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Ji X, Pal A, Kalathur R, Hu X, Gu Y, Saavedra J, Buzard G, Srinivasan A, Keefer L, Singh S. Structure-based design of anticancer prodrug PABA/NO. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308089058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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327
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Gu Y, Rauen U, Saner F, Sowa J, Shue SY, Schlaak JF. GLYCINE PRE-TREATMENT REDUCES THE PORTAL VEIN PRESSURE AND IMPROVES INITIAL LIVER FUNCTION AFTER SUBTOTAL HEPATECTOMY IN THE RAT. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000330454.01409.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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328
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Kong CH, Wang P, Gu Y, Xu XH, Wang ML. Fate and impact on microorganisms of rice allelochemicals in paddy soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5043-5049. [PMID: 18540621 DOI: 10.1021/jf8004096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathic rice can release allelochemicals from roots to inhibit neighboring plant species, but little is currently known about their fate and impact on microorganisms in paddy soil. This study showed that allelopathic rice PI312777 released much higher concentrations of allelochemical (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone) than non-allelopathic rice Liaojing-9 in field. When quantitative 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone was added into soil, flavone gave a short half-life of 18.27 +/- 2.32 h (r(2) = 0.94) and could easily be degraded into benzoic acid. Benzoic acid with a half-life of 29.99 +/- 2.19 h (r(2) = 0.96) was more resistant toward degradation in paddy soil. Furthermore, both the culturable microbial population and the entire microbial community structure of soil incubated with flavone and benzoic acid were evaluated using the soil dilution plate method and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, respectively. It appeared from the results that flavone could reduce microorganisms especially for fungi present in paddy soil, while benzoic acid could induce a higher response for soil microorganisms especially for bacteria. Consequently, flavone would be responsible for the dynamics of soil microorganisms during the early period, and any observed effect during the late period would be very likely due to its degradation product benzoic acid rather than flavone itself. These results suggested that allelopathic rice varieties could modify soil microorganisms to their advantage through the release of allelochemicals. The concentration and fate of discriminating 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone between allelopathic and non-alleloparhic varieties tested in rice soil would result in the different patterns of microbial population and community structure in paddy ecosystems.
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Tan G, Qian L, Gu Y, Li S, Loh Y, Chua T, Chua Y, Lim C, Sin Y, Chuah S, Koh T, Sim E, Wong P, Shim W. Post-infarct myocardial function recovery is preserved by stabilizing left ventricular negative remodeling by cardiac differentiated stem cells but not undifferentiated stem cells. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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330
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Benoit C, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Alexander JS, Wang Y. Contractility of placental vascular smooth muscle cells in response to stimuli produced by the placenta: roles of ACE vs. non-ACE and AT1 vs. AT2 in placental vessel cells. Placenta 2008; 29:503-9. [PMID: 18417209 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our previously published work has shown that non-ACE angiotensin II (Ang II) generating system is dominate in the placenta and may play a critical role in regulation of placental vascular contractile function. In the present study, using a collagen gel contraction assay we further studied contractility of placental vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to factors produced by preeclamptic (PE) placentas. Placental VSMCs/type-1 collagen gels were incubated with PE placental conditioned medium in the presence or absence of inhibitors or receptor blockers. Captopril (an ACE inhibitor), chymostatin (a non-ACE chymase inhibitor), losartan (an AT1 receptor blocker) and PD123,319 (an AT2 receptor blocker) were used to study the specific ACE vs. non-ACE and AT1 vs. AT2 effects on placental VSMC contractility, respectively. Our results showed that chymostatin, but not captopril, and PD123,319, but not losartan, significantly attenuated placental VSMC/collagen gel contraction, p<0.01, respectively. The inhibitory effects of chymostatin and PD123,319 were dose-dependent. Our results suggest that chymase, a non-ACE Ang II generating enzyme, may contribute significantly to Ang II generated in the placenta vascular tissue and that the AT2 receptor may play an important role in the regulation of Ang II induced contractility of placental VSMCs. These results provide new insights into Ang II generation and Ang II receptor regulation of vessel contractile function in the placental vasculature. These results also suggest the potential role of increased chymase activity and altered AT2 receptor function in placental related pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and IUGR.
