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Benotmane MA, Trott KR. Epidemiological and experimental evidence for radiation-induced health effects in the progeny after exposure in utero. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:1264-1275. [PMID: 38079348 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2283088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been known for many decades that radiation exposure of the developing embryo or fetus may cause two fundamentally different types of severe health effects: on the one hand, radiation may interfere with the normal intrauterine development, on the other hand, radiation may induce leukemia and cancer which become manifest in childhood. A large amount of epidemiological and experimental data has recently been presented which might be used to improve our understanding of underlying mechanisms and setting radiation protection standards. Yet, ecological studies in the populations exposed to increased levels of radiation in regions contaminated by radioactivity released from reactor accidents (Chernobyl, Fukushima) do not provide solid evidence which would contribute to this aim. On the other hand, well designed experimental studies demonstrated the multifactorial mechanisms which lead to different health effects after radiation exposure in utero. CONCLUSION There is no convincing evidence, neither from epidemiological nor experimental data of the existence of a dose threshold for developmental defects after radiation exposure in utero. This must be taken into account in the revision of rules and regulations of radiation protection in medicine.
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Belyi DO, Ilyenko I, Nastina O, Sydorenko G, Gabulavichene Z, Kursina N, Bazyka O, Bilaya V, Kovaliov O, Bazyka D. RELATIVE TELOMERE LENGTH OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES AND STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE MYOCARDIUM IN CLEAN-UP WORKERS OF THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT WHO SUFFERED FROM STENOTIC CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2021; 26:319-338. [PMID: 34965558 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-319-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective was to analyze the relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood lymphocytes depending onmyocardium structural and functional state in emergency workers (EW) of the Chornobyl accident who suffered fromcoronary arteries stenotic atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were examined 60 male EW who operated at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant at1986 and 25 male non-irradiated persons (control group - CG) with coronary heart disease (CHD). Everyone EW andCG patients were almost healthy before the accident. During the period 2016-2021, they underwent a comprehen-sive clinical and laboratory examination, echodopplercardiographic examination and determination of RTL by fluo-rescent hybridization in situ using laser flow cytometry. RESULTS EW almost did not differ from CG according to its clinical characteristics, the presence of risk factors,indices of systolic and diastolic heart functions, as well as RTL. The analysis of variance showed that RTL was influ-enced by the fact of irradiation in combination with obesity (p = 0.020). At normal body weight, RTL average valuein CG was significantly higher than in EW (p = 0.023). According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis of twovariables as RTL and end-diastolic volume normalized by body surface area (EDV/BSA), EW and CG patients togeth-er were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup (1st cluster) differed from the second (2nd cluster) by signi-ficantly larger average values of left ventricle (LV) EDV and end-systolic volume (ESV) as well as EDV/BSA andESV/BSA, LV myocardial mass (MM) and MM/BSA, reduced ejection fraction (EF). In patients of the 1st cluster telom-eres were significantly shorter than in the 2nd one (10,3 ± 1.7 vs. 14.3 ± 2.0 at p = 0.000). The increase of myocar-dial mass and LV wall thickness caused the development of its hypertrophy. The number of people with hypertrophyLV was significantly higher among patients of the 1st cluster (91.6 vs. 67.2 %, p < 0.001) due to eccentric hypertro-phy LV. Accordingly, concentric hypertrophy LV was more common among patients in the 2nd cluster (24.6 vs. 4.2 %at p < 0.01). Patients of the 1st cluster was characterized by a more severe course of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS In patients who suffered from CHD with stenotic atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and wereexposed to radiation 30-35 years earlier, having normal body weight, there was a reduction in telomere. Hierarchicalcluster analysis proved to be a good tool that allows by the value of RTL and EDV/BSA to separate the group ofpatients with the most severe clinical course of CHD and LV systolic dysfunction among patients with the samepathology.
