[Revelation of the list of occupational diseases and diagnostic criteria for occupational diseases]

The list of occupational diseases reflecting the latest advances in the identification and recognition of occupational diseases, and providing guidance on the protection of workers' health rights and interests and the prevention, recording, notification and compensation of related occupational diseases. Diagnostic criteria for occupational diseases are an important basis for making diagnoses attributable to occupational diseases, and provide a theoretical basis for health monitoring of occupational groups and occupational hygiene supervision. This thesis starts with the definition of the occupational disease elaborates in detail the development history of list of occupational diseases in International Labour Organization (ILO) , compares the list of occupational diseases in China (2013 version) with the list of occupational diseases in international (2010 version) , and then introduces in detail the latest diagnostic standards of the major occupational diseases. And finally, it puts forward relevant suggestions on the list and diagnostic level of China's occupational diseases, so as to provide certain insights for the further improvement of the list and diagnostic standards of occupational diseases.

Predicting central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a practical nomogram based on retrospective study

Background

In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), preoperative ultrasonography frequently reveals the presence of enlarged lymph nodes in the central neck region. These nodes pose a diagnostic challenge due to their potential resemblance to metastatic lymph nodes, thereby impacting the surgical decision-making process for clinicians in terms of determining the appropriate surgical extent.

Methods

Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors associated with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in PTC patients with HT. Then a prediction model was developed and visualized using a nomogram. The stability of the model was assessed using ten-fold cross-validation. The performance of the model was further evaluated through the use of ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.

Results

A total of 376 HT PTC patients were included in this study, comprising 162 patients with CLNM and 214 patients without CLNM. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, Tg-Ab level, tumor size, punctate echogenic foci, and blood flow grade were identified as independent risk factors associated with the development of CLNM in HT PTC. The area under the curve (AUC) of this model was 0.76 (95% CI [0.71-0.80]). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive value of the model were determined to be 88%, 51%, 67%, and 57%, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed clinic-ultrasound-based nomogram in this study demonstrated a favorable performance in predicting CLNM in HT PTCs. This predictive tool has the potential to assist clinicians in making well-informed decisions regarding the appropriate extent of surgical intervention for patients.

First Measurement of the |t| Dependence of Incoherent J/ψ Photonuclear Production

The first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons as a function of the Mandelstam |t| variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, |y|<0.8, using ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-x range (0.3-1.4)×10^{-3}. Cross sections are given in five |t| intervals in the range 0.04<|t|<1  GeV^{2} and compared to the predictions by different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a |t| dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data.

Palladium-Catalyzed Iodine Assisted Carbonylation of Indoles with ClCF2CO2Na and Alcohols

A palladium-catalyzed iodine-assisted carbonylation reaction of indoles with readily available ClCF2CO2Na and alcohols has been developed. This protocol provides a practical and efficient approach to highly regioselective indole-3-carboxylates via a preiodination strategy of indoles. Different from classic carbonylation using toxic and difficult-to-handle carbon monoxide, this operationally simple and scalable reaction employed difluorocarbene as the carbonyl surrogate.

Perceived Ageism in Health Care: A Hybrid Concept Analysis

Identifying perceived ageism is a critical step in eliminating ageism. This hybrid concept analysis aims to describe the concept of perceived ageism in health care. In the theoretical phase, a scoping review was conducted. In the field phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine community-dwelling older adults. In the final analytical phase, results from the theoretical phase were integrated with those from the fieldwork phase. The perceived ageism in health care includes four dimensions: self-internalization (self-denial, a sense of unease, and passivity of behavior in seeking health care), interpersonal interaction (perceived negative perceptions, neglected attitudes, and unfair care behaviors), organization system (perceived strangeness caused by unfamiliar technology, unsupportive environment, and inadequate resources), and procedure policy (perceived uniformity of healthcare process and lack of targeted practice policies). Research related to this concept has contributed to developing measurement tools for assessing perceived ageism in healthcare practice and subsequent research.

Identification of extracellular matrix-related biomarkers in colon adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics and experimental validation

Backgrounds

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of tumor microenvironment, and its abnormal expression promotes tumor formation, progression and metastasis.

Methods

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify ECM-related hub genes based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) data. COAD clinical samples were used to verify the expression of potential biomarkers in tumor tissues, and siRNA was used to explore the role of potential biomarkers in cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Results

Three potential biomarkers (LEP, NGF and PCOLCE2) related to prognosis of COAD patients were identified and used to construct ERGPI. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples showed that the three potential biomarkers were highly expressed in tumor tissues of COAD patients. Knockdown of LEP, NGF or PCOLCE2 inhibited COAD cell proliferation and EMT. Dictamnine inhibited tumor cell growth by binding to these three potential biomarkers based on molecular docking and transplanted tumor model.

Conclusion

The three biomarkers can provide new ideas for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of COAD patients.

Evolution of microbial community and the volatilome of fresh-cut chili pepper during storage under different temperature conditions: Correlation of microbiota and volatile organic compounds

The effect of temperature conditions on the evolution of microbial communities and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh-cut chili peppers during storage was investigated. Results showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were the dominant phyla in fresh-cut chili peppers. During storage, bacterial communities changed more dramatically than fungi. Different temperature conditions significantly affected the shift of bacteria at the genus level. At the beginning of storage, Rhodococcus, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas dominated the bacteria. However, on day 8, Pantoea and Enterobacter became the predominant genera at 5 °C and high temperatures (10, 15 °C, dynamic temperature), respectively. No significant variability in bacterial species was observed between different batches. Additionally, 140 VOCs were determined in fresh-cut chili peppers. Twenty-two VOCs were screened and could be recommended as potential spoilage markers. Based on Spearman's correlation analysis results, Enterobacter and Enterococcus were the most positive microorganisms correlated with spoilage markers.

Recent advances in shape memory polymeric nanocomposites for biomedical applications and beyond

Shape memory polymers (SMPs), which initiate shape transformation in response to environmental stimuli, have attracted significant attention in both academic research and technological innovation. The combination of functional nanomaterials and SMPs has led to the emergence of a variety of shape memory polymeric nanocomposites (SMPNs) with multifunctional properties. This has injected new vitality and vigor into fields such as tissue engineering, biomedicine, optical sensing, aerospace and mechanical engineering. In this review article, we present a brief introduction to the fundamentals of SMPs and SMPNs, followed by a discussion of the recent advances in their multifunctional applications in biomedical manufacturing, drug delivery devices, mechanical sensing, micro-engines, etc. The opportunities and challenges in the future development of SMPs are also discussed.

Unveiling the variability in cadmium accumulation and tolerance characteristics: a comparative study of Basma and Yunyan 87 tobacco varieties

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) shows promise for remediating Cd-contaminated soil due to its significant Cd accumulation capabilities. Although various tobacco varieties exhibit distinct Cd bioaccumulation capacities, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is lacking. This study, conducted using hydroponics, explores differences in Cd accumulation and tolerance mechanisms between two tobacco varieties, Basma and Yunyan 87. The results showed that Cd stress reduced the dry weight, tolerance index, and root morphology for both varieties. Basma exhibited a relatively smaller decline in these indices compared to Yunyan 87. Moreover, Basma demonstrated a higher Cd bioconcentration factor (BCF), concentration, and accumulated content, signifying its superior tolerance and bioaccumulation capacity to Cd compared to Yunyan 87. The Carbonyl Cyanide3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone (CCCP) addition resulted in reduced Cd accumulation and BCFs in both tobacco species. This effect was more pronounced in Basma, suggesting that Basma relies more on an active transport process than Yunyan 87. This could potentially explain its enhanced bioaccumulation ability. Subcellular Cd distribution analysis revealed Basma's preference for distributing Cd in soluble fractions, while Yunyan 87 favoured the cell wall fractions. Transmission electron microscope showed that Basma's organelles were less damaged than Yunyan 87's under Cd stress, possibly contributing to the superior tolerance of Basma. Therefore, these results provided a theoretical foundation for development of Cd-contaminated soil tobacco remediation technology.

