesses of six HfO2 films with nominal thickness from 1 nm to 4 nm were measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Reflectometry(XRR), X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF), Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (TEM), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The reference thicknesses were determined by mutual calibration of a zero-offset method (Medium Energy Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (MEIS) of KRISS) and a method traceable to the length unit (the average thicknesses of three XRR data except the thinnest film). These reference thicknesses are traceable to the length unit because they are based on the traceability of XRR. For the thickness measurement by XPS, the effective attenuation length of Hf 4f electrons was determined. In the cases of XRR and TEM, the offset values were determined from a linear fitting between the reference thicknesses and the individual data by XRR and TEM. The amount of substance of HfO2, expressed as thickness of HfO2 films (in both linear and areal density units), was found to be a good subject for a CCQM key comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM.
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Yang JM, Kim GE, Kim KR, Kim CS. Expression and purification of the full-length N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and galactosyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni in Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 135:109489. [PMID: 32146932 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The successful enzymatic synthesis of various ganglioside-related oligosaccharides requires many available glycan-processing enzymes. However, the number of available glycan-processing enzymes remains limited. In this study, the full-length CgtA43456 (β-(1→4)-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase) and CgtB11168 (β-(1→3)-galactosyltransferase) were successfully produced from Escherichia coli through the optimization of E. coli-preferable codon usage, selection of E. coli strain, and use of the molecular chaperone GroEL-GroES (GroEL/ES). The CgtA43456 enzyme was produced as a soluble form in E. coli C41(DE3) co-expressed with codon-optimized CgtA43456 and GroEL/ES. However, soluble CgtB11168 was well expressed in E. coli C41(DE3) with only the codon-optimized CgtB11168. Rather, when co-expressed with GroEL/ES, total production of CgtB11168 was reduced. Using immobilized-metal affinity chromatography, the CgtA43456 and CgtB11168 proteins were obtained with approximately 75-78 % purity. The purified CgtA43456 showed a specific activity of 21 mU/mg using UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and GM3 trisaccharide as donor and acceptor, respectively. The purified CgtB11168 catalyzed the transfer of galactose from UDP-Gal to GM2 tetrasaccharide with a specific activity of 16 mU/mg. We propose that they could be used as catalysts for enzymatic synthesis of GM1 ganglioside-related oligosaccharides.
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Asafu-Adjaye EB, Wong SK, Arnason J, Betz J, Breakell K, Chen JX, Fitzloff J, Fong HHS, Kim CS, Kwan SY, Leung HW, Li GQ, Lin RC, Luo GA, Nicolidakis H, Park H, Suen E, Wang XR, Wang ZT, Wen KC, Yeung HW. Determination of Ginsenosides (Ginseng Saponins) in Dry Root Powder from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Selected Commercial Products by Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.6.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Twelve collaborating laboratories assayed 4 products, namely, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and 2 ginseng products, for 6 ginsenosides: Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, andRg1. Collaborators also received a negative control for the recovery study. Pure ginsenosides were provided as reference standards for the liquid chromatography (LC) analysis and the system suitability tests. The LC analyses were performed on the methanol extract using UV detection at 203 nm. For P. ginseng, individual ginsenosides were consistent in their means; repeatability standard deviations (RSDr)rangedfrom4.17to5.09% and reproducibility standard deviations (RSDR) ranged from 7.27 to 11.3%. For P. quinquefolius, the Rb1 and Rb2 ginsenosides were higher and lower in concentration than P. ginseng, with RSDr values of 3.44 and 6.60% and RSDR values of 5.91 and 12.6% respectively, and other analytes at intermediate precisions. For ginseng commercial products, RSDr values ranged from 3.39 to 8.12%, andRSDR values ranged from 7.65 to 16.5%. A recovery study was also conducted for 3 ginsenosides: Rg1, Re, andRb1. The average recoveries were 99.9, 96.2, and 92.3%, respectively. The method is not applicable for the determination of Rg1 and Re in ginseng product at levels <300 mg/kg.
