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Lin F, Chen FR, Chen Q, Tang D, Peng LM. The wrap-around problem and optimal padding in the exit wave reconstruction using HRTEM images. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2006; 55:191-200. [PMID: 17050589 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfl025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A free fast Fourier transform software FFTW (www.fftw.org) is used in the exit wave reconstruction and shown to be able to handle images of any size effectively. The wrap-around problem commonly encountered in the exit wave reconstruction is investigated, and a new padding scheme is proposed and its performance is investigated. It is shown that while the usual wrap-around problem may be solved via padding the input high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images with zero or averaged image intensities, the reconstructed exit wave at its boundary is inevitably distorted by the discontinuity of image intensities at the boundary. The proposed new padding scheme is shown to be able to provide a good estimate of the image intensities immediately outside the boundaries of the HRTEM images, reducing the estimated image intensity discontinuity across the boundaries and therefore providing a larger undistorted view of the exit wave.
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252
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Han YH, Cao X, Lin B, Lin F, Kolluri SK, Stebbins J, Reed JC, Dawson MI, Zhang XK. Regulation of Nur77 nuclear export by c-Jun N-terminal kinase and Akt. Oncogene 2006; 25:2974-86. [PMID: 16434970 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proapoptotic nuclear receptor family member Nur77 translocates from the nucleus to the mitochondria, where it interacts with Bcl-2 to trigger apoptosis. Nur77 translocation is induced by certain apoptotic stimuli, including the synthetic retinoid-related 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (AHPN)/CD437 class. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which AHPN/CD437 analog (E)-4-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC) induces Nur77 nuclear export. Our results demonstrate that 3-Cl-AHPC effectively activated Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which phosphorylates Nur77. Inhibition of JNK activation by a JNK inhibitor suppressed 3-Cl-AHPC-induced Nur77 nuclear export and apoptosis. In addition, several JNK upstream activators, including the phorbol ester TPA, anisomycin and MAPK kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1), phosphorylated Nur77 and induced its nuclear export. However, Nur77 phosphorylation by JNK, although essential, was not sufficient for inducing Nur77 nuclear export. Induction of Nur77 nuclear export by MEKK1 required a prolonged MEKK1 activation and was attenuated by Akt activation. Expression of constitutively active Akt prevented MEKK1-induced Nur77 nuclear export. Conversely, transfection of dominant-negative Akt or treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor accelerated MEKK1-induced Nur77 nuclear export. Furthermore, mutation of an Akt phosphorylation residue Ser351 in Nur77 abolished the effect of Akt or the PI3-K inhibitor. Together, our results demonstrate that both activation of JNK and inhibition of Akt play a role in translocation of Nur77 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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MESH Headings
- Adamantane/analogs & derivatives
- Adamantane/pharmacology
- Anisomycin/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor/ultrastructure
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- MAP Kinase Kinase 7/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 7/pharmacology
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1/physiology
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Tarpey I, Orbell SJ, Britton P, Casais R, Hodgson T, Lin F, Hogan E, Cavanagh D. Safety and efficacy of an infectious bronchitis virus used for chicken embryo vaccination. Vaccine 2006; 24:6830-8. [PMID: 16860445 PMCID: PMC7126498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Commercial vaccines for in ovo vaccination have not yet been developed for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the major coronavirus in the poultry industry. Recombinant IBVs based on the Beaudette strain expressing the Beaudette spike protein (Beau-R) or that from the virulent M41 strain (BeauR-M41(S)) were assessed for their potential as prototype vaccines for application to 18-day-old embryos. Pathogenicity was assessed by observing the effect on hatchability, and/or the production of nasal discharge and/or the effects on ciliary activity in the trachea at various time points post hatch. In contrast to commercial IBV vaccines given in ovo, the Beau-R and BeauR-M41(S) strains did not reduce hatchability or cause nasal discharge, and caused minimal damage to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea. The presence of the spike protein from a virulent virus did not increase the pathogenicity of the virus according to the criteria used. Assessment of the BeauR-M41(S) strain for efficacy showed that it protected up to 90% of chicks against challenge with virulent IB virus (M41) in a dose dependent manner. Further egg passage of the BeauR-M41(S) strain (BeauR-M41(S) EP10) did not increase its pathogenicity though it did improve its efficacy, based on serology and protection against a virulent challenge. BeauR-M41(S) EP10 was more efficacious than BeauR-M41(S) protecting more birds against virulent challenge and providing a better serological antibody response. BeauR-M41(S) EP10 induced a serological response similar to that of a commercial vaccine given at day-old though the commercial vaccine provided slightly higher efficacy. These results are promising for the development of embryo safe efficacious IBV vaccines for in ovo application.