Efficient removal of PAHs from peanut oil using coconut shell-based activated charcoal decorated by cationic (CTAB), anionic (SDS), non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100)

The coconut shell-based activated charcoal was decorated by three different electronegativities of surfactants (CTAB, SDS, and Triton X-100) through the impregnation method, and the decorated activated charcoal adsorbents were used for the removal of PAHs from peanut oil, respectively. The influence of surfactant decoration on the adsorption and detoxification effect of coconut shell-based activated charcoal was discussed. The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of PAHs adsorption on the surfactant-modified activated charcoal were investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was analyzed in-depth. Notably, the prepared modified coconut shell activated charcoal could not only remove more than 90% of PAHs from the peanut oil but also keep the cytotoxicity of the treated peanut oil low. Meanwhile, the detoxification procedure has little effect on the nutritional quality and flavor of the peanut oil. The results of this fundamental study demonstrate that the low-cost surfactant-modified coconut shell-based activated charcoal was effective and feasible.

[Standardization of next-generation sequencing for detecting mutations associated with targeted therapy and immunotherapy based on dynamic pattern of expandable detection range]

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has laid the foundation for precision oncology care. NGS technologynot only represents an innovation in the methodology but also brings about a revolution in the concept of detecting gene alterations for targeted therapy and immunotherapy of cancers. As basic biomedical research and drug development progress, the landscape of biomarkers associated with gene alterations continues to evolve. Thus, the standardization of NGS-based gene alterations detection should take into account the characteristics of NGS methods and the gene alteration biomarkers. To be specific, whether employed as in vitro diagnostic products or laboratory-developed tests, the detection range can be expanded in response to changes in the clinical evidence level of biomarkers during the process of assay development and clinical application. Such adjustment needs the analytical validation results for supplemented genes or mutant sites within a predefined detection system, which will maximally fulfill the evolving clinical demands in cancer diagnosis and treatment, simultaneously mitigate potential risks effectively. This article primarily discusses the standardization pathway for NGS testing of gene alterations in cancer by focusing on the characteristics of NGS methods, gene alteration biomarkers, and the current status of the standardization of NGS application.

Effectiveness of postsurgical rehabilitation following lumbar disc herniation surgery: A systematic review

Introduction

The effectiveness of post-surgical rehabilitation following lumbar disc herniation (LDH) surgery is unclear.

Research question

To investigate the effectiveness and safety of rehabilitation interventions initiated within three months post-surgery for adults treated surgically for LDH.

Material and methods

This systematic review searched seven databases from inception to November 2023. Independent reviewers screened studies, assessed and extracted data, and rated the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.

Results

This systematic review retrieved 20,531 citations and included 25 randomized controlled trials. The high certainty evidence suggests that adding Pilates exercise to routine care and cognitive behavioral therapy may improve function immediately post-intervention (1 RCT), and that adding whole-body magnetic therapy to exercise, pharmacological and aquatic therapy may reduce low back pain intensity (1 RCT) immediately post-intervention. Compared to placebo, pregabalin did not reduce low back pain or leg pain intensity (1 RCT) (moderate to high certainty evidence). We found no differences between: 1) behavioral graded activity vs. physiotherapy (1 RCT); 2) exercise and education vs. neck massage or watchful waiting (1 RCT); 3) exercise, education, and in-hospital usual care vs. in-hospital usual care (1 RCT); 4) functional or staged exercise vs. usual post-surgical care including exercise (2 RCTs); and 5) supervised exercise with education vs. education (1 RCT). No studies assessed adverse events.

Discussion and conclusion

Evidence on effective and safe post-surgical rehabilitation interventions is sparse. This review identified two interventions with potential short-term benefits (Pilates exercises, whole-body magnetic therapy) but safety is unclear, and one with an iatrogenic effect (pregabalin).

Prevalence and characteristics of healthcare utilization with different providers among Canadians with chronic back problems: A population-based study

Introduction

Understanding healthcare utilization by Canadians with back problems informs healthcare planning nationally.

Research question

What is the prevalence of utilization of healthcare providers (medical doctors, chiropractors, physiotherapists, nurses), and associated characteristics among Canadians with chronic back problems (2001-2016)?

Material and methods

This population-based study used Canadian Community Health Survey data (2001-2016) restricted to respondents with chronic back problems (aged ≥12 years). We used self-reported consultation with healthcare providers (medical doctors, chiropractors, physiotherapists, nurses) from 2001-2010, and self-reported regular healthcare provider from 2015-2016. We calculated the 12-month prevalence of utilization with providers, and used modified Poisson regression to assess sociodemographic, health-related and behavioural factors associated with utilization of different providers.

Results

From 2001 to 2010 and 2015/2016, respectively, prevalence of utilization of medical doctors was 87.9% (95% CI 87.6-88.2) and 86.7% (95% CI 85.9-87.5); chiropractors 24.0% (95% CI 23.6-24.4) and 14.5% (95% CI 13.8-15.3); physiotherapists 17.2% (95% CI 16.9-17.6) and 10.7% (95% CI 10.0-11.4); nurses 14.0% (95% CI 13.7-14.2) and 6.6% (95% CI 6.1-7.0). Females were more likely to see any provider than males. Persons of lower socioeconomic status were less likely to consult chiropractors or physiotherapists (2001-2016), or nurses (2001-2010). Immigrants were less likely to consult chiropractors or nurses. Persons aged >65 years were less likely to consult chiropractors or physiotherapists, and those with fair/poor general health were less likely to consult chiropractors, but more likely to consult other providers.

Discussion and conclusion

Medical doctors were most commonly consulted by Canadians with back problems, then chiropractors and physiotherapists. Characteristics of healthcare utilization varied by provider. Findings inform the need to strengthen healthcare delivery for Canadians with back problems.

SGLT2 knockdown restores the Th17/Treg balance and suppresses diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice by regulating SGK1 via Na. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024;584:112156. [PMID: 38278341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0]

The imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine-threonine kinase critical for stabilizing the Th17 cell phenotype. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a glucose transporter that serves as a treatment target for diabetes. Our study investigated the regulatory role of SGLT2 in the development of DN. The results revealed that SGLT2 knockdown suppressed high glucose-induced excessive secretion of sodium (Na+) and inflammatory cytokines in mouse renal tubular epithelial TCMK-1 cells. High Na+ content induced Th17 differentiation and upregulated SGK1, phosphorylated forkhead box protein O1 (p-FoxO1), and the interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23 R) in primary mouse CD4+ T cells. Co-culture of CD4+ T cells with the culture medium of TCMK-1 cells with insufficient SGLT2 expression significantly suppressed cell migration ability, reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited Th17 differentiation possibly by downregulating SGK1, p-FoxO1, and IL-23 R. In addition, in vivo data demonstrated that SGLT2 knockdown markedly downregulated SGK1 in db/db mice. Insufficient SGLT2 or SGK1 expression also ameliorated the Th17/Treg imbalance, suppressed the development of DN, and regulated the expression of IL-23 R and p-FoxO1. In conclusion, this study showed that SGLT2 knockdown restored the Th17/Treg balance and suppressed DN possibly by regulating the SGK1/p-FoxO1/IL-23 R axis by altering Na+ content in the local environment. These findings highlight the potential use of SGLT2 and SGK1 for the management of DN.

Comparative pharmacokinetic and intracerebral distribution of MDMB-4F-BICA in mice following inhalation ('vapor') and subcutaneous injection

MDMB-4F-BICA, also known as 4F-MDMB-BICA, is a new psychoactive substance that emerged in 2020. It is often illegally added to electronic cigarette oil for inhalation abuse, leading to serious adverse symptoms and even death. There are significant differences in pharmacokinetics between inhalation administration and conventional drug delivery methods. Inhalation administration can pass through the blood-brain barrier to enter the brain directly. However, the specific distribution of the drug in the brain following inhalation has not been well investigated. In order to scientifically compare the absorption and distribution of MDMB-4F-BICA after two administration methods (inhalation and subcutaneous injection), this study analyzed the drug concentration in mice blood and brain by LC-MS/MS after systemic exposure inhalation in the form of electronic cigarettes. The aim was to conduct the pharmacokinetics study of MDMB-4F-BICA after inhalation('vapor') administration. Pharmacokinetics and distribution of the compound revealed that the maximum concentrations in blood of this compound were reached at 0.5 min and 15 min, respectively, and the concentration in the brain reached the maximum at the same time after two modes of administration. The drug concentration in the brain was higher than that of subcutaneous injection, and the drug remained at a low concentration in the brain for a long period (20 ng/g brain tissue) with a significant distribution in several olfactory primary cortex brain regions. Taken together, the pharmacokinetics of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-4F-BICA after single systemic exposure inhalation were investigated for the first time in this study. A basis for subsequent evaluation research of inhalation-related harmfulness is provided by comparing the distribution of drugs in the brain after the two administration modes.