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Golubtsov AS, Korostelev NB, Levin BA. Monsters with a shortened vertebral column: A population phenomenon in radiating fish Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239639. [PMID: 33471803 PMCID: PMC7817016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of a massive vertebral deformity was recorded in the radiating Labeobarbus assemblage from the middle reaches of the Genale River (south-eastern Ethiopia, East Africa). Within this sympatric assemblage, five trophic morphs—generalized, lipped, piscivorous and two scraping feeders—were reported between 1993 and 2019. In 2009, a new morph with prevalence of ~10% was discovered. The new morph, termed ‘short’, had an abnormally shortened vertebral column and a significantly deeper body. This type of deformity is common in farmed Atlantic salmon and other artificially reared fish, but is rare in nature. In the Genale Labeobarbus assemblage, the deformity was present exclusively within the generalized and lipped morphs. The short morph had between seven and 36 deformed (compressed and/or fused) vertebrae. Their body depth was positively correlated with number of deformed vertebrae. In another collection in 2019, the short morph was still present at a frequency of 11%. Various environmental and genetic factors could contribute to the development of this deformity in the Genale Labeobarbus, but based on the available data, it is impossible to confidently identify the key factor(s). Whether the result of genetics, the environment, or both, this deep-bodied phenotype is assumed to be an anti-predator adaptation, as there is evidence of its selective advantage in the generalized morph. The Genale monstrosity is the first reported case of a massive deformity of the vertebral column in a natural population of African fishes.
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Al-Jebari Y, Glimelius I, Berglund Nord C, Cohn-Cedermark G, Ståhl O, Tandstad T, Jensen A, Sagstuen Haugnes H, Daugaard G, Rylander L, Giwercman A. Cancer therapy and risk of congenital malformations in children fathered by men treated for testicular germ-cell cancer: A nationwide register study. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002816. [PMID: 31163029 PMCID: PMC6548355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the potential mutagenic effects of chemo- and radiotherapy, there is concern regarding increased risk of congenital malformations (CMs) among children of fathers with cancer. Previous register studies indicate increased CM risk among children conceived after paternal cancer but lack data on oncological treatment. Increased CM risk was recently reported in children born before paternal cancer. This study aims to investigate whether anti-neoplastic treatment for testicular germ-cell cancer (TGCC) implies additional CM risk. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this nationwide register study, all singletons born in Sweden 1994-2014 (n = 2,027,997) were included. Paternal TGCC diagnoses (n = 2,380), anti-neoplastic treatment, and offspring CMs were gathered from the Swedish Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA) and the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Children were grouped based on +/- paternal TGCC; treatment regimen: surveillance (n = 1,340), chemotherapy (n = 2,533), or radiotherapy (n = 360); and according to time of conception: pre- (n = 2,770) or post-treatment (n = 1,437). Odds ratios (ORs) for CMs were calculated using logistic regression with adjustment for parental ages, maternal body mass index (BMI), and maternal smoking. Children conceived before a specific treatment acted as reference for children conceived after the same treatment. Among children fathered by men with TGCC (n = 4,207), 184 had a CM. The risk of malformations was higher among children of fathers with TGCC compared with children fathered by men without TGCC (OR 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.38, p = 0.001, 4.4% versus 3.5%). However, no additional risk increase was associated with oncological treatment when comparing post-treatment-to pretreatment-conceived children (chemotherapy, OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.54-1.25, p = 0.37, 4.1% versus 4.6%; radiotherapy, OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.25-4.12, p = 0.98, 3.2% versus 3.0%). Study limitations include lack of data on use of cryopreserved or donor sperm and on seminoma patients for the period 1995-2000-both tending to decrease the difference between the groups with TGCC and without TGCC. Furthermore, the power of analyses on chemotherapy intensity and radiotherapy was limited. CONCLUSIONS No additional increased risk of CMs was observed in children of men with TGCC treated with radio- or chemotherapy. However, paternal TGCC per se was associated with modestly increased risk for offspring malformations. Clinically, this information can reassure concerned patients.
