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Cheng YC, Chan PT, Lee TT. Exploring the Effectiveness of the Introduction of Automated Physiological Monitoring Devices. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 284:534-536. [PMID: 34920588 DOI: 10.3233/shti210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Zhang Y, Quraishi IH, McClure H, Williams LA, Cheng Y, Kale S, Dempsey GT, Agrawal S, Gerber DJ, McManus OB, Kaczmarek LK. Suppression of Kv3.3 channels by antisense oligonucleotides reverses biochemical effects and motor impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22053. [PMID: 34820911 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101356r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in KCNC3, the gene that encodes the Kv3.3 voltage dependent potassium channel, cause Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 13 (SCA13), a disease associated with disrupted motor behaviors, progressive cerebellar degeneration, and abnormal auditory processing. The Kv3.3 channel directly binds Hax-1, a cell survival protein. A disease-causing mutation, Kv3.3-G592R, causes overstimulation of Tank Binding Kinase 1 (Tbk1) in the cerebellum, resulting in the degradation of Hax-1 by promoting its trafficking into multivesicular bodies and then to lysosomes. We have now tested the effects of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) directed against the Kv3.3 channel on both wild type mice and those bearing the Kv3.3-G592R-encoding mutation. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the Kcnc3-specific ASO suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of the Kv3.3 channel. In wild-type animals, this produced no change in levels of activated Tbk1, Hax-1 or Cd63, a tetraspanin marker for late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. In contrast, in mice homozygous for the Kv3.3-G592R-encoding mutation, the same ASO reduced Tbk1 activation and levels of Cd63, while restoring the expression of Hax-1 in the cerebellum. The motor behavior of the mice was tested using a rotarod assay. Surprisingly, the active ASO had no effects on the motor behavior of wild type mice but restored the behavior of the mutant mice to those of age-matched wild type animals. Our findings indicate that, in mature intact animals, suppression of Kv3.3 expression can reverse the deleterious effects of a SCA13 mutation while having little effect on wild type animals. Thus, targeting Kv3.3 expression may prove a viable therapeutic approach for SCA13.
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Cheng YC, Snavely A, Barrett LB, Zhang X, Herman C, Frost DJ, Riva P, Tochitsky I, Kawaguchi R, Singh B, Ivanis J, Huebner EA, Arvanites A, Oza V, Davidow L, Maeda R, Sakuma M, Grantham A, Wang Q, Chang AN, Pfaff K, Costigan M, Coppola G, Rubin LL, Schwer B, Alt FW, Woolf CJ. Topoisomerase I inhibition and peripheral nerve injury induce DNA breaks and ATF3-associated axon regeneration in sensory neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109666. [PMID: 34496254 PMCID: PMC8462619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although axonal damage induces rapid changes in gene expression in primary sensory neurons, it remains unclear how this process is initiated. The transcription factor ATF3, one of the earliest genes responding to nerve injury, regulates expression of downstream genes that enable axon regeneration. By exploiting ATF3 reporter systems, we identify topoisomerase inhibitors as ATF3 inducers, including camptothecin. Camptothecin increases ATF3 expression and promotes neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons in vitro and enhances axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve crush in vivo. Given the action of topoisomerases in producing DNA breaks, we determine that they do occur immediately after nerve damage at the ATF3 gene locus in injured sensory neurons and are further increased after camptothecin exposure. Formation of DNA breaks in injured sensory neurons and enhancement of it pharmacologically may contribute to the initiation of those transcriptional changes required for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Renthal W, Tochitsky I, Yang L, Cheng YC, Li E, Kawaguchi R, Geschwind DH, Woolf CJ. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Distinct Peripheral Sensory Neuron Subtypes after Axonal Injury. Neuron 2020; 108:128-144.e9. [PMID: 32810432 PMCID: PMC7590250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary somatosensory neurons are specialized to transmit specific types of sensory information through differences in cell size, myelination, and the expression of distinct receptors and ion channels, which together define their transcriptional and functional identity. By profiling sensory ganglia at single-cell resolution, we find that all somatosensory neuronal subtypes undergo a similar transcriptional response to peripheral nerve injury that both promotes axonal regeneration and suppresses cell identity. This transcriptional reprogramming, which is not observed in non-neuronal cells, resolves over a similar time course as target reinnervation and is associated with the restoration of original cell identity. Injury-induced transcriptional reprogramming requires ATF3, a transcription factor that is induced rapidly after injury and necessary for axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Our findings suggest that transcription factors induced early after peripheral nerve injury confer the cellular plasticity required for sensory neurons to transform into a regenerative state.