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Lin F, Murphy R, White B, Kelly J, Feighery C, Doyle R, Pittock S, Moroney J, Smith O, Livingstone W, Keenan C, Jackson J. Circulating levels of beta2-glycoprotein I in thrombotic disorders and in inflammation. Lupus 2006; 15:87-93. [PMID: 16539279 DOI: 10.1191/0961203306lu2270oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) is a plasma protein suspected to have a role in inhibition of thrombosis. This suspicion is reinforced by the observation that beta2GPI is the major target for autoantibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome. However, little is known about its circulating levels in common thrombotic diseases or inflammation. We measured beta2GPI levels in 344 healthy controls, 58 normal pregnancies, 102 patients with non-haemorrhagic stroke, 121 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 200 patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). In healthy individuals, we found a strong positive correlation between age and beta2GPI concentration (r = 0.274, P < 0.001) and that beta2GPI levels fall significantly after the eighth week of pregnancy (P = 0.002). We also found significantly reduced levels of beta2GPI in patients with stroke and in elderly patients with myocardial syndrome (P = 0.013 and 0.043). However, in neither group did beta2GPI levels change in the following six months, suggesting that the reduced levels were not a transient post-event phenomenon. In patients with inflammation, beta2GPI levels showed a significant negative correlation with CRP (r = -0.284, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with albumin and transferrin (r = 0.372 and 0.453, respectively with P < 0.001 for both). Furthermore, the largest reduction in beta2GPI levels occurred in patients with the highest CRP values (P < 0.001).
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255
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Holmes FA, O’Shaughnessy JA, Hellerstedt B, Pippen J, Vukelja S, Kocs D, Asmar L, Fenske E, Lin F, Symmans WF, Pusztai L. Pharmacogenomic analysis of needle biopsies obtained before preoperative docetaxel/capecitabine/FEC (TX/FEC) chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10595 Background: Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining fine needle biopsies, for pharmacogenomic analysis, in community based oncology practices and develop gene expression-based predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative sequential docetaxel/capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred seventy-five patients were accrued at 29 sites in the US Oncology Research network. FNA specimens were mailed to a central laboratory (MDACC) and gene expression profiling was performed on Affymetrix U133A chips. Results: RNA extraction was started on 140 specimens, 112 of these (80%) yielded ≥1 μg total RNA, 69 were hybridized and 65 (94%) gene expression profiles have passed quality control as of abstract submission date. The analysis plan is to develop a multigene predictor of pCR from the first 80 cases and test its performance independently in the remaining cases. Conclusions: Collection of mandatory research FNA biopsies for pharmacogenomic research is feasible in community practice. Approximately 80% of biopsies yield sufficient RNA for gene expression profiling. In 20% of patients, either technical factors, which can be addressed, or tumor biology (necrotic, rapidly growing tumors) were limiting. Supported by Roche Laboratories, Inc., Nutley, NJ; Pfizer, New York, NY; and Precision Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA. [Table: see text]
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256
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Esteva FJ, Anderson K, Lin F, Nahta R, Mejia J, Altundag K, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN, Symmans WF, Pusztai L. Pharmacogenomic analysis of HER2 amplified breast cancer treated with preoperative trastuzumab and paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (T/FEC) chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
545 Background: We performed gene expression analysis to identify molecular predictors of resistance to preoperative concomitant trastuzumab and T/FEC chemotherapy. Methods: Pretreatment fine needle aspirations from 21 patients with HER2 amplified, stages II-III breast cancer were available for transcriptional profiling with Affymetrix U133 A chips. Results: Overall pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 71%. Age, nuclear grade, tumor size, nodal status or quantitative estrogen and HER2 receptor mRNA expression showed no association with response in univariate and multivariate logistic regression. We tested the accuracy of a 30-gene pCR predictor that was previously developed from patients who received T/FEC only preoperative chemotherapy. This predictor was accurate in validation in T/FEC treated patients (n=51) but showed low sensitivity in patients who also received trastuzumab (sensitivity 53% versus 92%). We could not identify any differentially expressed genes between pCR (n=15) and residual disease (RD, n=6) at a false discovery rate (FDR) <90% in the HER2 amplified trastuzumab-treated cases. Hierarchical clustering using the “Perou intrinsic gene set” also failed to separate pCR from RD. