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Ahmed SM, Maheshwari P, Agarwal S, Nadeem A, Singh L. Evaluation of the efficacy of simplified Fencl-Stewart equation in analyzing the changes in acid base status following resuscitation with two different fluids. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2014; 3:206-10. [PMID: 24404459 PMCID: PMC3883200 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.119203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic acid-base disorders in critically ill patients may not be identified by base excess (BE) approach. Anion gap method can detect approximately 1/3 hidden “gap acidosis”. In such conditions, when adjusted for hypoalbuminemia, Fencl-Stewart's approach can reliably detect the hidden abnormal anions. Aim: Evaluate the efficacy of simplified Fencl-Stewart equation in identifying the changes in acid-base status of sepsis patients following resuscitation with two different fluids. Settings and Design: Intensive care unit, randomized, prospective, interventional study. Materials and Methods: Three hundred adult patients of both sexes presenting with abdominal sepsis, requiring fluid resuscitation were randomly assigned into normal saline (NS) and Ringer's lactate (RL) group, each comprising of 150 patients. 20 ml/kg of NS or RL were administered over a period of 30 min. The changes in the acid-base status were calculated applying the simplified Fencl-Stewart equation and was compared with the measured values obtained through arterial blood gas. Statistical Methods: Paired t-test for intra-group while unpaired t-test for inter-group comparison. Results: Blood pH and standard BE decreased and the serum Na+ and Cl- level increased significantly in NS group. The serum albumin level significantly decreased in both the groups. Sodium chloride effect on BE significantly increased in NS group. Albumin effect on BE significantly increased in both the groups. Unmeasured ion effect on BE did not significantly change in both the groups. Measured standard BE level was significantly less as compared to unmeasured anion effect on BE, in both the groups. Conclusion: Simplified Fencl-Stewart equation is effective in identifying a mixed acid-base disorder, which otherwise would remain undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moied Ahmed
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - P Maheshwari
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - S Agarwal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Abu Nadeem
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - L Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, SRMS, Bareilley, India
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Singh L, Malhotra R, Bundela RK, Garg P, Dhillon KS, Chawla S, Lal BB. Ocular disability--WHO grade 2 in persons affected with leprosy. Indian J Lepr 2014; 86:1-6. [PMID: 25163254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy remains to be a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy and disability. In recent years under Leprosy control programme more stress is being laid on disability assessment. This study was aimed to find prevalence of grade of Ocular disability among persons affected with leprosy (PAL) according to WHO disability grading scale and to find Ocular contributors to grade 2 disability in PAL. A cross sectional study was carried out in tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. About 302 PAL were interviewed and their eyes clinically examined during 2 years. Data was analysed in percentages, x2 test, Anova. Ocular disability was found in 39.40% persons affected with leprosy (PAL). Of 604 eyes, 13.07% had grade 1 disability and 19.86% had grade 2 disabilities. Bilateral disability was more common than unilateral disability. Ocular disability was more common in PAL with more than one year of leprosy and even higher in those staying in leprasoria (p = 0.012). The most common cause of ocular grade 2 disabilities was corneal involvement (14.23% PAL). Cataract was found to be the most common cause of visual disability (although it is not caused by leprosy). Screening for ocular disability should be incorporated as a routine protocol in PAL to reduce the severity of Ocular disability. Early diagnosis and prompt preventive measure is essential to reduce the burden of visual impairment and blindness in PALthus bringing down the load of grade 2 disability due to leprosy in the society which in itself is an indicator of leprosy control.
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Rahman M, Hussain A, Iqbal Z, Harwansh R, Singh L, Ahmad S. Nanosuspension: A Potential Nanoformulation for Improved Delivery of Poorly Bioavailable Drug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/187640290504131127121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li HB, Liao HY, Lin ST, Liu SK, Singh L, Singh MK, Soma AK, Wong HT, Wu YC, Zhao W, Asryan G, Chuang YC, Deniz M, Fang JM, Hsu CL, Huang TR, Kiran Kumar G, Lee SC, Li J, Li JM, Li YJ, Li YL, Lin CW, Lin FK, Liu YF, Ma H, Ruan XC, Shen YT, Singh V, Tang CJ, Tseng CH, Xu Y, Yang SW, Yu CX, Yue Q, Zeng Z, Zeyrek M, Zhou ZY. Limits on spin-independent couplings of WIMP dark matter with a p-type point-contact germanium detector. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:261301. [PMID: 23848861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.261301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report new limits on a spin-independent weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon interaction cross section using 39.5 kg days of data taken with a p-type point-contact germanium detector of 840 g fiducial mass at the Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory. Crucial to this study is the understanding of the selection procedures and, in particular, the bulk-surface events differentiation at the sub-keV range. The signal-retaining and background-rejecting efficiencies were measured with calibration gamma sources and a novel n-type point-contact germanium detector. Part of the parameter space in the cross section versus WIMP-mass implied by various experiments is probed and excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Nath MJ, Bora AK, Yadav K, Talukdar PK, Dhiman S, Baruah I, Singh L. Prioritizing areas for malaria control using geographical information system in Sonitpur district, Assam, India. Public Health 2013; 127:572-8. [PMID: 23701814 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the malaria hot spots at health subcentre