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Kang DG, Kim CS, Cha HJ. Coexpression of CMP-sialic acid transporter reduces N-glycolylneuraminic acid levels of recombinant glycoproteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2815-2822. [PMID: 31317538 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant glycoproteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells contain two forms of sialic acids; N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as a major type and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) as a minor type. The Neu5Gc glycan moieties in therapeutic glycoproteins can elicit immune responses because they do not exist in human. In the present work, to reduce Neu5Gc levels of recombinant glycoproteins from CHO cell cultures, we coexpressed cytidine-5'-monophosphate-sialic acid transporter (CMP-SAT) that is an antiporter and transports cytosolic CMP-sialic acids (both forms) into Golgi lumen. When human erythropoietin was used as a target human glycoprotein, coexpression of CMP-SAT resulted in a significant decrease of Neu5Gc level by 41.4% and a notable increase of Neu5Ac level by 21.2%. This result could be reasonably explained by our hypothesis that the turnover rate of Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc catalyzed by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase would be reduced through facilitated transportation of Neu5Ac into Golgi apparatus by coexpression of CMP-SAT. We confirmed the effects of CMP-SAT coexpression on the decrease of Neu5Gc level and the increase of Neu5Ac level using another glycoprotein human DNase I. Therefore, CMP-SAT coexpression might be an effective strategy to reduce the levels of undesired Neu5Gc in recombinant therapeutic glycoproteins from CHO cell cultures.
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Dwamena AK, Phillips RS, Kim CS. Impact of Expanded Small Alkyl-Binding Pocket by Triple Point Mutations on Substrate Specificity of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 29:373-381. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1812.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Bae EH, Lim SY, Han KD, Jung JH, Choi HS, Kim CS, Ma SK, Kim SW. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a risk factor for cancer: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Lupus 2019; 28:317-323. [PMID: 30712493 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319826672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific differences in cancer risk have been observed between systemic lupus erythematosus patients and the general population. Although meta-analyses have estimated cancer incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, results have been inconclusive. Hence, we aimed to assess malignancy risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, compared to the risk in the general population. METHODS Systemic lupus erythematosus patients ( n = 21,016; mean age 41.67 ± 13.14 years; female 90.22%) were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2008 and 2014. Age- and sex-matched controls were randomly sampled in a 5:1 ratio ( n = 105,080). RESULTS During the 7 years of follow up, malignancy was detected in 763 (3.63%) systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 2667 (2.54%) controls. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients had a higher risk of malignancy than controls (odds ratio 1.44; 95% confidence interval 1.327-1.559), after multivariate adjustment. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients had a higher odds ratio for developing cervical, thyroid, ovarian, and oral cancer, as well as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma than controls. Based on subgroup analysis, male systemic lupus erythematosus patients and patients younger than 40 years showed the highest lymphoma risk. CONCLUSIONS Systemic lupus erythematosus might be an independent risk factor for cancer. Therefore, the importance of cancer screening programs should be emphasized in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Our study is the first large nationwide cohort study for evaluating the risk of cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
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Kim JT, Shim JK, Kim SH, Ryu HG, Yoon SZ, Jeon YS, Bahk JH, Kim CS. Remifentanil vs. Lignocaine for Attenuating the Haemodynamic Response during Rapid Sequence Induction Using Propofol: Double-Blind Randomised Clinical Trial. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 35:20-3. [PMID: 17323661 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0703500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether lignocaine or remifentanil effectively attenuate the response to endotracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction. Forty-eight patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group NS (n=16) received normal saline 0.1 ml/kg, Group L (n=16) received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg, and Group R (n=16) received remifentanil 1 /μg/kg. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg after glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg IV. Each study drug was given intravenously over 30 seconds after loss of consciousness. Cricoid pressure was applied until intubation. Succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation. After intubation, the patient's lungs were ventilated with sevoflurane 1% and nitrous oxide 50% in oxygen. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, at loss of consciousness, immediately before laryngoscopy and every minute after intubation for 10 minutes. Mean arterial pressure fell following propofol in all groups. The maximum increase in mean arterial pressure in Group NS and Group L were 46% and 38% respectively above the baseline value one minute after intubation, whereas the mean arterial pressure in Group R increased only back to the baseline value. Heart rate in Group NS and Group L were increased by 27% and 33% above baseline value respectively one minute after intubation, while that in Group R was increased only to the baseline value. The results indicate that remifentanil 1 μg/kg, but not lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg, effectively attenuates the haemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction using propofol.