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis with 22 genes from trastuzumab-resistant cell lines showed a modest association with RD (FDR=9%). Conclusions: Clinical variables and pharmacogenomic predictors that predict pCR in the absence of trastuzumab are no longer accurate when trastuzumab is included in the treatment. Trastuzumab-resistance associated genes identified in vitro are also associated with resistance in vivo. Support: Ellence Foundation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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257
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Shi DX, Ji W, Lin X, He XB, Lian JC, Gao L, Cai JM, Lin H, Du SX, Lin F, Seidel C, Chi LF, Hofer WA, Fuchs H, Gao HJ. Role of lateral alkyl chains in modulation of molecular structures on metal surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:226101. [PMID: 16803323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.226101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We use low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, first-principles density-functional theory, and molecular mechanics calculations to analyze the adsorption and growth of quinacridone derivatives (QA) with alkyl chains of 4 and 16 carbon atoms on a Ag(110) substrate. Surprisingly, we find that the alkyl chains determine the orientation of the molecular overlayers. While the interaction of QA and the Ag substrate is primarily due to chemical bonding of oxygen to the silver substrate, determining the molecular orientation and preferred adsorption site, the intermolecular arrangement can be adjusted via the length of alkyl chains. We are thus able to fabricate uniform QA films with very well controlled physical properties.
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258
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Wang JL, Zhao NX, Gai YB, Lin F, Ren AZ, Ruan WB, Chen L. RAPD analysis of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Stipa krylovii reshov. in Inner Mongolia steppe. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406050024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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259
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Wang JL, Zhao NX, Gao YB, Lin F, Ren AZ, Ruan WB, Chen L. RAPD analysis of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Stipa krylovii Reshov. in Inner Mongolia steppe. GENETIKA 2006; 42:587-94. [PMID: 16808238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to characterize the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Stipa krylovii populations in Inner Mongolia steppe of North China. Thirteen 10 bp oligonucleotide primers, which generated 237 RAPD bands, were used to analyze 90 plants of five populations from three regions, meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe, from the east to the west. The genetic diversity of Stipa krylovii that was revealed by observed number of alleles (na), expected number of alleles (ne), Nei's diversity index (h), Shannon's diversity index (H), amplificated loci, polymorphic loci and the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) increased from the east to the west. The Pearson's correlation analysis between genetic diversity parameters and ecological parameters indicated that the genetic diversity of Stipa krylovii was associated with precipitation and cumulative temperature variations along the longitude (humidity were calculated by precipitation and cumulative temperature). Dendrogram based on Jaccard's genetic distance showed that the individuals from the same population formed a single sub-group. Although most variation (56.85%) was within populations, there was high genetic differentiation among populations of Stipa krylovii, high differentiation within and between regions by AMOVA analysis. Either Nei's unbiased genetic distance (G(ST)) or gene flow (Nm) among pairwise populations was not correlated with geographical distance by Mantel's test (P > 0.05), suggesting that there was no consistency with the isolation by distance model in these populations. Natural selection may have played a role in affecting the genetic diversity and population structure, but habitat destruction and degradation in northern grassland in China may be the main factor responsible for high genetic differentiation among populations, within and among regions.
