301
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Expression of preproopiomelanocortin mRNA and preprodynorphin mRNA in brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1997; 18:391-4. [PMID: 10322923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the expressions of prepropiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and preprodynorphin (PPD) mRNA between 16-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). METHODS The expression of POMC mRNA and PPD mRNA were detected with nonradioactive in situ hybridization by digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe. RESULTS POMC mRNA mainly was expressed in arcuate nucleus, compared with WKY, SHR had higher level of POMC mRNA (542). PPD mRNA was found in hippocampus, hypothalamus, central gray, nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and thoracic spinal cord (T4-T6). Compared with WKY, PPD mRNA level of SHR decreased in dentate gyrus (2342), NTS (381), and medial preoptic area (467); no difference was observed in arcuate nucleus (263), thoracic spinal cord (750-1800) and CA1, CA2, CA3 of hippocampus (1674, 2014, 2626). CONCLUSION Increase of POMC mRNA in arcuate nucleus and decrease of PPD mRNA in dentate gyrus of SHR may be associated with the genesis of spontaneous hypertension.
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Langlands K, Yin X, Anand G, Prochownik EV. Differential interactions of Id proteins with basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:19785-93. [PMID: 9242638 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.32.19785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimerization of three Id proteins (Id1, Id2, and Id3) with the four class A E proteins (E12, E47, E2-2, and HEB) and two groups of class B proteins, the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs: MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5 and MRF4/Myf-6), and the hematopoietic factors (Scl/Tal-1, Tal-2, and Lyl-1) were tested in a quantitative yeast 2-hybrid assay. All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins, but a much broader range of interactions was observed between Ids and the class B factors. Id1 and Id2 interacted strongly with MyoD and Myf-5 and weakly with myogenin and MRF4/Myf-6, whereas Id3 interacted weakly with all four MRFs. Similar specificities were observed in co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian 2-hybrid analyses. No interactions were found between the Ids and any of the hematopoietic factors. Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo. Finally, mutagenesis experiments showed that the differences between Id1 and Id3 binding map to three amino acids in the first helix and to a small cluster of upstream residues. The Id proteins thus display a signature range of interactions with all of their potential dimerization partners and may play a role in myogenesis which is distinct from that in hematopoiesis.
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303
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Anand G, Yin X, Shahidi AK, Grove L, Prochownik EV. Novel regulation of the helix-loop-helix protein Id1 by S5a, a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:19140-51. [PMID: 9235903 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.31.19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Id proteins negatively regulate the dimerization, DNA binding, and biological properties of basic helix-loop-helix proteins. In a search for novel factors that interact with Id1, we identified a component of the 26 S proteasome, S5a, that has previously been implicated only in the recognition of ubiquitinated polypeptides destined for proteolysis. S5a interacts strongly with Id1, less strongly with the basic helix-loop-helix proteins MyoD and E12, and not at all with other Id proteins. S5a restores DNA binding by MyoD-Id1 and E12-Id1 heterodimers, enhances DNA binding by MyoD and E12 homodimers, and reverses Id1-mediated repression of the muscle creatine kinase promoter during myogenic differentiation. Mutagenesis experiments showed that amino acids flanking the helix-loop-helix domain plus three residues in the first helix of Id1 impart S5a recognition. This requires only the NH2-terminal half of S5a. S5a thus appears to promote the positive regulation of myogenic genes through ubiquitin-independent mechanisms involving inhibition of Id1 and the enhancement of DNA binding by MyoD and E12. This latter property may permit the selection of novel promoter binding sites during myogenesis.