PtPd Atomic Layer Shelled PdCu Hollow Nanoparticles on Partially Unzipped Carbon Nanotubes for Breaking the Activity-Stability Trade-Off toward the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Media

Developing highly active yet stable catalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media remains a significant challenge. Herein, we designed a novel catalyst of atomic PtPd-layer shelled ultrasmall PdCu hollow nanoparticles (HPdCu NPs) on partially unzipped carbon nanotubes (PtPd@HPdCu/W-CNTs), which can achieve a high mass activity, 5 times that of the benchmark Pt/C, and show exceptional stability with negligible decay after 20,000 cycles of accelerated degradation test. The atomically thin PtPd shell serves as the primary active site for the HOR and a protective layer that prevents Cu leaching. Additionally, the HPdCu substrate not only tunes the adsorption properties of the PtPd layer but also prevents corrosive Pt from reaching the interface between NPs and the carbon support, thereby mitigating carbon corrosion. This work introduces a new strategy that leverages the distinct advantages of multiple components to address the challenges associated with slow kinetics and poor durability toward the HOR.

Interpreting the Mechanism of Active Ingredients in Polygonati Rhizoma in Treating Depression by Combining Systemic Pharmacology and In Vitro Experiments

Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) has certain neuroprotective effects as a homology of medicine and food. In this study, systematic pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments were integrated to verify the antidepressant active ingredients in PR and their mechanisms. A total of seven compounds in PR were found to be associated with 45 targets of depression. Preliminarily, DFV docking with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) showed good affinity. In vitro, DFV inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of BV-2 cells, reversed amoeba-like morphological changes, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. DFV reversed the malondialdehyde (MDA) overexpression and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression inhibition in LPS-induced BV-2 cells and decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. DFV inhibited both mRNA and protein expression levels of COX2 induced by LPS, and the activation of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase1 was suppressed, thus exerting an antidepressant effect. This study proves that DFV may be an important component basis for PR to play an antidepressant role.

Femtosecond Dynamics of Fast Electron Pulses in Relativistic Laser-Foil Interactions

We report the femtosecond time-resolved dynamics of relativistic electron pulses in ultraintense laser-foil interactions, by characterizing the terahertz self-radiation with single-shot ultrabroadband interferometry. Experimental measurements together with theoretical modeling reveal that the electron pulses inherit the duration of the driving laser pulse. We also visualize the electron recirculation dynamics, where electrons remain trapped inside the self-generated electrostatic potential well and rebound back and forth around the thin foil for hundreds of femtoseconds. Our results not only demonstrate an in situ, real-time metrology scheme for electron bursts, but also have important implications for understanding and manipulating the time-domain properties of laser-driven particle and radiation sources.

Novel Peptide DR3penA as a Low-Toxicity Antirenal Fibrosis Agent by Suppressing the TGF-β1/miR-212-5p/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Class a Domain Containing 4/Smad Axis

Renal fibrosis is a complex pathological process that contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease due to various risk factors. Conservative treatment to curb progression without dialysis or renal transplantation is widely applicable, but its effectiveness is limited. Here, the inhibitory effect of the novel peptide DR3penA (DHα-(4-pentenyl)-AlaNPQIR-NH2), which was developed by our group, on renal fibrosis was assessed in cells and mice with established fibrosis and fibrosis triggered by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), unilateral ureteral obstruction, and repeated low-dose cisplatin. DR3penA preserved renal function and ameliorated renal fibrosis at a dose approximately 100 times lower than that of captopril, which is currently used in the clinic. DR3penA also significantly reduced existing fibrosis and showed similar efficacy after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection. Mechanistically, DR3penA repressed TGF-β1 signaling via miR-212-5p targeting of low-density lipoprotein receptor class a domain containing 4, which interacts with Smad2/3. In addition to having good pharmacological effects, DR3penA could preferentially target injured kidneys and exhibited low toxicity in acute and chronic toxicity experiments. These results unveil the advantages of DR3penA regarding efficacy and toxicity, making it a potential candidate compound for renal fibrosis therapy.

Napex acupoint thread-embedding combined with metoprolol tartrate tablet for prophylactic treatment of migraine without aura: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES

To observe the efficacy of napex acupoint thread-embedding combined with metoprolol tartrate tablet for prophylactic treatment of migraine without aura, and to compare its efficacy with simple napex acupoint thread-embedding and simple metoprolol tartrate tablet.

METHODS

A total of 105 patients with migraine without aura were randomized into a combination group (35 cases, 5 cases dropped out), a thread-embedding group (35 cases, 4 cases dropped out) and a western medication group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped out). In the thread-embedding group, napex acupoint thread-embedding was applied at bilateral Fengchi (GB 20) and points of 1.5 cun nearby to the lower edge of spinous process of cervical 2. In the western medication group, metoprolol tartrate tablet was given orally, 12.5 mg a time, twice a day. In the combination group, napex acupoint thread-embedding combined with oral metoprolol tartrate tablet was delivered. The treatment of 8 weeks was required in the 3 groups. The days of headache attacks, frequency of headache attacks, headache severity (visual analogue scale [VAS] score) and the migraine specific quality of life questionnaire version 2.1 (MSQ) score were observed during baseline period (4 weeks before treatment to before treatment), observation period (1-4 weeks and 5-8 weeks in treatment) and follow-up period (1-4 weeks after treatment completion) respectively, the proportions of the days of headache attacks/frequency of headache attacks relieved by 50% were calculated, and the safety was evaluated in the 3 groups.

RESULTS

During the observation period and the follow-up period, the days of headache attacks, frequency of headache attacks and headache VAS scores in the 3 groups were reduced compared with those of the baseline period (P<0.05). During the observation period and the follow-up period, the days of headache attacks and the frequency of headache attacks in the combination group were lower than those in the thread-embedding group and the western medication group (P<0.05); during the observation period (1-4 weeks in treatment), the headache VAS scores in the combination group and the thread-embedding group were lower than that in the western medication group (P<0.05); during the observation period (5-8 weeks in treatment) and the follow-up period, the headache VAS scores in the combination group were lower than those in the thread-embedding group and the western medication group (P<0.05). During the observation period and the follow-up period, the scores of role restriction, role prevention and emotion function of MSQ in the combination group were increased compared with those of the baseline period (P<0.05); during the observation period (5-8 weeks in treatment) and the follow-up period, the role prevention scores of MSQ in the thread-embedding group and the western medication group were increased compared with those of the baseline period (P<0.05); during the follow-up period, the emotion function scores of MSQ in the thread-embedding group and the western medication group were increased compared with those of the baseline period (P<0.05). During the observation period and the follow-up period, the scores of role restriction, role prevention and emotion function of MSQ in the combination group were higher than those in the thread-embedding group and the western medication group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the proportions of the days of headache attacks/frequency of headache attacks relieved by 50% among the 3 groups (P>0.05), and there were no serious adverse reactions in the 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Napex acupoint thread-embedding combined with metoprolol tartrate tablet, simple napex acupoint thread-embedding and simple metoprolol tartrate tablet all can reduce the days of headache attacks and the frequency of headache attacks, relieve headache severity and improve the quality of life in patients with migraine without aura. Napex acupoint thread-embedding combined with metoprolol tartrate tablet has a better effect.

Association of the triglyceride-glucose index variability with blood pressure and hypertension: a cohort study

BACKGROUND

Several studies have indicated that the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) index is associated with hypertension; however, evidence on the association of change in the TyG index with blood pressure and hypertension is limited.

AIMS

To assess the association of the TyG index with blood pressure and hypertension.

DESIGN

A cohort study.