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Chaulet H, Lin F, Guo J, Owens WA, Michalicek J, Kesteven SH, Guan Z, Prall OW, Mearns BM, Feneley MP, Steinberg SF, Graham RM. Sustained augmentation of cardiac alpha1A-adrenergic drive results in pathological remodeling with contractile dysfunction, progressive fibrosis and reactivation of matricellular protein genes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006; 40:540-52. [PMID: 16516910 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that transgenic (TG) mice with cardiac-restricted alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(1A)-AR)-overexpression showed enhanced contractility, but no hypertrophy. Since chronic inotropic enhancement may be deleterious, we investigated if long-term, cardiac function and longevity are compromised. alpha(1A)-TG mice, but not their non-TG littermates (NTLs), showed progressive loss of left ventricular (LV) hypercontractility (dP/dt(max): 14,567+/-603 to 11,610+/-915 mmHg/s, P<0.05, A1A1 line: 170-fold overexpression; and 13,625+/-826 to 8322+/-682 mmHg/s, respectively, P<0.05, A1A4 line: 112-fold overexpression, at 2 and 6 months, respectively). Both TG lines developed LV fibrosis, but not LV dilatation or hypertrophy, despite activation of hypertrophic signaling pathways. Microarray and real time RT-PCR analyses revealed activation of matricellular protein genes, including those for thrombospondin 1, connective tissue growth factor and tenascin C, but not transforming growth factor beta1. Life-span was markedly shortened (mean age at death: 155 days, A1A1 line; 224 days, A1A4 line compared with NTLs: >300 days). Telemetric electrocardiography revealed that death in the alpha(1A)-AR TG mice was due to cardiac standstill preceded by a progressive diminution in QRS amplitude, but not by arrhythmias. The QRS changes and sudden death could be mimicked by alpha(1)-AR activation, and reversed preterminally by alpha(1)-AR blockade, suggesting a relationship to stress- or activity-associated catecholamine release. Thus, long-term augmentation of cardiac alpha(1A)-adrenergic drive leads to premature death and progressive LV fibrosis with reactivation of matricellular protein genes. To our knowledge this is the first evidence in vivo for a role of the alpha(1A)-AR in ventricular fibrosis and in pathological cardiac remodeling.
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261
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Lin F, Xue SL, Zhang ZZ, Zhang CQ, Kong ZX, Yao GQ, Tian DG, Zhu HL, Li CJ, Cao Y, Wei JB, Luo QY, Ma ZQ. Mapping QTL associated with resistance to Fusarium head blight in the Nanda2419 x Wangshuibai population. II: type I resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 109:1504-11. [PMID: 16328229 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease in wheat and barley affecting both yield and quality. To identify genes for resistance to infection, the RIL population derived from 'Nanda2419' x 'Wangshuibai' and the parents were evaluated for percentage of infected spikes (PIS) in four different environments. Using a 2,960 cM marker framework map constructed for this population, ten chromosome regions were detected for their association with type I resistance through interval mapping with Mapmaker/QTL, among which QTLs mapped in the intervals of Xwmc349--Xgwm149 on chromosome 4B, of Xwmc96--Xgwm304 on chromosome 5A and of Xgwm408--Xbarc140 on chromosome 5B were revealed in at least three environments and have Wangshuibai as the source of resistance alleles. Qfhi.nau-4B and Qfhi.nau-5A had larger effects and explained up to 17.5 and 27.0% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. To detect epistasis QTLs, two-locus interactions were examined by whole genome scan. Interactions of five locus pairs were found to have significant effects on type I resistance with the LOD score ranging 3.8-6.5 and four of them conferred resistance in parental phase. The one with the most significant effect was Xcfd42--Xgwm469 (6D)/Xwmc390-2--Xbd04 (2A) pair. No QTL x E interaction was detected for PIS. It was found that flowering time did not have significant effects on PIS in this population. Our studies indicated that Wangshuibai is useful for breeding for both type I and type II scab resistance and the markers associated with the QTLs could be used in marker-assisted selection and isolation of scab-resistance QTLs.
