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Guimarães HC, Fialho PPA, Carvalho VA, Dos Santos EL, Caramelli P. Brazilian caregiver version of the Apathy Scale. Dement Neuropsychol 2009; 3:321-326. [PMID: 29213647 PMCID: PMC5619419 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
No Brazilian version of a specific scale for evaluating apathy in dementia is
available.
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277
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Castro S, Damin AE, Porto CS, Caramelli P, Nitrini R. The abbreviated form of the Brief Cognitive Battery in the diagnosis of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2009; 3:327-331. [PMID: 29213648 PMCID: PMC5619420 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brief Cognitive Battery (BCB) developed by our group for cognitive assessment
of low educated individuals has also shown to be highly accurate in diagnosing
dementia of individuals with medium or high levels of education, making it a
useful tool for populations with heterogeneous educational background. The
application of BCB takes around eight minutes, a rather long period for a
screening test.
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278
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Viana BDM, Bawden FC, Valladares Neto DDC, Caramelli P. Violent sleepwalking in a general hospital ward: a case report. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2009; 31:281-2. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462009000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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279
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Shimizu MM, Raicher I, Takahashi DY, Caramelli P, Nitrini R. Disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: caregivers' opinions in a Brazilian sample. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 66:625-30. [PMID: 18949252 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2008000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a contentious issue, and has been little studied in developing countries. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of socio-demographic factors and the experience of being a caregiver on opinion about disclosing AD diagnosis to the patient in a Brazilian sample. METHOD Caregivers of 50 AD patients together with 50 control participants that did not have the experience of being a caregiver of AD patient were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Most of the participants (73.0%) endorsed disclosure of the diagnosis, while caregivers were less prone to disclose (58.0%) than controls (88.0%; p=0.0007). Logistic regression confirmed that only the experience of being a caregiver was associated with a lesser tendency for disclosure endorsement. CONCLUSION The majority of participants was in favor of disclosing the diagnosis, but caregivers were less willing to disclose the diagnosis to the AD patient.
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280
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Guimarães HC, Levy R, Teixeira AL, Beato RG, Caramelli P. Neurobiology of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 66:436-43. [PMID: 18641892 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2008000300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is considered the most frequent neuropsychiatric disturbance in dementia and its outcome is generally deleterious. Apathy can be related to a dysfunction of the anatomical-system that supports the generation of voluntary actions, namely the prefrontal cortex and/or the prefrontal-subcortical circuits. In Alzheimer's disease, pathological and neuroimaging data indicate that apathy is likely due to a dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, in this review article, we propose a pathophysiological model to explain apathetic behavior in Alzheimer's disease, combining data from neuroimaging, neuropathology and experimental research on the role of orbito-frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia and dopamine in decision-making neurobiology.
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281
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Areza‐Fegyveres R, Caramelli P, Porto CS, Ono C, Buchpiguel CA, Nitrini R. P4‐238: The syndrome of progressive posterior cortical dysfunction: A multiple case study. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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282
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Barbosa MT, Caramelli P, Teixeira AL, Santos AP, Pellizzaro M, João Carlos BM, Beato RG, Guimarães HC, Marra H, Fonseca SR, França E, Coutinho CF, Dezontini NF, Almeida MA, Moreira CV, Koenig AM, Carvalho VA, Machado TH, Fialho PP, Santos EL, Cunningham MQ, Maia DP, Sakurai E. P3‐164: Successful brain aging in a cohort of oldest old in Brazil: The Pietà study. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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283
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Teixeira AL, Caramelli P, Barbosa MT, Santos AP, Pellizzaro M, Beato RG, Guimarães HC, João Carlos BM, Marra H, França E, Coutinho CF, Moreira CV, Almeida MA, Dezontini NF, Fonseca SR, Koenig AM, Santos EL, Fialho PP, Machado TH, Carvalho VA, Cunningham MQ, Maia DP, Sakurai E. P3‐165: Prevalence of major psychiatric disorders in a cohort of oldest old in Brazil: The Pietà study. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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284
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Starling D, Gomes M, Fonseca S, Almeida M, Teixeira AL, Silva T, Caramelli P. P3‐026: Citomorphologic and biochemical analysis of the CSF and oral mucosa in Alzheimer's disease: Potential diagnostic application. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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285