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Abstract
Myelopathy is a rare but severe neurological manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high morbidity. The factors that contribute to prognosis are unknown. In this study, 14 patients with lupus myelopathy (LM) from our centre were retrospectively studied. Another 23 patients with other neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) features were enrolled as a comparison group. The morbidity of LM was evaluated by the ASIA Impairment Scale. The clinical and serological characteristics and prognostic factors for LM were investigated. The age, gender, duration of SLE, non-CNS disease activity and autoantibody profile in patients with LM was not different in the NPSLE cohort. A relatively low prevalence of anti–phospholipid antibodies (aPL) in LM sera compared to NPSLE (28.6% vs 52.2%, P = 0.19) was observed. Longitudinal lesion detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was identified in 33.3% of patients with LM, whereas 50% showed focal speckle-like lesions. The morbidity of LM is 50%. Muscle strength of grade 3 or higher on admission was a strong indicator for a better prognosis ( P = 0.006), whereas other parameters including longitudinal lesion, sensory deficit level, disease activity and aPL did not discriminate good from poor outcome in LM. Early aggressive immunosuppressive therapy (within 2 weeks of onset of myelopathy) tend to associate with a favourable outcome ( P = 0.07).
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Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Gu Y, Bruning PF, Bonfrer JM, Koenig KL, Arslan AA, Toniolo P, Shore RE. Re: C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100:443-4; author reply 444-5. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djn016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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333
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Gu Y, Zhang J, Peng J, Hu X, Xu C. Elevated expression of IL-12 and IL-23 in patients with aplastic anemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2008; 31:207-14. [PMID: 18190588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2007.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA), which is characterized by hypocellular bone marrow (BM) and blood pancytopenia, was considered as a T-helper1 (Th1) mediated disease. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 produced by antigen presenting cells are essential for inducing and sustaining Th1 effector cells via different pathways. However, less is known with regard to the levels of expression and synthesis of these two cytokines in patients with AA. This was determined in the current study in 26 patients with AA as well as in 20 healthy controls. Our results showed that IL-12 p40, IL-12 p35 and IL-23 p19 gene expression can be detected in all samples both from the patients and the controls, using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, an increased expression of IL-12 p40, IL-12 p35 and IL-23 p19 mRNA was observed in bone marrow mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with AA compared with the corresponding one in normal controls. Higher levels of IL-12 and IL-23 were also found in BM plasma and PB plasma in patients with AA than in normal controls. Therefore, the augmented expression of IL-12 and IL-23 in patients with AA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Gong Y, Xi G, Wan S, Gu Y, Keep RF, Hua Y. Effects of aging on complement activation and neutrophil infiltration after intracerebral hemorrhage. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2008; 105:67-70. [PMID: 19066085 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-09469-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain edema and neurological deficits are greater in aged rats than in young rats. Complement activation and neutrophil infiltration contribute to brain injury after ICH. In this study, we investigated the effects of aging on activation of the complement cascade and neutrophil influx following ICH. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 or 18 months old) received an infusion of 100 microL autologous blood into right caudate. Rats were killed at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days after ICH and the brains were sampled for immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Levels of complement factor C9 and clusterin were used as markers for complement activation, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining was performed to detect neutrophil infiltration. Western blot analysis showed that complement C9 and clusterin levels in ipsilateral basal ganglia after ICH were higher in aged rats than in young rats (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed there were more C9- and clusterin-positive cells around the hematoma in aged rats. However, MPO-positive cells in ipsilateral basal ganglia were fewer in aged rats (p < 0.05) after ICH. Our results suggest that ICH causes more severe complement activation and less neutrophil infiltration in aged rats. Clarification of the mechanisms of brain injury after ICH in the aging brain should help develop new therapeutic strategies for ICH.