METHODS

We included 17 977 individuals with a mean age of 60.5 years from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dl)×fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, self-reported current use of antihypertensive medication or self-reported physician diagnosis of hypertension.

RESULTS

In the longitudinal analyses, we found a linear dose-response relationship between changes in the TyG index and change in blood pressure. Each one-unit change in the TyG index was associated with a 1.93 (1.23-2.63) mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 1.78 (1.42-2.16) mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). During a median follow-up of 9.37 years, a total of 3594 individuals were newly diagnosed with hypertension. We also found a linear dose-response relationship between the TyG index and the incidence of hypertension. The hazard ratio (HR) of hypertension for each one-unit increase in the TyG index was 1.21 (1.13-1.29). In addition, the best cut-off point of TyG for predicting hypertension was 8.4797, with sensitivity, and specificity of 57.85% and 55.40%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The TyG index had a positive dose-response relationship with blood pressure and could be used to predict the risk of hypertension.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle reveal potential genes affecting meat trait in Chinese indigenous Xiang pig

In this study, we compared the transcriptome of longissimus dorsi muscle between Guizhou Xiang pigs (XP) and Western commercial Large White pigs (LW), which show diffirent meat quality between them. In terms of meat quality traits, the pH 45 min, color score, backfat thickness, and intramuscular fat (IMF) content were higher in Xiang pigs than in Large White pigs (P < 0.01), while the drip loss, lean meat percentage, shear force, and longissimus dorsi muscle area of Xiang pigs were lower than that of Large White pigs (P < 0.01). Nutrients such as monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), total amino acids (TAA), delicious amino acids (DAA) and essential amino acids (EAA) in Xiang pigs were higher than that in Large White pigs, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of Xiang pigs was significantly lower than Large White pigs (P < 0.01). Transcriptome analysis identified 163 up-regulated genes and 88 genes down-regulated in Xiang pigs longissimus dorsi muscle. Combined with the correlation analysis and quantitative trait locis (QTLs) affecting meat quality, a total of 227 DEGs were screened to be significantly associated with meat quality values. Enrichment analysis indicated that numerous members of genes were gathered in muscle development, adipogenesis, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and synthesis. Of those, 29 genes were identified to be hub genes that might be related with the meat quality of Xiang pig, such as MYOD1, ACTB, ASNS, FOXO1, ARG2, SLC2A4, PLIN2, and SCD. Thus, we screened and identified the potential functional genes for the formation of meat quality in Xiang pigs, which provides a corresponding theoretical basis for the study of the molecular regulatory mechanism of pork quality and the improvement of pork quality.

Dysregulation of miR-25-3p in Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Role in Inflammatory Response

To investigate the expression level of miR-25-3p in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), and its effect on proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory response of mesangial cells cultured with high glucose. Blood samples of all clinical subjects were collected for RT-qPCR analysis to detect serum miR-25-3p levels. Human mesangial cells (HMCs) cultured with high glucose were used to construct DN model in vitro. MTT assay, flow cytometry and ELISA were used to evaluate the effects of miR-25-3p on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response of DN cell models. Serum miR-25-3p was decreased in both T2DM group and DN group, but more in DN group. Serum miR-25-3p was positively correlated with eGFR and negatively correlated with UAER. The expression of miR-25-3p was reduced in HMCs induced by high glucose. Transfection of miR-25-3p mimic could significantly up-regulate the miR-25-3p level in HMCs. Besides, high glucose culture resulted in abnormal proliferation of HMCs, reduced apoptotic cells, and increased inflammation. The addition of miR-25-3p mimic significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis and reduced the production of inflammatory factors. The abnormal reduction of serum miR-25-3p in DN indicates that it may be a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis of DN. In in vitro experiments, miR-25-3p was involved in the progression of DN by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response.

In situ electrochemical Mn vacancies in CoMnHCF for a high level of zinc storage

CoMnHCF is utilized in aqueous sodium/zinc mixed ion batteries and exhibits a high reversible capacity with good rate and cycle performances. At 0.05 A g-1 current density, the CoMnHCF can deliver a specific capacity for 180.4 mA h g-1, and have 99.3% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.3 A g-1. Such high reversible capacity profits from Mn vacancies that generate in situ during the first cycle, which provides more active sites for Zn storage. The de-intercalation of Na+ further elevates this good electrochemical performance. Co atoms in the framework are not only involved in the redox reactions, but help to support the structure, thus achieving better cycle stabilities.

Association between body fat distribution and age at menarche: a two sample Mendelian randomization study

Background

Numerous studies have examined the association between obesity and age at menarche (AAM), with most focusing on traditional obesity indicators such as body mass index. However, there are limited studies that explored the connection between body fat distribution and AAM, as well as a scarcity of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a two-sample MR study to evaluate the causal effects of eight body fat distribution indicators on AAM. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used for primary analysis, while supplementary approaches such as MR-Egger and weighted median were also utilized. Considering that the eight exposures were highly correlated, we performed an MR Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) analysis to prioritize the effect of major exposure on AAM. A series of sensitivity analyses were also performed.

Results

From a range of 82-105 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were utilized as genetic instrumental variables for each of the exposure factors. After Bonferroni correction, we found that whole body fat mass (β: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.11), left leg fat percentage (β: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.07), left leg fat mass (β: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.27, -0.12), left arm fat percentage (β: -0.18; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.11) and left arm fat mass (β: -0.18; 95%CI: -0.26, -0.10) were associated with decreased AAM using random effects IVW method. And the beta coefficients for all MR evaluation methods exhibited consistent trends. MR-BMA method validated that left arm fat percentage plays a dominant role in AAM.

Conclusions

Our MR study suggested that body fat has broad impacts on AAM. Obtaining more information on body measurements would greatly enhance our comprehension of pubertal development.

Segmentation of Bone Surface from Ultrasound Using a Lightweight Network UBS-Net

OBJECTIVE

Ultrasound-assisted orthopaedic navigation holds promise due to its non-ionizing feature, portability, low cost, and real-time performance. To facilitate the applications, it is critical to have accurate and real-time bone surface segmentation. Nevertheless, the imaging artifacts and low signal-to-noise ratios in the tomographical B-mode ultrasound (B US) images-create substantial challenges in bone surface detection. In this study, we present an end-to-end lightweight US bone segmentation network (UBS-Net) for bone surface detection. Approach. We present an end-to-end lightweight UBS-Net for bone surface detection, using the U-Net structure as the base framework and a level set loss function for improved sensitivity to bone surface detectability. A dual attention (DA) mechanism is introduced at the end of the encoder, which considers both position and channel information to obtain the correlation between the position and channel dimensions of the feature map, where axial attention (AA) replaces the traditional self-attention (SA) mechanism in the position attention module for better computational efficiency. The position attention and channel attention (CA) are combined with a two-class fusion module for the DA map. The decoding module finally completes the bone surface detection. Main Results. As a result, a frame rate of 21 frames per second (fps) in detection were achieved. It satisfied the real time requirement. The segmentation quality from the proposed approach outperformed the state-of-the-art method with higher accuracy (Dice similarity coefficient: 88.76% vs. 87.22%) in 612 retrospective testing images. Significance. The proposed UBS-Net for bone surface detection in ultrasound achieved outstanding accuracy and real-time performance. The new method out-performed the state-of-the-art methods. It had potential in US-guided orthopaedic surgery applications. .

Transcriptomic Changes and Regulatory Networks Associated with Resistance to Mastitis in Xinjiang Brown Cattle

Xinjiang brown cattle are highly resistant to disease and tolerant of roughage feeding. The identification of genes regulating mastitis resistance in Xinjiang brown cattle is a novel means of genetic improvement. In this study, the blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β in Xinjiang brown cattle with high and low somatic cell counts (SCCs) were investigated, showing that cytokine levels were higher in cattle with high SCCs. The peripheral blood transcriptomic profiles of healthy and mastitis-affected cattle were constructed by RNA-seq. Differential expression analysis identified 1632 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs), 1757 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs), and 23 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs), which were found to be enriched in key pathways such as PI3K/Akt, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interactions. Finally, ceRNA interaction networks were constructed using the differentially expressed genes and ceRNAs. It was found that keynote genes or mRNAs were also enriched in pathways such as PI3K-Akt, cholinergic synapses, cell adhesion molecules, ion binding, cytokine receptor activity, and peptide receptor activity, suggesting that the key genes and ncRNAs in the network may play an important role in the regulation of bovine mastitis.

Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals key genes and ceRNA regulatory networks associated with pimpled eggs in hens

Eggshell is one of the most important indicators of egg quality, and due to low shell strength, pimple eggs (PE) are more susceptible to breakage, thus causing huge economic losses to the egg industry. At the current time, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of pimple eggs are poorly understood. In this study, uterine tissues of PE-laying hens (n = 8) and normal egg (NE) -laying hens (n = 8) were analyzed by whole transcriptome sequencing, and a total of 619 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs), 122 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and 21 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were obtained. Based on the targeting relationship among DE mRNAs, DE lncRNAs and DE miRNAs, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network including 12 DE miRNAs, 19 DE lncRNAs, and 128 DE mRNAs. Considering the large amount of information contained in the network, we constructed a smaller ceRNA network to better understand the complex mechanisms of pimple egg formation. The smaller ceRNA network network contains 7 DE lncRNAs (LOC107056551, LOC121109367, LOC121108909, LOC121108862, LOC112530033, LOC121113165, LOC107054145), 5 DE miRNAs (gga-miR-6568-3p, gga-miR-31-5p, gga-miR-18b-3p, gga-miR-1759-3p, gga-miR-12240-3p) and 7 DE mRNAs (CABP1, DNAJC5, HCN3, HPCA, IBSP, KCNT1, OTOP3), and these differentially expressed genes may play key regulatory roles in the formation of pimpled eggs in hens. This study provides the overall expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs in the uterine tissues of hens, which provides a theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms of pimpled egg formation, and has potential applications in improving eggshell quality.

Understand the FDA-cleared fentanyl testing: A clinical evaluation of the SEFRIA fentanyl immunoassay

BACKGROUND

Screening for fentanyl has been adopted by many clinical laboratories to detect illicit drug use and monitor medication adherence. However, compared to other urine drug testing, fentanyl screening assays are relatively new and therefore their clinical performances are largely unknown. This study extensively evaluated the clinical performance, positive cutoff, and interference profile of SEFRIA fentanyl immunoassay in real patient settings.

METHODS

The FDA-cleared cutoff of 1.0 was verified with 21 urine samples with low or undetectable levels of fentanyl. After assay implementation, all screened-positive samples were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A new cutoff was derived from the numeric values of the false positive (FP) screening results. The FP rates before and after implementing the new cutoff were compared. Interferences were identified by an untargeted drug analysis and confirmed by spiking experiments.

RESULTS

A total of 3951 screening results were reviewed in the first two months of the assay utilization, 410 were screened-positive, and 157 (38 %) were FP. After a new cutoff of 1.3 was implemented, the FP rate was reduced to 17 % based on 11119 screening results. Trazodone, labetalol, and haloperidol were identified as major interferents, accounting for 56 % of the FP results using the cutoff of 1.3.

CONCLUSION

By applying the new cutoff and including an interference comment to positive screening results, the FP rate was reduced from initial 38 % to 7.5 % (17 % times 56 %).

The global prevalence of and risk factors for fear of falling among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

As a common psychological problem among older adults, fear of falling was found to have a wide range prevalence in different studies. However, the global prevalence of it was unknown and a lack of the large sample confirmed its risk factors.

OBJECTIVES

To report the global prevalence of fear of falling and to explore its risk factors among older adults for further developing precise interventions to systematically manage FOF.

DESIGN

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by PRISMA guidelines.

METHODS

Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the manual search in August 20, 2022, updated to September 2, 2023. Observational studies published in English were included and two researchers independently screened and extracted the data. Fixed or random effects mode was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of and risk factors for fear of falling. Heterogeneity resources were analyzed by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots, Egger's test and Begg's test.

RESULTS

A total of the 153 studies with 200,033 participants from 38 countries worldwide were identified. The global prevalence of fear of falling was 49.60%, ranging from 6.96-90.34%. Subgroup analysis found the estimates pooled prevalence of it was higher in developing countries (53.40%) than in developed countries (46.7%), and higher in patients (52.20%) than in community residents (48.40%). In addition, twenty-eight risk factors were found a significant associations with fear of falling, mainly including demographic characteristics, physical function, chronic diseases and mental problems.

CONCLUSION

The global prevalence of FOF was high, especially in developing countries and in patients. Demographic characteristics, Physical function, chronic diseases and mental problems were a significant association with FOF. Policy-makers, health care providers and government officials should comprehensively evaluate these risk factors and formulate precise intervention measures to reduce FOF.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The study was registered in the International Database of Prospectively Registered Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022358031.

Photoswitching in a Liquid Crystalline Pt(II) Coordination Complex

Photoswitching of photoluminescence has sparked tremendous research interests for super-resolution imaging, high-security-level anti-counterfeiting, and other high-tech applications. However, the excitation of photoluminescence is usually ready to trigger the photoswitching process, making the photoluminescence readout unreliable. Herein, we report a new photoswitch by the marriage of spiropyran with platinum(II) coordination complex. Viable photoluminescence can be achieved upon excitation by 480 nm visible light while the photoswitching can be easily triggered by 365 nm UV light. The feasible photoswitching may be benefited from the formed liquid crystalline (LC) phase of the designed photoswitch as a crystalline spiropyran is normally unable to implement photoswitching. Compared to the counterparts, this LC photoswitch can show distinct and reliable apparent colors and emission colors before and after photoswitching, which may promise the utility in high-security-level anti-counterfeiting and other advanced information technologies.

Network pharmacology and experimental evidence: ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway is involved in the antidepressive roles of Kaiyu Zhishen decoction

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) emerges as a complex psychosomatic condition, notable for its considerable suicidality and mortality rates. Increasing evidence suggests the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in mitigating depression symptoms and offsetting the adverse effects associated with conventional Western therapeutics. Notably, clinical trials have revealed the adjunctive antidepressant potential of Kaiyu Zhishen Decoction (KZD) alongside Western medication. However, the standalone antidepressant efficacy of KZD and its underlying mechanisms merit in-depth investigation.

AIM OF THE STUDY

This research aims to elucidate the impact of KZD on MDD and delineate its mechanistic pathways through integrated network pharmacological assessments and empirical in vitro and in vivo analyses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

To ascertain the optimal antidepressant dosage and mechanism of KZD, a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS)-induced depression model in mice was established to evaluate depressive behaviors. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and network pharmacological approaches were employed to predict KZD's antidepressant mechanisms. Subsequently, hippocampal samples were subjected to 4D-DIA proteomic sequencing and validated through Western blot, immunofluorescence, Nissl staining, and pathway antagonist applications. Additionally, cortisol-stimulated PC12 cells were utilized to simulate neuronal damage, analyzing protein and mRNA levels of MAPK-related signals and cell proliferation markers.

RESULTS

The integration of network pharmacology and HPLC identified kaempferol and quercetin as KZD's principal active compounds for MDD treatment. Proteomic and network pharmacological KEGG pathway analyses indicated the MAPK signaling pathway as a critical regulatory mechanism for KZD's therapeutic effect on MDD. KZD was observed to mitigate CUMS-induced upregulation of p-ERK/ERK, CREB, and BDNF protein expressions in hippocampal cells by attenuating oxidative stress, thereby ameliorating neuronal damage and exerting antidepressant effects. The administration of PD98059 counteracted KZD's improvements in depression-like behaviors and downregulated p-ERK/ERK and BDNF protein expressions in the hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation corroborates KZD's pivotal, dose-dependent role in antidepressant activity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate KZD's capacity to modulate the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway by diminishing ROS expression induced by oxidative stress, enhancing neuronal repair, and thus, manifesting antidepressant properties. Accordingly, KZD represents a promising herbal candidate for further antidepressant research.

