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Hoepfner A, Marsela E, Clanner‐Engelshofen BM, Horvath ON, Sardy M, French LE, Reinholz M. Rosacea and perioral dermatitis: a single‐center retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation of 1032 patients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:561-570. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Reinholz M, Guertler A, Schwaiger H, Poetschke J, Gauglitz GG. Treatment of keloids using 5-fluorouracil in combination with crystalline triamcinolone acetonide suspension: evaluating therapeutic effects by using non-invasive objective measures. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2436-2444. [PMID: 32170979 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intralesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) has been recommended as a promising alternative for keloids not responding to silicone-based products, cryotherapy or intralesional corticosteroids alone. Although numerous studies support the efficacy of this regime, there is a lack of objective data. OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluate the therapeutic effect of four courses of intralesional 5-FU in combination with TAC (3 : 1) utilizing 3D analysis (PRIMOS®pico ), ultrasound and scar scales such as the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scales (POSAS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). METHODS Twenty-five patients with keloids were treated using 5-FU and TAC every 4 weeks. Objective assessments were performed and the scar scales administered at baseline, as well as during consecutive visits at 1- and 12-month follow-up (FU). Routine laboratory tests were performed at baseline and at 1-month FU. RESULTS 3D PRIMOS and ultrasound measurements revealed highly significant and stable reductions in height (baseline mean score: 4.0 ± 1.7 mm, 1-month FU mean score: 1.5 ± 0.8 mm, 12-month FU mean score: 1.8 ± 0.9 mm, P = <0.0001), volume (baseline mean score: 1,105 ± 911.5 mm3 , 1-month FU mean score: 416.1 ± 218.1 mm3 , 12-month FU mean sore: 431.2 ± 253.6 mm3 , P = <0.0001, respectively) and penetration depth of keloids (relative reduction between baseline and 12-month FU of 74.4%, P = <0.0001). The POSAS and DLQI scales confirmed significant objective and subjective improvements in scar appearance in all categories. The life quality associated with keloid appearance improved from a 'moderate effect' to a 'small effect' throughout the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study confirm the efficacy and safety of the combination of 5-FU and TAC in keloids. Treatments were well tolerated and demonstrated stable results at 12-month FU.
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Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Marsela E, Engelsberger N, Guertler A, Schauber J, French LE, Reinholz M. Condylomata acuminata: A retrospective analysis on clinical characteristics and treatment options. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03547. [PMID: 32190761 PMCID: PMC7068618 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogenital HPV is the most frequent sexually transmitted disease (STD) worldwide. There is no obligation to officially register HPV infections in Germany and thus the epidemiology of condylomata acuminata (CA) is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES To provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of CA and outline the treatment options that are available to patients with this disease. METHODS Data of 1124 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CA, presenting in our university hospital outpatient consultation between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated and the efficacy of various types of treatments was addressed. RESULTS A large patient cohort of 1124 predominately young (mean age 36.5 years old), male (83.9 %), single (50.2 %), heterosexual (92.8 %) Germans (62.5 %) received consults in our outpatient clinic for STDs. Nearly 60 % of the diagnosed patients presented with first-time CA, indicating a considerable proportion of roughly 40 % recurrent infections as well. Only 13.7 % of patients were previously immunized against HPV. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of a large patient cohort provided a better understanding of the present epidemiology of CA in an outpatient hospital setting in Germany. An effective three-scale therapeutic regime and preventive measures were outlined.