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Jiménez-González MC, Gu Y, Kirkman-Brown J, Barratt CLR, Publicover S. Patch-clamp 'mapping' of ion channel activity in human sperm reveals regionalisation and co-localisation into mixed clusters. J Cell Physiol 2007; 213:801-8. [PMID: 17516540 PMCID: PMC3549611 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are pivotal to many aspects of sperm physiology and function. We have used the patch clamp technique to investigate the distribution of ion channels in the plasma membrane of the head of human spermatozoa. We report that three types of activity are common in the equatorial and acrosomal regions of the sperm head. Two of these (a chloride-permeable anion channel showing long stable openings and a second channel which flickered between open and closed states and was dependent upon cytoplasmic factors for activity) were localised primarily to the equatorial segment. A third type, closely resembling the flickering activity but with different voltage sensitivity of P(open), was more widely distributed but was not detectable over the anterior acrosome. In the anterior acrosomal area channels were present but showed very low levels of spontaneous activity. A unique feature of channel activity in the sperm equatorial region was co-localisation into mixed clusters, most patches were devoid of activity but 'active' patches typically contained two or more types of activity (in a single 200-300 nM diameter patch). We conclude that ion channels in the sperm membrane show regionalisation of type and activity and that the channels are clustered into functional groups, possibly interacting through local effects on membrane potential.
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Ilyas AA, Gu Y, Dalakas MC, Quarles RH, Bhatt S. Induction of experimental ataxic sensory neuronopathy in cats by immunization with purified SGPG. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 193:87-93. [PMID: 18037501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IgM paraproteins in about 50% of the patients with neuropathy associated with IgM gammopathy react with carbohydrate moieties in myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and in sulfated glucuronic glycolipids (SGGLs) in human peripheral nerves. However, the role of anti-MAG/SGGL antibodies in the pathogenesis of neuropathy remains unclear. In order to induce an animal model of neuropathy associated with anti-MAG/SGGL antibodies, cats were immunized with sulfoglucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG). All four cats immunized with SGPG developed clinical signs of sensory neuronopathy within 11 months after initial immunization, characterized by unsteadiness, falling, hind limb weakness and ataxia. In two cats the ataxia and hind limb paralysis were so severe that the animals had to be euthanized. Pathological examination revealed sensory ganglionitis with inflammatory infiltrates in the dorsal root ganglia. No overt signs of pathology were noted in the examined roots or nerves. High titer anti-SGPG/MAG antibodies were detected in all 4 cats immunized with SGPG but not in 3 control cats. Our data demonstrate that immunization of cats with SGPG induced anti-SGPG antibodies and sensory neuronopathy clinically resembling the sensory ataxia of patients with monoclonal IgM anti-MAG/SGPG antibodies. This study suggests that these anti-MAG/SGPG antibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of this neuropathy.
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Zhao S, Gu Y, Lewis DF, Wang Y. Predominant basal directional release of thromboxane, but not prostacyclin, by placental trophoblasts from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Placenta 2007; 29:81-8. [PMID: 17936899 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate apical and basal releases of thromboxane (TX) and prostacyclin (PGI2) by trophoblasts (TCs) from normal and preeclamptic (PE) placentas. METHODS TCs isolated from normal and PE placentas were incubated in cell culture inserts for 48h. Medium from the upper (apical) and the lower (basal) chambers were then collected separately and measured for TX and PGI2 by their stable metabolites of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1alpha by ELISA. Apical and basal releases of TX and PGI were also examined with apical exposure of TCs to arachidonic acid (AA)+/-aspirin at different concentrations. Villous tissue expressions for PGI synthase, TX synthase and TX (TP) receptor were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS (1) TXB2, but not 6-keto PGF1alpha, concentrations were significantly higher in the lower than in the upper chambers with both normal and PE TCs (p<0.01); (2) apical exposure of TCs to AA resulted in a significant increase in TX release towards both the upper and the lower chambers in normal TCs (p<0.01), but only a significant increase in the upper chamber in PE TCs (p<0.01); (3) aspirin could attenuate AA-induced TX release both in the upper and the lower chambers in normal, but not in PE, TCs (p<0.01), respectively; (4) there were no differences in 6-keto PGF1alpha productions both in normal and PE TCs treated with AA+/-aspirin; (5) intense staining of TX synthase and TP receptor was seen in syncytiotrophoblast layer, villous core vessels and stromal cells in preeclamptic placental tissue sections. CONCLUSION Predominant basal release of TX together with intense staining of TX synthase and TP receptor in trophoblasts, stromal cells and villous core vessels are found in placentas from PE. We speculate if predominant basal release of TX by TCs occurs in vivo as we found in our in vitro culture condition, basal released TX may play a significant role in increased placental vasoconstriction such as in PE.