Chemical characterisation of essential oil from Sambucus williamsii Hance leaves and its hepatoprotective effects

This study is the first to examine the effect of leaves of Sambucus williamsii Hance essential oil on acute liver injury. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the major constituents of S. williamsii essential oil (SEO)were (S)-falcarinol (62.66%), 17-pentatriacontene (7.78%) and tetrapentacontane (8.64%). Mice were pre-treated with SEO for 6 days followed by inducing liver injury with CCl4. The results indicated that SEO protected the liver against CCl4-induced injuries. Elevated levels of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were significantly reduced on SEO pre-treatment. SEO pre-treatment significantly inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathways were significantly modulated by SEO in the liver tissue. The findings demonstrate that the essential oil of S. williamsii has enhancing the resistance to CCl4-induced liver injury.

Sulfonic Functionalized Polydopamine Coatings with pH-Independent Surface Charge for Optimizing Capillary Electrophoretic Separations

Enhancing the pH-independence and controlling the magnitude of electroosmotic flow (EOF) are critical for highly efficient and reproducible capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations. Herein, we present a novel capillary modification method utilizing sulfonated periodate-induced polydopamine (SPD) coating to achieve pH-independent and highly reproducible cathodic EOF in CE. The SPD-coated capillaries were obtained through post-sulfonation treatment of periodate-induced PDA (PDA-SP) coatings adhered on the capillary inner surface. The successful immobilization of the SPD coating and the substantial grafting of sulfonic acid groups were confirmed by a series of characterization techniques. The excellent capability of PDA-SP@capillary in masking silanol groups and maintaining a highly robust EOF mobility was verified. Additionally, the parameters of sulfonation affecting the EOF mobilities were thoroughly examined. The obtained optimum SPD-coated column offered the anticipated highly pH-independent and high-strength cathodic EOF, which is essential for enhancing the CE separation performance and improving analysis efficiency. Consequently, the developed SPD-coated capillaries enabled successful high-efficiency separation of aromatic acids and nucleosides and rapid cyclodextrin-based chiral analysis of racemic drugs. Moreover, the SPD-coated columns exhibited a long lifetime and demonstrated good intra-day, inter-day, and column-to-column repeatability.

Marker Density and Models to Improve the Accuracy of Genomic Selection for Growth and Slaughter Traits in Meat Rabbits

The selection and breeding of good meat rabbit breeds are fundamental to their industrial development, and genomic selection (GS) can employ genomic information to make up for the shortcomings of traditional phenotype-based breeding methods. For the practical implementation of GS in meat rabbit breeding, it is necessary to assess different marker densities and GS models. Here, we obtained low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lcWGS) data from 1515 meat rabbits (including parent herd and half-sibling offspring). The specific objectives were (1) to derive a baseline for heritability estimates and genomic predictions based on randomly selected marker densities and (2) to assess the accuracy of genomic predictions for single- and multiple-trait linear mixed models. We found that a marker density of 50 K can be used as a baseline for heritability estimation and genomic prediction. For GS, the multi-trait genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) model results in more accurate predictions for virtually all traits compared to the single-trait model, with improvements greater than 15% for all of them, which may be attributed to the use of information on genetically related traits. In addition, we discovered a positive correlation between the performance of the multi-trait GBLUP and the genetic correlation between the traits. We anticipate that this approach will provide solutions for GS, as well as optimize breeding programs, in meat rabbits.

Relationship between workplace violence, job satisfaction, and burnout among healthcare workers in mobile cabin hospitals in China: Effects of perceived stress and work environment

Background

Although workplace violence is prevalent in the healthcare system, the relationship between workplace violence, job satisfaction, and burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs) in mobile cabin hospitals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been investigated. This study analyzes the mediating effects of perceived stress and work environment in the relationship between workplace violence, job satisfaction, and burnout.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2022 on 1,199 frontline HCWs working in mobile cabin hospitals in Chongqing, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple linear regression and mediation analysis were performed.

Results

A positive correlation was observed between workplace violence and burnout (r = 0.420, P < 0.01) and perceived stress (r = 0.524, P < 0.01), and a negative correlation was observed with job satisfaction (r = -0.254, P < 0.01). The perceived stress was positively correlated with burnout (r = 0.528, P < 0.01) and negatively with job satisfaction (r = -0.397, P < 0.01). Job satisfaction was negatively correlated with burnout (r = -0.300, P < 0.01). Perceived stress plays a significant mediating role between workplace violence and job burnout and between workplace violence and job satisfaction. The work environment has a significant moderating effect between workplace violence and job burnout and between workplace violence and job satisfaction.

Conclusion

To reduce burnout among HCWs, hospital administrators should focus on reducing the incidence of workplace violence and perceived stress from work and on improving the work environment and job satisfaction.

Mechanistic insights into targeting caspase-3 activation and alveolar macrophage pyroptosis by Ephedra and bitter almond compounds for treating pediatric pneumonia via network pharmacology and bioinformatics

This study investigates the molecular mechanism of Ma Huang-Ku Xing Ren, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in treating pediatric pneumonia. The focus is on the regulation of caspase-3 activation and reduction of alveolar macrophage necrosis through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses of Ephedra and bitter almond components. Active compounds and targets from ephedrine and bitter almond were obtained using TCMSP, TCMID, and GeneCards databases, identifying pediatric pneumonia-related genes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and core targets were screened. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified relevant genes and pathways. An acute pneumonia mouse model was created using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation method, with caspase-3 overexpression induced by a lentivirus. The mice were treated with Ephedra and bitter almond through gastric lavage. Lung tissue damage, inflammatory markers (IL-18 and IL-1β), and cell death-related gene activation were assessed through H&E staining, ELISA, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. The study identified 128 active compounds and 121 gene targets from Ephedra and bitter almond. The PPI network revealed 13 core proteins, and pathway analysis indicated involvement in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell necrosis, particularly the caspase-3 pathway. In vivo results showed that Ephedra and bitter almond treatment significantly mitigated LPS-induced lung injury in mice, reducing lung injury scores and inflammatory marker levels. It also decreased caspase-3 activity and cell death in alveolar macrophages. In conclusion, the active ingredients of Ma Huang-Ku Xing Ren, particularly targeting caspase-3, may effectively treat pediatric pneumonia by reducing apoptosis in alveolar macrophages, as demonstrated by both network pharmacology, bioinformatics analyses, and experimental data.

Nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study from the SEER database

OBJECTIVE

Endometrioid ovarian cancer (EnOC) accounts for approximately 10%-15% of epithelial ovarian cancer cases. There are no effective tools for predicting the prognosis of EnOC in clinical work. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a nomogram to predict overall survival and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with EnOC.

METHODS

Data regarding patients diagnosed with primary EnOC between 2004 and 2019 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. LASSO Cox regression and Cox regression analyses were performed to screen for prognostic factors, which were used to construct nomograms. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses of the prognostic value of chemotherapy and lymph node surgery.

RESULTS

In total, 3957 patients with primary EnOC were included in the analysis: 2770 in a training cohort and 1187 in a validation cohort. Age, stage, grade, lymph node surgery, and race were significantly and independently correlated with overall survival and CSS. Nomograms were constructed to predict 3- and 5-year overall survival and CSS. Nomograms have good predictive ability and clinical practicability. Subgroup analysis showed that lymph node surgery improved the prognosis of patients with EnOC (P < 0.05) except for patients with grade III-IV and Stage I disease (overall survival P = 0.272, CSS P = 0.624). Chemotherapy did not improve survival time in most patients (P > 0.05) except for patients with grade I-II and Stage II-IV disease (overall survival P = 0.008, CSS P = 0.046).

CONCLUSION

We constructed predictive nomograms and a risk classification system to evaluate overall survival and CSS in EnOC patients. For most patients with EnOC, chemotherapy did not improve the prognosis. In contrast to chemotherapy, lymph node surgery improved prognosis in most patients with EnOC.

