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Wright L, Schmidt-Walker K. An augmented structured interview for measuring subcomponents of the Type A behavior pattern. Int J Psychiatry Med 1990; 20:85-96. [PMID: 2373595 DOI: 10.2190/ydk9-j9nv-5ra2-rxdv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The authors note an increasing interest in certain subcomponents of the Type A behavior pattern (TABP) such as time urgency, perpetual activation, and anger in versus anger out. Based on that observation they pilot tested twenty-four newly created interview items designed to augment those of the commonly employed Structured Interview (SI). Nineteen of the twenty-four items were then selected for use in more precise assessment of the four TABP subcomponents mentioned above. These new items, in combination with those of the existing SI, were labeled the Augmented Structured Interview (ASI). Obtained data on the ASI items support the need for assessing Type A subcomponents (instead of relying solely on a global measure of the TABP). The data also suggest that TABP subcomponents are best assessed by means of interview items rather than self report measures. The ASI is recommended for both clinical and research purposes as a supplement to the SI, which to date has proven to be the best means for measuring global Type A tendencies.
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Eberle H, Van de Merwe W, Madden K, Kampo G, Wright L, Donlon K. The nature of an intragenic suppressor of the Escherichia coli dnaA508 temperature-sensitive mutation. Gene 1989; 84:237-45. [PMID: 2558967 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strain E508 (dnaA508) is temperature-sensitive for dnaA function. A mutant with an intragenic suppressor of the dnaA508 mutation, called PR1, has been isolated. The suppressor mutation(s) allow initiation of DNA synthesis at 42 degrees C and, like dnaA cold-sensitive mutants, PR1 grows poorly at 32 degrees C. Two-dimensional gel analysis indicates that DnaA protein is overproduced in PR1. Transcriptional analysis indicates two to three times the number of dnaA and dnaN transcripts in PR1, as compared to a wild-type dnaA+ strain. The dnaA gene from PR1 has been cloned and found to complement the original dnaA508 mutation, as well as dnaA46, but not dnaA5. Sequencing of the dnaAPR1 gene reveals three separate base changes, two of which result in nonconservative amino acid substitutions and the third is a change in the start codon from GTG to ATG.
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228
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Litovitz TL, Flagler SL, Manoguerra AS, Veltri JC, Wright L. Recurrent poisonings among paediatric poisoning victims. MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY AND ADVERSE DRUG EXPERIENCE 1989; 4:381-6. [PMID: 2811675 DOI: 10.1007/bf03259919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A study of 1943 potentially toxic ingestions occurring in children under 6 years of age was conducted by 3 geographically and demographically diverse poison centres to determine the incidence of exposures to poison. Of the total group, 30.1% indicated that the child had experienced a prior poison exposure (12.0% in children under 1 year of age, and 41.3% of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years). Most repeaters (68.9%) experienced only 1 prior ingestion (range 1 to 15). Two prior ingestions were reported in 17.6% of repeaters; 3 prior ingestions in 4.4%. A profound effect of age on type of substance ingested was observed, with drugs accounting for 11.0% of ingestions in children under the age of 1 year, 23.2% in 1-year-old, and 49.9% in 2- to 5-year-old. A corresponding age-related decline in ingestions of household and personal care products was also noted. Although less marked than the age effect, a statistically significant propensity to re-ingest similar types of poisons was observed. Among repeaters, those with a prior ingestion of a drug subsequently ingested another drug 1.49 times more frequently than expected. A similar trend was observed with products (1.24 times more frequently) and plants (2.00 times more frequently).
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229
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Devlin MJ, Walsh BT, Katz JL, Roose SP, Linkie DM, Wright L, Vande Wiele R, Glassman AH. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Psychiatry Res 1989; 28:11-24. [PMID: 2500676 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) exhibit neuroendocrine abnormalities that may result solely from emaciation or may reflect defective endocrine mechanisms which are intrinsic to disordered eating even in the absence of starvation. To distinguish these possibilities, we have studied indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) function in 9 patients with AN, 12 normal weight patients with bulimia and recent or current oligomenorrhea, and 8 normal weight controls. Measurement of 24-hour luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion with 30-min sampling revealed significantly fewer LH secretory spikes and a trend toward lower mean 24-hour LH levels in both bulimic and anorectic patients than in controls. Stimulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone produced elevated LH responses in the bulimic group and blunted LH responses in the anorectic group. Stimulation with estradiol revealed diminished LH augmentative responses and a trend toward diminished follicle stimulating hormone augmentative responses among bulimic as well as AN patients compared to controls. In each instance, the bulimic group tended to show within-group heterogeneity, with some individuals falling within the AN range. These findings suggest that HPG axis abnormalities in eating disordered patients cannot entirely be attributed to emaciation and that factors other than subnormal weight contribute to disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary functioning in these patients.