level in an endemic district using a geographical information system (GIS). The results will be useful for rapid retrieval of malaria information, and to prioritize malaria control efforts in identified hot spots. STUDY DESIGN Extraction, analysis and synthesis of relevant data. METHODS Malaria epidemiological data from 2006 to 2009 were analysed to determine the annual parasitic index, slide positivity rate, annual blood examination rate and Plasmodium falciparum percentage for each health subcentre in the district. Maps were produced using GIS, and integrated to identify the malaria hotspots. RESULTS Out of 288 health subcentres, GIS identified 10 hot spots at extremely high risk of malaria and 14 hot spots at high risk of malaria. Malaria may flare up in these hot spots whenever favourable transmission conditions arise. Health authorities have been advised to establish control measures in these selected hot spots for timely prevention. CONCLUSION There is a need for adequate monitoring and allocation of available resources for better interventions in the malaria hotspots. The GIS model used in this study can be used, even at village or cluster level, to pin point the malaria hot spots, and information can be updated and retrieved easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nath
- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, India
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Ma JF, Von Kalle M, Plautz Q, -M Xu F, Singh L, Wang L. Relaxin promotes in vitro tumour growth, invasion and angiogenesis of human Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by AKT/VEGF pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:1345-1350. [PMID: 23740448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we determine the role of relaxin on cellular growth, invasion and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells in vitro, and discuss the molecular mechanisms of this action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saos-2 cells were transfected with Akt1/2 siRNA or VEGF siRNA for 24 hours then treated with 10-100 ng/mL recombinant human relaxin-2 (rh-RLN) for 48 h. MTT, matrigel and bone marrow-derived endothelial cells (BMDECs) was used for cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis assay. Western blot was used for relaxin-2, pAKT and VEGF protein assay. RESULTS The results showed treatment with 10-100 ng/mL rh-RLN resulted in 18%, 48%, 107%, 212% increase in cell proliferation, respectively (vs control, *p < 0.05;**p < 0.01), the relative invasive cells was 1.4;1.9;2.6;4.8 (control was defined to 1) (vs control, #p < 0.01; ##p < 0.001) and the relative anglogenic branch points in Saos-2 cells was 1.04;1.36;1.69;2.10 (control was defined to 1.00) (vs control, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). Furthermore, treatment with rh-RLN exhibited a significant increase in the expression level of pAKT and VEGF proterin in dose-dependent manner. Saos-2 cells were transfected with AKT1/2 siRNA for 24 h. No significant increase of VEGF protein expression was shown after rh-RLN treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that rh-RLN could promoted proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis by upregulation pAKT-dependent VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Ma
- Department of Spine, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, China.
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Tewari HK, Marwaha SS, Singh L, Kennedy JF. Acid and enzymatic saccharification of agricultural mixed polymers for alcohol production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4980190501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Policegoudra RS, Saikia S, Das J, Chattopadhyay P, Singh L, Veer V. Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Composition of Garcinia lancifolia. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:268-71. [PMID: 23439879 PMCID: PMC3574540 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia lancifolia (Clusiaceae) is an unexplored medicinal plant used as stomachic, diuretic and its fruit is used to cure dysentery and diarrhoea. The acidic fruits are used to prepare juice, pickle and curries. The phytochemical analysis of different extracts of G. lancifolia leaf, stem and fruit revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. The high phenolic content was observed in the methanol extract of leaf followed by methanol extract of stem and dichloromethane extract of leaf. The G. lancifolia fruit juice exhibited high antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis. The methanol extract of fruit pulp was also very effective against Gram-positive bacteria when compared with Gram-negative bacteria. The radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was highest in fruit juice followed by methanol extract of leaf and stem. All extracts showed concentration-dependent increase in the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Policegoudra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur-784 001, India
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Abstract
The northeast region of India, considered as 'hot spot' of biodiversity, having unique ecological environment with hot and high-humidity conditions, has given rise to the world's hottest chilli, 'Bhut Jolokia', which is at least two times hotter than Red Savina Habanero in terms of Scoville heat units (SHU). This study was undertaken to determine the distinctiveness of 'Bhut Jolokia' from Capsicum frutescens or Capsicum chinense through sequencing of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-internal transcribed ((ITS) region along with its phylogenetic analysis. Although a compensatory base change (CBC) in the ITS2 region was not observed between the closely related species of C. frutescens and C. chinense when compared with Bhut Jolokia; phylogenetic analysis using ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 sequences indicated a distinct clade for all the accessions of 'Bhut Joloikia', while C. frutescens and C. chinense occupied discrete lineages. Further, a unique 13-base deletion was observed in all the representative accessions of 'Bhut Jolokia', making it distinct from all other members within the genus and beyond. The degree of genetic variations along with its extreme pungency might be related to ambient environmental factors of northeastern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Purkayastha
- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India.