Mitochondria-related chemoradiotherapy resistance genes-based machine learning model associated with immune cell infiltration on the prognosis of esophageal cancer and its value in pan-cancer

Esophageal cancer, known for its high incidence and low five-year survival rate, poses significant treatment challenges. A key aspect of this challenge is the close link between mitochondria and resistance to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Currently, there is a scarcity of biomarkers for predicting CRT response and prognosis in esophageal cancer. Our study addresses this gap by developing a prognostic model that incorporates mitochondria-related CRT resistance (MRCRTR) genes, including CTSL, TBL1X, CLN8, MMP1, PDPN, and MRPL37. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves reveals that patients with high MRCRTR scores have lower survival rates than those with low scores. Utilizing a nomogram, we successfully predict the one-, two-, and three-year overall survival rates for esophageal cancer patients. Cox regression analysis confirms the MRCRTR score as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, our single-cell and correlation analyses suggested that MRCRTR genes might influence CRT resistance by modulating the immune microenvironment and impacting angiogenesis. Our pan-cancer analysis also indicates the potential applicability of MRCRTR scores to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The validation of these findings, conducted with samples from Xiang-ya Hospital, aligns closely with our bioinformatics results. Our study not only explores the role of MRCRTR genes in predicting the prognosis of esophageal cancer but also enhances the understanding of the interplay between CRT, mitochondria, and patient outcomes.

Allelic variations of WAK106-E2Fa-DPb1-UGT74E2 module regulate fibre properties in Populus tomentosa

Wood formation, intricately linked to the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, underpins the capacity of trees to produce renewable resources and offer vital ecosystem services. Despite their importance, the genetic regulatory mechanisms governing wood fibre properties in woody plants remain enigmatic. In this study, we identified a pivotal module comprising 158 high-priority core genes implicated in wood formation, drawing upon tissue-specific gene expression profiles from 22 Populus samples. Initially, we conducted a module-based association study in a natural population of 435 Populus tomentosa, pinpointing PtoDPb1 as the key gene contributing to wood formation through the carbohydrate metabolic pathway. Overexpressing PtoDPb1 led to a 52.91% surge in cellulose content, a reduction of 14.34% in fibre length, and an increment of 38.21% in fibre width in transgenic poplar. Moreover, by integrating co-expression patterns, RNA-sequencing analysis, and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping, we identified a PtoDPb1-mediated genetic module of PtoWAK106-PtoDPb1-PtoE2Fa-PtoUGT74E2 responsible for fibre properties in Populus. Additionally, we discovered the two PtoDPb1 haplotypes that influenced protein interaction efficiency between PtoE2Fa-PtoDPb1 and PtoDPb1-PtoWAK106, respectively. The transcriptional activation activity of the PtoE2Fa-PtoDPb1 haplotype-1 complex on the promoter of PtoUGT74E2 surpassed that of the PtoE2Fa-PtoDPb1 haplotype-2 complex. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fibre properties in Populus, orchestrated by PtoDPb1, and offer a practical module for expediting genetic breeding in woody plants via molecular design.

Functional identification of two HMGB1 paralogues provides insights into autophagic machinery in teleost

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional regulator that plays different roles in various physiological and pathological processes including cell development, autophagy, inflammation, tumor metastasis, and cell death based on its cellular localization. Unlike mammalian HMGB1, two HMGB1 paralogues (HMGB1a and HMGB1b) have been found in fathead minnow and other fish species and its function as an inflammatory cytokine has been well investigated. However, the role of fish HMGB1 in autophagy regulation has not been well clarified. In the present study, we generated HMGB1 paralogues single (HMGB1a-/- and HMGB1b-/-) and double knockout (DKO) epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells from fathead minnow by CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the knockout efficiency of these genes was verified at both gene and protein levels. In this context, the effects of HMGB1 gene knockout on the protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3-II), an autophagy marker, were determined, showing that single knockout of two HMGB1 paralogues significantly decreased the expression of LC3-II, and these inhibitory effects were further amplified in HMGB1 DKO cells under both basal and rapamycin treatment conditions, indicating the role of two HMGB1 paralogues in fish autophagy. In agreement with this notion, overexpression of HMGB1a or HMGB1b with Flag-tag markedly upregulated LC3-II protein expression. Interestingly, overexpressing two paralogues distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Finally, the role of HMGB1-mediated autophagy was further explored, finding that HMGB1 could interact with Beclin1, a key initiation factor of autophagy. Taken together, these findings highlighted the role of HMGB1 paralogues as the autophagy regulator and increased our understanding of autophagic machinery in teleost.

Research progress on the pharmacological mechanism, in vivo metabolism and structural modification of Erianin

Erianin is an important bibenzyl compound in dendrobium and has a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. Since Erianin was discovered, abundant results have been achieved in the in vitro synthesis, structural modification, and pharmacological mechanism research. Researchers have developed a series of simple and efficient in vitro synthesis methods to improve the shortcomings of poor water solubility by replacing the chemical structure or coating it in nanomaterials. Erianin has a broad anti-tumor spectrum and significant anti-tumor effects. In addition, Erianin also has pharmacological actions like immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, metabolism, structural modification, and pharmacological action pathways of Erianin is of great value for the utilization of Erianin. Therefore, this review conducts a relatively systematic look back at Erianin from the above four aspects, to give a reference for the evolvement and further appliance of Erianin.

[Reversal Effect of NVP-BEZ235 on Doxorubicin-Resistance in Burkitt Lymphoma RAJI Cell Line]

OBJECTIVE

To study the reversal effect of NVP-BEZ235 on doxorubicin resistance in Burkitt lymphoma RAJI cell line.

METHODS

The doxorubicin-resistant cell line was induced by treating RAJI cells with a concentration gradient of doxorubicin. The levels of Pgp, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in cells were detected by Western blot. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. IC50 was computed by SPSS.

RESULTS

The doxorubicin-resistant Burkitt lymphoma cell line, RAJI/DOX, was established successfully. The expression of Pgp and the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR in RAJI/DOX cell line were both higher than those in RAJI cell line. NVP-BEZ235 downregulated the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR in RAJI/DOX cell line. NVP-BEZ235 inhibited the proliferation of RAJI/DOX cell line, and the effect was obvious when it was cooperated with doxorubicin.

CONCLUSION

The constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway of RAJI/DOX cell line was more serious than RAJI cell line. NVP-BEZ235 reversed doxorubicin resistance of RAJI/DOX cell line by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway.

CD19-CAR-DNT cells (RJMty19) in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma: a phase 1, first-in-human study

Background

Current approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products are autologous cell therapies that are costly and poorly accessible to patients. We aimed to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of a novel off-the-shelf anti-CD19 CAR-engineered allogeneic double-negative T cells (RJMty19) in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. We report the results from a first-in-human, open-label, single-dose, phase 1 study of allogeneic CD19-specific CAR double-negative T (CAR-DNT) cells.

Methods

Eligibility criteria included the presence of measurable lesions, at least 2 lines of prior immunochemotherapy, and an ECOG score of 0-1. We evaluated four dose levels (DL) of RJMty19 in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation scheme: 1 × 106, 3 × 106, 9 × 106 and 2 × 107 CAR-DNT cells per kilogram of body weight. All patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), incidence of adverse events (AEs), and clinically significant laboratory abnormalities. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of standard cellular pharmacokinetic parameters, immunogenicity, objective response rates (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) per Lugano 2014 criteria.

Findings

A total of 12 patients were enrolled between 22 July 2022 and 27 July 2023. Among these patients, 66% were classified as stage IV, 75% had an IPI score of 3 or higher, representing an intermediate risk or worse. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached because no DLT was observed. Four patient experienced grade 1 or 2 cytokine release syndrome and dizziness. The most common AEs were hematologic toxicities, including neutropenia (N = 12, 100%), leukopenia (N = 12, 100%), lymphopenia (N = 10, 83%), thrombocytopenia (N = 6, 50%), febrile neutropenia (N = 3, 25%), and anemia (N = 3, 25%). Seven subjects died till the cut-off date, five of them died of disease progression and two of them died of COVID 19. In all patients (N = 12), the ORR was 25% and CRR was 8.3%. DL1 and DL2 patients benefited less from the therapy (ORR: 17%, N = 1; DCR: 33%, N = 2). However, all DL3 patients achieved disease control (N = 3, 100%), and all DL4 patients achieved objective response (N = 3, 100%).

Interpretation

Our results demonstrate that CD19-CAR-DNT cells appear to be well tolerated with promising antitumor activity in LBCL patients. Further study of this product with a larger sample size is warranted. This phase 1 study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05453669).

Funding

Wyze Biotech. Co., Ltd.