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Weinstock NI, Shin D, Dhimal N, Hong X, Irons EE, Silvestri NJ, Reed CB, Nguyen D, Sampson O, Cheng YC, Lau JTY, Bongarzone ER, Kofler J, Escolar ML, Gelb MH, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. Macrophages Expressing GALC Improve Peripheral Krabbe Disease by a Mechanism Independent of Cross-Correction. Neuron 2020; 107:65-81.e9. [PMID: 32375064 PMCID: PMC7924901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many therapies for lysosomal storage disorders rely on cross-correction of lysosomal enzymes. In globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), mutations in GALC cause psychosine accumulation, inducing demyelination, a neuroinflammatory "globoid" reaction and neurodegeneration. The efficiency of GALC cross-correction in vivo, the role of the GALC substrate galactosylceramide, and the origin of psychosine are poorly understood. Using a novel GLD model, we show that cross-correction does not occur efficiently in vivo and that Galc-deficient Schwann cells autonomously produce psychosine. Furthermore, macrophages require GALC to degrade myelin, as Galc-deficient macrophages are transformed into globoid cells by exposure to galactosylceramide and produce a more severe GLD phenotype. Finally, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients reduces globoid cells in nerves, suggesting that the phagocytic response of healthy macrophages, rather than cross-correction, contributes to the therapeutic effect. Thus, GLD may be caused by at least two mechanisms: psychosine-induced demyelination and secondary neuroinflammation from galactosylceramide storage in macrophages.
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Bloomer S, Cheng YC, Yakout HM, Kim SW. 367 Combinational use of sodium butyrate and phytogenics on intestinal health of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenics (PH), or a combination were studied on intestinal health of nursery pigs. Phytogenics were blends of dry herbs and essential oil components. Forty-eight weaned pigs (21-d-old; 6.9 ± 0.6 kg BW) were individually housed, blocked by initial BW and sex, allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) in a RCBD, and fed for 33-d (P1: 0–7; P2: 7–19; and P3: 19–33). Treatments were arranged by 2 factors: SB (P1: 0.2% and P2: 0.1%) and PH (P3: 0.033%). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements and pigs were fed ad libitum. For each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured. Fecal scores were assessed during d 3–19 and d 26–33. Blood samples were drawn in P2 and P3 to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Four pigs at P2 and 8 pigs in P3 from each treatment were euthanized to collect jejunal tissue, jejunal mucosa, and ileal digesta to measure gut histology, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Fixed effects were treatments and random effects were blocks. In P2 and P1-2, SB decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI whereas no effect on ADG and G:F. In P2, SB tended to decrease (P = 0.063) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) whereas increased (P < 0.05) enterocyte proliferation in P3. In P3 and overall, PH increased (P < 0.05) G:F. No changes were found in TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, IgG, and protein carbonyl. Conclusively, SB and a combinational use of SB and PH showed minimal effects on growth performance and gut health when added to the diets of nursery pigs. However, PH supplementation increased feed efficiency of nursery pigs during 19–33 d post-weaning.
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Jang K, Cheng YC, Kim SW. 126 Evaluation of true ileal amino acid digestibility of fermented soybean meal fed to nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) has smaller peptides and reduced anti-nutritional factors compared with those in conventional SBM. Apparent and true ileal digestibilities (AID and TID) of AA in FSBM were measured using both a direct method and a substitution method. Forty eight (24 barrows and 24 gilts) pigs at 7 kg BW were allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial body weight as blocks. Treatments includes NFD (semi-purified N free diet to measure endogenous AA loss), NFSB (NFD with 20% FSBM; Genebiotech Co., Ltd. and Nutraferma, Inc), CBD (corn basal diet), and CBSB (CBD at 80% and FSBM at 20%). NFD and NFSB were used to directly measure AID and TID AA of FSBM, whereas NFD, CBD, and CBSB were used to indirectly calculate AID and TID AA of FSBM using a substitution method. Experimental diets included TiO2 (0.4%). Pigs were fed experimental diets for 10 days. Feed allowance was based on 0.09 x BW0.75 kg per day. All pigs were euthanized at the end of the experiments to collect ileal digesta. Diets and ileal digesta were used to quantify TiO2 and AA. Data were analyzed using Mixed Procedure of SAS 9.4. Dietary treatment was the main effect and blocks were random effects. Endogenous AA loss was 2.48 g. When measured by a direct method, AID and TID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were 72.1 and 89.8%, 74.9 and 92.1%, 61.0 and 88.5%, and 72.2 and 92.2%, respectively. When measured by a substitution method, AID and TID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were 64.7 and 84.4%, 60.5 and 77.9%, 36.2 and 57.0%, and 58.2 and 81.0%, respectively. Overall, a direct method showed higher AID and TID AA in FSBM than those measured by a substitution method.