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262
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Lin F, Xue SL, Zhang ZZ, Zhang CQ, Kong ZX, Yao GQ, Tian DG, Zhu HL, Li CJ, Cao Y, Wei JB, Luo QY, Ma ZQ. Mapping QTL associated with resistance to Fusarium head blight in the Nanda2419 x Wangshuibai population. II: type I resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 112:528-35. [PMID: 16328229 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease in wheat and barley affecting both yield and quality. To identify genes for resistance to infection, the RIL population derived from 'Nanda2419' x 'Wangshuibai' and the parents were evaluated for percentage of infected spikes (PIS) in four different environments. Using a 2,960 cM marker framework map constructed for this population, ten chromosome regions were detected for their association with type I resistance through interval mapping with Mapmaker/QTL, among which QTLs mapped in the intervals of Xwmc349--Xgwm149 on chromosome 4B, of Xwmc96--Xgwm304 on chromosome 5A and of Xgwm408--Xbarc140 on chromosome 5B were revealed in at least three environments and have Wangshuibai as the source of resistance alleles. Qfhi.nau-4B and Qfhi.nau-5A had larger effects and explained up to 17.5 and 27.0% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. To detect epistasis QTLs, two-locus interactions were examined by whole genome scan. Interactions of five locus pairs were found to have significant effects on type I resistance with the LOD score ranging 3.8-6.5 and four of them conferred resistance in parental phase. The one with the most significant effect was Xcfd42--Xgwm469 (6D)/Xwmc390-2--Xbd04 (2A) pair. No QTL x E interaction was detected for PIS. It was found that flowering time did not have significant effects on PIS in this population. Our studies indicated that Wangshuibai is useful for breeding for both type I and type II scab resistance and the markers associated with the QTLs could be used in marker-assisted selection and isolation of scab-resistance QTLs.
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263
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Addis I, Ireland C, Vittinghoff E, Lin F, Stuenkel C, Hulley S. Sexual Activity and Function in Postmenopausal Women With Heart Disease. J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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264
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Wang SH, Zhang LC, Lin F, Sa XY, Zuo JB, Shao QX, Chen GS, Zeng S. Controlled release of levonorgestrel from biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2006; 301:217-25. [PMID: 16040213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) biodegradable microspheres containing a contraceptive drug, levonorgestrel (LNG), were prepared using both the solvent evaporation method and a modified solvent extraction-evaporation method. The microspheres prepared with the solvent evaporation process had porous surfaces with low product yields and poor encapsulation efficiencies. On the other hand, the microspheres prepared using the modified solvent extraction-evaporation method were nonporous with encapsulation efficiencies close to 100%. In vitro drug release showed the nonporous microspheres had a lower initial burst and a slightly prolonged duration of release than those porous microspheres. In vivo release kinetics of the low burst microspheres were determined by measuring LNG plasma levels after a single intramuscular injection to female rats. At a LNG dose of 41.1 mg/kg, average plasma LNG levels were 6-10 ng/ml in the first 24 h and subsequently remained above 1 ng/ml until 126 days. The duration above the minimum effective LNG plasma level of 0.2 ng/ml was 168 days. By comparison, a similar dose of LNG microcrystals used as control produced a much higher plasma level of 15-21 ng/ml in the first day followed by a fast and continuous decline of LNG levels with a duration of only about 35 days.
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265
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Liu XQ, Wang L, Chen S, Lin F, Pan QH. Genetic and physical mapping of Pi36(t), a novel rice blast resistance gene located on rice chromosome 8. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 274:394-401. [PMID: 16151856 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Blast resistance in the indica cultivar (cv.) Q61 was inherited as a single dominant gene in two F2 populations, F2-1 and F2-2, derived from crosses between the donor cv. and two susceptible japonica cvs. Aichi Asahi and Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH), respectively. To rapidly determine the chromosomal location of the resistance (R) gene detected in Q61, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed in the F2-1 population using bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) in combination with recessive-class analysis (RCA). One of the three linked markers identified, BA1126(550), was cloned and sequenced. The R gene locus was roughly mapped on rice chromosome 8 by comparison of the BA1126(550) sequence with rice sequences in the databases (chromosome landing). To confirm this finding, seven known markers, including four sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers and three simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers flanking BA1126(550) on chromosome 8, were subjected to linkage analysis in the two F2 populations. The locus was mapped to a 5.8 cM interval bounded by RM5647 and RM8018 on the short arm of chromosome 8. This novel R gene is therefore tentatively designated as Pi36(t). For fine mapping of the Pi36(t) locus, five additional markers including one STS marker and four candidate resistance gene (CRG) markers were developed in the target region, based on the genomic sequence of the corresponding region of the reference japonica cv. Nipponbare. The Pi36(t) locus was finally localized to an interval of about 0.6 cM flanked by the markers RM5647 and CRG2, and co-segregated with the markers CRG3 and CRG4. To physically map this locus, the Pi36(t)-linked markers were mapped by electronic hybridization to bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) or P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) clones of Nipponbare, and a contig map was constructed in silico through Pairwise BLAST analysis. The Pi36(t) locus was physically delimited to an interval of about 17.0 kb, based on the genomic sequence of Nipponbare.