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Reinholz M, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Heppt MV, Marsela E, Kawakami Y, Wiest LG, French LE, Stolz W, Gauglitz GG. Dermal fillers do not induce upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes or expression of inflammatory cytokines in granulomas. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2838-2844. [PMID: 32108418 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filling materials have increasingly been used in aesthetics over the last decades. Understanding the pathophysiology of granuloma formation as a very relevant unwanted side effect of filler application may be essential to help avoid these adverse events. AIMS Our aim was to investigate the role of the inflammasome in the formation of filler granuloma, as a central column of the innate immune response. METHODS RPMI 1640 medium was used for growth of THP-1 cells and the induction of THP-1 macrophages. Sonication was applied in order to crush the acrylic particles of the filler. ELISA was the method of analysis for the specific cytokines. Biopsy specimens of filler granuloma were analyzed by various immunohistochemical methods. GraphPad Prism 5 software was used for the statistical data analysis. RESULTS Neither was the sensor NALP3 overexpressed, nor could an elevated expression of cleaved IL-1β, IL-18, or IFN-γ be detected. Furthermore, no increased expression of IL-8 or IL-1β was detectable in vitro. CONCLUSION No increased inflammasome activation could be observed; however, filler granulomas were infiltrated with granulocytes and macrophages. Therefore, we speculate that an unspecific immune response might be the key player in the formation of filler granuloma.
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Clanner-Engelshofen BM, French LE, Reinholz M. Methods for extraction and ex-vivo experimentation with the most complex human commensal, Demodex spp. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 80:59-70. [PMID: 31834574 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Demodex spp. mites are the most complex organisms of the human skin microbiome and were discovered more than 175 years ago, yet only little basic research is published about them. As they can be pathophysiologically relevant ectoparasites associated with rosacea, pityriasis folliculorum, and other inflammatory skin diseases, more research should be encouraged. Being a large microorganism or a tiny animal, there are no established basic methods to handle these mites. Here, we describe techniques enabling the extraction of Demodex mites from human skin, their analysis in different ex-vivo settings, the lysis of their exoskeleton, their preservation by freezing, and observation microscopically using specific fluorescent dyes or their inherent autofluorescence. These procedures should facilitate future Demodex research and fuel further the generation of knowledge. Furthermore it is intended to ultimatively enable the mite's cultivation in vitro and reveal its pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Clanner-Engelshofen BM, French LE, Reinholz M. Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii subsp. demodicis is the endobacterium of Demodex folliculorum. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:1043-1049. [PMID: 31713895 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demodex spp. mites are the most complex member of the human skin microbiome. Mostly they are commensals, although their pathophysiological role in inflammatory dermatoses is recognized. Demodex mites cannot be cultivated in vitro, so only little is known about their life cycle, biology and physiology. Different bacterial species have been suggested to be the endobacterium of Demodex mites, including Bacillus oleronius, B. simplex, B. cereus and B. pumilus. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to find the true endobacterium of human Demodex mites. METHODS The distinct genetic and phenotypic differences and similarities between the type strain and native isolates are described by DNA sequencing, PCR, MALDI-TOF, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty and mycolic acid analyses, and antibiotic resistance testing. RESULTS We report the true endobacterium of Demodex folliculorum, independent of the sampling source of mites or life stage: Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii subsp. demodicis. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate our finding to be a starting point for more in-depth understanding of the tripartite microbe-host interaction between Demodex mites, its bacterial endosymbiont and the human host.
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Heppt MV, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Marsela E, Wessely A, Kammerbauer C, Przybilla B, French LE, Berking C, Reinholz M. Comparative analysis of the phototoxicity induced by BRAF inhibitors and alleviation through antioxidants. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 36:126-134. [PMID: 31618797 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small molecules tackling mutated BRAF (BRAFi) are an important mainstay of targeted therapy in a variety of cancers including melanoma. Albeit commonly reported as side effect, the phototoxic potential of many BRAFi is poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated the phototoxicity of 17 distinct agents and investigated whether BRAFi-induced phototoxicity can be alleviated by antioxidants. METHODS The ultraviolet (UV) light absorbance of 17 BRAFi was determined. Their phototoxic potential was investigated independently with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in vitro. To test for a possible phototoxicity alleviation by antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin E phosphate, trolox, and glutathione (GSH) were added to the 3T3 assay of selected inhibitors. RESULTS The highest cumulative absorbance for both UVA and UVB was detected for vemurafenib. The formation of ROS was more pronounced for all compounds after irradiation with UVA than with UVB. In the 3T3 NRU assay, 8 agents were classified as phototoxic, including vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and encorafenib. There was a significant correlation between the formation of singlet oxygen (P = .026) and superoxide anion (P < .001) and the phototoxicity observed in the 3T3 NRU assay. The phototoxicity of vemurafenib was fully rescued in the 3T3 NRU assay after GSH was added at different concentrations. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that most of the BRAF inhibitors exhibited a considerable phototoxic potential, predominantly after exposure to UVA. GSH may help treat and prevent the phototoxicity induced by vemurafenib.