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Fialho PPA, Koenig AM, Dos Santos EL, Guimarães HC, Beato RG, Carvalho VA, Machado TH, Caramelli P. Dementia caregiver burgen in a brasilian sample: Association to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Dement Neuropsychol 2009; 3:132-135. [PMID: 29213624 PMCID: PMC5619231 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking care of elderly demented individuals, especially when they present behavioral changes, can be very exhaustive for both family and caregivers. Generally, this leads to changes in the family lifestyle, and the caregiver must deal with a range of problems. Information on this topic in Latin America, including Brazil, remains scarce. Objective To investigate the relationship between the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the level of caregiver burden in a group of Brazilian elderly with dementia. Methods The Brazilian versions of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) and of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were administered to a total of 83 family-caregivers of patients with dementia followed at a university-affiliated outpatient clinic. Pearson's correlations were calculated to measure the level of association between the scores on both instruments. Results Among the caregivers, 83.1% were women, and had a mean age of 55.6±12.8 years. The ZBI scores ranged from 3 to 79 (mean=31.4). Patients' NPI scores ranged from 0 to 102 (mean=26.9), consistent with a significant degree of behavioral manifestations in most patients. A significant positive correlation was found between ZBI and NPI scores (r=0.402; p=0.000). Conclusion The presence and severity of behavioral manifestations assessed by the NPI were associated with a high level of caregiver burden in this sample of Brazilian elderly with dementia.
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286
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Dias FMV, Doyle FC, Kummer A, Cardoso F, Caramelli P, Teixeira AL. Executive functioning in patients with blepharospasm in comparison with patients with hemifacial spasm. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 67:12-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2009000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-motor symptoms have been described in primary dystonia, but the results on cognitive impairment in this condition are discordant. Blepharospasm (BM) is a type of primary focal dystonia characterized by recurrent and involuntary eye blinking. Hemifacial spasm (HS), a condition with different pathophysiology, constitutes an adequate control group when investigating non-motor disturbances in BM. OBJECTIVE:To compare the performance of patients with BM and HS in the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). METHOD: Twenty-two patients with BM and 29 patients with HS were submitted to the FAB and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). FAB scores were compared between the two groups. Correlations between FAB and sociodemographic and clinical variables were calculated. RESULTS: BM group was not different from HS in relation to gender, age, length of symptoms, educational level and performance in the MMSE. FAB scores were also similar in both groups. FAB scores correlated negatively with age and positively with educational level and MMSE scores. CONCLUSION: Executive functioning as assessed by FAB is not altered in BM in comparison with HS.
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287
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Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) or hepatolenticular degeneration is a rare, genetic and
systemic disease, caused by a deficit in the metabolism of copper, leading to
its accumulation in different organs, mainly the liver, followed by the central
nervous system, especially the basal ganglia. When symptoms begin between the
second and third decades of life, approximately 50% of the patients show
neurological symptoms. Although dystonia and dysarthria are the most common
neurological signs, cognitive changes have been reported since the first cases
were described in 1912. Memory change is one of the most common impairments, but
other cognitive changes have been reported, including dementia in untreated
cases. In this article we review the cognitive changes in WD patients and the
occurrence of dementia.
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288
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Machado TH, Fichman HC, Santos EL, Carvalho VA, Fialho PP, Koenig AM, Fernandes CS, Lourenço RA, Paradela EMDP, Caramelli P. Normative data for healthy elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency task - FAS. Dement Neuropsychol 2009; 3:55-60. [PMID: 29213611 PMCID: PMC5619033 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phonemic verbal fluency tests assess the production of words beginning with specific letters. Of these letters, the most frequently used are F, A and S. It is a sensitive test for assessing frontal lobe functions. Objective To provide normative data for the elderly Brazilian population on the FAS test and to investigate the effects of age and schooling on test performance. Methods The individuals were divided into three age groups (60-69, 70-79 and =80 years), and into four groups according to education (1-3, 4-7, 8-11 and 12 years). All subjects were assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination and the FAS. Data were analyzed with Student's t test, ANOVA, simple linear regression and Spearman's correlation. Results We evaluated 345 cognitively healthy volunteers, 66.66% being female, aged 60 to 93 years, with an educational level ranging from one to 24 years. The average (number of items) ±SD for the whole sample was 28.28±11.53. No significant effect of gender was observed (p=0.5). Performance on the MMSE and education exerted a direct influence on FAS scores (p<0.001), with education being the most significant factor. A positive correlation was found between FAS and the MMSE (r=0.404; p<0.001). Conclusion The performance of Brazilian elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency tests-FAS is significantly influenced by education, where individuals with higher educational level present better performance than those with fewer years of schooling. Age and gender did not prove significant with the FAS.
