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Lee F, Shen H, Lee H, Wen M, Covello K, Gan J, Raventos-Suarez C, Kramer R. Ixabepilone overcomes multiple mechanisms of drug resistance including overexpression of class III |i tubulin and breast cancer resistance protein. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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327
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Zhang F, Xiao P, Yang F, Shen H, Xiong DH, Deng HY, Papasian CJ, Drees BM, Hamilton JJ, Recker RR, Deng HW. A whole genome linkage scan for QTLs underlying peak bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:303-10. [PMID: 17882466 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We conducted a whole genome linkage scan for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying peak bone mineral density (PBMD). Our efforts identified several potential genomic regions for PBMD and highlighted the importance of epistatic interaction and sex-specific analyses in identifying genetic regions underlying PBMD variation. INTRODUCTION Peak bone mineral density (PBMD) is an important clinical risk predictor of osteoporosis and explains a large part of bone mineral density (BMD) variation. METHODS To detect susceptive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PBMD variation including consideration of epistatic and sex-specific effects, we conducted a whole genome linkage scan (WGLS) for PBMD using 2,200 Caucasians from 207 pedigrees, aged 20-50 years. All the individuals were genotyped with 410 microsatellite markers. In addition to WGLS in the total combined sample of males and females, we conducted epistatic interaction analyses, and sex-specific subgroup linkage analyses. RESULTS We identified several potential genomic regions that met the criteria for suggestive linkage. The most impressing region is 12p12 for hip PBMD (LOD = 2.79) in the total sample. Epistatic interaction analyses found a significant epistatic interaction between 12p12 and 22q13 (p = 0.0021) for hip PBMD. Additionally, we detected suggestive linkage evidence at 15q26 (LOD = 2.93), 2p13 (LOD = 2.64), and Xq27 (LOD = 2.64). Sex-specific analyses suggested the presence of sex-specific QTLs for PBMD variation. CONCLUSIONS Our efforts identified several potential regions for PBMD and highlighted the importance of epistatic interaction and sex-specific analyses in identifying genetic regions underlying PBMD variation.
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Shen H, Tesar B, Goldstein D. 544: Dual Signaling of MyD88 and Trif Are Critical for DC Maturation and Priming of Alloimmunity in Response to LPS Activation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.11.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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329
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Shen H, Luan F, Liu H, Gao L, Liang X, Zhang L, Sun W, Ma C. ZHX2 is a repressor of alpha-fetoprotein expression in human hepatoma cell lines. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:2772-80. [PMID: 18194454 PMCID: PMC3828890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) protein was shown previously to be involved in postnatal repression of α-fetoprotein (AFP) in mice. More recently, loss of ZHX2 expression was often found in human hepatcellular carcinoma (HCC), where AFP is frequently reactivated. Using HepG2 and HepG2.2.15, which express high AFP levels, we show that ZHX2 overexpression significantly decreases of AFP secretion in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, using LO2 and SMMC7721 cells, which express low AFP levels, we use siRNA inhibition to show that AFP is de-repressed when ZHX2 levels are reduced. This represents the first direct evidence that ZHX2 represses AFP. Co-transfections of ZHX2 and AFP-luciferase reporter genes demonstrate ZHX2 repression is governed by the AFP promoter and requires intact HNF1 binding sites. These data support the idea that ZHX2 contributes to AFP repression in the liver after birth and may also be involved in AFP reactivation in liver cancer.
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330
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Niu Y, Epperly MW, Shen H, Smith T, Wang H, Greenberger JS. Intraesophageal MnSOD-plasmid liposome enhances engraftment and self-renewal of bone marrow derived progenitors of esophageal squamous epithelium. Gene Ther 2007; 15:347-56. [PMID: 18097469 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether the improved esophageal radiation tolerance following Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD)-Plasmid Liposomes was explained by improved engraftment of bone marrow-derived progenitors. C57BL/6NHsd female mice pretreated with intraesophageal MnSOD-PL were irradiated to 29 Gy to the esophagus and intravenously transplanted with marrow from male B6. 129S7-Gt (ROSA) 26S OR/J ROSA (Lac-Z+, G418-resistant) mice. After 14 days, esophagi were removed and side population and non-side population cells evaluated for donor multilineage (endothelin/vimentin/F480) positive esophageal cells. Serial intravenous transplantability was tested in second generation 29 Gy esophagus-irradiated mice. Esophagi from recipients receiving swallowed MnSOD-PL 24 h prior to irradiation demonstrated significantly increased esophageal repopulation with donor bone marrow-derived Lac-Z+, G418+, Y-probe+ multilineage cells (37.8+/-1.8>50 cell Lac-Z+ foci per esophagus) compared to irradiated controls (19.8+/-1.8) P<0.0001. Serial transfer to second-generation irradiated C57BL/6NHsd mice of intravenously injected SP or NSP first generation recipient esophagus cells was also significantly enhanced by MnSOD-PL intraesophageal pretreatment (74.4+/-3.6 SP-derived Lac-Z+ foci per esophagus, 48.6+/-5.4 NSP-derived) compared to irradiation controls (23.4+/-1.8 SP, 6.0+/-3.0 NSP), P<0.0001. Thus, intraesophageal MnSOD-PL administration enhances engraftment of marrow-derived progenitors.