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Lisi V, Singh B, Giroux M, Guzman E, Painter MW, Cheng YC, Huebner E, Coppola G, Costigan M, Woolf CJ, Kosik KS. Enhanced Neuronal Regeneration in the CAST/Ei Mouse Strain Is Linked to Expression of Differentiation Markers after Injury. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1136-1147. [PMID: 28768198 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration after injury requires a broad program of transcriptional changes. We investigated the basis for the enhanced nerve regenerative capacity of the CAST/Ei mouse strain relative to C57BL/6 mice. RNA sequencing of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) showed a CAST/Ei-specific upregulation of Ascl1 after injury. Ascl1 overexpression in DRG neurons of C57BL/6 mice enhanced their neurite outgrowth. Ascl1 is regulated by miR-7048-3p, which is downregulated in CAST/Ei mice. Inhibition of miR-7048-3p enhances neurite outgrowth. Following injury, CAST/Ei neurons largely retained their mature neuronal profile as determined by single-cell RNA- seq, whereas the C57BL/6 neurons acquired an immature profile. These findings suggest that one facet of the enhanced regenerative phenotype is preservation of neuronal identity in response to injury.
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Cheng YC, Walsh K, Williams L, Wallace WA, Harrison DJ, Oniscu A. ALK immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of ALK translocated lung adenocarcinomas: lessons from an audit of lung cancer molecular testing. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48:20-24. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2018.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Cheng YC, Pan YP, Zhang Y, Pan YT, Ding CY, Cao Y, Zhuo L, Fang RF, Gao AY, Guo J, Li AJ, Fu Q, Ma J, Zhan SY. [Investigation of the cognition and behavior on drug safety in Beijing middle school students]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2017; 49:1038-1043. [PMID: 29263478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the cognition and behavior of drug safety in Beijing middle school students and provide advice for relevant education. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using paper questionnaires was carried out on the student body of nine Beijing middle schools. Multi-stage proportionate stratified cluster sampling was adopted to enroll participants. In addition to demographic questions, the questionnaire included 17 questions assessing the cognition and behavior of safe drug use, prioritizing questions that aligned with the health education guideline for primary and secondary school students from Chinese Ministry of Education. Descriptive statistical methods were applied using the SAS 9.2 software. RESULTS Of the 4 220 students investigated, 2 097(49.7%) were males and 2 123(50.3%) were females. The average age was (14.3±1.7) years. 2 030(48.1%) students were from downtown areas, 1 511(35.8%) were from urban-rural linking areas and 679(16.1%) were from rural areas. Half (51.5%) of the respondents were junior high school students, and the others were from senior high schools (34.2%) and vocational high schools (14.3%). Most of the students (89.6%) lived off campus. The awareness rate of drug safety knowledge was 74.4%, the median score of drug safety behavior was 4 points (full score was 5 points) and there was a statistically positive correlation between the two (Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.156, P<0.001). Both the awareness rates and the drug safety behavior scores were statistically different among the students in different regions, different school types and different residence types (P<0.001). Multiple factors analysis demonstrated the correlation between the cognition degrees of both drug safety knowledge, behavior and the above factors. Of all the students, 80.4% agreed that any drug could have adverse drug reactions; 40.5% were aware that antibiotics couldn't kill viruses; as many as 49.6% mistook aspirin as antibiotic; 97.4% would read drug instructions before taking them; Only 42.4% put expired drugs into special recycling bins; 49.8% would deviate from the suggested dosage and frequency of their medication when they were sick with common diseases. CONCLUSION Overall, the cognition of drug safety in Beijing middle school students is good, but problems still exist in medication adherence, the management of expired drugs and the antibiotics cognition, which need to be fixed through specific, pointed way of education. And more efforts should be made to improve the cognition in rural regions, vocational high schools and on campus students.