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Srour J, Bengel J, Linden T, Jovanovic Z, Roggenkamp D, Reinholz M, Rothenberger C, Neufang G, Wollenberg A. Efficacy of a skin care cream with TRPV1 inhibitor 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol in the topical therapy of perioral dermatitis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1409-1414. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hildebrand JA, Fischbeck AJ, Hundsdoerfer B, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Marsela E, Wollenberg A, Flaig M, French LE, Reinholz M. Retrospective analysis of alpha-human papillomavirus (HPV) types in tissue samples from anogenital dysplasias - introduction of the RICH (Risk of HPV-related Carcinoma in HIV +/- patients) score. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:377-384. [PMID: 31494974 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic viral infections caused by highly contagious human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from the alpha genus are a substantial risk factor for tumour diseases. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to compare the HPV infection pattern with histology in a patient group of immunocompromised HIV+ and non-immunocompromised patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples (n = 210) from the anogenital area of 121 patients underwent retrospective histological and molecular examination for HPV DNA prevalence by chip analysis. The study was part of a cancer screening from the Dermatology Department of the LMU Munich, Germany. All data were collected and processed anonymously. RESULTS HPV 6 or 11 are more abundant in tissue samples from histologically diagnosed condylomata acuminata (47.7%) compared to grade 1, 2, and 3 intraepithelial neoplasias (IN 1-3). Detection of high-risk (hr) alpha-HPV DNA was significantly higher in tissue samples from IN 3 (67.5%) compared to IN 1 and 2 (12.9%), and compared to condylomata acuminata (29.5%). No HPV types were detected in histologically unremarkable tissue samples. There was a significant association between the prevalence of HPV 16 and the classifications IN 1 to IN 3 (χ2 (2) = 13.62, P = 0.001). We identified a significant correlation between the prevalence of high-risk and low-risk (lr) HPV types and HIV, especially mixed infections of different HPV types correlated with high-grade IN. Based on the present data, we suggest the risk of carcinoma in HIV+/- patients (RICH) score and test it in the 121 patients. CONCLUSIONS hr alpha-HPVs, mainly HPV 16, are associated with increased oncogenic potential of premalignant lesions (IN 1-3), especially in HIV+ patients. Based on the combination of HIV/HPV-testing and histological analysis, we identified correlations that could potentially forecast the risk of malignant transformation and summarized them in the form of RICH score.
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Reinholz M, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Heppt MV, Hirai Y, Ruzicka T, Berking C, von Braunmühl T. Successful Treatment of Genital Warts with Ingenol Mebutate Monitored with Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:434-437. [PMID: 33911622 PMCID: PMC7992764 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingenol mebutate (IM) is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis and induces cell death in precancerous lesions. The efficacy of IM in the treatment of genital warts was investigated in a therapy-refractory patient. The 74-year-old male was treated with IM gel for three consecutive days. Treatment course and efficacy were evaluated by clinical inspection and non-invasive diagnostics namely optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Within 24 to 48 hours IM induced a strong local inflammatory reaction. One week later a complete response was observed. OCT and RCM showed a strong reaction after treatment with erosions, swelling of cells, and a subepidermal dark band in representative lesions. IM has the advantage of a short treatment period in contrast to other topical treatments and shows a promising clinical outcome. Larger studies are needed to validate the data.
