401
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DeBoer DJ, Moriello KA, Blum JL, Volk LM. Effects of lufenuron treatment in cats on the establishment and course of Microsporum canis infection following exposure to infected cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:1216-20. [PMID: 12725307 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2003.222.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of lufenuron treatment in cats on the establishment and course of Microsporum canis infection following exposure to infected cats. DESIGN Experimental trial. ANIMALS 24 healthy juvenile domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE 8 cats were given lufenuron PO (133 mg/cat/mo, equivalent to a dose of 100 to 130 mg/kg [45 to 59 mg/lb] at the beginning of the study and 25 to 35 mg/kg [11 to 16 mg/lb] at the end of the study), and 8 were given lufenuron SC (40 mg every 6 months). The remaining 8 were used as untreated control cats. After 4 months, cats were challenged by the introduction of cats with mild, experimentally induced M canis infection into the rooms where cats were housed. Extent of resulting infections in the naïve cats was monitored for 22 weeks by physical examination and fungal culture. RESULTS All lufenuron-treated and control cats became infected with M canis. Cats treated with lufenuron had significantly lower infection scores, compared with control cats, during the early weeks following exposure, and there was a more prolonged initial progression phase of the infection. Once infections reached peak intensity, they resolved over similar periods in lufenuron-treated and control cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that oral or SC administration of lufenuron to cats, at the dosages used and under the conditions of this study, did not prevent establishment of dermatophytosis following exposure to infected cats. Infection was established more slowly among cats treated with lufenuron, but once established, infection resolved in approximately the same amount of time in lufenuron-treated as in control cats.
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402
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Moon D. Another solution to identify FIV-vaccinated cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:1207; author reply 1207. [PMID: 12725305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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403
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Abstract
Injection site sarcomas in cats have been the topic of more than 40 articles and over 20 scientific abstracts as well as multiple letters to veterinary journals, articles in the popular press, and Internet-based web sites. With the level of discussion that has surrounded this tumor entity, one might expect that great strides have been made in determining the etiology, epidemiology, and preferred treatment options for this disease. Nearly half of the publications on this subject are review articles, however, and that alone indicates both the high level of interest and the lack of information in this situation. This article summarizes the development of our current understanding of this tumor with regard to areas of research into the cause of injection site sarcomas, epidemiology, and the current standard of care for treatment of this iatrogenic disease.
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404
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Umehashi M, Imamura T, Akiyama S, Matsuda J, Tokiyoshi S, Tohya Y, Mikami T. Pre-exposure treatment of cats with anti-FHV-1 and anti-FCV mouse-cat chimeric antibodies. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:563-6. [PMID: 12808206 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to pre-exposure treatment of cats with two mouse-cat chimeric antibodies, FJH2 and F1D7, having neutralizing activity to feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) and cat calicivirus (FCV), respectively, these chimeric antibodies were labeled with (125)I and administered to cats to examine their blood kinetics. Concentrations of the both administered chimeric antibodies in the blood reached maximum at the 48th hour post-administration, and the level was 34% for FJH2 and 54% for F1D7. Then the concentration levels declined gently, and decreased afterwards to 8.2% for FJH2 and 25% for F1D7 on the 20th day post-administration. The blood half-lives of FJH2 and F1D7 were 8.3 days and 10.7 days, respectively. In order to examine effectiveness in pre-exposure treatment of cats with these chimeric antibodies, cats were administered on the 15th day prior to the challenge infections with FHV-1 and FCV by subcutaneous route with 0.5 ml/kg of an FJH-F1D7 mixture being adjusted to contain each chimeric antibody of 10 mg/ml. The cats that received the pre-exposure treatment with the cocktail, showed obvious reductions in manifestations of symptoms caused by those viral infections. The protective effectiveness of the pre-exposure treatment against these viral challenge infections was almost equal to that of the treatment given at right after these challenge infections.
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405
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Palmquist R. More comments on COBTA's position on vaccine titers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:1072-3; author reply 1073. [PMID: 12710767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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406
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Webb CB, Twedt DC, Fettman MJ, Mason G. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in a feline acetaminophen model of oxidative injury. J Feline Med Surg 2003; 5:69-75. [PMID: 12670431 DOI: 10.1016/s1098-612x(02)00017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is reported to have hepatoprotective and antioxidant functions. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) was used to induce oxidative damage in cats, and to then determine the effect of SAMe treatment on erythrocyte morphology, PCV, liver histopathology, thiobarbituate reacting substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidised glutathione (GSSG). Cats receiving acetaminophen had a significant increase in methemoglobin and Heinz body production. A significant effect for the interaction of time and treatment was found for Heinz body production and changes in PCV. No significant changes were found in blood or hepatic TBARS. Blood GSH increased significantly in all cats, while the blood GSH:GSSG ratio tended to increase the most in cats given acetaminophen only. The hepatic GSH:GSSG ratio tended to increase in cats given SAMe and decrease in cats given acetaminophen, but this effect was not significant. SAMe protected erythrocytes from oxidative damage by limiting Heinz body formation and erythrocyte destruction and maybe useful in treating acetaminophen toxicity.