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289
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Fichman HC, Fernandes CS, Nitrini R, Lourenço RA, Paradela EMDP, Carthery-Goulart MT, Caramelli P. Age and educational level effects on the performance of normal elderly on category verbal fluency tasks. Dement Neuropsychol 2009; 3:49-54. [PMID: 29213610 PMCID: PMC5619032 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline, particularly executive dysfunction, is observed in normal aging. In Brazil, the elderly population presents broad educational diversity. Category verbal fluency tests are frequently used to detect cognitive impairment, assessing executive function, language and semantic memory. Objective To investigate the effects of age and education on category animal fluency task (CAF) in healthy elderly. Methods We evaluated 319 healthy elderly from outpatient care units of two university reference centers of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The sample was divided into two age, and five schooling subgroups. To be included participants had to demonstrate preservation of global cognitive functioning, independence for activities of daily living and not fulfill diagnostic criteria for dementia. All participants were submitted to neurological and neuropsychological evaluations. Results There was a correlation between age and CAF performance (r= -0.26, p<0.01), which was not confirmed when years of education were included as a covariant in univariate ANCOVA. Significant differences were found in CAF performance among the different educational level groups on correlation analysis (r=0.42, p<0.01) and ANCOVA analysis (F=18.8, p<0.05). Illiteracy was associated with worst CAF performance, while university level was associated with best performance. Conclusion The best CAF performance was found in the first years of schooling (literacy learning process) compared to illiteracy, and when finishing high school and starting university courses compared to all other educational levels. These stages are associated with significant gains in semantic memory and executive function which are critical for verbal fluency performance.
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290
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Marcourakis T, Bahia VS, Kawamoto EM, Munhoz CD, Gorjão R, Artes R, Kok F, Caramelli P, Nitrini R, Curi R, Scavone C. Apolipoprotein E genotype is related to nitric oxide production in platelets. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 26:852-8. [PMID: 18846579 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is considered a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our recent data demonstrated that the systemic modulation of oxidative stress in platelets and erythrocytes is disrupted in aging and AD. In this study, the relationship between APOE genotype and oxidative stress markers, both in AD patients and controls, was evaluated. The AD group showed an increase in the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and in the activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and Na, K-ATPase, when compared to controls. Both groups had a similar cGMP content and superoxide dismutase activity. APOE epsilon4 allele carriers showed higher NOS activity than non-carriers. These results suggest a possible influence of APOE genotype on nitric oxide (NO) production that might enhance the effects of age-related specific factor(s) associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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291
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Vilela LP, Caramelli P. Knowledge of the definition of euthanasia: study with doctors and caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2009; 55:263-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302009000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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292
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Matioli MNPS, Caramelli P, Marques BD, da Rocha FD, de Castro MCC, Yamashita SR, Soares ADM. EXIT25 - Executive interview applied to a cognitively healthy elderly population with heterogeneous educational background. Dement Neuropsychol 2008; 2:305-309. [PMID: 29213590 PMCID: PMC5619085 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Education interferes with the performance in most cognitive tests, including
executive function assessment.
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293
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Abstract
Although growing, the literature on research into attitudes of general and specialized physicians towards disclosing the diagnosis of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), or the current practice on AD disclosure, remains limited. Moreover, information is also scarce on what caregivers, or indeed patients themselves, wish to know with regard to their diagnosis. The goal of the present article was to present a review of the current available literature on the topic of truth telling in dementia, especially in AD. The studies discussed in this review were mainly conducted in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom, as well as the United States. Disclosure of AD diagnosis is not a common practice among physicians. In the clinical context, the discussion on diagnosis disclosure can be valuable for improving the care of AD patients and their families.