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Das J, Jha DK, Policegoudra RS, Mazumder AH, Das M, Chattopadhyay P, Singh L. Isolation and Characterization of Antidermatophytic Bioactive Molecules from Piper longum L. Leaves. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 52:624-9. [PMID: 24293721 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) commonly known as "long pepper" is a well known medicinal plant in ayurveda. Different parts of this plant, such as root, seed, fruit, whole plant etc. are used traditionally in various ailments. Here we have investigated the antidermatophytic activity of sequentially extracted petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts from P. longum leaf against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, Microsporum fulvum and M. gypseum. Better activity of chloroform and methanol extracts was observed. The chloroform extract was selected for further study and the MIC value was recorded as 5.0 mg ml(-1) against the test organisms. In the chloroform extract, tannins and phenolic compounds were detected. Further activity-guided fractionation of chloroform extract by silica gel column chromatography yielded nine major fractions. Among these, fraction-1, 4, 5 and 7 showed higher antidermatophytic activity. Fraction-4 on further purification by repeated column chromatography yielded a potential antidermatophytic fraction showing MIC value of 0.625 mg ml(-1) against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum as determined by broth microdilution method. The major compounds were identified as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (C24H38O4] (41.45 %), 2,2-dimethoxybutane (C6H14O2] (13.6 %) and β-myrcene (C10H16) (6.75 %) based on GC-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Das
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur, 784001 Assam India
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Khattri A, Reddy VP, Pandey RK, Sudhakar DVS, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty BN, Deenadayal M, Singh L, Thangaraj K. Novel mutations in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) gene in infertile men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 35:810-818. [PMID: 22897820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase, which plays an important role in the spermatogenesis by phosphorylating protamines. It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of human sperm motility. Moreover, the Camk4 knockout mice were infertile because of severely reduced sperm count and morphological abnormalities. As no study is available on the association of this gene with male infertility, we analysed all the exons of CAMK4 gene in ethnically matched 283 infertile and 268 fertile Indian men. We identified twenty nucleotide substitutions, of which twelve were novel. Of these novel variants, eight were exclusively detected in infertile men. Moreover, two infertile men-specific mutations were non-synonymous replacing amino acids at the highly conserved region. In silico analysis predicted both of these mutations as 'deleterious'. In addition to nucleotide substitutions, we identified five novel insertion-deletion mutations; of these, g.150264_66delGCG was exclusively found in two oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men. In silico analysis of infertile men exclusive mutations predicted that they can alter/diminish the potential binding sites of splicing factors, which may affect the mRNA splicing and protein translation. Our study suggests that the mutations in CAMK4 may lead to abnormal semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khattri
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Sontakke SD, Kandukuri LR, Umapathy G, Kulashekaran KM, Venkata PO, Shivaji S, Singh L. The 34,XY1,der(13) chromosome constitution with loss of Y2 is associated with unilateral testicular hypoplasia in the endangered Indian blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra). Sex Dev 2012; 6:240-6. [PMID: 22846804 DOI: 10.1159/000339898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is the first report of unilateral testicular hypoplasia in 3 of 15 (20%) Indian blackbuck antelopes (Antilope cervicapra). Interestingly, the condition was restricted to only the right testis in all cases. Cytogenetic analysis revealed chromosomal aneuploidy in the affected individuals which had a 34,XY(1),der(13) karyotype with loss of the acrocentric (autosomal) Y(2) and an aberrant chromosome 13. We further determined that the semen output and the circulating testosterone levels were markedly low in the males with hypoplastic testes as compared to fertile males.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Sontakke
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species Annexe I and Chromosome Diagnostics Facility, Clinical Research Facility-Medical Biotechnology Annexe II, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India
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Kalsariya B, Prajapati P, Vaishnav P, Singh L, Gupta S, Patgiri B. P01.11. Amalaki Rasayana, an Ayurvedic preparation: to evaluate its effect against experimental gastric ulcers in albino rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373511 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rana R, Stevens E, Singh L, Shah-Pradhan T, Alagkiozidis I, Salame G, Lee Y, Abulafia O. Nationwide Chemotherapy Drug Shortages and the Impact on Patients with Gynecologic Malignancy at a Single Institution. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dhiman S, Yadav K, Goswami D, Das NG, Baruah I, Singh L. Epidemiology and Risk Analysis of Malaria among Pregnant Women. Iran J Public Health 2012; 41:1-8. [PMID: 23113116 PMCID: PMC3481657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a complex problem during the pregnancy, which threatens > 35 millions pregnant women every year. Malaria pathogenesis in pregnancy results in accumulation of infected RBCs in the intervillous spaces causing severe alterations leading to the reduced materno-foetal exchanges. In this article we have revisited the current evidences of clinical implications and overall burden of malaria in pregnancy. Many adverse aftermaths including, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm delivery, stillbirth and anemia were found associated with malaria in pregnant women. Despite of worldwide comprehensive control programmes for malaria in pregnancy, the disease control has been a daunting task everywhere. Socio cultural, economical, lack of awareness and various logistic problems compound the disease in developing countries. Thorough evidence based information and estimates, education and awareness and strengthening of prevention programmes are needed urgently to achieve success in malaria control in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dhiman
- Corresponding Author: Tel: +91 3712 258538/ 34, E-mail address: Sunil Dhiman –
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Policegoudra RS, Aradhya SM, Singh L. Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.)--a promising spice for phytochemicals and biological activities. J Biosci 2012; 36:739-48. [PMID: 21857121 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) is a unique spice having morphological resemblance with ginger but imparts a raw mango flavour. The main use of mango ginger rhizome is in the manufacture of pickles and culinary preparations. Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems have given much importance to mango ginger as an appetizer, alexteric, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, emollient, expectorant and laxative and to cure biliousness, itching, skin diseases, bronchitis, asthma, hiccough and inflammation due to injuries. The biological activities of mango ginger include antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory activity, platelet aggregation inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, antiallergic activity, hypotriglyceridemic activity, brine-shrimp lethal activity, enterokinase inhibitory activity, CNS depressant and analgesic activity. The major chemical components include starch, phenolic acids, volatile oils, curcuminoids and terpenoids like difurocumenonol, amadannulen and amadaldehyde. This article brings to light the major active components present in C. amada along with their biological activities that may be important from the pharmacological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Policegoudra
- Department of Biotechnology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784001, India.
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Chattopadhyay P, Pandey A, Goyary D, Chaurasia A, Singh L, Veer V. Technetium-99m-labeled deoxynivalenol from Fusarium mycotoxin alters organ toxicity in BALB/c mice by oral and intravenous route. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992012000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Policegoudra RS, Goswami S, Aradhya SM, Chatterjee S, Datta S, Sivaswamy R, Chattopadhyay P, Singh L. Bioactive constituents of Homalomena aromatica essential oil and its antifungal activity against dermatophytes and yeasts. J Mycol Med 2011. [PMID: 23177818 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Homalomena aromatica rhizomes are rich source of essential oils, which have been attributed for various medicinal uses. In the present investigation, essential oil from H. aromatica rhizomes was isolated and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Fifty-five chemical constituents were reported from H. aromatica rhizomes of which T-muurolol (5.32%), viridiflorol (3.69%), α-selinene (2.19%), M-cymene (2.19%) and γ-Muurolene (1.81%) were identified and reported for the first time. Other major components were identified as linalool (62.5%), terpene-4-ol (7.08%), δ-cadinene (5.57%), α-cadinol (3.71%) and spatulenol (1.81%). H. aromatica rhizome essential oil showed high antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum, Trichosporon beigelii and Candida albicans.
