Symptomatic large parietal foramina

A mother and her two children with large parietal foramina were studied with plain roentgenograms and computed tomography. The mother's comments convinced us that the bilateral defects in the children evolved from a single midline opening via median ossification. The children had recurrent bouts of unexplained headaches and vomiting. Gentle pressure over the defects and combining of the overlying hair produced local pain and violent headaches in all three patients. These characteristic symptoms as well as other clinical problems associated with this anomaly are discussed.

Donor platelet response and product quality assurance in plateletpheresis

Retrospective analysis of 352 donors who underwent plateletpheresis at least four times, each using the Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor, indicated that a postpheresis platelet count of less than 100,000/microliter occurred in only 2.7 per cent of phereses. Restricting pheresis to those with a prepheresis platelet count of greater than 150,000/microliter would have lowered this to 1.3 per cent and eliminated only 3.7 per cent of donations. The donors' platelet counts returned to baseline approximately four days and rebounded above baseline eight to eleven days after pheresis. To minimize the chance of a donor having a postpheresis platelet count less than 100,000/microliter, the prepheresis platelet count should be greater than 150,000/microliter. A platelet count greater than 150,000/microliter immediately following the previous pheresis can be used instead of the prepheresis platelet count. The yield was related to the prepheresis platelet count, number of cycles, sex, type of procedure (platelet or platelet-leukapheresis), and the yield recorded during an individual's previous procedures. Seventy-five per cent of plateletpheresis products contained more than 3.3 x 10(11) platelets. This might be a satisfactory standard for quality assurance.

Facilitating a therapeutic milieu in the families of schizophrenia

For many years, mental health professionals and the families of schizophrenics have coexisted in an atmosphere of mutual distrust and hostility. In this paper, we would like to present some of our experiences in creating a more productive relationship with the families of long-term schizophrenic clients in an aftercare setting. We have found that it is possible to engage these families as allies in the long and difficult process of psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy and resocialization. In many instances, these families actually provide several of the major functions of a vital therapeutic milieu, including containment, support, and structure (Gunderson, 1978).

Identification by affinity chromatography of the rat liver ribosomal proteins that bind to Escherichia coli 5 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid

The eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomal proteins that bind to Escherichia coli 5 S rRNA were identified by affinity chromatography. The E. coli ribosomal proteins that associated with the nucleic acid were L5, L18, and L25 confirming earlier findings using the same and different procedures. The rat liver ribosomal proteins that associated with E. coli 5 S rRNA were L6, L7, L19, L35a, and S9; several of those proteins also bind to rat liver 5 S rRna (L6, L19) and to 5.8 S rRna (L6, L19, and S9).

Identification by affinity chromatography of the eukaryotic ribosomal proteins that bind to 5.8 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid

The proteins that bind to rat liver 5.8 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid were identified by affinity chromatography. The nucleic acid was oxidized with periodate and coupled by its 3'-terminus to Sepharose 4B through and adipic acid dihydrazide spacer. The ribosomal proteins that associate with the immobilized 5.8 S rRNA were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresiss: they were L19, L8, and L6 from the 60 S subunit; and S13 and S9 from the small subparticle. Small amounts of L14, L17', L18, L27/L27', and L35', and of S11, S15, S23/S24, and S26 also were bound to the affinity column, but whether they associate directly and specifically with 5.8 S rRNA is not known. Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins did not bind to the rat liver 5.8 S rRNA affinity column.

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins: purification and characterization of S25 and L16

Proteins were extracted from rat liver ribosomal subunits with ethanol and ammonium chloride. The extract from the 40S subunit contained mainly S25, but smaller amounts of a number of other proteins were found as well; the extract from the 60S subparticle had L16 in addition to P1, P2, S25, and several other proteins. S25 and L16 had not been purified before. The former was isolated from the ethanol-ammonium chloride extract by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl, chromatography on phosphocellulose, and filtration through Sephadex G-75; L16 was purified by elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl (in steps). The molecular weight of the two proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; and amino acid composition was determined also.