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230
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van Haaften-Day C, Russell P, Carr S, Wright L. Development and characterization of a human cell line from an ovarian mixed Müllerian tumor (carcinosarcoma). IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1988; 24:965-71. [PMID: 2903136 DOI: 10.1007/bf02620867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A cell line derived from a human ovarian carcinosarcoma was established in tissue culture and in nude mice. Two sublines, LDF and HDF, separated by discontinuous density centrifugation were also established from the parent line JoN. The cloning efficiency of the JoN line was 21%. Morphologic features of adenocarcinoma cells characteristic of the parent JoN cells were retained in the sublines and clones; all lines showed the same karyotype and DNA content (pseudodiploid and pseudotetraploid). Keratin, as demonstrated immunohistochemically, was strongly expressed in the parent line JoN and the xenograft tumor, but not at all in the LDF sublines and only moderately in the HDF sublines. Vimentin, however, was expressed in neither the parent line JoN nor the xenograft tumor, but was present in both sublines. Transglutaminase and plasminogen activator activity was high in the parent line JoN. Neither, sublines nor clones showed the same high enzyme activity as the parent line. It is concluded that this human tumor line JoN is comprised of epithelial cells, capable of multidirectional differentiation.
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231
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Wright L. Moving Millie. THE CANADIAN NURSE 1988; 84:31. [PMID: 3416291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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232
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White D, Rose M, Wright L, Wallwork J, English TA, Hakim M, Hutter J. Failure of whole blood cyclosporine levels to provide a reliable measure of immunosuppression in clinical heart and heart/lung transplantation. Transplant Proc 1988; 20:422-5. [PMID: 3129845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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233
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Wright L. The Type A behavior pattern and coronary artery disease: Quest for the active ingredients and the elusive mechanism. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 1988; 43:2-14. [PMID: 3279874 DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.43.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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234
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235
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Hollander DI, Wright L, Nagey DA, Wright JN, Pupkin MJ, Koch T. Indicators of perinatal asphyxia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157:839-43. [PMID: 3674156 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes (myocardial-specific MB and brain-specific BB) are elevated in the presence of specific tissue injury. The value of this serum marker as an objective indicator of perinatal asphyxia was studied. Forty-nine patients with gestational ages ranging from 36 to 42 weeks were prospectively studied. Patients who by interpretation of the fetal heart rate tracing alone were diagnosed as having fetal distress demonstrated significantly lower pH (p = 0.001) and base excess (p less than 0.0001) in umbilical venous blood. Umbilical venous cord MB (p less than 0.05) and BB (p less than 0.01) were increased in this group. Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns correlate well with acid-base abnormalities and elevated creatinine phosphokinase values. These tests may demonstrate more efficient and improved indicators of tissue injury and damage from perinatal asphyxia than clinical observation alone.
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236
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Forster GE, Munday PE, Walsh B, Das S, Easmon CS, Wright L, Carder J, Taylor-Robinson D. Aetiology of urinary symptoms in sexually active women. Genitourin Med 1987; 63:345. [PMID: 3679223 PMCID: PMC1194109 DOI: 10.1136/sti.63.5.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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237
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Walsh BT, Roose SP, Katz JL, Dyrenfurth I, Wright L, Vande Wiele R, Glassman AH. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortical activity in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1987; 12:131-40. [PMID: 3037583 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4530(87)90043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortical (HPA) activity in nine underweight women with anorexia nervosa, 12 women of normal body weight with bulimia, and nine control subjects. The measures of HPA activity were the pattern of plasma cortisol secretion over 24 hr and the responses of plasma cortisol to dexamethasone suppression and to low dose ACTH stimulation. The patients with anorexia nervosa had significantly elevated 24 hr concentrations of plasma cortisol compared to the controls and showed significantly less cortisol suppression following dexamethasone. There was no difference between patients with anorexia nervosa and controls in the rise in plasma cortisol following ACTH. On most measures of HPA activity, the normal weight patients with bulimia were indistinguishable from the controls. These results suggest that HPA activity is normal in most patients of normal body weight with bulimia and that the psychological and behavioral disturbances common to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia are, in the absence of significant weight loss, insufficient to produce major alterations in HPA activity.