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Suzuki S, Midorikawa S, Matsuzuka T, Fukushima T, Ito Y, Shimura H, Takahashi H, Ohira T, Ohtsuru A, Abe M, Suzuki S, Yamashita S. Prevalence and Characterization of Thyroid Hemiagenesis in Japan: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. Thyroid 2017; 27:1011-1016. [PMID: 28657504 PMCID: PMC5564018 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital variant characterized by the lack of development of one thyroid lobe with no clinical manifestations. METHODS This study was performed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of thyroid hemiagenesis in a normal Japanese population. This cross-sectional study was performed from October 9, 2011, to April 30, 2015. In total, 299,908 children and young adults in the Fukushima Health Management Survey were examined to determine the presence of thyroid agenesis or hemiagenesis. Thyroid width, thickness, and length were measured in 292,452 of these subjects. RESULTS Thyroid agenesis was diagnosed in 13 subjects, and hemiagenesis was detected in 67 subjects (0.02%; 22.3/100,000 individuals). Although there was no significant sex-related difference (p = 0.067), the female:male ratio was 1.67:1.00. Females were significantly dominant in right hemiagenesis, while there was no difference in left hemiagenesis between males and females. The thyroid volumes at the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for age and body surface area were determined for each sex. Multivariate regression analysis showed that a large hemithyroid volume was independently associated with the presence of contralateral hemiagenesis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis in the present study is in agreement with that reported in other countries. The prevalence of right hemiagenesis was higher in females, and the larger contralateral lobe in patients with rather than without hemiagenesis may have been caused by a compensatory feedback mechanism to prevent hypothyroidism. In addition, the prevalence of hemiagenesis, especially right hemiagenesis, may be affected by sex-related factors similar to those in patients with an ectopic thyroid gland.
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Lim H, Beasley CW, Whitehead LW, Emery RJ, Agopian A, Langlois PH, Waller DK. Maternal exposure to radiographic exams and major structural birth defects. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2016; 106:563-72. [PMID: 27001904 PMCID: PMC5937123 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of radiologic exams are performed in the United States, but very few studies have examined the effects of maternal exposure to radiologic exams during the periconceptional period and birth defects. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between maternal exposure to radiologic exams during the periconceptional period and 19 categories of birth defects using a large population-based study of birth defects. METHODS We studied 27,809 case mothers and 10,200 control mothers who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and delivered between 1997 and 2009. Maternal exposure to radiologic exams that delivered ionizing radiation to the urinary tract, lumbar spine, abdomen, or pelvis were identified based on the mother's report of type of radiologic exams, organ or body part scanned and the month during which the exam occurred RESULTS Overall, 0.9% of mothers reported exposure to one of these types of radiographic exams during the periconceptional period. We observed significant associations between maternal exposure during the first trimester and isolated Dandy-Walker malformation (odds ratio = 7.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-33) and isolated d-transposition of the great arteries (odds ratio = 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-10.3). However, the result for isolated Dandy-Walker malformation was based on only two exposed cases. CONCLUSION These results should be interpreted cautiously because multiple statistical tests were conducted and measurements of exposure were based on maternal report. However, our results may be useful for generating hypotheses for future studies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:563-572, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Padmanabhan VT, Sugunan AP, Brahmaputhran CK, Nandini K, Pavithran K. Heritable Anomalies among the Inhabitants of Regions of Normal and High Background Radiation in Kerala: Results of a Cohort Study, 1988–1994. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2016; 34:483-515. [PMID: 15346682 DOI: 10.2190/3xye-qjpu-01bf-8yke] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a genetic epidemiological and fertility survey among 70,000 inhabitants in a high-background radiation region (HBRR) and normal radiation region (NRR) in Kerala, India, 985 persons were found to have heritable anomalies. Suggested etiologies for the anomalies were chromosomal and Mendelian, 15 percent; multifactorial, 60 percent; and congenital, 25 percent. There was a statistically significant increase of Down syndrome, autosomal dominant anomalies, and multifactorial diseases and an insignificant increase of autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive anomalies in the HBRR. The total fertility rate was 3.85 per couple; 9 percent of live-born children were reported dead. The rate of untoward pregnancy outcome—death of the offspring or presence of an anomaly in a living child—was 6.4 percent among the unrelated couples in the NRR, with one spouse born outside the area of current residence (“migrant”). Considering this as the base, the excess relative risks in the other groups are: “NRR-nonmigrant,” 35 percent; “HBRR-nonmigrant,” 69 percent; “NRR-consanguineous,” 76 percent; and “NBRR-consanguineous,” 157 percent. Ionizing radiation, consanguinity, and nearness of birthplace of the spouse are risk factors for the death of offspring and for anomalies. The higher risk among the “nonmigrant” couples may be due to geographic inbreeding. The findings are suggestive of an autosomal recessive etiology for the majority of the multifactorial anomalies.