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Charnowski S, Wollenberg A, Reinholz M. Perioral Dermatitis Successfully Treated with Topical Ivermectin. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:S27-S28. [PMID: 33911686 PMCID: PMC7997069 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.s.s27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Aoki R, Clanner‐Engelshofen B, Charnowski S, Ruzicka T, Reinholz M. Distribution of high‐risk α‐genus human papillomavirus genotypes impacts cutaneous neoplasms. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1304-1311. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kapp F, Reinholz M, Wollenberg A, Jakob T, Hertl M, Wolf R, Ruzicka T. [Proceedings of the 13th congress of the German-Japanese Society of Dermatology]. Hautarzt 2018; 70:76-78. [PMID: 30397746 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guertler A, Reinholz M, Steckmeier S, Gauglitz GG. Evaluation of a non-ablative, fractional 1565 nm laser for the improvement of striae distensae albae. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:220-226. [PMID: 30169914 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Striae distensae (SD) represent therapeutically challenging forms of dermal atrophic scarring. In addition to topical ointments, medical needling and various energy-based devices, non-ablative fractional lasers have been suggested for their improvement. However, objective evaluations of their efficacy are widely missing. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical improvement of SD albae after three treatments with a non-ablative fractional 1565 nm Er: glass laser by employing three-dimensional analysis and several questionnaires. METHODS A total of 16 Caucasians suffering from SD albae were included in this prospective study. Every patient received three treatments - one every 4 weeks - using a non-ablative, fractional 1565 nm laser (two passes: 300 μbeams/cm2 , 40 mJ inside the SD; 150 μbeams/cm2 , 50 mJ inside the SD and within the surrounding area). Questionnaires (DLQI, POSAS), digital photography and three-dimensional analysis employing PRIMOS® software and VECTRA® camera system were taken at baseline, 1 and 6 months after the last treatment. RESULTS Evaluation of objective measurements at 6-month follow-up (FU) showed a significant reduction in depth of atrophic lesions by 31.7% and less skin irregularities with Smax at baseline of 621.2 μm decreasing to 411.6 μm (P < 0.01, respectively). Improvement in objective measurements was supported by significant changes in patients' rating of skin appearance. POSAS patient total score declined from 33.5 points to 17.5 points throughout the study (P < 0.001). From baseline to 6-month FU, patients' life quality improved by 68.0% (DLQI score). Procedures showed no lasting negative side-effects and little to no down time. CONCLUSION The use of a fractional non-ablative 1565 nm laser represents a safe approach for the treatment of SD albae. Clinically observed improvements were supported by significant data from objective measurements. The results achieved at 1-month FU represented at 6-month FU, showing stable clinical improvements.
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Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Ruzicka T, Reinholz M. Efficient isolation and observation of the most complex human commensal, Demodex spp. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 76:71-80. [PMID: 30191497 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Demodex spp. mites are an often neglected member of the human skin microbiome. Mostly they are commensals, although their pathophysiological role in rosacea, spinulosis folliculorum, and other skin diseases is recognized. Little is known about their life cycle, biology, and physiology. Demodex mites cannot be cultivated in vitro, thereby complicating research immensely. The manual extraction from human sebum is laborious and death can only be detected by surrogate markers like ceased movement or loss of fluorescence. Here we present a new approach for the extraction of larger mite numbers and the hitherto most precise way to detect death. The extraction of mites from sebum and debris by hand can be accelerated by a factor 10 using sucrose gradient centrifugation, which is well tolerated by the mites. Staining with propidium iodide allows for easy identification of dead mites, excluding frail mites that stopped moving, and has no negative effect on overall mite survival. We anticipate our methods to be a starting point for more sophisticated research and ultimately in vitro cultivation of Demodex spp. mites.