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Aruna M, Sudheer PS, Andal S, Tarakeswari S, Reddy AG, Thangaraj K, Singh L, Reddy BM. HLA-G polymorphism patterns show lack of detectable association with recurrent spontaneous abortion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:216-22. [PMID: 20492598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a class I non-classical molecule that is predominantly expressed on the extravillous cytotrophoblasts at foetal-maternal interface during pregnancy. We recruited 143 recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and 150 control couples for the study. DNA-based typing of the HLA-G was carried out to explore if we can validate the patterns of association reported elsewhere or find association of novel HLA-G alleles with RSA in the Indian population. We also evaluated the role of allele sharing in couples with RSA. We did not find association of any of the HLA-G alleles with RSA in our study. There is a general trend of increase in sharing among the RSA couples, but the increase is not significant. The results suggest that the HLA-G alleles or the allele sharing by couples may not play a significant role in the manifestation of RSA in the Indian context albeit more studies are required before making any definitive statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aruna
- Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Elenbaas B, Singh L, Boccia A, Cullen P, Peng H, Rohde E, Raimundo B, Kumaravel G, Joseph I. 105 BIIB024, a potent pan-Raf kinase inhibitor for melanoma and solid tumors. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Rajender S, Pooja S, Gupta NJ, Chakrabarty B, Singh L, Thangaraj K. G708E Mutation in the Androgen Receptor Results in Complete Loss of Androgen Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 32:193-8. [DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.110.010736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tan S, Ahmad I, Singh L, Nixon C, Edwards J, Leung H. 168 Grp78 activity is associated with Androgen Receptor status and upregulated in Hormone-Refractory prostate cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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73
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Khattri A, Bhushan SS, Sireesha V, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty BN, Deendayal M, Prasad S, Singh L, Thangaraj K. The TNP1 haplotype - GCG is associated with azoospermia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:173-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Lamptey
- Project Engineer, C3TS, 901 Ponce De Leon Blvd., Suite 900, Coral Gables, FL 33134 (corresponding author)
- Graduate Student, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Assistant Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Olson Distinguished Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - L. Singh
- Project Engineer, C3TS, 901 Ponce De Leon Blvd., Suite 900, Coral Gables, FL 33134 (corresponding author)
- Graduate Student, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Assistant Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Olson Distinguished Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - S. Labi
- Project Engineer, C3TS, 901 Ponce De Leon Blvd., Suite 900, Coral Gables, FL 33134 (corresponding author)
- Graduate Student, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Assistant Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Olson Distinguished Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - K. C. Sinha
- Project Engineer, C3TS, 901 Ponce De Leon Blvd., Suite 900, Coral Gables, FL 33134 (corresponding author)
- Graduate Student, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Assistant Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Olson Distinguished Professor, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Rao L, Turlapati R, Patel M, Panda B, Tosh D, Mangalipalli S, Tiwari A, Orunganti V, Rose D, Anand A, Kulashekaran M, Priya S, Mishra R, Majumdar K, Aggarwal R, Singh L. Cytogenetic Characterization and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization of (GATA) 10 Repeats on Established Primary Cell Cultures from Indian Water Snake (Natrix piscator) and Indian Mugger (Crocodylus palustris) Embryos. Cytogenet Genome Res 2010; 127:287-96. [DOI: 10.1159/000304046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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76
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Goel AK, Jain M, Kumar P, Kamboj DV, Singh L. Virulence profile and clonal relationship among the Vibrio cholerae isolates from ground and surface water in a cholera endemic area during rainy season. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 55:69-74. [PMID: 20336507 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
All the V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolates from ground and surface water samples collected during the rainy season (rainfall contributes significantly in the spread of cholera) contained ompW and a regulatory toxR gene, while many others possessed accessory cholera toxin (ace), hemolysin (hlyA) and outer membrane protein (ompU) genes. All the isolates lacked ctxAB, tcp, zot, rfbO1 and rfbO139 genes. The strains could be grouped into two main clusters colligating the isolates from ground water and surface water samples. The results suggest that surface water harbors various virulent V. cholerae strains that contaminate the ground water due to rain or poor hygienic practices, and result in the emergence of new toxigenic strains for cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Goel
- Biotechnology Division, Defense Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474002, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that findings of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) relate to outcome in pulmonary embolus (PE). These include clot burden as quantified using an obstruction index and markers of pressure overload such as right ventricle to left ventricle size ratio (RV/LV ratio). Little data exists correlating these findings with clinical presentation and biomarkers. AIM To explore the link between clinical presentation and biomarkers with CTPA findings. METHODS Retrospective case note analysis of consecutive cases presenting to a large teaching hospital. An independent radiologist reviewed CTPAs and clot burden quantified using an obstruction index. RESULTS One hundred and seventy cases were identified and notes retrieved in 137 cases. (i) CLINICAL PRESENTATION correlation was seen between clot burden and systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = -0.299, P = 0.0006) and heart rate (r = 0.240, P = 0.0056). Median obstruction index was significantly higher in those with a presenting BP <90 mmHg [41.25% (95% CI 30-50) vs. 15% (95% CI 12.5-25), (P = 0.0004)]. Clot burden was significantly higher in patients with temperature of >37.5 degrees C [30% (95% CI 25.0-42.5) vs. 15% (95% CI 12.5-28.3), P = 0.02)] and (ii)Biomarkers: significant correlation between clot burden and D-dimer was seen (r = 0.36, P = 0.0001). Location of thrombus was associated with significant differences in D-dimer level. A subgroup of patients had cardiac biomarkers measured (n = 24). There was a statistically significant correlation between troponin I and clot burden (r = 0.412, P = 0.048) and RV/LV ratio (r = 0.699, P = 0.0013). DISCUSSION These findings suggest that clinical parameters and biomarkers have a role in predicting the radiological severity of PE. These data support the need for further studies of risk stratification in patients presenting with acute PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jeebun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