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Koya PKM, Jaikrishan G, Sudheer KR, Andrews VJ, Madhusoodhanan M, Jagadeesan CK, Das B. Letter to the Editor "Radiation and environmental biophysics" Authors' response to comments by Scherb et al. (REBS-D-15-00121) on "Sex ratio at birth: scenario from normal- and high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala coast in Southwest India" REBS 54:453-463 (2015). RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:5-7. [PMID: 26743357 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Scherb H, Grech V, Kusmierz R, Voigt K. Letter to the Editor "Radiation and Environmental Biophysics": Comment on "Sex ratio at birth: scenario from normal- and high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala coast in south-west India" by Koya PK, Jaikrishan G, Sudheer KR, Andrews VJ, Madhusoodhanan M, Jagadeesan CK, Das B. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2015 Sep 5 [Epub ahead of print]. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:3-4. [PMID: 26712039 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Koya PKM, Jaikrishan G, Sudheer KR, Andrews VJ, Madhusoodhanan M, Jagadeesan CK, Das B. Sex ratio at birth: scenario from normal- and high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala coast in south-west India. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2015; 54:453-463. [PMID: 26343038 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Newborns were monitored for congenital malformations in four government hospitals located in high-level (ambient dose >1.5 mGy/year) and normal-level (≤ 1.5 mGy/year) natural radiation areas of Kerala, India, from August 1995 to December 2012. Sex ratio at birth (SRB) among live singleton newborns and among previous children, if any, of their mothers without history of any abortion, stillbirth or twins is reported here. In the absence of environmental stress or selective abortion of females, global average of SRB is about 1050 males to 1000 females. A total of 151,478 singleton, 1031 twins, 12 triplets and 1 quadruplet deliveries were monitored during the study period. Sex ratio among live singleton newborns was 1046 males (95 % CI 1036-1057) for 1000 females (77,153 males:73,730 females) and was comparable to the global average. It was similar in high-level and normal-level radiation areas of Kerala with SRB of 1050 and 1041, respectively. It was consistently more than 1000 and had no association with background radiation levels, maternal and paternal age at birth, parental age difference, gravida status, ethnicity, consanguinity or year of birth. Analysis of SRB of the children of 139,556 women whose reproductive histories were available suggested that couples having male child were likely to opt for more children and this, together with enhanced rate of males at all birth order, was skewing the overall SRB in favour of male children. Though preference for male child was apparent, extreme steps of sex-selective abortion or infanticide were not prevalent.
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Lim H, Agopian A, Whitehead LW, Beasley CW, Langlois PH, Emery RJ, Waller DK. Maternal occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and major structural birth defects. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2015; 103:243-54. [PMID: 25820072 PMCID: PMC5937122 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic, but little is known about the association between maternal occupational exposure to IR and birth defects. METHODS We studied 38,009 mothers who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and delivered between 1997 and 2009. We assessed odds ratios [ORs] for the association between maternal occupations with potential exposure to IR and 39 birth defects. RESULTS We observed significant odds ratios (ORs) for isolated hydrocephaly (adjusted OR [AOR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.2), isolated anotia/microtia (AOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.0), isolated colonic atresia (crude OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 2.5-22.3), isolated omphalocele (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) and isolated anencephaly (crude OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.94). We also observed a nonsignificant OR for birth defects in aggregate (AOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-4.6) among mothers with potential occupational exposure to fluoroscopy. CONCLUSION We assessed 39 birth defects, observing that maternal occupations with potential exposure to IR were associated with a significantly increased risk for 4 birth defects and a significantly protected risk for 1 birth defect. These results should be interpreted cautiously because our measurement of exposure is qualitative, some of these associations may be due to occupational exposures that are correlated with IR and some may be due to chance. However, these findings serve as the first evaluation of these relationships in a large study and may be useful for generating hypotheses for future studies.