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407
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Engvall EO, Brändström B, Fermér C, Blomqvist G, Englund L. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae in young, healthy cats in Sweden. Vet Rec 2003; 152:366-9. [PMID: 12678262 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.12.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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408
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Murray DM. Identifying FIV vaccinates. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:710. [PMID: 12675285 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2003.222.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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409
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Palmquist R. More comments on COBTA's position on vaccine titers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:714, 716. [PMID: 12675291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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410
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Marshall R. Export of dogs and cats to New Zealand. Vet Rec 2003; 152:243. [PMID: 12625543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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411
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Ho-Yen DO. Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. Arch Pediatr 2003; 10 Suppl 1:3-4. [PMID: 12802952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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412
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Niemann T. Vaccination information reaches audience. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:283. [PMID: 12564583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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413
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414
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Dodds WJ. Advocate for serologic testing after vaccination. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:149-50; author reply 150-1. [PMID: 12555974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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415
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Goodfellow M. United by an enthusiasm for feline medicine. J Small Anim Pract 2003; 44:50-1. [PMID: 12570351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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416
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Wilson J. Brushing up on dentistry. J Small Anim Pract 2002; 43:568-9. [PMID: 12489747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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417
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Abstract
The use of special diets or dietary adjuncts, although not eliminating the need for regular professional therapy, may serve to improve gingival health during the interval between professional oral health assessments and intervention. This study was performed to determine the effect of a dental chew on dental hygiene and gingival health in cats. The accumulation of dental substrates and the development of gingivitis were assessed in cats fed either a dry diet only or a dry diet supplemented with dental chews. A two-period, crossover design was used with the test phase lasting 4-weeks. Results indicated that the daily addition of dental chews to a dry diet was effective in reducing plaque and calculus accumulation on tooth surfaces in cats, as well as reducing the severity of gingivitis.
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418
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Klingborg DJ, Hustead DR, Curry-Galvin EA, Gumley NR, Henry SC, Bain FT, Paul MA, Boothe DM, Blood KS, Huxsoll DL, Reynolds DL, Riddell MG, Reid JS, Short CR. AVMA Council on Biologic and Therapeutic Agents' report on cat and dog vaccines. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221:1401-7. [PMID: 12458607 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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419
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Umehashi M, Imamura T, Akiyama S, Kimachi K, Tokiyoshi S, Mikami T. Post-exposure treatment of cats with mouse-cat chimeric antibodies against feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:1017-21. [PMID: 12499687 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to confirm the in vivo effectiveness of anti- feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (FJH2), and anti-feline calicivirus (FCV) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (F1D7), cats that had been experimentally infected with FHV-1 or FCV were administered intravenously with the chimeric antibodies, and observed for clinical manifestations. The symptoms due to FHV-1 or FCV infection in the cats administered FJH2 or F1D7 were obviously decreased when compared with those of the non-administered control cats. From these results, it was confirmed that both FJH2 and F1D7 were effective at reducing the appearance of symptoms due to FHV-1 and FCV infection, respectively.
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420
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DeBoer DJ, Moriello KA, Blum JL, Volk LM, Bredahl LK. Safety and immunologic effects after inoculation of inactivated and combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccines in cats. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:1532-7. [PMID: 12428663 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine antidermatophyte immunologic effects of an experimental combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (CLIDV) and a commercial inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (IDV) in cats and to evaluate adverse effects associated with administration of these vaccines. ANIMALS 20 healthy juvenile domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE Cats were injected with 2 doses of CLIDV at the standard dosage or 1 dose of CLIDV at 10 times the standard dosage; IDV was administered at the manufacturer-recommended dosage. Cats were observed for illness and reactions at inoculation sites. Periodically, samples were obtained for fungal culture, lymphocyte blastogenesis test (LBT) as an indicator of cell-mediated immunity against dermatophyte antigens, and antidermatophyte IgG titers. Following vaccination, cats were challenge-exposed by topical application of Microsporum canis macroconidia and examined weekly for clinical signs of dermatophytosis. RESULTS of 10 cats given CLIDV developed focal crusts at the injection site that resolved without treatment; these were areas of dermatophyte infection with the vaccine strain. Antidermatophyte IgG titers increased significantly with all vaccination protocols. Cellular immunity against M canis increased slightly and variably during the vaccination period and did not differ significantly between vaccinated and control cats. All cats developed dermatophyte infection after challenge exposure. Vaccination with CLIDV or IDV was associated with slightly reduced severity of initial infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Noculation with IDV or CLIDV did not provide prophylactic immunity against topical challenge exposure with M canis. Inoculation with either vaccine did not provide a more rapid cure of an established infection.
