Father's influence on his daughter's marijuana use viewed in a mother and peer context

A study of the fathers' impact on their daughters' marijuana use is presented viewed in the context of the mother and the daughters' peer group. Four hundred and three female college student volunteers and their fathers were administered closed-ended questionnaires which included a number of scales assessing various parental and peer characteristics. The results indicated that the domain (set) of paternal variables had a direct impact on daughters' marijuana use independent of the effects of the maternal domain. However, in the case of the peer group, the fathers' effects on daughters' marijuana use were not direct but were mediated through the peer domain. In addition, individual protective (nondrug-conducive) paternal variables served to mitigate the effects of certain maternal and peer risk (drug conductive) factors on the daughters' marijuana use. The findings underscore the importance of identifying those paternal factors that exert an influence on the daughters' marijuana use alone or in combination with other interpersonal (maternal, peer) factors.

Paternal correlates of adolescent marijuana use in the context of the mother-son and parental dyads

This study was designed to examine the paternal determinants of male adolescent marijuana use in the context of the mother-son and parental relationships. In addition, parental factors affecting experimental vs regular use of marijuana were examined. Two hundred forty-six male college students and their fathers were administered written questionnaires. Results indicated that the father's personality attributes and socialization techniques are associated with the son's use of marijuana despite control on the mother-son relationship. Fathers of marijuana users score higher on measures of psychopathology and unconventionality, and are less likely to have established close relationships with their sons. In addition, marijuana users more than nonusers have unaffectionate mothers and parents with less harmonious marital relations. Also of importance were interactions within the family system. The significance of these second-order effects highlights the importance of examining the father-son relation in the context of mother-son and parental interactions.

Fathers and sons: their relationship and personality characteristics associated with the son's smoking behavior

The purpose of the present study was to examine the interrelationship of the domains of father personality attributes, father socialization techniques, and adolescent personality attributes, and the son's use of tobacco. A sample of 246 male adolescents and their fathers from intact homes was administered questionnaires. Two main findings emerged. First, each of the three domains was significantly associated with the son's tobacco use despite control on the remaining domains. Second, the effectiveness of the father may interact synergistically with or be mitigated by the son's personality attributes in its association with the son's tobacco use. In concert, the findings support the importance of examining the father-son relationship for a greater understanding of the son's tobacco use.

Depressive mood in male college students. Father-son interactional patterns

This study was designed to investigate the interrelationship of sets of paternal and adolescent factors in explaining depressive mood in normal male adolescents. Two hundred forty-six male college students and their fathers were administered separate, written questionnaires assessing the personality attributes of both fathers and sons and the socialization practices of the fathers. Results of regression analyses indicated that of three hypothesized models (independent, mediational, interdependent) the mediational model was consistent with the data. Thus, we found that the father's personality attributes and his socialization techniques are related to the son's personality, which, in turn, is related to the son's depressive mood. In addition, certain personality attributes of the son interacted synergistically with those of his father to produce more frequent reports of depressive mood in the son.

Older brother's influence on younger sibling's drug use

This study examined the sibling relationship "having an older brother" and its effect on the younger sibling's stage of drug use. Sibling effects were examined in the context of the younger sibling's peer group. Data collected on 339 9th and 10th grade students indicated that domains of older sibling and peer factors each had independent lines of relationship to the younger sibling's drug use. The older brother's impact on his younger sibling's drug use varied, depending on friends' drug use, sex of the younger sibling, and whether or not the younger sibling identified with the older brother.

Paternal and peer characteristics: interactions and association with male college students' marijuana use

This study investigated the relationships and interactions of fathers' personality/behavioral attributes, their childrearing practices, and adolescent peer influences and their associations with the adolescent sons' use of marijuana. Male college students ( N = 246) and their fathers were administered written questionnaires. Analysis indicated that paternal personality/behavioral and childrearing variables were associated with peer factors, which in turn were related to the sons' marijuana use. Certain paternal drug models were associated with the adolescents' having friends who used drugs. In addition, the sons' lack of conscious identification with their fathers was associated with a peer rather than a parental orientation. The results on father-peer interactions suggested that the peer group impact on the adolescents' marijuana use may be affected by paternal factors.