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Wang W, Wang PX, Ho YK, Kong Q, Gu Y, Wang SJ. Vacuum electron acceleration and bunch compression by a flat-top laser beam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:093103. [PMID: 17902943 DOI: 10.1063/1.2780816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The field intensity distribution and phase velocity characteristics of a flat-top laser beam are analyzed and discussed. The dynamics of electron acceleration in this kind of beam are investigated using three-dimensional test particle simulations. Compared with the standard (i.e., TEM(00) mode) Gaussian beam, a flat-top laser beam has a stronger longitudinal electric field and a larger diffraction angle. These characteristics make it easier for electrons to be trapped and accelerated by the beam. With a flat-top shape, the laser beam is also applicable to the acceleration of low energy electron and bunch compression.
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Kong CH, Zhao H, Xu XH, Wang P, Gu Y. Activity and allelopathy of soil of flavone o-glycosides from rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:6007-12. [PMID: 17602647 DOI: 10.1021/jf0703912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two flavone O-glycosides were isolated from allelopathic rice seedlings and have been identified as 5,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-glucopyranosylflavone and 7,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-5-O-beta-glucopyranosylflavone. Considerable levels of these glycosides could be found in allelopathic rice tissues. They could not be detected in the soils growing these allelopathic rice seedlings. Only their aglycone, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone, could be found in the soil. Further experiments showed that two flavone O-glycosides were exuded from allelopathic rice roots to the rihzosphere and then transformed into their aglycone form, that is, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone, with a great diversity of biological activities on associated weeds and microbes by soil interactions once released. The glycosides degraded rapidly (t1/2 < 2 h), whereas their aglycone was more resistant toward degradation in paddy soils, in which the half-life (t1/2) at low (25 mug/g) and high (200 mug/g) doses reached 19.86 +/- 3.64 h (r 2 = 0.97) and 28.78 +/- 3.72 h (r 2 = 0.98), respectively. Furthermore, the mobility of both glycosides and their aglycone in paddy soil was evaluated by soil TLC with bioassay. The mobility of the glycosides (Rf = 0.418 +/- 0.069, n = 18) is higher than that of the aglycone (Rf = 0.361 +/- 0.048, n = 18). The results suggested that two flavone O-glycosides are formed in rice biosynthesis and that storage of the allelochemicals and their aglycone 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone is the agent of alleloapthic rice which interferes with weeds or microbes in paddy soil.
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Shu Y, Yin Y, Guo R, Gu Y, Liu L, Wang R. Increasing tripartite cooperation of ER-alpha, c-Src, and IGF-1R plays an important role in tamoxifen resistance. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11037 Background: Acquired resistance to tamoxifen is a serious therapeutic problem that limits its clinical benefit. The precise mechanisms for acquired tamoxifen resistance, however, are still not fully understood. Our prior studies suggest that enhancement interaction between growth factors and ERa was associated with development of tamoxifen resistance. Cross-talk between growth factor receptors and estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) makes this problem more complicated. We hypothesized that some other proteins may be involved in this association between two kinds receptors in the development of TAM resistance. Methods: To test our hypothesis, MCF-7 breast cancer cells were continuously treated with TAM (10–7 M) until the cells resist to tamoxifen treatment, which were named as tamoxifen resistant cells (TAM-R). Results: TAM-R cells were more sensitive to E2 and IGF-1 stimulation to express higher level phospho-MAPK than that of control cells. Inhibitory effect of AG1024 on TAM-R cells was about as 2 folds as many as that of control cells. MAPK inhibitor caused dramatic inhibition of growth of TAM-R cells. It was interestingly found that ERa translocated from nucleus to cytosol and an increased amount of ERa was co-immunoprecipitated with IGF-1R from TAM-R cells even though there was no change in the levels of these receptors compared to the control cells. c-Src was an important adapter protein between these two receptors, which increasingly