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Kresken J, Kindl U, Wigger-Alberti W, Clanner-Engelshofen B, Reinholz M. Dermocosmetics for Use in Rosacea: Guideline of the Society for Dermopharmacy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:147-154. [DOI: 10.1159/000486688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Letulé V, Laniauskaite I, Reinholz M, Tietze J, Wolff H, Ruzicka T, Sattler E, Heppt M. Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Retrospective Analysis of 72 Patients from a German Academic Center. Facial Plast Surg 2017; 34:88-94. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFrontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) describes the scarring, band-like recession of the frontotemporal hairline. Treatment is difficult, and currently, no evidence-based therapy exists. The purpose of this study is to report clinical features and treatment responses in a large cohort of patients with FFA. The authors analyzed a series of 72 patients with a clinical or histologic diagnosis of FFA. A total of 70 patients were female (97.2%), and 2 were male (2.8%). In females, the first onset of FFA was postmenopausal in 81.4% (n = 57). Documented eyebrow loss was present in 61.1% (n = 44), whereas involvement of eyelashes and body hair was reported in only 4.2% (n = 3) and 5.6% (n = 4), respectively. Clinical symptoms were itching (40.3%, n = 29) and trichodynia (4.2%, n = 3) in the alopecic area. Virtually all patients were treated with topical high-potency steroids. Additional treatments were topical tacrolimus, systemic retinoids, and hydroxychloroquine. A total of 48 patients (66.7%) received a combination of high-potency steroids with topical pimecrolimus. In this subgroup, subjective improvement or disease stabilization was reported by 64.6% (n = 31), and the hairline was stabilized on average after 9 to 12 months of therapy. The combination therapy of topical high-potency steroids with pimecrolimus may be an effective and steroid-saving treatment for FFA.
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Guertler A, Reinholz M, Poetschke J, Steckmeier S, Schwaiger H, Gauglitz GG. Objective evaluation of the efficacy of a non-ablative fractional 1565 nm laser for the treatment of deliberate self-harm scars. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:241-250. [PMID: 29080008 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scars resulting from deliberate self-harm (DSH) represent therapeutically challenging forms of scarring due to their highly variable patterns, with no official therapeutic guidelines available. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a non-ablative fractional Er:glass 1565 nm laser, as a potential new, minimal-invasive approach for the improvement of DSH scars. Sixteen Caucasians suffering from mature DSH scars were included in this clinical study. Patients received a total of three treatments using a non-ablative fractional 1565 nm Er:glass laser every 4 weeks, employing two passes (300 μbeams/cm2, 40 mJ, onto the scar; 150 μbeams/cm2, 50 mJ, overall area). Measurements included questionnaires (DLQI, POSAS), digital photography, and objective three-dimensional analysis using PRIMOS and VECTRA software at baseline, 1 and 6 months after treatment. PRIMOS objective measurements showed highly significant changes in scar surface with a reduction of atrophic lesions by 27.5% at 6 months follow-up (FU), a decrease in scar height by 42.7% at 6 months FU, resulting in an overall diminished skin irregularity dropping from 678.3 μm at baseline to 441.6 μm throughout the course of the study (p = <0.001 respectively). Improvements in objective measurements were supported by clinical evaluation of scar parameters and showed a strong correlation with enhanced life quality of treated patients. Procedures were well-tolerated, with no lasting negative side effects and little to no downtime. The use of a fractional non-ablative 1565 nm Er:glass laser represents a promising and safe approach for the therapy of DSH scars. Although these scars will never fully resolve, their appearance can be significantly improved to a cosmetically and socially more acceptable appearance.
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Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Steinhoff M, Schaller M, Gieler U, Schöfer H, Homey B, Lehmann P, Luger TA. Pathogenesis and clinical presentation of rosacea as a key for a symptom-oriented therapy. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 14 Suppl 6:4-15. [PMID: 27869372 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that typically occurs in adults and affects the face. Synonyms of rosacea include "acne rosacea", "couperose" and "facial erythrosis", in German also "Kupferfinne" and "Rotfinne". The disorder is characterised by a chronic and flaring course and is caused by a genetically predisposed, multifactorial process. A higher incidence is seen in people with fair skin and a positive family history. The characteristic rosacea symptoms manifest primarily, but not exclusively centrofacially, with forehead, nose, chin and cheeks significantly affected. Based on the various main symptoms a classification of the individual clinical pictures can be performed. However, a classification often does not reflect the clinical reality, since the various symptoms commonly coexist. The present review provides an introduction on pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of rosacea and prefers a symptom-oriented therapy approach.