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304
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Breckenridge SM, Yin X, Rosenfeld JM, Yu YH. Analytical derivatizations of volatile and hydrophilic carbonyls from aqueous matrix onto a solid phase of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene macroreticular resin. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 694:289-96. [PMID: 9252042 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and derivatization of carbonyls to benzyloximes, pentafluorobenzyloximes or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones is simplified and reaction times are substantially reduced by simultaneous sorption and derivatization from aqueous solution onto a solid phase. In this reaction a macroreticular polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin acts as a sorbent and catalyst to allow simultaneous extraction and derivatization of hydrophilic and lipophilic aldehydes and ketones from simple as well as complex matrices including plasma. Conversion to the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones or pentafluorobenzyloximation at ambient temperature requires 10 and 20 min, respectively. These reaction conditions correspond to at least a 6-fold reduction in reaction times for derivatization of the reactive aldelhydes and a 36-72-fold reduction for preparation of derivatives for the slower reacting ketones.
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305
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Abstract
A plaque technique that uses antibiotic-resistant bacteria growing on antibiotic-containing agar for the assay lawn resulted in significantly better recovery of bacteriophages P1 of Escherichia coli and F116 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nonsterile soil than standard membrane filtration or centrifugation techniques. Adsorption of the phages on soil particles appeared to be involved in their recovery and survival in soil.
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306
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Guan Q, Yin X, Wang J, Wei J, Liu Y. The Electrical Degradation and Coloration in Iron Doped KTa1-xNbxO3 Single Crystals. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170320615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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307
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Yin X, Zhang D. [Clinical observation of TMJDS treated with pivot splint]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1996; 31:357-9. [PMID: 9592292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pivot splint was applied to 50 patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome that included 30 patients of anterior disc displacement without reduction, 12 patients of anteriordisc displacement with partial reduction and 8 patients of upward condyle displacement. The mouth opening and joint space of the TMJ tomographies before and after treatment were measured for each case. The results indicated that treatment with pivot splint was very effective for the patients with downward diplacemenr of the condyle. As a result, among 50 patients, 36 patients were cured (72%) and 14 patients were improved (28%). The results of 3 years follow-up indicated that original symptoms of the patients had no recurrence.
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308
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Xu S, Xie Y, Pan Q, Luo Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Gu J, Ge Y, Yin X, Wang C, Xing Z, Chen X. Low lying states in 153Ho and 157Tm from electron capture and beta + decay of 153Er and 157Yb. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 54:1481-1484. [PMID: 9971486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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309
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Yin X, Shen J, Lang J. [Modern veiws on pathological classification, therapy and the factors affecting prognosis in endometrial cancer]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 1996; 31:508-11. [PMID: 9275447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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310
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Yin X, Hoffmann E, Lüdke C. Differential determination of arsenic (III) and total arsenic with L-cysteine as prereductant using a flow injection non-dispersive atomic absorption device. Anal Bioanal Chem 1996; 355:324-6. [PMID: 15045400 DOI: 10.1007/s0021663550324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1995] [Revised: 01/31/1996] [Accepted: 02/03/1996] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Speciation of arsenic in environmental samples gains increasingly importance, as the toxic effects of arsenic are related to its oxidation state. A method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of arsenic (III) and total arsenic by flow injection hydride generation coupled with an in-house made non-dispersive AAS device. The total arsenic is determined after prereduction of arsenic (V) to arsenic (III) with L-cysteine in a low concentration of hydrochloric, acetic or nitric acid. The conditions for the prereduction, hydride generation and atomization were systematically investigated. A quartz tube temperature of 800 degrees C was found to be optimum in view of peak shape and baseline stability. Pb(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Ag(I), Al(III), Ga(II), Se(IV), Bi(III) were checked for interfering with the 2 microg/L As(V) signal. A serious signal depression was only observed for Se(IV) and Bi(III) at a 150-fold excess. With the above system, arsenic was determined at a sampling frequency of about 1/min with a detection limit (3sigma) of 0.01 microg/L using a 0.5 mL sample. The reagent blank was 0.001+/-0.0003 absorbance units and the standard deviation of 10 measurements of the 2 microg/l As signal was found to be 1.2%. Results obtained for standard reference materials and water samples are in good agreement with the certified values and those obtained by ICP-MS
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311
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Trapp BD, Haney C, Yin X. Molecular pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1996; 152:314-9. [PMID: 8881422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies can result from a failure to form or maintain the myelin internode or from autoimmune-mediated demyelination. Several gene defects responsible for the most common inherited human peripheral neuropathies referred to as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease have been reported. These studies identified PMP-22 and connexin-32 as proteins that are essentiel for normal myelination. Point mutations in Po protein, PMP-22, and connexin-32 have been identified as causes of inherited peripheral neuropathies. In addition, studies indicated for the first time that alterations in PMP-22 gene dosage (trisomy and monosomy) can induce inherited peripheral neuropathies. Little is known, however, about how these gene defects cause myelin pathology. This report describes the distributions of proteins within the peripheral myelin internode and discusses how these molecules contribute to the pathogenesis of inherited and autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. A better understanding of the molecular composition of the myelin internode is essential for diagnosis and treatment of human peripheral neuropathies.