combined with both IGF-1R and ERa in TAM-R cells. Pure antiestrogen ICI, AG1024/IGF-1R SiRNA, and Src family inhibitor PP2 could inhibit the interaction between IGF-1R and ERa. However, only PP2 could completely inhibit ERa translocate from nucleus to cytosol and cytoplasm membrane. Conclusions: Our results suggested that IGF-1R/MAPK signaling pathway was very important for TAM-R cells to develop resistance. c- Src was an critical elements to form a ternary complex with IGF-1R and ERa. This may be one mechanism responsible for tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Gu Y, Huang NY, Liang J, Pan YM, Liu FG. [Clinical study of 1949 cases of port wine stains treated with vascular photodynamic therapy (Gu's PDT)]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134:241-4. [PMID: 17389848 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)91816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete fading of port wine stains (PWS) is difficult to achieve with current laser treatments. Photodynamic therapy (Gu's PDT) could offer a very efficient alternative for PWS therapy. PATIENTS AND METHOD 1949 lesions in 1385 patients were treated by PDT. Each patient received an intravenous injection of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) or hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) at 3-7 mg/kg. Laser irradiation was performed on a 2 to 8 cm spot size. Different wavelengths (488.0 nm to 578.2 nm) were evaluated with a power density of 50-100 mW/cm2. Fluences ranged from 90 to 540 J/cm2. RESULTS Among the 1942 lesions, PWS clearance was observed in 99.7% of cases. Excellent results were achieved in 128 lesions (6.6%) (100% clearance), 746 lesions (38.3%) yielded to good results (clearance > 75%), 923 lesions (47.4%) showed moderate results (clearance 50-75%), 145 lesions (7.4%) showed poor results (clearance<50%) and in 7 lesions (0.3%) no visible change was observed. The pink port wine stains revealed better response to Gu's PDT with only one session. Conversely, purple stains in adult patients required 2 sessions or more. CONCLUSION This new PDT technique is effective and highly selective, with almost no risk of scarring.
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Mahata S, Mahapatra N, Vaingankar S, Sinha Hikim A, Mahata M, Gu Y, Kennedy B, Ziegler M, Ross Jr. J, O'Connor D. Role of catestatin in the development of hypertension. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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343
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Wang Y, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Lewis DF, Alexander JS, Granger DN. Increased Chymotrypsin-like Protease (chymase) Expression and Activity in Placentas from Women with Preeclampsia. Placenta 2007; 28:263-9. [PMID: 16698079 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Placenta-derived chymotrypsin-like protease (CLP/chymase) promotes endothelial P-selectin and E-selectin expression, which may be responsible for the increased neutrophil/endothelial interactions in preeclampsia (PE). However, little is known about this protease expression and production in human placenta. This study was undertaken to determine the distribution and gene expression of CLP in human placenta. Human placental tissues were obtained immediately after delivery from normal and PE pregnancies. We examined (1) CLP/chymase immunoactivity by immunohistochemical staining of villous tissue sections; (2) trophoblast mRNA and protein expression for chymase by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis; (3) chymase cDNA sequencing in isolated trophoblast cells (TCs); and (4) release of CLP by placental villous tissue cultured under 2% and 20% O(2). We found (1) CLP expression is mainly localized in the epithelial layer of syncytiotrophoblasts; (2) both mRNA and protein expression are significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in TCs isolated from PE vs. normal placentas; (3) TC chymase cDNA sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are 100% identical to that reported for the human heart; and (4) villous tissue releases more chymotrypsin when cultured with 2% O(2). We conclude that (1) the DNA and protein sequence for chymase in placental trophoblast cells are the same as those reported in the human heart; (2) CLP/chymase expression is upregulated in TCs during PE; and (3) lowered oxygen condition promotes CLP release by placental TCs. Since chymase is a potent non-ACE angiotensin II producing enzyme, our data suggest that if placenta-derived CLP/chymase is released into the maternal circulation, it may contribute to the cardiovascular complications associated with PE.