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Cheng YC, Smith E, Yen T. Abstract P5-16-09: Overall survival of patients with non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy: Cohort analysis of National cancer data base (NCDB) 2010 - 2011. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-16-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: One of the benefits of neoadjuvant approach to the treatment of breast cancer is early microscopic disease control, which should translate to improved survival. However, clinical trials have not yet shown a survival benefit for neoadjuvant approach in even high risk patients, such as triple negative cases. Few studies have been performed outside of clinical trials.
Purpose: The objective of our study was to compare the overall survival of Stage I-III triple negative breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy within the NCDB, a prospectively collected, large, nationwide, hospital-based cancer outcomes database which contains information for more than 1,500 Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs in the U.S.
Patient and Method: We identified a cohort of women, aged > 18 year-old at diagnosis, with clinical stage I-III triple negative breast cancer diagnosed in 2010-2011, who received either neoadjuvant chemotherapy only or adjuvant chemotherapy only. Patients with incomplete or missing vital status, receptors status and treatment information were excluded. Demographic (age at diagnosis, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, insurance, median income, urbanicity), tumor (clinical stage, histology, grade) and treatment (breast surgery, surgical margin, radiation) factors were examined. Stabilized inverse proportion weights were developed and assigned to balance the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups on all demographic, tumor and treatment covariates. Unadjusted and adjusted overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
Results: Among the 15,483 women with triple negative breast cancer, 4,335 (28%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 11,148 (72%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Most of the demographic, tumor and treatment factors were similarly distributed among neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups except age at diagnosis and clinical stage. Compared to patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to be younger (45% vs. 31% < 50 year-old, p<0.0001) and have a higher clinical stage (35% vs. 6% stage III, p<0.0001). The unadjusted 4-year overall survival of patients received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant approach was 75.8% (95% CI 74.4%-77.4%) and 87.5% (95% CI 87.1%-87.9%), respectively. After adjusting for demographic, tumor and treatment factors, the 4-year overall survival of patients received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant approach was 81.9% (95% CI 79.5%-84.3%) and 85.3% (95% CI 85.2%-85.4%), respectively.
Conclusion: In this NCDB study, the overall survival of triple negative breast cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was inferior to those received adjuvant chemotherapy, even after adjusting for demographic, tumor and treatment factors. However, information regarding the chemotherapy regimen used and whether a full course of chemotherapy was delivered (2 factors that affect disease response and outcome) was not available. Patient and tumor factors at the time of disease presentation that are important in determining which triple negative patients will benefit from neoadjuvant approach remain to be defined.
Citation Format: Cheng YC, Smith E, Yen T. Overall survival of patients with non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy: Cohort analysis of National cancer data base (NCDB) 2010 - 2011 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-16-09.
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Xu LL, Zhang LD, Liang YJ, Tang W, Huang XQ, Pei YX, Cheng YC, Huang HM, Zhang C. [Clinical observation on human alpha glucosidase in treatment of five patients with glycogen storage disease Ⅱ]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 54:829-833. [PMID: 27806790 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on glycogen storage disease typeⅡ(GSDⅡ). Method: The clinical data of three juvenile onset and two infant onset GSDⅡpatients were collected from First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in October 2015 to July 2016.Patient 1 was female, the age of onset was 15 months. Patient 2 was male, the age of onset was 20 months. Patient 3 was female, the sister of patient 2, the age of onset was 47 months. Patient 4 was male, the age of onset was 5 months. Patient 5 was male, the age of onset was 1 month.The age at the start of ERT of the 5 patients was 32, 31, 56, 34, and 3 months respectively and the duration of ERT was 19, 9, 4, 5, 5 doses respectively.ERT was administered at 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks.Dexamethasone was regularly given before each infusion. Result: ERT was well tolerated, only one time, Patient 1 developed tachycardia and hypertension without using dexamethasone.Patient 2 underwent successfully ventilator weaning.Patient 1 underwent a tracheotomy, also needed mechanical ventilation treatment.Patient 4 noninvasive ventilation was tried. Conclusion: Recombinant human alpha-glucosidase treatment was effective and well tolerated in patients with GSDⅡ.