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421
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Nicholson M, Beal M, Shofer F, Brown DC. Epidemiologic evaluation of postoperative wound infection in clean-contaminated wounds: A retrospective study of 239 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 2002; 31:577-81. [PMID: 12415527 DOI: 10.1053/jvet.2002.34661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors for development of postoperative wound infections in clean-contaminated wounds. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Two hundred thirty-nine dogs and cats that had clean-contaminated surgical procedures. METHODS Records of animals that had a clean-contaminated surgical procedure and were prospectively monitored for development of postoperative wound infection were reviewed. Prospective data included signalment, nutritional status, body weight, duration of surgery, surgical procedures, wound classification, surgical site clip time before surgery, hypotension during surgery, the presence of an active distant infection, endocrinopathy, administration of an immunosuppressive agent, administration of antibiotics, and the type of antibiotic used. Additional retrieved data included total anesthesia time, temperature variables, blood loss, and suture material used. RESULTS Intact males (P =.008) and animals with concurrent endocrinopathy (P =.008) were at a higher risk of development of postoperative wound infection. Total surgery time (P =.02) and total anesthesia time (P =.04) were longer in animals that developed postoperative wound infection. No other factors were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Intact males and animals with a concurrent endocrinopathy were at higher risk of postoperative wound infection after clean-contaminated surgical procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Time under anesthesia and duration of surgery should be minimized to reduce the risk of wound infection in clean-contaminated surgical procedures.
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422
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Peek L. Readers disturbed about letter on free-roaming cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221:931; author reply 931-2. [PMID: 12369689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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423
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Abstract
Cats co-occupy one third of all residences in the United States. As common household pets, they serve as sources of joy and companionship for their owners. However, feline ownership also comes with its own inherent risks, as cats can transmit an array of diseases to their owners, ranging from trivial to fatal ailments. By understanding the pathogenesis of cat-associated diseases, owners and their pets can live together with little risk of disease transmission. This article reviews cat-related diseases, with an emphasis on their prevention and management.
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424
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Mateus-Pinilla NE, Hannon B, Weigel RM. A computer simulation of the prevention of the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii on swine farms using a feline T. gondii vaccine. Prev Vet Med 2002; 55:17-36. [PMID: 12324204 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5877(02)00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii on swine farms was investigated using a deterministic dynamic computer simulation model. A primary focus was to evaluate a feline T. gondii vaccine. Animal populations (swine and cats) were compartmentalized based on the stage of T. gondii infection. Simulations were run under conditions of closed and equilibrium population size. Model parameters were varied in a factorial experimental design to test the following hypotheses: T. gondii infection in finishing pigs decreases with (1) vaccination of susceptible cats, (2) an increase in the proportion of cats captured for vaccination, (3) a decrease in the initial number of cats, (4) a decrease in the initial T. gondii prevalence in cats and (5) a decrease in oocyst-survival time. Seeding conditions included a total of 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 cats, initial T. gondii prevalences in cats of 30, 60 or 90%, vaccination of 0, 50 or 75% of the cats and two vaccination schedules (the field schedule from a prior trial and a weaning-vaccination schedule). Simulations were run at oocyst-survival times of 52, 39 and 26 weeks. T. gondii prevalence in finishing pigs was recorded every week for 10 years. The probability of elimination of T. gondii from finishing pigs increased with a decrease in the number of cats and a decrease in oocyst-survival time. The last-year average prevalence was used as the outcome in a multiple linear regression analysis. Decreased T. gondii prevalence in finishing pigs was the result of a decrease in the initial number of cats on the farm (squared semipartial correlation coefficient (sr(2))=47%), decreased oocyst survival (sr(2)=35%), using the weaning-vaccination schedule (sr(2)=7%) and vaccination versus non-vaccination (sr(2)=5%). Unexpectedly, the initial T. gondii prevalence in cats had no effect on T. gondii prevalence in finishing pigs. The simulation supports the field trial indicating vaccine effectiveness. However, vaccination had less impact on decreasing T. gondii infection in finishing pigs than a decrease in the number of farm cats.
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425
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Hughes KL, Slater MR, Geller S, Burkholder WJ, Fitzgerald C. Diet and lifestyle variables as risk factors for chronic renal failure in pet cats. Prev Vet Med 2002; 55:1-15. [PMID: 12324203 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5877(02)00088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A case-control study examining diet and lifestyle variables to generate hypotheses of potential risk factors for chronic renal failure in pet cats was conducted in five private practices in Texas, USA and at the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. A telephone questionnaire was used to gather information from owners of 38 cats newly diagnosed with CRF between December 1994 and 1995 and from owners of 56 control cats. Factor analysis was used to determine whether composite variables should be constructed to summarize the nutritional predictors adequately. The composite variables and other lifestyle variables were analyzed with logistic-regression. Three final exploratory models were developed: ad libitum feeding with fiber; ad libitum with Factor-2 (a composite variable composed of fiber, magnesium, protein, sodium and ash); and fiber alone. Ad libitum feeding and increased ash intake were associated with increased odds of CRF; increased dietary fiber, magnesium, protein and sodium were associated with decreased odds of CRF.
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