Qualitative and quantitative aspects of adolescent drug use: interplay of personality, family, and peer correlates

The purpose of this study was to examine domains of personality, family, and peer variables and their relationship to the qualitative (stage) and quantitative (frequency) aspects of adolescents' drug use. Black (245) and white (418) high school freshmen and sophomores served as subjects. Analysis indicated that the same personality and peer factors differentiated between the quantitative as well as the qualitative drug groups. However, more family variables were related to stage than to frequency of use. Several models were proposed for examining the interrelationships of the three domains and associations with stage and frequency of drug use. The data supported an independent model for the stage groups; that is, each of the three domains (personality, family, and peer) was associated with the adolescents' stage of drug use independent of the latter's relationship with the remaining domains. For the frequency groups, the data supported a mediational model; that is, the family and personality domains were associated with the peer domain which in turn was associated with frequency of drug use. One interpretation advanced is that stage of drug use is sensitive to an array of factors from all three domains whereas the frequency with which adolescents use the drug depends on the current influence of the peer group.

The role of the father in his son's marijuana use

In order to explore perceived paternal correlates of adolescent marijuana use (both alone and in interaction with perceived maternal correlates), 71 adolescent boys were interviewed with a questionnaire assessing their perception of paternal and maternal warmth, child-centeredness, control through guilt, autonomy, and identification. The results showed users are less likely to perceive their fathers as affectionate and child-centered. The absence of both paternal tolerance in control and maternal affection is also associated with adolescent marijuana use. The results are discussed in terms of the possible impact of the father in the context of the family on the adolescent's marijuana use.

Initiation into adolescent marijuana use

In this longitudinal study, the relationship of three domains (personality/attitudinal orientations, peer relationships, and family socialization factors) with initiation into adolescent marijuana use was examined. One hundred and eighty-three adolescent boys and girls and their mothers were interviewed when the adolescents were 13-17 years old and again three years later. The results indicate that the domains of personality and family (with control on the other two domains and demographic variables) each appear to be related to subsequent involvement with marijuana. In contrast, the peer domain is not significantly associated with initiation into marijuana use once personality, family, and demographic clusters are controlled. However, the interaction of maternal demographic clusters are controlled. However, the interaction of maternal conventionality and peer marijuana use was related to initiation into marijuana use.

Family socialization and adolescent personality and their association with adolescent use of marijuana

This study examines family socialization practices and adolescent personality/attitudinal characteristics, their interrelation, and association with adolescent use of marijuana. Two hundred and eighty-four adolescents and their mothers served as Ss. As hypothesized, parental socialization factors and adolescent personality/attitudinal attributes each had an independent effect on adolescent use of marijuana and each comprised its own set of sufficient conditions for adolescent marijuana use.

Peer, family, and personality domains as related to adolescents drug behavior

Three models (interdependent, mediational, and independent) for examining the interrelations of personality and interpersonal (peer and family) factors and their effect on adolescents' drug behavior are identified. 403 adolescents participated in the study. Results show support for the independent model; each of the three domains (personality, peer, and family) had an impact on adolescents' drug behavior independent of the latter's relation with the remaining two domains. Some theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Correlates of adolescent marijuana use as related to age, sex, and ethnicity

This study examines the interactive effects of background factors and personality/attitudinal and perceived environmental dimensions on adolescent drug behavior. Data were collected during home interviews using a structured interview schedule. The sample consisted of 403 British West Indian black, American black, and white adolescents, ranging in age from 13 to 17. Results suggested that two processes, nonconformity to conventional middle class values at both the personality/attitudinal and institutional level, and modeling of familial and peer drug use account in large part for adolescent drug behavior. The majority of correlates of adolescent drug behavior were similar in different sex, age, and ethnic groups.