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312
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Mapping of preproenkephalin mRNA in brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1996; 17:111-4. [PMID: 9772656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To detect different expression of preproenkephalin mRNA (PPE mRNA) in 16-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). METHODS Nonradioactive in situ hybridization was performed using digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe. RESULTS Compared with WKY rats, PPE mRNA levels of 16-wk-old SHR increased in hypothalamic nuclei (> 20), amygdaloid nuclei (> 23), ventrolateral central gray (21.2), reticular substantia nigra (21.5), interpeduncular nuclei (> 21), nucleus of the solitary tract (30.7), rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus (29.1), gigantocellular reticular nucleus (23.9) and thoracic spinal cord (> 30); decreased in dorsal central gray (22.7). No difference was found in compact substantia nigra (22.8), dentate gyrus (26.2) and CA1, CA2, CA3 of hippocampus (> 25). CONCLUSION PPE mRNA in brain regions involved in modulation of blood pressure may be associated with the genesis of spontaneous hypertension in SHR. Enkephalin, an endogenous ligand of opioid receptors, is important in the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of mu agonist [D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAGO) and delta agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE) increased the BP[1]. In situ hybridization study showed preproenkephalin mRNA was localized in hypothalamic nuclei, hippocampus, NTS, and spinal cord[2], where the cardiovascular regulation took place. The icv of mu agonist morphiceptin induced a pressor response in SHR but hypotension in WKY rat, and delta agonist Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr (DTLET) icv decreased BP in SHR but increased BP in WKY[3]. Compared with WKY rats, SHR had greater concentration of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) in cortex, pons, and medulla[4], but lower Leu-Enk in suprachiasmatic nucleus[5]. These studies imply that opiate system is disturbed in essential hypertension. The aim of this study is to determine whether the biosynthetic activity of CNS opiates in brain is altered in case of essential hypertension.
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313
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Yang R, Yin X, Zhang X. [Methylene blue staining in fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of bronchial tumors]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1996; 34:167-9. [PMID: 9387672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
47 patients were stained by using methylene blue in fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Of these, 35 had central lung cancer, and 12 bronchitis. 40 patients with central lung cancer were detected by general fibreoptic endoscopy. The results demonstrated that normal bronchial mucosa was not stained, 97.14% central malignant bronchial tumors stained, and 8.33% bronchitis stained. X2test showed the marked difference. Positive diagnosis was 97.06% in biopsy specimens stained, it was higher than 77.05% in the general investigated (P < 0.05). Using methylene blue in fiberoptic bronchoscopy would help diagnose central lung cancer, determine tumors limits, permit accurate biopsy. The stain was not related to the pathological classification, differentiation of cancer cells, and classification of clinical pathology (P > 0.05).