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Ma ED, Leung CH, Chiu P, Cheng YC. Structure-based discovery and development of natural products as Type II JAK2 inhibitors for the treatment of hepatitis C. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:32-36. [PMID: 27390008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
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Bluher A, Devan WJ, Holliday EG, Nalls M, Parolo S, Bione S, Giese AK, Boncoraglio GB, Maguire JM, Müller-Nurasyid M, Gieger C, Meschia JF, Rosand J, Rolfs A, Kittner SJ, Mitchell BD, O'Connell JR, Cheng YC. Heritability of young- and old-onset ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2015; 22:1488-91. [PMID: 26333310 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the genetic contribution to stroke risk is well known, it remains unclear if young-onset stroke has a stronger genetic contribution than old-onset stroke. This study aims to compare the heritability of ischaemic stroke risk between young and old, using common genetic variants from whole-genome array data in population-based samples. METHODS This analysis included 4050 ischaemic stroke cases and 5765 controls from six study populations of European ancestry; 47% of cases were young-onset stroke (age < 55 years). To quantify the heritability for stroke risk in these unrelated individuals, the pairwise genetic relatedness was estimated between individuals based on their whole-genome array data using a mixed linear model. Heritability was estimated separately for young-onset stroke and old-onset stroke (age ≥ 55 years). RESULTS Heritabilities for young-onset stroke and old-onset stroke were estimated at 42% (±8%, P < 0.001) and 34% (±10%, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the genetic contribution to the risk of stroke may be higher in young-onset ischaemic stroke, although the difference was not statistically significant.
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Chen TA, Liao CC, Cheng YC, Chen YP, Hsu YF, Liang CM, Liang SM. Stimulation of Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Macrophages by Type B CpG-ODNs Is F-Spondin and IL-1Ra Dependent. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128926. [PMID: 26042735 PMCID: PMC4456401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage proliferation and migration are important for many facets of immune response. Here we showed that stimulation of macrophages with type B CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-B ODNs) such as CpG-ODN 1668 increased the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in a TLR9- and MyD88-dependent manner. The CpG-B ODNs-induced IL-1Ra increased macrophage migration and promoted macrophage proliferation by down-regulating the expression of a cell cycle negative regulator, p27 to increase cell population in the S phase. The induction of IL-1Ra by CpG-B ODNs was F-spondin dependent. Knockdown of F-spondin and IL-1Ra decreased CpG-B ODNs-induced macrophage migration whereas overexpression of IL-1Ra increased migration of those cells. These findings demonstrated novel roles for F-spondin and IL-1Ra in CpG-B ODNs-mediated cell proliferation and migration of macrophages.
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Cheng YC, Zeng H, Trull J, Cojocaru C, Malinauskas M, Jukna T, Wiersma DS, Staliunas K. Beam focalization in reflection from flat dielectric subwavelength gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6086-6089. [PMID: 25361162 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the recently predicted effect of near-field focusing for light beams from flat dielectric subwavelength gratings (SWGs). This SWGs were designed for visible light 532 nm and fabricated by direct laser writing in a negative photoresist, with the refractive index n=1.5 and the period d=314 nm. The laterally invariant gratings can focus light beams without any optical axis to achieve the transversal invariance. We show that focal distances can be obtained up to 13 μm at normal reflection for TE polarization.
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Painter MW, Brosius Lutz A, Cheng YC, Latremoliere A, Duong K, Miller CM, Posada S, Cobos EJ, Zhang AX, Wagers AJ, Havton LA, Barres B, Omura T, Woolf CJ. Diminished Schwann cell repair responses underlie age-associated impaired axonal regeneration. Neuron 2014; 83:331-343. [PMID: 25033179 PMCID: PMC4106408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system declines with age. Why this occurs, however, is unknown. We demonstrate that 24-month-old mice exhibit an impairment of functional recovery after nerve injury compared to 2-month-old animals. We find no difference in the intrinsic growth capacity between aged and young sensory neurons in vitro or in their ability to activate growth-associated transcriptional programs after injury. Instead, using age-mismatched nerve transplants in vivo, we show that the extent of functional recovery depends on the age of the nerve graft, and not the age of the host. Molecular interrogation of the sciatic nerve reveals that aged Schwann cells (SCs) fail to rapidly activate a transcriptional repair program after injury. Functionally, aged SCs exhibit impaired dedifferentiation, myelin clearance, and macrophage recruitment. These results suggest that the age-associated decline in axonal regeneration results from diminished Schwann cell plasticity, leading to slower myelin clearance.