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Wang XD, Shen H, Liu ZH. Diffuse haemorrhagic bullous amyloidosis with multiple myeloma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 33:94-6. [PMID: 18076678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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332
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Cong W, Shen H, Cong A, Wang Y, Wang G. Modeling photon propagation in biological tissues using a generalized Delta-Eddington phase function. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:051913. [PMID: 18233693 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.051913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photon propagation in biological tissue is commonly described by the radiative transfer equation, while the phase function in the equation represents the scattering characteristics of the medium and has significant influence on the precision of solution and the efficiency of computation. In this work, we present a generalized Delta-Eddington phase function to simplify the radiative transfer equation to an integral equation with respect to photon fluence rate. Comparing to the popular diffusion approximation model, the solution of the integral equation is highly accurate to model photon propagation in the biological tissue over a broad range of optical parameters. This methodology is validated by Monte Carlo simulation.
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Cong W, Cong A, Shen H, Liu Y, Wang G. Flux vector formulation for photon propagation in the biological tissue. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:2837-9. [PMID: 17909590 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a generalized delta-Eddington phase function to simplify the radiative transfer equation to an integral equation with respect to the photon flux vector. The solution of the integral equation is highly accurate to model the photon propagation in the biological tissue over a broad range of optical parameters, especially in the visible light spectrum where the diffusion approximation breaks down. The methodology is validated in the Monte Carlo simulation and can be applied in various optical imaging applications.
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Shen H. Thermal-stability and tensile properties of two single-walled Si–H nanotubes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020701502016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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335
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Shen H, Agarwal D, Qi R, Chalasani N, Liangpunsakul S, Lumeng L, Yoo H, Kwo P. Predictors of outcome in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26:393-400. [PMID: 17635374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been shown to improve survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIM To identify pretreatment factors that predicts increased mortality in HCC patients receiving TACE. METHODS Retrospective review of all patients who underwent TACE for HCC from January 1999 to November 2004. Patient demographics, aetiology of liver disease, laboratory and imaging data regarding tumour characteristics were obtained. RESULTS Eighty-eight patients (57 +/- 1 years age) received 1-4 sessions of TACE (1.4 +/- 0.1). Tumour size was 3.3 +/- 0.2 cm (range 1-13 cm, median 3 cm) with mean number of lesions 1.9 +/- 0.1 (range 1-7). Mean model for the end stage liver disease score: 11 +/- 0.4; cancer of the liver Italian program score: 1.3 +/- 0.1. Survival post-TACE (excluding those underwent orthotopic liver transplantation) was 12 +/- 0.3 months. By multivariate analysis, tumour size (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.68, P = 0.003), hypovascularity (HR = 12.62, 95% CI: 1.79-88.92, P = 0.01) and elevated international normalized ratio (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.10-1.92 P = 0.008) are shown to be significant risk factors for increased mortality. CONCLUSION TACE therapy leads to a mean survival of 12 months in patients not receiving orthotopic liver transplantation. Tumour size, hypovascularity on imaging, and elevated international normalized ratio are predictors of increased mortality after TACE therapy for HCC.
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Han Z, Hong L, Han Y, Wu K, Han S, Shen H, Li C, Yao L, Qiao T, Fan D. Phospho Akt mediates multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells through regulation of P-gp, Bcl-2 and Bax. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2007; 26:261-8. [PMID: 17725107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is an important intracellular pathway that is frequently activated in cancer cells. The role of P-AKT in multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms are here investigated. Up-regulation of P-AKT expression could confer resistance to both P-glycoprotein-related and P-glycoprotein-non-related drugs on AGS cells, and suppress adriamycin-induced apoptosis, along with decreased accumulation and increased releasing amount of adriamycin. P-AKT could significantly up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, and down-regulate the expression of Bax, but not alter the expression of PTEN in gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of P-AKT expression could partially reverse P-AKT-mediated multidrug resistance and significantly up-regulate P53 expression, and down-regulate the expression of P-glycoprotein and the transcription of the multidrug resistance gene 1. Further studies of the biological functions of P-AKT may be helpful for understanding the mechanisms of multidrug resistance of gastric cancer and developing possible therapeutical strategies.