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Abstract
This paper presents the position that health psychology for children is not given proper attention in mainstream health psychology, which is primarily adult in orientation. It is proposed that the neglect of child-related problems in the recent Proceedings of the National Conference on Training in Health Psychology exemplifies the general orientation of mainstream health psychology, which views children's health problems primarily in terms of their effect on adult health rather than as problems that need current and immediate attention. We propose that applying a developmental perspective to the health psychology field would be one way of highlighting the fact that children's problems are unique and that children need to be viewed as something other than potential consumers of adult health psychology services or as agents for the prevention of adult health problems.
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239
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Maddux JE, Roberts MC, Sledden EA, Wright L. Developmental issues in child health psychology. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 1986; 41:25-34. [PMID: 3954240 DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.41.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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240
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Maddux JE, Roberts MC, Sledden EA, Wright L. Developmental issues in child health psychology. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 1986. [PMID: 3954240 DOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.41.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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241
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Wright L. Treatment of cancer of the cervix. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1985; 98:1095. [PMID: 3865100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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242
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Randolph MF, Gerber MA, DeMeo KK, Wright L. Effect of antibiotic therapy on the clinical course of streptococcal pharyngitis. J Pediatr 1985; 106:870-5. [PMID: 3923180 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of antibiotic therapy on the clinical course of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis in 260 children. After a throat culture had been obtained, each child was evaluated for the presence of predetermined signs and symptoms, and was then randomized in a double-blind manner to receive penicillin V, cefadroxil, or placebo. Of the 194 children with throat cultures positive for GABHS, 68 received penicillin V, 70 received cefadroxil, and 56 received placebo. Approximately 18 to 24 hours later, each patient returned for reevaluation. Significantly fewer children who had received either penicillin or cefadroxil had persistence of each of the three objective signs and each of the three subjective symptoms than did children who had received placebo. In addition, the evaluating physician, parents, and patients all believed that significantly fewer of the patients given antibiotic failed to demonstrate overall clinical improvement.
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Keating PJ, Parker RA, Keane D, Wright L. The holographic storage of study models. BRITISH JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS 1984; 11:119-25. [PMID: 6591950 DOI: 10.1179/bjo.11.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The storage and recall of dental study models pose major problems for orthodontists. This problem may be solved by taking holographic films of study models. A method is described for their fabrication and some preliminary measurements are reported. The image produced by this method has a measurable three-dimensionality which can be produced at a very reasonable cost.
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Stewart JW, Walsh BT, Wright L, Roose SP, Glassman AH. An open trial of MAO inhibitors in bulimia. J Clin Psychiatry 1984; 45:217-9. [PMID: 6373746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Twelve bulimic women with prominent depression and anxiety were treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A dramatic response was seen in 10 cases. The implications of this open clinical trial for the understanding and treatment of bulimia are discussed.
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245
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Wellstood SA, Wright L. Using quality circles to spot and solve lab problems. MLO: MEDICAL LABORATORY OBSERVER 1983; 15:32-7. [PMID: 10261859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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246
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Walsh BT, Stewart JW, Wright L, Harrison W, Roose SP, Glassman AH. Treatment of bulimia with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry 1982; 139:1629-30. [PMID: 6959533 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.139.12.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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247
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Henderson JM, Millikan WJ, Chipponi J, Wright L, Sones PJ, Meier L, Warren WD. The incidence and natural history of thrombus in the portal vein following distal splenorenal shunt. Ann Surg 1982; 196:1-7. [PMID: 7092345 PMCID: PMC1352486 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198207000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of thrombus formation in the portal vein following distal splenorenal shunt was 4% occlusive and 14% nonocclusive from 1974 to 1977, and 6% occlusive and 22% nonocclusive in 1980. The increased incidence was probably due to more aggressive ligation of collaterals on the portal vein. Ten patients with this complication were evaluated prospectively with clinical and biochemical parameters, angiography, and nutrient hepatic perfusion. In this group, one thrombus was occlusive immediately after operation, and nine were nonocclusive: eight of the latter resolved by six months, but one progressed to total thrombosis. There were no demonstrable adverse clinical or biochemical sequelae. Angiography showed continuing portal perfusion in the face of nonocclusive thrombus, but at six months there was increased collateral formation and significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in portal vein diameter, from 20 +/- 4 mm to 14 +/- 5 mm. Nutrient hepatic perfusion at six months, 896 +/- 257 ml/min, was not significantly different from that seen prior to operation, 848 +/- 92 ml/min. It is concluded that the natural history of nonocclusive portal vein thrombus after distal splenorenal shunt is resolution, and management should be expectant.