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266
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Makhsous M, Hendrix R, Crowther Z, Nam E, Lin F. Reducing whole-body vibration and musculoskeletal injury with a new car seat design. ERGONOMICS 2005; 48:1183-99. [PMID: 16251155 DOI: 10.1080/00140130500226903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new car seat design, which allows the back part of the seat (BPS) to lower down while a protruded cushion supports the lumbar spine, was quantitatively tested to determine its effectiveness and potentials in reducing whole-body vibration (WBV) and musculoskeletal disorders in automobile drivers. Nine subjects were tested to drive with the seat in: 1) the conventional seating arrangement (Normal posture); and 2) the new seating design (without BPS (WO-BPS) posture). By reducing contact between the seat and the ischial tuberosities (ITs), the new seating design reduced both contact pressure and amplitude of vibrations transmitted through the body. Root-mean-squared values for acceleration along the z-axis at the lumbar spine and ITs significantly decreased 31.6% (p < 0.01) and 19.8% (p < 0.05), respectively, by using the WO-BPS posture. At the same time, vibration dose values significantly decreased along the z-axis of the lumbar spine and ITs by 43.0% (p < 0.05) and 34.5% (p < 0.01). This reduction in WBV allows more sustained driving than permitted by conventional seating devices, by several hours, before sustaining unacceptable WBV levels. Such seating devices, implemented in large trucks and other high-vibration vehicles, may reduce the risk of WBV-related musculoskeletal disorders among drivers.
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267
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Byun T, Karimi M, Marsh JL, Milovanovic T, Lin F, Holcombe RF. Expression of secreted Wnt antagonists in gastrointestinal tissues: potential role in stem cell homeostasis. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:515-9. [PMID: 15858124 PMCID: PMC1770654 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.018598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signalling dysregulation has been implicated in cancer, including colon and gastric cancer. Initiation of Wnt signalling is modulated by soluble Wnt antagonists (sWAs), including soluble frizzled related proteins, dickkopf (Dkk) proteins, and Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (Wif1). AIMS To evaluate the role of sWAs in upper (gastric) and lower (colon) gastrointestinal tract tumorigenesis. METHODS Dkk1-3, Wif1, and FrzB expression was evaluated by in situ RNA hybridisation on normal and malignant human gastric and colon tissues. Expression was graded semiquantitatively. RESULTS Wif1, Dkk1, and Dkk2 were not expressed in normal gastric tissue. Dkk3 was expressed in some samples, with stronger expression in deep gastric glands. FrzB was expressed in several normal gastric samples, but not in matched tumour specimens. In contrast, Dkk1 and FrzB were not expressed in normal colon. Wif1 was expressed in most colon samples, with stronger expression at crypt bases. Dkk3 and Dkk2 expression was also concentrated at crypt bases. There were no differences between sWA expression in malignant colon and matched normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS sWA expression differed between upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. The loss of FrzB in gastric cancer suggests that it acts as a tumour suppressor. The graded expression of Dkk3 in gastric tissue, and Dkk2, Dkk3, and Wif1 in colon tissue, with increased expression in the deep gastric glands/colonic crypt bases, where gastrointestinal stem cells reside, suggests that sWAs may be crucial Wnt signalling regulators in these tissues, and may contribute to stem cell pool maintenance. sWAs are important components of the gastrointestinal proliferative regulatory network.