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Ren QG, Hua Y, Shen H, Zhong L, Jin CZ, Mi Y, Yao HY, Xie YN, Wei SQ, Zhou LW. Cytochemical behavior of rare earth ions in Euglena gracilis studied by XAFS. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-0529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shen H, Bielak LF, Streeten EA, Ryan KA, Rumberger JA, Sheedy PF, Shuldiner AR, Peyser PA, Mitchell BD. Relationship between vascular calcification and bone mineral density in the Old-order Amish. Calcif Tissue Int 2007; 80:244-50. [PMID: 17431532 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-007-9006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification and osteoporosis are common age-related processes that are influenced by both genetic and nongenetic factors. Whether common genes underlie these processes is not known. We measured coronary artery calcification (CAC), aortic calcification (AC), and bone mineral density (BMD) in 682 men and women from large Old-Order Amish families. We assessed the heritabilities of these traits and then evaluated, using variance decomposition procedures, whether variation in the traits was influenced by a common set of genes (i.e., pleiotropy). Significant heritabilities were detected for BMD of the femoral neck and spine (0.65, 0.63) and CAC and AC (0.43, 0.42). Mean BMD did not differ significantly across quartiles of either CAC or AC in either sex. In neither the total group nor any single subgroup (men, women, postmenopausal women) did any of the genetic or environmental correlations between BMD and vascular calcification achieve statistical significance. However, subjects with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events had significantly lower BMD at the femoral neck compared to subjects who reported no prior history of CVD (age-, sex-, body mass index-, and family structure-adjusted P = 0.003). We detected no evidence for shared genes affecting the joint distribution of bone and vascular calcification. However, our results do reveal a lower BMD in subjects with a prior history of CVD in the Old-Order Amish.
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Jiang DK, Xu FH, Liu MY, Chen XD, Li MX, Liu YJ, Shen H, Deng HW. No evidence of association of the osteocalcin gene HindIII polymorphism with bone mineral density in Chinese women. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2007; 7:149-54. [PMID: 17627084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem, mainly characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). Osteocalcin (also known as BGP, for bone Gla protein) is a significant biomarker of bone turnover and thus the BGP gene has been considered as an important candidate gene for osteoporosis. A few studies on the relationship between variants of the BGP gene and BMD variation, via traditional association and/or linkage methods, have yielded conflicting results. In the present study, we simultaneously tested linkage and/or association of the BGP HindIII polymorphism with BMD in a large cohort of pre-menopausal Chinese women. A total of 1,263 subjects from 402 Chinese nuclear families were examined. Each family consists of both parents and at least one daughter aged between 20-45 years. BMDs at the lumbar spine and hip were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Using the QTDT (quantitative transmission disequilibrium test) program, we did not detect significant evidence of linkage or association between the BGP HindIII polymorphisms and the BMD variation at any skeletal site. Our data do not support the BGP gene having a major effect on BMD variation in pre-menopausal Chinese women.
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340
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Xu L, Lin Y, Han JC, Xi ZN, Shen H, Gao PY. Magnetic resonance elastography of brain tumors: preliminary results. Acta Radiol 2007; 48:327-30. [PMID: 17453505 DOI: 10.1080/02841850701199967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential value of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in evaluating the consistency of brain tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six patients with known solid brain tumor underwent brain MRE studies. Consistency of brain tumors was evaluated at surgery. Correspondence of MRE evaluation with operative result was studied. RESULTS The elasticity of tumors in six patients evaluated by MRE agreed with the tumor consistency given by the operative results. CONCLUSION MRE could be used as an imaging technique for noninvasive assessment of the consistency of brain tumor in vivo.
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Jiang H, Xiong DH, Guo YF, Shen H, Xiao P, Yang F, Chen Y, Zhang F, Recker RR, Deng HW. Association analysis of vitamin D-binding protein gene polymorphisms with variations of obesity-related traits in Caucasian nuclear families. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1319-24. [PMID: 17342072 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene is well known for its function on glucose and vitamin D metabolism in human populations. Previous studies suggested that the in vivo DBP level may play a role in the etiology of obesity. However, few studies explored the contribution of DBP gene to the variance of obesity phenotypes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of DBP polymorphisms and obesity in Caucasian nuclear families. DESIGN We genotyped 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in and around the DBP gene in 1873 Caucasian subjects from 405 nuclear families. Three obesity-related quantitative phenotypes were investigated, including body mass index (BMI), fat mass and percentage of fat mass (PFM). Single SNPs and haplotypes (three blocks) were tested by family-based association using the FBAT software. RESULTS SNP2 (rs17467825) and its corresponding haplotype GAA (frequency 0.270) in block 1 showed strongest associations with PFM (P=0.0011 and 0.0023, respectively). In multivariate test significant association was also observed for SNP2 with fat mass&BMI&PFM (P=0.0098). Subsequent sex-stratified analyses demonstrated nominal association for SNP2 and haplotype GAA with PFM in the female subgroup. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of DBP gene were significantly association with human PFM, especially in female, suggesting the importance of DBP gene in the pathogenesis of human obesity.