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314
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Levy HR, Vought VE, Yin X, Adams MJ. Identification of an arginine residue in the dual coenzyme-specific glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides that plays a key role in binding NADP+ but not NAD+. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996; 326:145-51. [PMID: 8579362 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1996.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides can utilize either NADP or NAD as coenzyme. The enzyme's three-dimensional structure has been solved (Rowland et al., 1994, Structure 2, 1073-1087) and shown to contain a conventional nucleotide binding domain. NADP+ was modeled into the structure by superimposing the beta alpha beta domain and that of coenzyme-bound 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Adams et al., 1994, Structure 2, 651-658), enabling us to identify Arg-46 as a potentially important residue for NADP+ binding. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we constructed mutant enzymes in which Arg-46 was replaced by glutamine (R46Q) and alanine (R46A) and examined their kinetic properties. The principal effects in these mutant enzymes were that the Km and Ki values for NADP+ increased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude over those of the wild-type enzyme. No other kinetic constant was altered more than 6.5-fold. Changing this single amino acid leads to mutant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases with coenzyme specificities that favor NAD+, whereas the wild-type enzyme prefers NADP+ as coenzyme. These results confirm that Arg-46 plays a key role in NADP+ binding by contributing a positively charged planar residue that interacts primarily with the 2'-adenosine phosphate. The Arg residue corresponding to Arg-46 in L. mesenteroides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is conserved in all glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and, presumably, plays the same role in all these enzymes.
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315
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Levy HR, Vought VE, Yin X, Adams MJ. Identification of an arginine residue in the dual coenzyme-specific glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides that plays a key role in binding NADP+ but not NAD+. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996. [PMID: 8579362 DOI: 10.1016/abbi.1996.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides can utilize either NADP or NAD as coenzyme. The enzyme's three-dimensional structure has been solved (Rowland et al., 1994, Structure 2, 1073-1087) and shown to contain a conventional nucleotide binding domain. NADP+ was modeled into the structure by superimposing the beta alpha beta domain and that of coenzyme-bound 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Adams et al., 1994, Structure 2, 651-658), enabling us to identify Arg-46 as a potentially important residue for NADP+ binding. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we constructed mutant enzymes in which Arg-46 was replaced by glutamine (R46Q) and alanine (R46A) and examined their kinetic properties. The principal effects in these mutant enzymes were that the Km and Ki values for NADP+ increased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude over those of the wild-type enzyme. No other kinetic constant was altered more than 6.5-fold. Changing this single amino acid leads to mutant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases with coenzyme specificities that favor NAD+, whereas the wild-type enzyme prefers NADP+ as coenzyme. These results confirm that Arg-46 plays a key role in NADP+ binding by contributing a positively charged planar residue that interacts primarily with the 2'-adenosine phosphate. The Arg residue corresponding to Arg-46 in L. mesenteroides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is conserved in all glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and, presumably, plays the same role in all these enzymes.
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316
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Distributions of mu and delta opioid receptors in central nervous system of SHR rats and normotensive WKY rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1996; 17:28-31. [PMID: 8737447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the distributions of opioid receptor subtypes in central nervous system of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. METHODS [3H] Ohmefentanyl (OMF), [3H]N-methyl-N-[7-(I-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro (4,5)dec-8-yl] benzeneacetamide (U-69593) and [3H]etorphine after suppression of mu and kappa-sites by 15 mumol.L-1 each of unlabeled OMF and trans-(1R,2R)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide hydrochloride (U-50 488H) were used as ligands for mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptor subtypes in autoradiography, respectively. RESULTS Delta receptors had an increase in hypothalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, caudate and interpeduncular nuclei, and a decrease in substantia nigra in SHR than in those of WKY rat. Mu receptors were less concentrated in basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, habenular nuclei and nucleus of solitary tract of SHR than in those of WKY rats. Kappa receptor density was not checked out in the present study. CONCLUSION Distribution of opioid receptor subtypes is related to hypertension of SHR, and delta opioid receptor is more important than mu opioid receptor in the maintenance of hypertension in SHR.