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268
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Ma J, Lin F, Qin W, Wang P. Differential response of four cyanobacterial and green algal species to triazophos, fentin acetate, and ethephon. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2004; 73:890-897. [PMID: 15669734 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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269
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Zhao L, Tang D, Lin F, Zhao B. Observation of period-doubling bifurcations in a femtosecond fiber soliton laser with dispersion management cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2004; 12:4573-4578. [PMID: 19484008 DOI: 10.1364/opex.12.004573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of period-doubling bifurcation and period-doubling route to chaos in a femtosecond soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. Increasing energy of the solitons circulating in the laser cavity, it was revealed that the intensity pattern of the output solitons experiences a period doubling route to chaos. Period-doubling route to chaos is a universal property of the nonlinear dynamic systems transiting from a stable state to a chaotic state. This experimental result shows that the nonlinear propagation of soliton pulses in the laser cavity is an intrinsic dynamic process, which follows the universal laws of the nonlinear dynamic systems.
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Ma J, Lin F, Wang S, Xu L. Acute toxicity assessment of 20 herbicides to the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2004; 72:1164-1171. [PMID: 15362445 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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271
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Wang YF, Lin F, Pang WQ. Crystal structure of diethylenetriamine-penta[zinc(II),cobalt(II)]tetra-phosphate,(C4H14N3)(Zn44.o4Coo.96)( PO4)4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2004. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2004.219.14.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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272
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Meli M, Kipar A, Müller C, Jenal K, Gönczi E, Borel N, Gunn-Moore D, Chalmers S, Lin F, Reinacher M, Lutz H. High viral loads despite absence of clinical and pathological findings in cats experimentally infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and in naturally FCoV-infected cats. J Feline Med Surg 2004; 6:69-81. [PMID: 15123151 PMCID: PMC7128724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Specified pathogen-free cats were naturally infected with FCoV or experimentally infected with FCoV type I. Seroconversion was determined and the course of infection was monitored by measuring the FCoV loads in faeces, whole blood, plasma and/or monocytes. Tissue samples collected at necropsy were examined for viral load and histopathological changes. Experimentally infected animals started shedding virus as soon as 2 days after infection. They generally displayed the highest viral loads in colon, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Seroconversion occurred 3-4 weeks post infection. Naturally infected cats were positive for FCoV antibodies and monocyte-associated FCoV viraemia prior to death. At necropsy, most animals tested positive for viral shedding and FCoV RNA was found in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and bone marrow. Both experimentally and naturally infected cats remained clinically healthy. Pathological findings were restricted to generalized lymphatic hyperplasia. These findings demonstrate the presence of systemic FCoV infection with high viral loads in the absence of clinical and pathological signs.
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Bushnell CD, Newby LK, Goldstein LB, Lin F, Yaffe K, Simon JA. Statin use and stroke outcomes in the Heart and Estrogen-Progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Neurology 2004; 62:968-70. [PMID: 15037702 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000115171.46508.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors investigated the relationship between statin use and the risk of stroke in the Heart and Estrogen-Progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Despite large reductions in relative risk point estimates, statin use was not associated with differences in the risks of all fatal stroke (relative hazard [RH] 0.52, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.18, p = 0.12), fatal ischemic stroke (RH 0.51, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.45, p = 0.21), fatal hemorrhagic stroke (RH 0.18, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.46, p = 0.11), or TIA (RH 1.32, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.09, p = 0.23).
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274
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Lin F. Compiling Causal Theories to Successor State Axioms and STRIPS-Like Systems. J ARTIF INTELL RES 2003. [DOI: 10.1613/jair.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a system for specifying the effects of actions. Unlike those commonly used in AI planning, our system uses an action description language that allows one to specify the effects of actions using domain rules, which are state constraints that can entail new action effects from old ones. Declaratively, an action domain in our language corresponds to a nonmonotonic causal theory in the situation calculus. Procedurally, such an action domain is compiled into a set of logical theories, one for each action in the domain, from which fully instantiated successor state-like axioms and STRIPS-like systems are then generated. We expect the system to be a useful tool for knowledge engineers writing action specifications for classical AI planning systems, GOLOG systems, and other systems where formal specifications of actions are needed.
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Ma J, Lin F, Wang S, Xu L. Toxicity of 21 herbicides to the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2003; 71:594-601. [PMID: 14567587 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-8521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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