Proposed uniform nomenclature for mammalian ribosomal proteins

The numbering systems for mammalian ribosomal proteins used in several laboratories have been correlated and a proposal for a standard system is presented.

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 40 S ribosomal subunit proteins Sa, Sc, S3a, S3b, S5', S9, S10, S11, S12, S14, S15, S15', S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S26, S27', and S29

The proteins of the small subunit of rat liver ribosomes were separated into five main groups by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5. Twenty-one proteins (Sa, Sc, S3a, S3b, S5', S9, S10, S11, S12, S14, S15, S15', S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S26, S27', and S29) were isolated from three groups (A40, C40, and D40) by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and phosphocellulose and by filtration through Sephadex. The amount of protein obtained varied from 0.1 to 11 mg. Six of the proteins (S5', S10, S11, S18, S19, and S27') had no detectable contamination; the impurities in the others were no greater than 9%. The molecular weight of the proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; the amino acid composition was determined.

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 60 S ribosomal subunit proteins L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39

The proteins of the large subunit of rat liver ribosomes were separated into seven groups by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5. Seventeen proteins (L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39) were isolated from three of the groups (B60, D60, G60) by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose and by filtration through Sephadex. The amount of protein obtained varied from 0.5 to 15 mg. Eight of the proteins (L9, L11, L13, L21, L22, L35', L37 and L39) had no detectable contamination; the impurities in the others were no greater than 9%. The molecular weight of the proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; the amino acid composition was determined.

The isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. The purification and characterization of the 40 S ribosomal subunit proteins S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S13, S23/S24, S27, and S28

The proteins of the small subunit of rat liver ribosomes were separated into five groups by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5 (Collatz, E., Lin, A., Stöffler, G., Tsurugi, K., and Wool, I.G., (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1808-1816). From the several groups, 12 proteins (S2,S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S13, S23/S24, S27, and S28) wereisolated by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose, by chromatography on sulfopropyl-Sephadex, and by gel filtration through Sephadex G-75. The amount of protein obtained varied from 1 to 9 mg depending on the number of steps required for the preparation; several proteins had no detectable contamination and the impurities in the others were no greater than 9%. The molecular weight of the proteins was estimated by polyazrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; the amino acid composition was determined.

Group fractionation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins

The proteins of the subunits of rat liver ribosomes were fractionated by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5. The 40 S ribosomal proteins were separated into five groups containing between 3 and 14 proteins; the 60 S proteins, into seven groups of 3 to 15. Only a comparatively small number of proteins occurred in appreciable amounts in more than one group. The number of relatively acidic proteins associated with the ribosomal subunits was larger than had been reported before: it is not known if they are initiation or translation factors or ribosomal structural proteins. The group fractionation procedure has proven valuable as the initial step in the isolation and characterization of rat liver ribosomal proteins.

Micro-scale two-dimensional polyacrylamide gell electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins

A specially designed apparatus and conditions are described for the rapid analysis of ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis on a micro scale. The resolution of proteins in electropherograms is comparable to that obtained with other systems, but because of miniaturization, only 0.5 to 1 mug of each protein is required, and the entire procedure, including electrophoresis in both dimensions, and staining and destaining can be completed in 6 to 7 hours.

The identification of the eukaryotic ribosomal proteins homologous with Escherichia coli proteins L7 and L12

Antibodies were raised against eukaryotic (rat liver) and prokaryotic (E. coli) ribosomal particles and ribosomal proteins. The antisera were characterized and used to determine the identity of the eukaryotic proteins homologous to E. coli L7 and L12. The large subunit of rat liver ribosomes contains two acidic proteins, L40 and L41; they migrate during two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a way that mimics the behavior of L7 and L12. Rat liver L40 and L41 were found to be immunologically related to E. coli L7/L12, hence the proteins are likely to share some structural homology.