Protein-Loaded Cellular Nanosponges for Dual-Biomimicry Neurotoxin Countermeasure

Neurotoxins present a substantial threat to human health and security as they disrupt and damage the nervous system. Their potent and structurally diverse nature poses challenges in developing effective countermeasures. In this study, a unique nanoparticle design that combines dual-biomimicry mechanisms to enhance the detoxification efficacy of neurotoxins is introduced. Using saxitoxin (STX), one of the deadliest neurotoxins, and its natural binding protein saxiphilin (Sxph) as a model system, human neuronal membrane-coated and Sxph-loaded metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosponges (denoted "Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS") are successfully developed. The resulting Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS exhibit a biomimetic design that not only emulates host neurons for function-based detoxification through the neuronal membrane coating, but also mimics toxin-resistant organisms by encapsulating the Sxph protein within the nanoparticle core. The comprehensive in vitro assays, including cell osmotic swelling, calcium flux, and cytotoxicity assays, demonstrate the improved detoxification efficacy of Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS. Furthermore, in mouse models of STX intoxication, the application of Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS shows significant survival benefits in both therapeutic and prophylactic regimens, without any apparent acute toxicity. Overall, the development of Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS represents an important advancement in neurotoxin detoxification, offering promising potential for treating injuries and diseases caused by neurotoxins and addressing the current limitations in neurotoxin countermeasures.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing the impact of probiotic supplementation on the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in females

BACKGROUND

A previous exploratory study demonstrated the ability of the Lab4 probiotic to alleviate the symptoms of IBS, and post hoc data analysis indicated greatest improvements in the female subgroup. The aim of this study is to confirm the impact of this multistrain probiotic on IBS symptom severity in females.

METHODS

An 8-week, single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, superiority study in 70 females with Rome IV-diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) receiving the Lab4 probiotic (25 billion colony-forming units) daily or a matched placebo. Changes from baseline in the IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS), daily bowel habits, anxiety, depression, IBS-related control, and avoidance behavior, executive function, and the fecal microbiota composition were assessed. The study was prospectively registered: ISRCTN 14866272 (registration date 20/07/22).

KEY RESULTS

At the end of the study, there were significant between-group reductions in IBS-SSS (-85.0, p < 0.0001), anxiety and depression scores (-1.9, p = 0.0002 and -2.4, p < 0.0001, respectively), and the IBS-related control and avoidance behavior score (-7.5, p = 0.0002), all favoring the probiotic group. A higher proportion of the participants in the probiotic group had normal stool form (p = 0.0106) and/or fewer defecations with loose stool form (p = 0.0311). There was little impact on the overall diversity of the fecal microbiota but there were significant differences in Roseburia, Holdemanella, Blautia, Agathobacter, Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Anaerostipes between the probiotic and placebo groups at the end of the study.

CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES

Daily supplementation with this probiotic may represent an option to be considered in the management of IBS.

Polyethyleneimine in designed nanocomposite based magnetic halloysite nanotubes for extraction and determination of gallic acid in green tea

An innovative and simple nanocomposite denoted as MHNTs@PEI was synthesized for gallic acid (GA) analytical sample pretreatment. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized was binded onto magnetic halloysite nanotubes (MHNTs) to inhence adsorption capacity. MHNTs@PEI was obtained only through two steps modification (amination and PEI modification). Characterizations showed that there are layers of synthetic PEI on the tubular structure of the material and magnetic spheres on its surface, both indicating successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms and kinetic modeling showed that the Langmuir model and pseudo-first-order model fit the adsorption data, respectively. MHNTs@PEI achieved an adsorption capacity of 158 mg·g-1. Overall, the abundant adsorption sites significantly improved the adsorption performance of the MHNTs@PEI. Regeneration tests demonstrated that the MHNTs@PEI exhibits effective adsorption, even after undergoing five consecutive cycles. Optimization of key parameters (ratio, volume of elution, elution time and frequency) in the process of adsorption and desorption was also conducted. The limit of detection (LOD) and that of the quantification (LOQ) were 0.19 and 0.63 μg·mL-1, respectively, and the recoveries were 95.67-99.43 %. Finally, the excellent magnetism (43.5 emu·g-1) and the adsorption feature of MHNTs@PEI enabled its successful utilization in analytical sample pretreatment through the extraction of GA from green tea.

CDKN2B-AS1 may act as miR-92a-3p sponge in coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND

LncRNAs, miRNAs, and the sponge effect between them exert diverse biological influences on the pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), thus necessitating an exploration of the lncRNA-miRNA-gene regulatory network in CAD.

METHODS

Expression profile GSE98583 was obtained from NCBI, containing the data of 12 CAD patients and 6 controls. Limma package was utilized to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis was performed by DAVID. The CAD-related miRNA-DEG associations were retrieved via HMDD and miRTarBase, and the CAD-related lncRNA-miRNA associations were retrieved via LncRNADisease and starBase. The CAD-related lncRNA-miRNA-DEG regulatory network was constructed by combining these associations. The dual luciferase test was carried out to validate the connections among lncRNA, miRNA, and gene.

RESULTS

Overall, 534 DEGs were identified between CAD samples and controls, including 243 up-regulated and 291 down-regulated, and were enriched in various gene ontology biological processes and KEGG pathways. The CAD-related miRNAs targeting DEGs included hsa-miR-206, has-miR-320b, has-miR-4513, has-miR-765, and has-miR-92a-3p, and hsa-miR-92a-3p regulated the most DEGs. In the lncRNA-miRNA associations, only CDKN2B-AS1 regulated the CAD-related miRNA, hsa-miR-92a-3p, which was validated using the dual luciferase test.

CONCLUSIONS

CDKN2B-AS1 may act as an hsa-miR-92a-3p sponge to regulate the downstream DEGs in CAD. CDKN2B-AS1/ hsa-miR-92a-3p/GATA2 might be a novel mechanism for CAD.

Efficacy and Safety of Preoperative Transcatheter Rectal Arterial Chemoembolisation in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Results from a Prospective, Phase II PCAR Trial

AIMS

The PCAR study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative transcatheter rectal arterial chemoembolisation (TRACE) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was a single-centre, prospective, phase II trial conducted in China. Eligible patients were adults aged 18 years and older with histologically confirmed stage II or III rectal carcinoma and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1. Patients received TRACE with oxaliplatin, followed by radiotherapy with a cumulative dose of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/time/day, five times a week for 5 weeks) and received oral S1 capsules twice daily (7 days a week for 4 weeks). Patients underwent total mesorectal excision 4-8 weeks after the completion of chemoradiotherapy, followed by mFOLFOX6 or CAPOX regimens for 4-6 months. The hypothesis of this study was that adding TRACE to preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy would improve tumour regression and prognosis. The primary end point was the pathological complete response rate; secondary end points included the major pathological response rate, anal preservation rate, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), 5-year overall survival and treatment-related adverse events.

RESULTS

In total, 111 LARC patients received TRACE and subsequent scheduled treatment plans. The pathological complete response and major pathological response rates were 20.72% and 48.65%, respectively. The 5-year DFS and 5-year overall survival were 61.89% (95% confidence interval 51.45-74.45) and 74.80% (95% confidence interval 65.05-86.01), respectively. Grade 3-4 toxicities were reported in 29 patients (26.13%). The postoperative complication rate was 21.62%, without serious surgical complications. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ypN stage (hazard ratio = 4.242, 95% confidence interval 2.101-8.564, P = 0.00017) and perineural invasion (hazard ratio = 2.319, 95% confidence interval 1.058-5.084, P = 0.0487) were independent risk factors associated with DFS, whereas ypN stage (hazard ratio = 3.164, 95% confidence interval 1.347-7.432, P = 0.0101), perineural invasion (hazard ratio = 4.118, 95% confidence interval 1.664-10.188, P = 0.0134) and serum carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199; hazard ratio = 4.142, 95% confidence interval 1.290-13.306, P = 0.0344) were independent predictors for overall survival.

CONCLUSION

The current study provides evidence that adding TRACE to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can improve the pathological remission rate in LARC patients with acceptable toxicity. Given its promising effectiveness and safe profile, incorporating TRACE into the standard treatment strategy for patients with LARC should be considered.