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78
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Singh L. O871 Women with pregnancy complication are compelled to opt for non-institutional delivery: a study of Allahabad District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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79
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Khattri A, Pandey RK, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty B, Deenadayal M, Singh L, Thangaraj K. APOB Gene Signal Peptide Deletion Polymorphism Is Not Associated With Infertility in Indian Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 30:734-8. [DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.109.007898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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80
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Khattri A, Pandey RK, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty B, Deenadayal M, Singh L, Thangaraj K. Estrogen receptor beta gene mutations in Indian infertile men. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:513-20. [PMID: 19509112 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that estrogens play an important role in male fertility. Estrogen signaling is mediated by Estrogen Receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta). Association of ERbeta with male infertility has not been analyzed to date except for genotyping of known polymorphisms in two different studies, which yielded controversial interpretation. Hence, we performed sequencing of all the exons and untranslated regions of ERbeta gene in 300 infertile and 255 fertile control Indian men. We identified eight novel mutations and four known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Of the eight novel mutations, four were non-synonymous, of which one was detected only in infertile men, whereas the other three mutations were detected only in fertile men. Using different bioinformatics tools, we predicted that non-synonymous mutations were benign and they neither altered the structure nor the function of the protein. Among synonymous novel mutations, one was detected in both fertile and infertile men, two were exclusive to infertile men and one was exclusive to fertile men. None of the known SNPs or novel mutations showed statistically significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Moreover, infertile men having ERbeta mutations had normal reproductive tract and serum hormone levels. Our results suggest that the SNPs and mutations in ERbeta gene are not a common cause of spermatogenesis failure in Indian men, although mutations specifically found in infertile men can affect transcription, translation or have synergic effect with other variants in causing infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khattri
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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81
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Kandukuri L, Suryanarayana V, Deenadayal M, Singh L. EVALUATION OF CRITICAL GENETIC VARIATION IN IDIOPATHIC RECURRENT MISCARRIAGES AMONG SOUTH INDIAN WOMEN-A GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC APPROACH. Maturitas 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(09)70533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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82
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Kumar P, Jain M, Goel AK, Bhadauria S, Sharma SK, Kamboj DV, Singh L, Ramamurthy T, Nair GB. A large cholera outbreak due to a new cholera toxin variant of the Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype in Orissa, Eastern India. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:234-238. [PMID: 19141742 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.002089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 32 Vibrio cholerae isolates were collected during a recent large cholera outbreak in Eastern India. Biochemical and serological studies revealed that all of the isolates belonged to serogroup O1, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa. Two multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and pathogenic genes - ace, ctxAB, hlyA, ompU, ompW, rfbO1, rtx, tcp, toxR and zot - in all of the isolates. Sequencing of the ctxB gene from the isolates revealed a novel mutation in the gene. Sequencing also confirmed the presence of altered cholera toxin B of the classical biotype in all of the El Tor isolates, suggesting infection of isolates by classical CTXPhi. The molecular diversity of V. cholerae isolates studied by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR, BOX-PCR and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis uniformly showed the clonal relationship among the outbreak V. cholerae O1 isolates. The results of this study suggest that cholera-causing V. cholerae strains are constantly evolving in epidemic areas, highlighting the potential of the emergence of more virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - M Jain
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - A K Goel
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - S Bhadauria
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - D V Kamboj
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - L Singh
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - T Ramamurthy
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - G B Nair
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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83
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Lata M, Prasad J, Singh S, Kumar R, Singh L, Chaudhary P, Arora R, Chawla R, Tyagi S, Soni NL, Sagar RK, Devi M, Sharma RK, Puri SC, Tripathi RP. Whole body protection against lethal ionizing radiation in mice by REC-2001: a semi-purified fraction of Podophyllum hexandrum. Phytomedicine 2009; 16:47-55. [PMID: 17574826 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study has concentrated on assessment of the radioprotective potential of REC-2001, a semi-purified fraction of rhizomes of Podophyllum hexandrum, in Swiss albino Strain 'A' mice exposed to 10 Gy whole-body gamma radiation. Animals were treated with 10 and 15 mg/kg b wt (i.p.) of REC-2001 1h prior to exposure to a lethal dose of gamma-radiation (10 Gy) and observed upto 30 days. For analysis of maximum tolerable dose (MTD), LD(50) and acute toxic dose, different concentrations of the extract were administered to animals and their mortality and morbidity status was observed upto 72 h and one week, respectively. Dose reduction factor (DRF) was determined by exposing REC-2001 pre-treated mice to supra-lethal doses of gamma-radiation. Endogenous spleen colony forming units (CFU), DNA strand breaks in thymocytes (alkaline halo assay) and lipid degradation was studied to understand the mechanism of radioprotection. A single dose of REC-2001 (10 and 15 mg/kg b wt i.p.) exhibited >90% survival in the pre-treated irradiated group versus no survival in radiation control group. Single doses of upto 75 mg/kg b wt (i.p.) did not cause any mortality (MTD) in mice. REC-2001, a dose of 90 mg/kg b wt, resulted in 50% mortality (LD(50)), while the LD(100) was 115 mg/kg b wt REC-2001 exhibited a DRF of 1.62. CFU counts in the REC-2001 treated group were found significantly high (5.33/spleen) as compared to controls. Exposure of thymocytes to 10 Gy radiation resulted in increased halo diameter (45+/-3 microm) in comparison to untreated controls (8+/-1 microm). REC-2001 administration (500 microg/ml) decreased the halo diameter to 15+/-2 microm. Radiation-induced lipid degradation was also inhibited by REC-2001. The present study has revealed that REC-2001 is a promising radioprotective fraction that can be effectively used against lethal doses of gamma-radiation after further investigations in higher animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lata