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Saner F, Gensicke J, Rath P, Fruhauf N, Gu Y, Paul A, Radtke A, Malagó M, Broelsch C. Safety Profile of Concomitant Use of Caspofungin and Cyclosporine or Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Patients. Infection 2006; 34:328-32. [PMID: 17180587 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-006-5657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caspofungin is the first substance of a new class of antifungal agents, the echinocandins that interfere with fungal cell wall synthesis by inhibition of glucan synthesis. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations were seen in phase I studies of patients receiving caspofungin and cyclosporine A (CyA). Actually, there is no information regarding hepatotoxicity in liver transplant patients treated concomitantly with caspofungin and immunosuppressant agents like CyA or tacrolimus (TAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study in 12 liver transplant patients (9 patients Child C, 3 patients acute liver failure) to assess the hepatic safety of simultaneous administration of caspofungin with CyA or TAC. Caspofungin was administered as first-line agent to patients for a 2-week period with either proofed invasive fungal infection (IFI) (n = 4), IFI-probable (n = 4), and IFI-possible (n = 4). All patients received concomitantly CyA or TAC as immunosuppressant agent. RESULTS Two patients died within the first 10 days after start of treatment, caused by gram-negative rods. All other ten patients completed the 14-day treatment period. No liver enzyme elevation was recorded in these patients and administration of caspofungin with CyA or TAC was well tolerated without hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The concomitant use of caspofungin with CyA or TAC in liver transplant patients is safe and seemed to be without hepatotoxic effect.
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Tercel M, Pruijn F, Atwell G, Yang S, Botting J, Smith E, Gu Y, Valentine S, Denny W, Wilson W. 259 POSTER Substituted nitro(chloromethyl)benzindolines (nitroCBls): a new class of hypoxia selective cytotoxins with in vivo activity. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Patel K, Gu Y, Hicks K, Atwell G, Denny W, Jameson M, Rischin D, Pegram M, Gutheil J, Wilson W. 263 POSTER Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of PR-104, a hypoxia-activated nitrogen mustard prodrug in phase I clinical trial. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Kim KH, Dobi A, Shaheduzzaman S, Gao CL, Masuda K, Li H, Drukier A, Gu Y, Srikantan V, Rhim JS, Srivastava S. Characterization of the androgen receptor in a benign prostate tissue-derived human prostate epithelial cell line: RC-165N/human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2006; 10:30-8. [PMID: 17075604 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The majority of prostate epithelial cell lines stably expressing wild-type (wt) or mutant (mt) androgen receptor (AR) are derived from metastatic prostate cancers. Therefore, the wt AR-expressing RC-165N/human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) cell line derived from the benign prostate tissue of an African-American patient provides a unique opportunity to assess the functional status of AR in a cellular context not studied before. Although androgen-induced expression of known androgen responsive genes such as PMEPA1, and NDRG1 was observed in RC-165N/hTERT, this cell line expresses prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at significantly lower levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed androgen-dependent binding of AR to androgen response elements of PSA, PMEPA1 and NDRG1 genes. Similarities, as well as differences were noted in the expression of androgen responsive genes between RC-165N/hTERT and LNCaP cells. Comprehensive evaluations of AR functions in RC-165N/hTERT cells suggest that whereas some features of known AR functions are maintained in this benign prostatic tissue-derived cell line, other AR functions are not retained. Objective evaluations of similar cell lines will lead to the understanding of AR functions in prostate growth and differentiation.