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317
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Yin X, Watanabe M, Rutishauser U. Effect of polysialic acid on the behavior of retinal ganglion cell axons during growth into the optic tract and tectum. Development 1995; 121:3439-46. [PMID: 7588076 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121.10.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that the polysialic acid (PSA) moiety of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) can regulate peripheral nerve branching during development. In particular, it was found that specific enzymatic removal of PSA from motor axons causes them to form tight fascicles that are less responsive to normal guidance cues. In the present study, the role of PSA in the behavior of axons in the central nervous system has been examined through an analysis of chick optic axons during development. Unlike peripheral axons, which generally grow in a PSA-free environment, PSA was found to be present both on retinal ganglion cell axons and their environment in the tract and tectum. Furthermore, the enzymatic removal of PSA from the optic axons caused them to defasciculate in the tract/tectal region. This response was morphologically similar to targeting corrections made by these axons at a later stage when PSA levels have decreased, suggesting that the PSA may serve to shield them from responding prematurely to some guidance cues in their target region.
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318
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Huang DK, Xu SF. Different distributions of opioid receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1995; 16:341-4. [PMID: 7668106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the densities of opioid receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with those of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats in central nervous system which are related to the regulation of BP. METHODS [3H] Etorphine, a nonspecific opioid ligand, was used to determine the distributions of opioid receptors in 16-wk-old SHR and WKY rats by quantitative autoradiography. RESULTS The densities of [3H]etorphine in hippocampus (P < 0.01), periaqueductal gray, nucleus of the solitary tract, and thoracic (T4-6) spinal cord (P < 0.05) of SHR were lower than those of WKY rats. But in basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (P < 0.01), habenular nuclei (P < 0.05), and hypothalamic nuclei including arcuate nucleus (P < 0.01), higher densities of opioid receptors were found in SHR. No difference existed in interpeduncular nuclei between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION The difference in distributions of opioid receptors is related to the hypertension in SHR.
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319
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Eagle LR, Yin X, Brothman AR, Williams BJ, Atkin NB, Prochownik EV. Mutation of the MXI1 gene in prostate cancer. Nat Genet 1995; 9:249-55. [PMID: 7773287 DOI: 10.1038/ng0395-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Mxi1 protein negatively regulates Myc oncoprotein activity and thus potentially serves a tumour suppressor function. MXI1 maps to chromosome 10q24-q25, a region that is deleted in some cases of prostate cancer. We have detected mutations in the retained MXI1 alleles in four primary prostate tumours with 10q24-q25 deletions. Two tumours contained inactivating mutations, whereas two others contained the identical missense mutation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization also demonstrated loss of one MXI1 allele in an additional tumour lacking chromosome 10 abnormalities. MXI1 thus displays allelic loss and mutation in some cases of prostate cancer that may contribute to the pathogenesis or neoplastic evolution of this common malignancy.
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Phencyclidine receptors in brain and spinal cord of spontaneously hypertensive rats aged 4-16 wk. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1995; 16:58-61. [PMID: 7771199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the relationship between the density of phencyclidine [1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine hydrochloride, Phe] receptor binding sites in brain and thoracic spinal cord (T4-6) and the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). METHODS The density of Phe binding sites was determined by autoradiography using [3H]Phe in 4-, 8-, 12- and 16-wk-old rats. RESULTS There were fewer Phe binding sites in the hippocampus and dorsal horn of thoracic spinal cord of SHR at 12 and 16 wk (P < 0.01), when hypertension has established; while at 4 wk of age, before the development of hypertension, more Phe binding sites were found in SHR. As blood pressure began to rise at 8 wk, SHR had more Phe binding sites in hippocampus vs WKY, but no difference was seen between 2 strains in the dorsal horn of thoracic spinal cord. CONCLUSION Phe receptors might be involved in the genesis of SHR hypertension.