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
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Suryavathi V, Khattri A, Gopal K, Rani DS, Panneerdoss S, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty B, Deenadayal M, Singh L, Thangaraj K. Novel Variants in UBE2B Gene and Idiopathic Male Infertility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 29:564-71. [DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.107.004580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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85
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Khattri A, Pandey RK, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty B, Deendayal M, Singh L, Thangaraj K. CA repeat and RsaI polymorphisms in ERbeta gene are not associated with infertility in Indian men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 32:81-7. [PMID: 17916182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen Receptor beta (ERbeta) gene plays an important role in the regulation of fertility in both males and females. Polymorphism in CA repeat located in the flanking region of ERbeta has been shown to be associated with several diseases, but its association with male infertility has not been analysed so far. However, RsaI polymorphism (rs1256049) in exon 5 of ERbeta has been shown to be associated with male infertility in Caucasian patients. Hence, we have analysed 695 Indian men, including 443 infertile and 252 fertile men to evaluate the association of CA repeat length and RsaI polymorphisms in male infertility. Our results revealed no significant difference in the distribution of CA repeat length between infertile (mean +/- SD 23.24 +/- 2.06, median 24) and fertile men (mean +/- SD 23.16 +/- 2.27, median 24). The analysis of dosage effect by classifying samples into SS (short/short), SL (short/long) and LL (long/long) groups also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Similarly, RsaI polymorphism also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Furthermore, the combined analysis of CA repeat and RsaI polymorphisms by haplotyping showed that the distribution of haplotypes was not significantly different between fertile and infertile men. Our results suggest that CA repeat length and RsaI polymorphisms in ERbeta are not associated with infertility in Indian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khattri
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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86
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Singh L, Bakshi DK, Majumdar S, Vasishta RK, Arora SK, Wig JD. Expression of interferon-gamma- inducible protein-10 and its receptor CXCR3 in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2007; 7:479-90. [PMID: 17912012 DOI: 10.1159/000108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of CXC chemokine, interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 and its receptor CXCR3 in pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is not very clear. Hence, this study was carried out to analyze the expression of CXCL10 and CXCR3 in CP tissues. METHODS Pancreatic tissues from 25 histopathologically graded CP cases (11 alcohol associated CP, 5 confirmed idiopathic and 9 of undefined nature) and 10 normal cases were studied. Tissues were subjected to real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis for CXCL10 and CXCR3 expression. RESULTS Real-time (RT)-PCR revealed increased expression of CXCL10 (13-fold) and CXCR3 (7-fold) in CP tissue. The immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of the same showed significant increased protein expression and correlated well with the histopathological grades. The CXCL10 was localized mainly in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells and expression increased from grade I to grade II and declined in grade III while no expression was recorded in normal. The CXCR3 was expressed strongly at the acinar cell membrane in CP as compared to normal. Further, comparative analysis by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed for other CXC/CC chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL11, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) and receptor (CCR5) which revealed their upregulation in the diseased state. CONCLUSION The existence of CXCL10 and CXCR3 with other CXC/CC chemokine signature in CP is suggestive of their vital role in the progression of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Singh
- Department of General Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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87
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Goel AK, Ponmariappan S, Kamboj DV, Singh L. Single multiplex polymerase chain reaction for environmental surveillance of toxigenic-pathogenic O1 and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007; 52:81-5. [PMID: 17571801 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of toxigenic and pathogenic V. cholerae from direct water sources using specific primers targeting diverse genes, viz. outer membrane protein (ompW), cholera toxin (ctxB), ORF specific for O1 (rfbG), zonula occludens (zot) and toxin co-regulated pilus (tcpB); among these genes, ompW acts as internal control for V. cholerae, the ctx gene as a marker for toxigenicity and tcp for pathogenicity. The sensitivity of multiplex PCR was 5 x 10(4) V. cholerae cells per reaction. The procedure was simplified as direct bacterial cells were used as template and there was no need for DNA extraction. The assay was specific as no amplification occurred with the other bacteria used. Toxigenic V. cholerae were artificially spiked in different water samples, filtered through a 0.45 microm membrane, and the filters containing bacteria were enriched in APW for 6 h. PCR following filtration and enrichment could detect as little as 8 V. cholerae cells per mL in different spiked water samples. Various environmental potable water samples were screened for the presence of V. cholerae using this assay procedure. The proposed method is rapid, sensitive and specific for environmental surveillance for the presence of toxigenic-pathogenic and nonpathogenic V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Goel
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior 474 002, India.