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348
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Saner FH, Pavlakovic G, Gu Y, Gensicke J, Paul A, Radtke A, Bockhorn M, Fruhauf NR, Nadalin S, Malagó M, Broelsch CE. Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on systemic haemodynamics, with special interest to central venous and common iliac venous pressure in liver transplanted patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006; 23:766-71. [PMID: 16723056 DOI: 10.1017/s026502150600072x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Positive end-expiratory pressure may alter cardiac function and systemic haemodynamics. As transplanted livers may be sensitive to liver congestion, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on the cardiovascular system and in particular on central venous and iliac venous pressure in liver transplanted patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-two liver transplant patients were enrolled in this prospective, interventional study. On admission to our Intensive Care Unit all patients were ventilated in a biphasic positive airway pressure mode. Haemodynamic effects of three randomly set levels of end-expiratory pressures (0, 5 and 10 mbar) were studied in the immediate postoperative period in all patients. Mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central iliac venous pressure and cardiac index were recorded and analysed at each of the three end-expiratory pressure levels. RESULTS The values of central- and wedge-pressure significantly increased with increased end-expiratory pressure. Central venous pressure increased by 24% and wedge pressure showed a 6% increase at 10 mbar in comparison to 0 mbar. The values for cardiac index and mean arterial pressure showed no statistically significant difference at 10 mbar as compared to 0 and 5 mbar. The mean pulmonary arterial and common iliac venous pressure were unaffected by different positive end-expiratory pressure levels. CONCLUSIONS Short-term pressure controlled ventilation with end-expiratory pressure up to 10 mbar does not significantly impair systemic haemodynamics in liver-transplanted patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether these findings could be confirmed with higher pressure levels and/or over a longer period of ventilation time.
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349
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Song L, Gu Y, Lu W, Liang X, Chen Z. A phase II randomized controlled trial of a novel male contraception, an intra-vas device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 29:489-95. [PMID: 16573708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2006.00686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce a novel male contraceptive method, an intra-vas device (IVD), and to assess the efficacy, safety and satisfaction of recipients compared with no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). A phase II randomized controlled trial was conducted in China in 2003. Two hundred and eighty-eight male subjects seeking vasectomy were randomly assigned to the IVD or NSV group. Follow up included a telephone questionnaire on the 14th postoperative day and visits at the third and 12th postoperative months. The follow-up rates at the three time points were 100%, 100% and 96.5% respectively. There was no technical failure in any subject. The surgical conditions were similar in both groups, but the IVD group experienced an additional 5 min of operative time (p<0.001). The IVD group recovered normal activity and sexual intercourse more rapidly (both p<0.05). The azoospermia rate was lower in the IVD group than in the NSV group at the third and 12th postoperative months. The rate of contraceptive success based on semen analyses was similar in both groups, especially at the 12th postoperative month (94.3% in the IVD group vs. 98.6% in the NSV group; p=0.054). The IVD group had less risk of complications (i.e. pain, congestive epididymitis and sperm granuloma). More subjects reported satisfaction with IVD sterilization than with NSV. The two procedures were similar in terms of surgical complications. The IVD was slightly less effective, but had a lower risk of later adverse events than the NSV technique. The IVD group also reported a higher level of satisfaction.
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350
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Pivik RT, Dykman RA, Tennal K, Gu Y. Skipping breakfast: gender effects on resting heart rate measures in preadolescents. Physiol Behav 2006; 89:270-80. [PMID: 16843505 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular response in children to morning nutrition has received little attention, and associated gender-related effects are virtually uninvestigated. This study evaluated resting heart-rate (HR) and heart-rate variability (HRV) in preadolescents after overnight fasting and again after eating a standardized breakfast or continuing to fast. HR increased slightly after eating and decreased significantly with continued fasting. These effects were present for both sexes. Relative to children who ate, those who continued fasting showed increases in HRV-particularly for inter-beat-interval and low frequency component (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) measures. Analyses revealed significant increases across variability measures for fasting children, but a selective LF decrease in those who were fed-an effect most prominent in females. Otherwise, males and females showed similar treatment-related changes in HRV. While within-gender comparisons showed similar results for HR, i.e., faster HR in fed compared with fasting males and females, respectively, fasting females-but not males-showed significantly greater increases in variability relative to their fed counterparts. Together, these findings suggest that extended overnight fasting initiates an increase in parasympathetic activity that attenuates the expected increase in cardiovascular output following a mid-morning meal. Observed gender differences were related to greater parasympathetic activity in males and to the apparent emphasis on parasympathetic regulation of LF variability. The implications of these findings for health concerns, the nature of responses to physiological and cognitive stressors, and how such differences may influence performance variables-particularly early in development when cardiovascular responses to these stressors may be more sensitive to nutritional factors-are discussed.
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