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342
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Xu L, Lin Y, Xi ZN, Shen H, Gao PY. Magnetic resonance elastography of the human brain: a preliminary study. Acta Radiol 2007; 48:112-5. [PMID: 17325935 DOI: 10.1080/02841850601026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the application of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the human brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS An external force actuator was developed, which produced propagating shear waves in brain tissue. A modified phase-contrast gradient-echo sequence was developed. The propagating shear waves within the brain were directly imaged. The wave images were processed to obtain the elasticity image. Shear waves at 100 Hz, 150 Hz, and 200 Hz were applied. RESULTS The propagating shear waves in the brain were visualized on wave images. The elasticity image revealed the difference in tissue elasticity between gray and white matter of the brain. CONCLUSION MRE could be an imaging technique for assessing the elasticity of brain tissue.
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McCaffrey JP, Shen H, Downton B, Mainegra-Hing E. Radiation attenuation by lead and nonlead materials used in radiation shielding garments. Med Phys 2007; 34:530-7. [PMID: 17388170 DOI: 10.1118/1.2426404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The attenuating properties of several types of lead (Pb)-based and non-Pb radiation shielding materials were studied and a correlation was made of radiation attenuation, materials properties, calculated spectra and ambient dose equivalent. Utilizing the well-characterized x-ray and gamma ray beams at the National Research Council of Canada, air kerma measurements were used to compare a variety of commercial and pre-commercial radiation shielding materials over mean energy ranges from 39 to 205 keV. The EGSnrc Monte Carlo user code cavity. cpp was extended to provide computed spectra for a variety of elements that have been used as a replacement for Pb in radiation shielding garments. Computed air kerma values were compared with experimental values and with the SRS-30 catalogue of diagnostic spectra available through the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine Report 78. In addition to garment materials, measurements also included pure Pb sheets, allowing direct comparisons to the common industry standards of 0.25 and 0.5 mm "lead equivalent." The parameter "lead equivalent" is misleading, since photon attenuation properties for all materials (including Pb) vary significantly over the energy spectrum, with the largest variations occurring in the diagnostic imaging range. Furthermore, air kerma measurements are typically made to determine attenuation properties without reference to the measures of biological damage such as ambient dose equivalent, which also vary significantly with air kerma over the diagnostic imaging energy range. A single material or combination cannot provide optimum shielding for all energy ranges. However, appropriate choice of materials for a particular energy range can offer significantly improved shielding per unit mass over traditional Pb-based materials.
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Ramanathan T, Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Liu H, Shen H, Nguyen ST, Brinson LC. Graphitic nanofillers in PMMA nanocomposites—An investigation of particle size and dispersion and their influence on nanocomposite properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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He L, Ding Y, Zhang Q, Che X, He Y, Shen H, Wang H, Li Z, Zhao L, Geng J, Deng Y, Yang L, Li J, Cai J, Qiu L, Wen K, Xu X, Jiang S. Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS. J Pathol 2006; 210:288-97. [PMID: 17031779 PMCID: PMC7167655 DOI: 10.1002/path.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The authors have previously shown that acute lung injury (ALI) produces a wide spectrum of pathological processes in patients who die of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and that the SARS coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) nucleoprotein is detectable in the lungs, and other organs and tissues, in these patients. In the present study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays were used to analyse the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV spike (S) protein, and some pro‐inflammatory cytokines (PICs) including MCP‐1, TGF‐β1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in autopsy tissues from four patients who died of SARS. SARS‐CoV S protein and its RNA were only detected in ACE2+ cells in the lungs and other organs, indicating that ACE2‐expressing cells are the primary targets for SARS‐CoV infection in vivo in humans. High levels of PICs were expressed in the SARS‐CoV‐infected ACE2+ cells, but not in the uninfected cells. These results suggest that cells infected by SARS‐CoV produce elevated levels of PICs which may cause immuno‐mediated damage to the lungs and other organs, resulting in ALI and, subsequently, multi‐organ dysfunction. Therefore application of PIC antagonists may reduce the severity and mortality of SARS. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Han Z, Hong L, Wu K, Han S, Shen H, Liu C, Han Y, Liu Z, Han Y, Fan D. Reversal of multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells by downregulation of Akt1 with Akt1 siRNA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2006; 25:601-6. [PMID: 17310852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT1 pathway was an important intracellular pathway that was frequently activated in cancer cells. In the present study, we constructed the siRNA eukaryotic expression vectors of AKT1 and transfected them into AGS cells to examine whether the down-regulation of AKT1 increased cell sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic drugs. After transfection, the expression of AKT1 was dramatically decreased in AKT1 siRNA transfectants compared with that in parental cells and empty vector control cells. The down-regulation of AKT1 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of AGS cells to vincristine, adriamycin, 5-fludrouracil and cisplatin. AKT1 siRNA could significantly down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, and up-regulate the expression of Bax, but not alter the expression of PTEN in gastric cancer cells. These observations suggested that the siRNA constructs of AKT1 we obtained could effectively down-regulate the expression of AKT1 and reverse the resistant phenotype of gastric cancer cells. The further study of the biological functions of AKT1 may be helpful for understanding the mechanisms of multidrug resistance of gastric cancer and developing possible strategies to treat gastric cancer.