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Kim CS, Heo HR, Seo JH, Cha HJ. On-chip biosynthesis of GM1 pentasaccharide-related complex glycans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:71-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for on-chip enzymatic glycosylation of complex glycans and direct analysis of glycan-related interactions is reported.
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Kim CS, Hannouf MB, Sarma S, Rodrigues GB, Rogan PK, Mahmud SM, Winquist E, Brackstone M, Zaric GS. Survival outcome differences based on treatments used and knowledge of the primary tumour site for patients with cancer of unknown and known primary in Ontario. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:307-316. [PMID: 30464680 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with cancer of unknown primary (cup) have pathologically confirmed metastatic tumours with unidentifiable primary tumours. Currently, very little is known about the relationship between the treatment of patients with cup and their survival outcomes. Thus, we compared oncologic treatment and survival outcomes for patients in Ontario with cup against those for a cohort of patients with metastatic cancer of known primary site. Methods Using the Ontario Cancer Registry and the Same-Day Surgery and Discharge Abstract databases maintained by the Canadian Institute for Health Information, we identified all Ontario patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2005. Ontario Health Insurance Plan treatment records were linked to identify codes for surgery, chemotherapy, or therapeutic radiation related to oncology. Multivariable Cox regression models were constructed, adjusting for histology, age, sex, and comorbidities. Results In 45,347 patients (96.3%), the primary tumour site was identifiable, and in 1743 patients (3.7%), cup was diagnosed. Among the main tumour sites, cup ranked as the 6th largest. The mean Charlson score was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in patients with cup (1.88) than in those with a known primary (1.42). Overall median survival was 1.9 months for patients with cup compared with 11.9 months for all patients with a known-primary cancer. Receipt of treatment was more likely for patients with a known primary site (n= 35,012, 77.2%) than for those with cup (n = 891, 51.1%). Among patients with a known primary site, median survival was significantly higher for treated than for untreated patients (19.0 months vs. 2.2 months, p < 0.0001). Among patients with cup, median survival was also higher for treated than for untreated patients (3.6 months vs. 1.1 months, p < 0.0001). Conclusions In Ontario, patients with cup experience significantly lower survival than do patients with metastatic cancer of a known primary site. Treatment is associated with significantly increased survival both for patients with cup and for those with metastatic cancer of a known primary site.