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88
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Aggarwal RK, Kivisild T, Ramadevi J, Singh L. Mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences support the phylogenetic distinction of two Indian wolf species. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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89
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Pratap H, Dewan RK, Singh L, Gill S, Vaddadi S. Surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma: a series of 72 cases. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2007; 49:23-7. [PMID: 17256563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term result of resectional surgery in pulmonary aspergilloma. METHODS Seventy-two patients who underwent pulmonary resectional surgery for symptomatic aspergilloma between 1990 to 2002 were studied. Seventy-nine definitive operations were carried out, including one bilateral lobectomy for recurrent lesions and six thoracoplasties to deal with post-operative complications, besides 21 pneumonectomies and 51 lobectomies. There were 10 bilobectomies as well, included in the lobectomy group. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, there were two post-operative deaths and a few complications occurred in 20 cases translating into a morbidity of 28.57% and a mortality of 2.77 percent. Major complications included were persistent air leak, persistent pleural space, empyema, bronchopleural fistula and massive haemorrhage. All events were seen in cases of complex aspergilloma; cases of simple aspergillomas had an uneventful course. CONCLUSIONS Surgery offers definitive and long-term symptom-free survival in cases of pulmonary aspergilloma at a negligible risk; though almost one-third of those undergoing surgery develop some complications, these are largely manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Pratap
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, LRS Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Mehrauli, New Delhi, India
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90
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Thangaraj K, Deepa SR, Pavani K, Gupta NJ, Reddy P, Reddy AG, Chakravarty BN, Singh L. A to G transitions at 260, 386 and 437 in DAZL gene are not associated with spermatogenic failure in Indian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 29:510-14. [PMID: 16573709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2006.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The autosomal DAZL (Deleted-in-Azoospermic-Like) gene, mapped to the short arm of the human chromosome 3, is the precursor for the Y-chromosomal DAZ cluster, which encodes for putative RNA-binding proteins. Mutations in the DAZL have been reported to be associated with spermatogenic failure in Taiwanese population but not in Caucasians. As there was no study on Indian populations, we have analysed the entire coding sequences of exons 2 and 3 of DAZL in a total of 1010 men from Indian subcontinent, including 660 infertile men with 598 non-obstructive azoospermia, 62 severe oligozoospermia and 350 normozoospermic fertile control men, to investigate whether mutation(s) in the DAZL is associated with male infertility. Interestingly, none of our samples (1010) showed A386G (T54A) mutation, which was found to be associated with spermatogenic failure in Taiwanese population. In contrast, A260G (T12A) mutation was observed in both infertile and normozoospermic fertile control men, without any significant association with infertile groups (chi2= 0.342; p = 0.556). Similarly, we have found a novel A437G (I71V) mutation, which is also present in both infertile and normozoospermic fertile control men without any significant difference (chi2 = 0.476; p = 0.490). Our study clearly demonstrates the complete absence of the A386G (T54A) mutation in Indian subcontinent and the other two mutations --A260G (T12A) and A437G (I71V)--observed are polymorpic. Therefore, we conclude that these mutations in the DAZL gene are not associated with male infertility in Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thangaraj
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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91
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Abstract
We analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of a 3-month-old female child with basal ganglionic lesions and other clinical features suggestive of Leigh syndrome, which is caused by variations in mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Our study revealed a novel, homoplasmic T11984C missense mutation in ND4 gene, which replaces a highly conserved amino acid tyrosine with histidine. Computational analysis showed that this mutation alters the secondary structure of ND4 subunit. As the mutation observed in this study was novel and homoplasmic, we speculate that there could be interplay of this mitochondrial mutation along with nuclear gene(s) in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanniarajan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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92
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Singh L, Hallan V, Jabeen N, Singh AK, Ram R, Martin DP, Zaidi AA. Coat protein gene diversity among Chrysanthemum virus B isolates from India. Arch Virol 2006; 152:405-13. [PMID: 17006596 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complete coat protein (CP) sequences from 29 Indian isolates of Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB) were determined and analysed in relation to other previously characterized carlaviruses. The CP genes of the Indian CVB isolates were highly heterogeneous, sharing nucleotide sequence identities of 74-98%. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the isolates formed three groups potentially representing either two or three major CVB strain groupings. Recombination analysis revealed at least one definite recombination event involving the exchange of sequences between members of different groups. To our knowledge this is the first reported evidence of homologous recombination in carlaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Singh
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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93
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP) is a type of chronic pancreatitis unique to countries in the tropics. Mutations in pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (SPINK1) rather than cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) explain the disease in only 50% of TCP patients. As cathepsin B (CTSB) is known to activate cationic trypsinogen, we attempted to understand the role of CTSB mutations in TCP. Evidence of epistatic interaction was investigated with the previously associated N34S SPINK1 allele, a variant considered to be a modifier rather than a true susceptibility allele. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We sequenced the coding region of CTSB gene in 51 TCP patients and 25 controls and further genotyped 89 patients and 130 controls from the same cohort for Leu26Val, C595T, T663C, and Ser53Gly polymorphisms. The positive findings observed in the earlier cohort were re-examined in an ethnically matched replication cohort comprising 166 patients and 175 controls. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied. RESULTS We found a statistically significant association of the Val26 allele at Leu26Val polymorphism with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60-2.90 (p = 0.009)), after Bonferroni correction (corrected p value = 0.025). This significant association of Leu26Val with TCP was replicated in another cohort (OR 2.10 (95% CI 1.56-2.84); p = 0.013). Val26 allele also showed significantly higher frequency in N34S positive and N34S negative patients than in controls (p = 0.019 and 0.013, respectively). We also found significant differences in the mutant allele frequencies at Ser53Gly and C595T single nucleotide polymorphisms between N34S positive patients and controls (p = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). Although haplotype analysis did not complement the results of allelic association, it did uncover a unique haplotype protective for TCP (p = 0.0035). CONCLUSION Our study suggests for the first time that CTSB polymorphisms are associated with TCP. As PRSS1 mutations are absent in TCP and the N34S SPINK1 mutation is proposed to play a modifier role, these variants may be critical as a trigger for cationic trypsinogen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahurkar
- Genome Research Group, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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94