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Wertelecki W, Yevtushok L, Zymak-Zakutnia N, Wang B, Sosyniuk Z, Lapchenko S, Hobart HH. Blastopathies and microcephaly in a Chornobyl impacted region of Ukraine. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2014; 54:125-49. [PMID: 24666273 PMCID: PMC4233949 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This population-based descriptive epidemiology study demonstrates that rates of conjoined twins, teratomas, neural tube defects, microcephaly, and microphthalmia in the Rivne province of Ukraine are among the highest in Europe. The province is 200 km distant from the Chornobyl site and its northern half, a region known as Polissia, is significantly polluted by ionizing radiation. The rates of neural tube defects, microcephaly and microphthalmia in Polissia are statistically significantly higher than in the rest of the province. A survey of at-birth head size showed that values were statistically smaller in males and females born in one Polissia county than among neonates born in the capital city. These observations provide clues for confirmatory and cause-effect prospective investigations. The strength of this study stems from a reliance on international standards prevalent in Europe and a decade-long population-based surveillance of congenital malformations in two distinct large populations. The limitations of this study, as those of other descriptive epidemiology investigations, is that identified cause-effect associations require further assessment by specific prospective investigations designed to address specific teratogenic factors.
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Tatsukawa Y, Cologne JB, Hsu WL, Yamada M, Ohishi W, Hida A, Furukawa K, Takahashi N, Nakamura N, Suyama A, Ozasa K, Akahoshi M, Fujiwara S, Shore R. Radiation risk of individual multifactorial diseases in offspring of the atomic-bomb survivors: a clinical health study. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2013; 33:281-293. [PMID: 23482396 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/33/2/281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is no convincing evidence regarding radiation-induced heritable risks of adult-onset multifactorial diseases in humans, although it is important from the standpoint of protection and management of populations exposed to radiation. The objective of the present study was to examine whether parental exposure to atomic-bomb (A-bomb) radiation led to an increased risk of common polygenic, multifactorial diseases-hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or stroke-in the first-generation (F1) offspring of A-bomb survivors. A total of 11,951 F1 offspring of survivors in Hiroshima or Nagasaki, conceived after the bombing, underwent health examinations to assess disease prevalence. We found no evidence that paternal or maternal A-bomb radiation dose, or the sum of their doses, was associated with an increased risk of any multifactorial diseases in either male or female offspring. None of the 18 radiation dose-response slopes, adjusted for other risk factors for the diseases, was statistically significantly elevated. However, the study population is still in mid-life (mean age 48.6 years), and will express much of its multifactorial disease incidence in the future, so ongoing longitudinal follow-up will provide increasingly informative risk estimates regarding hereditary genetic effects for incidence of adult-onset multifactorial disease.
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Stepanova YI, Skvarskaya EA, Usatenko JV, Leonovich ES, Abramova TY. Congenital malformations of the urinary system in children born to exposed parents according to Congenital and Hereditary Diseases Department data. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2013:270-276. [PMID: 25191731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the frequency and structure of the urinary system malformations in children born to parents exposed to radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 1,139 children with various congenital malformations of the urinary system, which were examined and treated in the Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases from 2000 to 2011. The standard clinical, laboratory, instrumental and radiographic methods were applied to verify the diagnosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1. The proportion of children with congenital malformations of the urinary system among all examined in the Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases in the 12 years was 68.24%. 2. The congenital malformations accounted for 31.16%, small anomalies for 68.31%, and their combinations for 4.57% among all malformations of the urinary system. 3. Such complications as a secondary pyelonephritis occurred in 4.39% of cases and developed mainly in children with obstructive uropathy.
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Akleev AV. [Principal inferences from studies of radiobiological effects for radiation protection purposes]. RADIATSIONNAIA BIOLOGIIA, RADIOECOLOGIIA 2011; 51:501-511. [PMID: 22279763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The most recent Recommendations (Publication 103) issued by the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP) are based on the data that have been published since 1990 up to now. The basic task of the ICRP Committee 1 was to formulate the key implications of studies on radiobiological effects for the purposes of radiological protection. Presented in the paper are the new achievements in the field of biology, radiobiology and radiation epidemiology which were taken into account by the ICRP in the process of Publication 103 preparation. The Recommendations provide present-day values of weighting factors for radiation exposure and tissue weighting factors, as well as radiation detriment and radiogenic risk factors for cancer and genetic diseases. Also considered are tissue reactions to radiation exposure, consequences of in utero exposure and the risks of developing non-cancer diseases for exposed individuals. It should be noted that the key inferences and recommendations are to a considerable degree related to biological effects accounted for by acute and chronic exposure to ionizing radiation in the range of small doses (up to 100 mSv).