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Rice PR, Yin X, Walden J, Gea-Banacloche J, Pedrotti LM, Mullen JE. Laser with injected squeezed vacuum: Phase diffusion and intensity fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:4176-4187. [PMID: 9911391 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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322
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Zhang X, Kuang P, Wu W, Yin X, Kanazawa T, Onodera K, Metoki H, Oike Y. The effect of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Composita on peroxidation of low density lipoprotein due to copper dichloride. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1994; 14:195-201. [PMID: 7799654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plasma lipoprotein, particularly oxidized LDL, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic diseases. We used oxidized LDL generated by incubating LDL from healthy persons with copper dichloride as a model to investigate the antioxidate property of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Composita (RSMC). On photos, the spot X1 and the spot X2 were clearly found in the control group after the dialysis into copper dichloride for 24 and 48 hours, but they could not found in the RSMC group. The analysis of the constituents of lipids in LDL (by charring method) showed that after dialysis the percentages of the spot X1 and the spot X2 in the RSMC group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The results suggest that RSMC plays a potential role in antioxidation of lipids or LDL.
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Shapiro DN, Valentine V, Eagle L, Yin X, Morris SW, Prochownik EV. Assignment of the human MAD and MXI1 genes to chromosomes 2p12-p13 and 10q24-q25. Genomics 1994; 23:282-5. [PMID: 7829091 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MAD and MXI1, two recently described members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family, encode proteins that dimerize with and modulate the DNA binding of max. In turn, mad-max or mxi1-max heterodimers or max homodimers can compete for DNA binding sites with dimers formed between max and myc oncoproteins and antagonize the transcriptional activities of this latter class of proteins. Using a combination of somatic cell mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques, we have determined the chromosomal locations of the MAD and MXI1 genes. The MAD gene maps to chromosome 2p12-p13, a region involved in translocations and deletions in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias as well as non-lymphocytic leukemias and Hodgkin disease. The MXI1 gene localizes to chromosome 10q24-q25, a region involved in translocations and deletions in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias and prostatic carcinomas. The availability of genomic clones of MAD and MXI1 will permit an assessment of their involvement in these diseases at the molecular level.
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Schotzinger R, Yin X, Landis S. Target determination of neurotransmitter phenotype in sympathetic neurons. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1994; 25:620-39. [PMID: 7915300 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480250605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While the majority of sympathetic neurons are noradrenergic, a minority population are cholinergic. At least one population of cholinergic sympathetic neurons arises during development by a target-dependent conversion from an initial noradrenergic phenotype. Evidence for retrograde specification has been obtained from transplantation studies in which sympathetic neurons that normally express a noradrenergic phenotype throughout life were induced to innervate sweat glands, a target normally innervated by cholinergic sympathetic neurons. This was accomplished by transplanting footpad skin containing sweat gland primordia from early postnatal donor rats to the hairy skin region of host rats. The sympathetic neurons innervating the novel target decreased their expression of noradrenergic traits and developed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. In addition, many sweat gland-associated fibers acquired acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and VIP immunoreactivity. These studies indicate that sympathetic neurons in vivo alter their neurotransmitter phenotype in response to novel environmental signals and that sweat glands play a critical role in the cholinergic and peptidergic differentiation of the sympathetic neurons that innervate them. The sweat gland-derived cholinergic differentiation factor is distinct from leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor, two well-characterized cytokines that alter the neurotransmitter properties of cultured sympathetic neurons in a similar fashion. Recent studies indicate that anterograde signalling is also important for the establishment of functional synapses in this system. We have found that the production of cholinergic differentiation activity by sweat glands requires sympathetic innervation, and the acquisition and maintenance of secretory competence by sweat glands depends upon functional cholinergic innervation.
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Arent DJ, Alonso RG, Horner GS, Levi D, Bode M, Mascarenhas A, Olson JM, Yin X, DeLong MC, SpringThorpe AJ, Majeed A, Mowbray DJ, Skolnick MS. Optical properties of ordered and randomly disordered AlAs/GaAs short-period superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:11173-11184. [PMID: 10009967 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.11173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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