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Cheng YC, Chen TA, Chen CY, Liang CM, Liang SM. 3'poly-G-tailed ODNs inhibit F-spondin to induce cell death and neurite retraction in rat embryonic neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:536-49. [PMID: 22592270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects and mechanism of action of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG motif (CpG-ODNs) on neuron cells are largely unexamined. Here, we found that CpG-A ODNs but not other types of CpG-ODNs induced neurite retraction and cell apoptosis of rat embryonic neurons in a TLR9-independent manner. These effects of CpG-A ODNs were primarily due to the poly-guanosine at the 3' terminus (3'G-ODNs). Pull-down analysis showed that 3'G-ODNs associated with transcription factor Y-BOX1 (YB-1) to facilitate the translocation of YB-1 into the nucleus via the nuclear localizing sequence of YB-1. YB-1 then interacted with the promoter of F-spondin directly at -45 and -1,375 sites as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Binding of YB-1 to F-spondin promoter resulted in downregulation of F-spondin expression. Overexpression of F-spondin rescued the cell death and neurite retraction induced by 3'G-ODNs in embryonic neuron cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that 3'G-ODNs enhance nucleus YB-1 to inhibit F-spondin leading to cell death and neurite retraction of embryonic neuron cells.
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Chang YC, Cheng YC, Wang TF, Liang SM. Studies on the biological function of virus-like particles of foot and mouth disease (160.13). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.160.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a severe and highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is the most economically devastating livestock disease in the world. The development of a cheap and noninfectious virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine has now attracted worldwide interest. In this study, we used SUMO fusion technology to produce a VLP of FMD virus (FMDV). The purified FMD-VLPs morphologically resembled FMD virions and were able to interact with host receptors in a manner similar to FMDV. Immunization of guinea pig or swine with FMD-VLPs resulted in the production of anti-FMDV neutralizing antibodies. RT-PCR analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the FMD-VLPs-immunized swine revealed that FMD-VLPs enhanced the transcription of Th1-like cytokines (IFN- and IL-2) and Th2-like cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Further investigation of the immune mechanisms revealed that FMD-VLPs induced maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) via toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T proliferation. These results suggest that FMD-VLPs could be used as an effective vaccine candidate against FMDV.
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Zhu ZY, Cheng YC, Schwingenschlögl U. The origin of the pseudogap in α-Ga. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:475502. [PMID: 22075974 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/47/475502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory, the free-electron empty lattice approximation and the nearly free-electron approximation are employed to investigate the electronic properties of partially covalent α-Ga. Whereas free-electron-like properties are revealed over a large energy range, a deep pseudogap at the Fermi level is characteristic of α-Ga. We explain the origin of the pseudogap in terms of a delicate interplay between the electronic states and the specific Brillouin zone geometry.
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Chen TA, Wang JL, Hung SW, Chu CL, Cheng YC, Liang SM. Recombinant VP1, an Akt inhibitor, suppresses progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing apoptosis and modulation of CCL2 production. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23317. [PMID: 21826248 PMCID: PMC3149645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The application of viral elements in tumor therapy is one facet of cancer research. Recombinant capsid protein VP1 (rVP1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus has previously been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Here, we aim to further investigate its apoptotic mechanism and possible anti-metastatic effect in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common human cancers worldwide. Methodology/Principal Findings Treatment with rVP1 inhibited cell proliferation in two murine HCC cell lines, BNL and Hepa1-6, with IC50 values in the range of 0.1–0.2 µM. rVP1 also induced apoptosis in these cells, which was mediated by Akt deactivation and dissociation of Ku70-Bax, and resulted in conformational changes and mitochondrial translocation of Bax, leading to the activation of caspases-9, -3 and -7. Treatment with 0.025 µM rVP1, which did not affect the viability of normal hepatocytes, suppressed cell migration and invasion via attenuating CCL2 production. The production of CCL2 was modulated by Akt-dependent NF-κB activation that was decreased after rVP1 treatment. The in vivo antitumor effects of rVP1 were assessed in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse models of HCC in immune-competent BALB/c mice. Intratumoral delivery of rVP1 inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth as a result of increased apoptosis. Intravenous administration of rVP1 in an orthotopic HCC model suppressed tumor growth, inhibited intra-hepatic metastasis, and prolonged survival. Furthermore, a decrease in the serum level of CCL2 was observed in rVP1-treated mice. Conclusions/Significance The data presented herein suggest that, via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, rVP1 suppresses the growth, migration, and invasion of murine HCC cells by inducing apoptosis and attenuating CCL2 production both in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant protein VP1 thus has the potential to be developed as a new therapeutic agent for HCC.