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Lim SY, Bae EH, Han KD, Jung JH, Choi HS, Kim HY, Kim CS, Ma SK, Kim SW. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Lupus 2018; 27:2050-2056. [PMID: 30282562 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318804883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and clinical significance of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. METHODS We included systemic lupus erythematosus patients ( n = 18,575) without previous cardiovascular disease and age- and sex-matched individuals without systemic lupus erythematosus (controls; n = 92,875) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2008-2014). Both cohorts were followed up for incident cardiovascular disease and death until 2015. RESULTS During follow up, myocardial infarction occurred in 203 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 325 controls (incidence rate: 1.76 and 0.56 per 1000 person-years, respectively), stroke occurred in 289 patients and 403 controls (incidence rate: 2.51 and 0.70 per 1000 person-years, respectively), heart failure occurred in 358 patients and 354 controls (incidence rate 3.11 and 0.61 per 1000 person-years, respectively), and death occurred in 744 patients and 948 controls (incidence rate 6.54 and 1.64 per 1000 person-years, respectively). Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had higher risks for myocardial infarction (hazard ratio: 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.28-3.37), stroke (hazard ratio: 3.31, 95% confidence interval: 2.84-3.86), heart failure (hazard ratio: 4.60, 95% confidence interval: 3.96-5.35), and cardiac death (hazard ratio: 3.98, 95% confidence interval: 3.61-4.39). CONCLUSIONS Here, systemic lupus erythematosus was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, thus cardiac assessment and management are critical in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
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Cho MS, Kim J, Park JK, Kim TH, Lee JM, Park JB, Park HW, Kang KW, Shim JM, Uhm JS, Kim JB, Kim CS, Lee YS, Choi EK, Joung BY. P5796Prevalence and correlates of left atrial enlargement based on left atrial volume index in korean patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: data from comparison study of drugs for symptom control. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Song YH, Park JC, Kim CS, Hwang DS, Cha HJ, Seo JH. Sucrose-calcium Complexation for the Durable Biomass Pellet. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, exerts a synergistic cytotoxicity with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 in thyroid carcinoma cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:677-689. [PMID: 29147952 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was investigated. METHODS SW1736, TPC-1, 8505C and BCPAP human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. To assess cell survival, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and dead cells, cytotoxic activity, ATP levels and FACS analysis were measured. To validate the impact of gemigliptin combined with PXD101, the interactions were estimated by obtaining combination index in cells treated with two agents. RESULTS In cells treated with gemigliptin or PXD101, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and ATP levels were reduced, and the percentage of dead cells and cytotoxic activity were elevated. In cells treated with both gemigliptin and PXD101, compared with PXD101 alone, cell death was augmented, and all of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between gemigliptin and PXD101. The percentage of apoptotic cells, and the protein levels of Bcl2 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were elevated, and the protein levels of xIAP and survivin were reduced. The protein levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-AMPK were elevated, and cell migration was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that gemigliptin induces cytotoxicity in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, gemigliptin has a synergistic activity with PXD101 in the induction of cell death through involvement of Bcl2 family proteins, xIAP and survivin as well as mediation of Akt and AMPK in thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Jackson EM, Nolde JA, Kim M, Kim CS, Cleveland ER, Affouda CA, Canedy CL, Vurgaftman I, Meyer JR, Aifer EH, Lorentzen J. Two-dimensional plasmonic grating for increased quantum efficiency in midwave infrared nBn detectors with thin absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13850-13864. [PMID: 29877431 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a strategy for increasing the operating temperatures of nBn midwave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays, based on the use of two-dimensional plasmonic gratings to enhance the quantum efficiency (QE) of structures with very thin absorbers. Reducing the absorber volume correspondingly reduces the dark current in a diffusion-limited photodiode, while light trapping mediated by the plasmonic grating increases the net absorbance to maintain high QE. The plasmonically enhanced nBn MWIR sensors with absorber thicknesses of only 0.5 μm exhibit peak internal QEs as high as 57%, which enables a 5-fold reduction in dark current. Numerical simulations indicate the potential for further improvement.