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294
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de Souza-Talarico JN, Chaves EC, Nitrini R, Caramelli P. Stress and coping in older people with Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Nurs 2008; 18:457-65. [PMID: 19077019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate stress intensity and coping style in older people with mild Alzheimer's disease. BACKGROUND The potential risk assessment of a stress event and the devising of coping strategies are dependent on cognitive function. Although older individuals with Alzheimer's disease present significant cognitive impairment, little is known about how these individuals experience stress events and select coping strategies in stress situations. DESIGN Survey. METHOD A convenient sample of 30 cognitively healthy older people and 30 individuals with mild Alzheimer's disease were given an assessment battery of stress indicators (Symptom Stress List, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), coping style (Jalowiec Coping Scale) and cognitive performance (mini-mental state exam) were applied in both groups. Statistical analysis of the data employed the Mann-Whitney test to compare medians of stress indicators and coping style, Fischer's exact test to compare proportions when expected frequencies were lower than five, and Spearman's correlation coefficient to verify correlation between coping style and cognitive performance. RESULTS Both groups suffered from the same stress intensity (p = 0.254). Regarding coping styles, although differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.124), emotion-oriented coping was predominant in the patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, those individuals displaying better cognitive performance in the Alzheimer's disease group had selected coping strategies focused on problem solving (p = 0.0074). CONCLUSIONS Despite a tendency for older people with Alzheimer's disease to select escape strategies and emotional control, rather than attempting to resolve or lesser the consequences arising from a problem, coping ultimately depends on cognitive performance of the individual. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings of this study provide information and data to assist planning of appropriate support care for individuals with Alzheimer's disease who experience stress situations, based on their cognitive performance.
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295
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Porto CS, Bahia VS, Brucki SMD, Caramelli P, Nitrini R. Neuropsychological differences between frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2008; 2:223-227. [PMID: 29213575 PMCID: PMC5619470 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment is the main clinical feature in Alzheimer disease (AD), whereas
in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) behavioral and language disorders
predominate.
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296
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Nitrini R, Albala C, Bottino CM, Custodio N, Ketzoian C, Rodriguez JJ, Maestre GE, Ramos-Cerqueira AT, Caramelli P. P4‐045: Prevalence of dementia in Latin America: A collaborative study of population‐based cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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297
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Fegyveres RA, Formigoni AP, Porto CS, Goulart MTC, Senaha MLH, Brucki SMD, Bahia VS, Caramelli P, Smid J, Nogueira NDP, Greven SMG, Mansur LL, Nitrini R. Applicability of a cognitive questionnaire in the elderly and proxy. Dement Neuropsychol 2008; 2:228-232. [PMID: 29213576 PMCID: PMC5619471 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly with the Proxy (IQCODE) was developed as a screening tool for cognition alterations. OBJECTIVES 1) To verify the applicability of IQCODE in the elderly with limited schooling,2) To verify the reliability of the responses supplied by the aged and their proxies. METHODS Individuals of a Community Group were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), IQCODE and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The IQCODE was applied to informants and proxies. RESULTS We analyzed 44 individuals, aged between 58-82 years (M=66.8, SD=5.97) with mean elderly-schooling level of 3.75, SD=2.82 and 44 proxies aged 44.5 (SD=13.3), with mean schooling level of 8.25 (SD=4.3). The mean GDS was 8.22, SD=4.90 and 13 participants presented a score suggestive of depressive symptoms. The mean elderly IQCODE score was 3.26, SD=0.69 and 3.21, SD=0.65, for proxy responses. There was no statistical difference between these means. On the MMSE, the mean score was 24.20, SD=4.14 and 18 participants presented scores below the cut-off. The IQCODE answers by the elderly in this latter group were more congruent with MMSE than the answers of proxies. CONCLUSIONS The applicability of the IQCODE in a population with little schooling was verified in that the proxy-report was similar to the elderly report. We can affirm that the elderly answers were more accurate than the proxies, as they were closer to MMSE score. The inclusion of a greater number of participants from community-dwelling settings is necessary to confirm the results obtained in this study.
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298
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Souza-Talarico JN, Caramelli P, Nitrini R, Chaves EC. P1‐382: Cortisol levels and memory impairment in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer′s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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299
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Senaha ML, Caramelli P, Porto CS, Nitrini R. P3‐179: Language‐based dementia: A cross‐sectional study of 55 patients. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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300
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Novelli MMPC, Nitrini R, Caramelli P. P3‐430: Impact of cognitive impairment on the reliability and construct validation of the QOL‐AD scale. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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