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Xu Y, Wang B, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhu B, Shen H, Qie Y, Wang J, Wang H. Chimaeric Protein Improved Immunogenicity Compared with Fusion Protein of Ag85B and ESAT-6 Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:476-81. [PMID: 17032239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigen 85B (Ag85B) and ESAT-6 are important immunodominant antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and both are very promising vaccine candidate molecules. In this study, we relied on the T-cell epitopes of Ag85B and ESAT-6 to design a chimaeric protein by inserting ESAT-6 into Ag85B from the amino acids 167-182. We found the ratio of IgG2b/IgG1 and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma in the mice vaccinated with the new protein with adjuvant MPL and TDM were higher than the mice immunized with fusion protein Ag85B-ESAT-6, which have been reported and could induce levels of protective immunity similar to BCG in the mouse model of tuberculosis (TB) infection. These results suggest that the chimaeric protein Ag85B(N)-ESAT-6-Ag85B(C) is a strong candidate for further study and the T-cell epitopes of the antigens should be considered when we design the subunit vaccine.
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Chiang YH, Chen GJ, Shen H, Chou J, Wang Y. Histogranin reduced brain injury after transient focal ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett 2006; 406:211-5. [PMID: 16904827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) play an important role during ischemic brain injury. In this study we examined the protective effect of histogranin (HN), an endogenous peptide that antagonizes excitatory amino acids-mediated activity noncompetitively, in an animal model of cerebral ischemia. Adult rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate. Histogranin was given intracerebroventricularly before a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Animals were examined for their locomotor activity 2 days after MCAo. Histogranin significantly increased locomotor activity in the stroke rats. Histogranin pretreatment reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and the caspase-3 immunoreactivity in the stroke animals. Taken together, our data suggest that histogranin is protective against ischemic brain injury. The protective effect may involve anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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349
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Li ZQ, Shen H, Chen L, Li Y, Günther B. Effect of compaction pressure on the microstructure of mechanically alloyed Ag37Cu63alloy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418619508243925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tan EK, Lu ZY, Fook-Chong SMC, Tan E, Shen H, Chua E, Yih Y, Teo YY, Zhao Y. Exploring an interaction of adenosine A2A receptor variability with coffee and tea intake in Parkinson's disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:634-6. [PMID: 16823803 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is an adenosine receptor A1 and A2A receptor antagonist and a putative functional genetic variant of the A2A receptor (2592C > Tins) mediates caffeine-induced anxiety. Here we investigated the potential interaction of this A2A genetic variant with the quantity of coffee and tea intake and their relationship with the risk of PD. A total of 441 subjects consisting of 222 PD and 219 race, gender and age matched controls were included. A multivariate analysis of the variables including the 2592C > Tins A2A genotypes, age of onset, gender, and the quantity of tea and coffee intake, interaction of the A2A genotypes with coffee intake, interaction of A2A genotypes with tea intake demonstrated the quantity of coffee intake to be significantly associated with PD (P < 0.0005, OR = 0.922, 95% CI: 0.881, 0.964). However, there was no significant interaction of the A2A genotypes with the quantity of coffee and tea intake in modulating the risk of PD. The dose dependent protective effect of coffee intake in PD was independent of the 2592C > Tins A2A genotype suggesting that the pharmacogenetic action of caffeine in PD may be mediated differently from other caffeine-induced neurologic syndromes.
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