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Huang CC, Chang SJ, Kuo CH, Ko CH, Wann CH, Cheng YC, Lin WJ. GaN epitaxial layers prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:1248-1251. [PMID: 21456167 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of GaN epitaxial layer on Si(001) substrate with nano-patterns prepared by dry etching facility used in integrated circuit (IC) industry. It was found that the GaN epitaxial layer prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate exhibits both cubic and hexagonal phases. It was also found that threading dislocation observed from GaN prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate was significantly smaller than that prepared on conventional unpatterned Si(111) substrate. Furthermore, it was found that we can reduce the tensile stress in GaN epitaxial layer by about 78% using the nano-patterned Si(001) substrate.
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Cheng YC, Valero V, Davis ML, Green MC, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Theriault RL, Murray JL, Hortobagyi GN, Ueno NT. Addition of GM-CSF to trastuzumab stabilises disease in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1331-4. [PMID: 20877352 PMCID: PMC2990606 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the proposed mechanisms of trastuzumab-induced regression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumours includes facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mediates ADCC. We presented our pilot study of adding GM-CSF to trastuzumab in patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer that progressed after trastuzumab +/− chemotherapy were continued on trastuzumab 2 mg kg–1 intravenous weekly and GM-CSF 250 μg m–2 subcutaneous daily. Patients were assessed for response every 8 weeks. Treatment was continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Results: Seventeen patients were evaluable (median age 48 years, range 27–75 years). The median number of metastatic sites was 2 (range 1–3); the most common site was the liver (n=10). The median number of prior regimens for metastatic disease was 2 (range 1–5). No objective disease response was observed, but five patients (29%) had stable disease for a median duration of 15.8 (range 10–53.9) weeks. The most common adverse event was rash at the injection site. No grade 4 or irreversible adverse event was seen. Conclusion: The addition of GM-CSF to trastuzumab alone had a modest clinical benefit and acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer.
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Hsiao CH, Chang SJ, Wang SB, Chang SP, Cheng YC, Li TC, Lin WJ, Huang BR. Quaternary ZnCdSeTe nanowires. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:798-802. [PMID: 20352720 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of needle-like high density quaternary ZnCdSeTe nanowires on oxidized Si(100) substrate using vapor-liquid-solid mechanism by molecular beam epitaxy with an Au-based nanocatalyst. It was found that average length and average diameter of the nanowires were 1.3 microm and 91 nm, respectively. It was also found that the as-grown ZnCdSeTe nanowires exhibit mixture of cubic zinc-blende and hexagonal wurtzite structures. Energy depersive results indicate that composition ratio of our nanowire should be Zn0.87Cd0.13Se0.98Te0.02, which agrees excellently with the designated composition ratio of Zn0.87Cd0.13Se0.98Te0.02.
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Cheng YC, Liang CM, Chen YP, Tsai IH, Kuo CC, Liang SM. F-spondin plays a critical role in murine neuroblastoma survival by maintaining IL-6 expression. J Neurochem 2009; 110:947-55. [PMID: 19549008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
F-spondin is associated with the regulation of axonal growth and the development of the nervous system. Its mechanism of action, however, is not clearly understood. In this study, we found that murine neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells expressed a significant level of IL-6, but only trace amounts of IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide. Knock-down of F-spondin mRNA in murine neuroblastoma NB41A3 and Neuro-2a cells using small interfering RNAs led to decreased IL-6 levels along with lower resistance to serum starvation and cytotoxic amyloid beta(1-42) (Abeta(1-42)) peptide. Restoring decline of F-spondin or IL-6 induced by F-spondin knock-down through adding exogenous F-spondin, IL-6 or over-expressing F-spondin reversed the cell death induced by Abeta(1-42) peptide or serum starvation. The decrease of IL-6 level was positively correlated with decrease of NF-kappaB and inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Over-expressing MEKK, a kinase activator of the p38 MAPK pathway, increased IL-6 production, restored the decrease of p38 induced by F-spondin knock-down, and rescued the cells from death caused by Abeta(1-42) peptide. Taken together, these results suggest that F-spondin may play a critical role in murine neuroblastoma survival under adverse conditions by maintaining IL-6 level via a MEKK/p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.
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