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Fernhoff PM, Fitzmaurice N, Milner J, McEwen CT, Dembure PP, Brown AL, Wright L, Acosta PB, Elsas LJ. Coordinated system for comprehensive newborn metabolic screening. South Med J 1982; 75:529-32. [PMID: 7079807 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-198205000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In September 1978 phenylketonuria (PKU) screening in the state of Georgia was expanded to include testing for five additional metabolic disorders. Our goal was to begin therapy within the first three weeks of an infant's life. During the first 22 months, 167,458 specimens were received; 151,250 from infants less than or equal to 1 week of age. During this period 157,893 live births were reported. More than 90% of 2,299 infants with abnormal screening results were retested. The number of cases and incidence of each disease detected were hyperphenylalaninemia, five (1/31,579); maple syrup urine disease, 0 (0/151,250); homocystinuria, one (1/151,250); galactosemia, two (1/63,352); transient tyrosinemia (greater than or equal to 12 mg/dl), 50 (1/3,158); primary congenital hypothyroidism, 17 (1/7,453); and thyroid binding globulin deficiency, ten (1/12,670). For eight children with either hyperphenylalaninemia, homocystinuria, or galactosemia, the average time for retrieval between the initial abnormal screening result ad the first follow-up test was 6.2 days (range three to ten days). Therapy was started by 9.9 days of age (range seven to 17). For the 17 children with congenital hypothyroidism, the retrieval time was 11.6 days (range three to 27) and treatment began by 21.3 days of age (range ten to 69 days).
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249
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Warren WD, Millikan WJ, Henderson JM, Wright L, Kutner M, Smith RB, Fulenwider JT, Salam AA, Galambos JT. Ten years portal hypertensive surgery at Emory. Results and new perspectives. Ann Surg 1982; 195:530-42. [PMID: 7073351 PMCID: PMC1352553 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198205000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Five hundred four Shunt procedures have been done at Emory University Hospitals between 1971 and 1981 to decompress bleeding esophageal varices. This paper reviews how far the experiences of a prospective randomized study (55 patients) of distal splenorenal shunts against total shunts is supported by the nonrandomized experience (449 patients), and outlines our current methods of management dictated by this experience. The overall operative mortality for 348 selective shunts is 4.1% and for 156 nonselective shunts, 14.1%. The five-year survival following Selective shunt is 59%, and following nonselective shunt is 49%: more than half the selective shunt patients are alive, in contrast to the median survival of 44.5 months for patients having nonselective shunts. Following Selective shunt, the survival in nonalcoholic patients is significantly better than the median survival of alcoholic patients of 57 months. Encephalopathy, reported at three years after surgery in the randomized patients was significantly (p < 0.001) lower after selective shunt (12%) compared to nonselective shunt (52%): in the same population at seven years, all patients with patent nonselective shunts have clinical or subclinical encephalopathy, but only 30% of the selective shunt patients have subclinical encephalopathy. Shunt patency, immediately after surgery, is 93% following selective shunt, with only two documented late thromboses: nine of nine patients, at a mean of seven years, retain patency in the randomized study. Shunt occlusion increases with time after interposition nonselective shunts: seven of 13 are occluded at a mean follow-up of seven years in the randomized study. Portal venous perfusion is retained in 93% of patients seven to ten days after selective shunt, but in no patient with a patent nonselective shunt. Late portal perfusion is maintained in nine of the eleven patients in the randomized group studied at a mean of seven years after selective shunt. Restoration of portal perfusion has led to clearing of encephalopathy and improvement in hepatic function in six patients. The following conclusions are made: (1) selective shunts can be done with low operative mortality, and long-term patency with excellent control of bleeding; (2) hepatic portal venous perfusion has been maintained after selective shunt for ten years, and this is vital for preventing encephalopathy and maintaining hepatic function; (3) long-term survival after selective shunt is better than any reported series for nonselective shunt; and (4) selective shunts are the operative procedure of choice for variceal decompression and nonselective shunts should rarely be performed for elective decompression.
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250
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Wright L. Nursing care study: agitated depression. NURSING TIMES 1981; 77:1019-21. [PMID: 6912510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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