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Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Reddy AG, Singh VK, Singh L. Unique origin of Andaman Islanders: insight from autosomal loci. J Hum Genet 2006; 51:800-804. [PMID: 16924390 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Our mtDNA and Y chromosome studies lead to the conclusion that the Andamanese "Negrito" mtDNA lineages have survived in the Andaman Islands in complete genetic isolation from other South and Southeast Asian populations since the initial settlement of the region by the out-of-Africa migration. In order to obtain a robust reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the Andamanese, we carried out a study on the three aboriginal populations, namely, the Great Andamanese, Onge and Nicobarese, using autosomal microsatellite markers. The range of alleles (7-31.2) observed in the studied population and heterozygosity values (0.392-0.857) indicate that the selected STR markers are highly polymorphic in all the three populations, and genetic variability within the populations is significantly high, with a mean gene diversity of 77%. The Andaman "Negrito" populations do not show particular affinities either with the African populations or with the Indian populations, confirming their unique origin. In contrast, Nicobarese show close affinities with the Southeast Asian populations, suggesting their recent entry in the Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thangaraj
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - G Chaubey
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - A G Reddy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - V K Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - L Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
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95
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Dixit H, Rao KL, Padmalatha V, Kanakavalli M, Deenadayal M, Gupta N, Chakravarty BN, Singh L. Expansion of the germline analysis for the INHA gene in Indian women with ovarian failure. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1643-4. [PMID: 16723387 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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96
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Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Reddy AG, Singh VK, Singh L. Autosomal STR data on the enigmatic Andaman Islanders. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 169:247-51. [PMID: 16650705 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed nine autosomal STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820) in 97 samples of enigmatic Andaman islanders including: 15 Great Andamanese, 46 Onge and 36 Nicobarese. Data was compared with the available data on Indian and South East Asian populations. Heterozygosity (H), power of discrimination (PD), probability exclusion (PE), typical paternity index (TPI), polymorphism information content (PIC), AMOVA and Arlequin analysis were carried out. Average heterozygosity observed was high and almost equal in all the populations. Similarly, PD, PE, TPI and PIC have been almost equal in all the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thangaraj
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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97
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Dixit H, Rao KL, Padmalatha VV, Kanakavalli M, Deenadayal M, Gupta N, Chakrabarty BN, Singh L. Mutational analysis of the betaglycan gene-coding region in susceptibility for ovarian failure. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2041-6. [PMID: 16613887 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevation of FSH is frequently a consequence of impaired ovarian follicle growth. Down-regulation of the FSH levels by inhibins is mediated through its receptor betaglycan in the gonadotrophs. Understanding of germline status of the betaglycan gene (TGFBR3) is essential for ovarian failure pathophysiology. METHODS Sequence analysis was performed for the coding region of TGFBR3 gene in a cohort of 196 ovarian failure cases that include 133 premature ovarian failure (POF) cases, 63 primary amenorrhoea (PA) cases compared with 200 controls. RESULTS Forty-six variants including six novel exonic variants and 16 novel intronic variants were revealed. Two variants were missense: (i) p.Iso184Val in a control and (ii) p.Pro775Ser in a POF case. Genotypic distribution of three variants (c.382-81C>T, c.382-77T>C and c.1200G>A) was significantly different in the patients as compared with the controls. Five variants c.382-81C>T, c.382-77T>C, c.566-216G>A, c.1200G>A and c.2022T>C were chosen for haplotyping. The CCAAT haplotype was significantly higher in the patient population as compared with the controls (P = 0.00007). CONCLUSION This study establishes the first mutational report of the TGFBR3 gene in correlation with ovarian failure. Significant diversity of genotype distribution and haplotype analysis suggested susceptibility of the TGFBR3 gene for ovarian failure aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dixit
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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98
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Abstract
An immunofluorescence assay for direct detection of V. cholerae O1 was developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of V. cholerae O1. Production of OMPs varied with growth media used; maximum production was found in tryptic soy broth. The detection system was specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with other bacteria including V. cholerae O139, E. coli, S. dysenteriae and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi. The technique was able to detect 240 CFU/mL of V. cholerae O1 suspended in phosphate-buffered saline. The assay coupled with bacterial enrichment in APW for 6 h detected as few as 5 CFU of V. cholerae in spiked samples. Moreover, a 2-h incubation of enriched bacterial cells in 0.1% yeast extract with 10 ppm nalidixic acid enhanced the bacterial size and helped in morphological identification of V. cholerae. Among 32 potable water samples from afflicted hand pumps and wells collected from a cholera-plagued area 12 were found to be contaminated with V. cholerae by immunofluorescence assay as well as by conventional culture methods. The proposed method could thus be employed in environmental surveillance of V. cholerae O1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Goel
- Biotechnology Division, Defense Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474 002, India
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99
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Kumar V, Langsiteh BT, Biswas S, Babu JP, Rao TN, Thangaraj K, Reddy AG, Singh L, Reddy BM. Asian and non-Asian origins of Mon-Khmer- and Mundari-speaking Austro-Asiatic populations of India. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18:461-9. [PMID: 16788903 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed 1,686 samples from 31 tribal populations of India for the mitochondrial DNA 9-base-pair deletion/insertion polymorphism, and characterized them based on the relevant mitochondrial DNA coding-region single nucleotide polymorphisms and hypervariable region I motifs, to test the genetic origins of the ethnically and linguistically heterogeneous Austro-Asiatic tribes of India. A comparative analysis of our results with the existing data suggests multiple origins of Austro-Asiatic tribes in India, and particularly the Asian and non-Asian origins of the Mon-Khmer and the Mundari populations. We also identified a novel subclade of haplogroup B in the Mon-Khmer Khasi tribes that distinguishes them from the Nicobarese, indicating two different waves of migration of the Mon-Khmer tribes in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Kumar
- Biological Anthropolgy Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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100
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Abstract
Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica), whose only natural habitat in the world is the Gir forest sanctuary of Gujarat State in India, are highly endangered and are considered to be highly inbred with narrow genetic diversity. An objective assessment of genetic diversity in their immune loci will help in assessing their survivability and may provide vital clues in designing strategies for their scientific management and conservation. We analyzed the comparative sequence polymorphism at exon 2 and exon 3 of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in three groups of lions, i.e. wild Asiatic (from Gir forest), captive-bred Asiatic (from zoological parks in India), and Afro-Asiatic hybrid groups (from zoological parks in India) through polymorphism chain reaction-assisted sequence-based typing. The two exons were amplified, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed for polymorphism at nucleotide and putative translated product level. The analysis revealed extensive sequence polymorphism not only between clones derived from different lions but also the clones derived from a single lion. Furthermore, the wild Asiatic lions of Gir forest exhibited abundant sequence polymorphism at MHC class I comparable with that of Afro-Asiatic hybrid lions and significantly higher than that of captive-bred Asiatic lions. We hypothesize that Asiatic lions of Gir forest are not highly inbred as thought earlier and they possess abundant sequence polymorphism at MHC class I loci. During this study, 52 new sequences of the multigene MHC class I family were also identified among Asiatic lions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sachdev
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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