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Kim CS, Brager DH, Johnston D. Perisomatic changes in h-channels regulate depressive behaviors following chronic unpredictable stress. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:892-903. [PMID: 28416809 PMCID: PMC5647208 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress can be a precipitating factor in the onset of depression. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown of HCN1 protein expression and reduction of functional Ih produce antidepressant behavior. However, whether h-channels are altered in an animal model of depression is not known. We found that perisomatic HCN1 protein expression and Ih-sensitive physiological measurements were significantly increased in dorsal but not in ventral CA1 region/neurons following chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), a widely accepted model for major depressive disorder. Cell-attached patch clamp recordings confirmed that perisomatic Ih was increased in dorsal CA1 neurons following CUS. Furthermore, when dorsal CA1 Ih was reduced by shRNA-HCN1, the CUS-induced behavioral deficits were prevented. Finally, rats infused in the dorsal CA1 region with thapsigargin, an irreversible inhibitor of the SERCA pump, exhibited anxiogenic-like behaviors and increased Ih, similar to that observed following CUS. Our results suggest that CUS, but not acute stress, leads to an increase in perisomatic Ih in dorsal CA1 neurons and that HCN channels represent a potential target for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
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Lee SH, Oh JS, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Lee MK, Kwon EH, Kim CS, Choi IH, Yeo IY, Yoon JY, Im JM. Evaluation of abundance of artificial radionuclides in food products in South Korea and sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 184-185:46-52. [PMID: 29334620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food samples are collected nationwide from January 2016 to February 2017 and their contents of artificial radionuclides are measured to address the growing concerns regarding the radioactive contamination of food products in Korea. Specifically, 900 food samples are collected for this study and their contents of representative artificial radionuclides 134Cs, 137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 90Sr are analyzed. The analysis shows that the activity concentrations of 137Cs in fish range from minimum detectable activity (MDA) to 340 mBq/kg of fresh weight. The concentration factor (CF) determined for 137Cs as a measure of its bioavailability is calculated to be ca. 74 and found to be very similar to that (100) recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. With an MDA of <0.221 mBq/kg, the results reveal that 239,240Pu values in fish are below the MDA. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr are lower than the MDA in both shellfish and seaweed, while the activity concentrations of 239,240Pu in shellfish range from 0.26 to 2.18 mBq/kg, and for seaweed samples range from 2.07 to 3.38 mBq/kg. The atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu in shellfish caught at the Korean coast vary from 0.209 to 0.237, with a mean of 0.227. The higher 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio determined in shellfish is thought to be caused by the plutonium transported from the Pacific Proving Grounds rather than other sources such as the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in mushrooms are found to vary from 1.0 to 21.4 Bq/kg, with the highest concentrations observed in the Oak (shiitake) and Sarcodon asparatus. 134Cs is detected in three mushroom specimens collected from Jeju Island and about 3-3.6% of 137Cs present in the wild mushrooms native to the Jeju Island are introduced as a result of the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. The annual effective doses of 137Cs received through consumption of mushrooms and fish are 2.0 × 10-4 mSv yr-1 and 3.9 × 10-5 mSv yr-1, and those values are negligible compared to the annual effective doses limit of 1 mSv yr-1.
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Jo YK, Choi BH, Kim CS, Cha HJ. Diatom-Inspired Silica Nanostructure Coatings with Controllable Microroughness Using an Engineered Mussel Protein Glue to Accelerate Bone Growth on Titanium-Based Implants. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1704906. [PMID: 29068546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been utilized to construct bioactive nanostructures comprising surface topographic features and bioactivity that enhances the activity of bone cells onto titanium-based implants. However, there have been no previous attempts to create microrough surfaces based on SiNP nanostructures even though microroughness is established as a characteristic that provides beneficial effects in improving the biomechanical interlocking of titanium implants. Herein, a protein-based SiNP coating is proposed as an osteopromotive surface functionalization approach to create microroughness on titanium implant surfaces. A bioengineered recombinant mussel adhesive protein fused with a silica-precipitating R5 peptide (R5-MAP) enables direct control of the microroughness of the surface through the multilayer assembly of SiNP nanostructures under mild conditions. The assembled SiNP nanostructure significantly enhances the in vitro osteogenic cellular behaviors of preosteoblasts in a roughness-dependent manner and promotes the in vivo bone tissue formation on a titanium implant within a calvarial defect site. Thus, the R5-MAP-based SiNP nanostructure assembly could be practically applied to accelerate bone-tissue growth to improve the stability and prolong the lifetime of medical implantable devices.
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Nealon CM, Kim CS, Dwamena AK, Phillips RS. Mutagenesis of Met-151 and Thr-153 to alanine in Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase changes substrate specificity for acetophenones. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 105:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim DW, Kim CS, Kim HJ, Lee YM, Kim HJ, Kwon KB. The Effect of Germanium Treatment on Rain Shelter House Cultivation of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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