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Burlakova EB, Naĭdich VI. [In memory of the 25th anniversary since the Chernobyl accident]. RADIATSIONNAIA BIOLOGIIA, RADIOECOLOGIIA 2011; 51:389-398. [PMID: 22003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Kondrashova VH, Vdovenko VI, Sheĭko LP, Kondrashova NS, Kalens'ka VA. [Autonomic homeostasis of children born to parents irradiated in the result of the Chernobyl catastrophe with isolated abnormal chords of the left ventricle]. LIKARS'KA SPRAVA 2010:39-43. [PMID: 20608026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
156 children of the main group (were born to parents irradiated in the result of Chernobyl disaster), in which according to Doppler echocardiography isolated abnormal chords of the left ventricle (AHLV) identified, 44 children of control group and 50 children of referent group were involved in the study Analysis of indicators of operational regulation of heart rate in children of primary group indicate the existence of autonomic dysregulation, which has the maximum expression in children with a threshold number of isolated abnormal chords. Evidence of autonomic dysregulation in children born to parents irradiated in the result of the Chernobyl disaster with isolated AHLV requires primary and secondary prevention to reduce the frequency of unfavourable clinical course.
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Liaginskaia AM, Tukov AR, Osipov VA, Ermalitskiĭ AP, Prokhorova ON. [Congenital malformations among offspring of the liquidators of the consequences from Chernobyl accident]. RADIATSIONNAIA BIOLOGIIA, RADIOECOLOGIIA 2009; 49:694-702. [PMID: 20143582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and the structure of congenital malformations at children of the liquidators of the consequences from Chernobyl accident, undergone to an external scale gamma-irradiation in dozes up to 25 cGy. In total is surveyed 2379 newborn at which is revealed 318 intrauterine development defects. The received results are compared to the earlier published data on birth of congenital malformations in families of the fathers who have undergone to an irradiation in connection with professional activity at the enterprises of a nuclear industry, with emergency irradiation, with irradiation as a result of explosions of nuclear bombs in Japan, and are discussed from positions of the basic rules (situations) of radiating genetics. Total frequency, the frequency of forms 21 of inherent defects of development, taken into account in the International register of congenital malformations and frequency 9 forms heaviest of congenital intrauterine development defects with the high contribution mutation components at children of the liquidators authentically is higher than on the average on Russian Federation. The dependence of the frequency congenital malformations at children from dozes of an irradiation of the fathers--liquidators is revealed. The curve of dependence of the frequency of congenital malformations from time, past after work up to copulation carries arched character with peak of rise of frequency of congenital malformations in 2-3 years and decrease in 6-7 years.
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Busby C, Lengfelder E, Pflugbeil S, Schmitz-Feuerhake I. The evidence of radiation effects in embryos and fetuses exposed to Chernobyl fallout and the question of dose response. Med Confl Surviv 2009; 25:20-40. [PMID: 19413155 DOI: 10.1080/13623690802568954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current legal frameworks for radiation exposure limits are based on the risk models of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In Publication 90 (2003), ICRP presents a safe (threshold) dose range of up to 100 mSv for radiogenic effects resulting from in utero exposure and bases this conclusion on the findings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, a variety of observations of congenital malformations, fetal loss, stillbirths and infant deaths, as well as of Down's syndrome and other health defects in children after the Chernobyl accident exposures suggest that the A-bomb survivor data are incomplete. The Chernobyl findings are generally marginalized or even denied because of the low values of the estimated human exposures and the inconsistency of the results with the accepted risk models. One explanation for the observations is that physical dosimetric models have underestimated the effective exposure. This possibility is supported by biological dosimetry in the contaminated regions. The assumptions about effects after in utero exposure by incorporated radionuclides need to be revised.
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Møller AP, Mousseau TA, de Lope F, Saino N. Elevated frequency of abnormalities in barn swallows from Chernobyl. Biol Lett 2007; 3:414-7. [PMID: 17439847 PMCID: PMC1994720 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the Chernobyl accident in 1986, that contaminated vast areas in surrounding countries with radiation, abnormalities and birth defects have been reported in human populations. Recently, several studies suggested that the elevated frequency of such abnormalities can be attributed to poverty and stress in affected human populations. Here, we present long-term results for a free-living population of barn swallows, Hirundo rustica, demonstrating the presence of 11 morphological abnormalities in populations around Chernobyl, but much less frequently in an uncontaminated Ukrainian control population and three more distant control populations. The presence of these abnormalities in barn swallows is associated with reduced viability. These findings demonstrate a link between morphological abnormalities and radiation in an animal population that cannot be attributed to poverty and stress. The most parsimonious hypothesis for abnormalities in animal and human populations alike is that the effects are caused by the same underlying cause, viz. radiation derived from the Chernobyl accident.
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Kuroiwa C. Risk of radiation exposure from genbaku and genpatsu: the 1945 atomic bombings and the 2007 Kashiwazaki nuclear power plant leak. Biosci Trends 2007; 1:69-71. [PMID: 20103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Strzelczyk JJ, Damilakis J, Marx MV, Macura KJ. Facts and controversies about radiation exposure, part 2: low-level exposures and cancer risk. J Am Coll Radiol 2007; 4:32-9. [PMID: 17412222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this 2-part article, the authors address the need to put in perspective the risks of radiation exposure in the rapidly changing field of radiology, considering the current state of knowledge of effects at low levels. The article is based on the content of the refresher course RC 516 presented at the Radiological Society of North America's 2005 annual meeting. In part 1, the authors presented a brief review of epidemiologic studies, a discussion of typical radiation doses experienced in medicine by both patients and professionals, and the description of practical approaches to reduce unnecessary exposures. Part 2 addresses a special concern for the unborn and discusses advisory and regulatory cancer risk estimates based mainly on epidemiologic studies. The limitations of epidemiologic studies at low-level exposures and recent new findings in radiobiology, some of which are summarized, challenge the notion that any amount of radiation causes adverse effects.
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Liaginskaia AM, Tukov AR, Osipov VA, Prokhorova ON. [Genetic effects in the liquidators of consequences of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident]. RADIATSIONNAIA BIOLOGIIA, RADIOECOLOGIIA 2007; 47:188-95. [PMID: 17571728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was the estimation of probable genetic consequences at the liquidators of the consequences of Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987. The research is made on two groups of the liquidators. The first group included the liquidators taking place on the account in the branch register and working now at the enterprises of a nuclear industry. The second group included 902 liquidators of consequences of Chernobyl accident in 1986 constantly living in the Ryazan area and which are taking place on permanent observation the account in regional hospital. For an estimation of probable genetic effects analyzed the data on frequency and outcomes pregnancy of the wives of the liquidators, on condition and on diseases of newborn, on switching intrauterine development defects (IDD). The analysis carried out depending on dozes of an irradiation: up to 5 cGy; 5-10 cGy and 10-25 cGy. Received materials testify, that at the liquidators, at a doze of an external irradiation 10-25 cGy, the determined effects--period long sterility, kept at a part them till 3 years come to light. The set of the received data, such as depending from the dose increase of frequency of spontaneous abortions and of inherent defects of development of newborn, the increase of frequency diseases of newborn and share newborn with low weight, allows to make a conclusion about an induction of genetic effects in sexual cells of the liquidators of consequences of Chernobyl accident at dozes of an external irradiation more than 10 cGy. Taking into account high biological efficiency of alpha-radiation (K = 20), and of beta-radiation (K = 2-4), the equivalent effective doze male gonads (testes) in 3-5 times is higher, than estimated only from external gamma-radiation.
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Abstract
This article reviews the health effects of the Chernobyl accident. The clearest effect to be seen to date is the dramatic increase in thyroid cancer in children. The evidence for increased leukaemia is less clear, but there are indications of increased leukaemia incidence in Russian clean-up workers. There is also evidence of increases in breast cancer, cataract and cardiovascular disease. However, to date the largest public health problem caused by the accident is the mental health impact.
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