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Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Steinhoff M, Schaller M, Gieler U, Schöfer H, Homey B, Lehmann P, Luger TA. Pathogenese und Klinik der Rosazea als Schlüssel für eine symptomorientierte Therapie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 14 Suppl 6:4-16. [PMID: 27869378 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13139_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosazea ist eine häufige chronisch-entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die typischerweise bei Erwachsenen vorkommt und das Gesicht betrifft. Synonyme der Rosazea sind Acne rosacea, Kupferfinne, Rotfinne, Couperose und Rosacea. Die Erkrankung ist durch einen chronischen und schubartigen Verlauf gekennzeichnet und wird durch ein genetisch prädisponiertes, multifaktorielles Geschehen bedingt. Ein vermehrtes Auftreten wird bei hellem Hauttyp und positiver Familienanamnese verzeichnet. Die charakteristischen Rosazea-Symptome manifestieren sich vorwiegend, aber nicht ausschließlich zentrofazial, wobei Stirn, Nase, Kinn und die Wangen maßgeblich betroffen sind. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Hauptsymptome voneinander unterschieden, anhand derer eine Klassifikation der verschiedenen klinischen Bilder vorgenommen werden kann. Eine Klassifizierung wird oftmals jedoch nicht der klinischen Realität gerecht, da die verschiedenen Symptome häufig gemeinsam auftreten. Diese Übersichtarbeit führt in die Pathogenese und Klinik der Rosazea ein und plädiert für einen symptomorientierten Therapieansatz.
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Poetschke J, Dornseifer U, Clementoni MT, Reinholz M, Schwaiger H, Steckmeier S, Ruzicka T, Gauglitz GG. Ultrapulsed fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser treatment of hypertrophic burn scars: evaluation of an in-patient controlled, standardized treatment approach. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1031-1040. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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73
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Tietze JK, Angelova D, Heppt MV, Reinholz M, Murphy WJ, Spannagl M, Ruzicka T, Berking C. The proportion of circulating CD45RO +CD8 + memory T cells is correlated with clinical response in melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Eur J Cancer 2017; 75:268-279. [PMID: 28242504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. But with only about 20-40% long-term responders and severe side-effects in about 12-17%, finding predictive markers for treatment response is of great interest. METHODS We prospectively assessed clinical data, haematologic parameters and freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 patients treated with ipilimumab (n = 21) and pembrolizumab (n = 9) prior to the first 4 cycles with ICB and before the first tumour assessment. RESULTS We discovered that the baseline levels of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells significantly differed among the patients. Thirteen (43%) of our patients had normal baseline levels of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells, whereas 17 (57%) patients were low on CD45RO+CD8+ T cells. The baseline levels of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells correlated significantly with the response to ipilimumab but not pembrolizumab. Patients with baseline levels of lower/equal 25% of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells did not respond to treatment with ipilimumab. Phenotyping the CD8+ T cells in patients treated with ipilimumab revealed an activated HLA-DR+CD25- phenotype, implying antigen non-specific stimulation. The levels of the HLA-DR+CD25-CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with a normal baseline of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells and even increased significantly during treatment. Furthermore, proliferation of melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1)-specific CD8+ T cells was not observed. Patients with normal baseline levels of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells showed a significant longer overall survival when treated with ipilimumab but not pembrolizumab. CONCLUSION Patients with normal baseline levels of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells respond significantly more frequently to treatment with ipilimumab and the CD8+ T cells appear to be antigen non-specifically activated. The baseline level of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells represents a promising factor as biomarker for the prediction of the response to ipilimumab.
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Käser S, Ruini C, Ezmerli M, von Braunmühl T, Hartmann D, Ruzicka T, Reinholz M. EGFRI-induced papulopustular rosacea-like rash successfully treated with topical ivermectin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e302-e304. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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75
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Ruini C, Sattler E, Hartmann D, Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, von Braunmühl T. Monitoring structural changes in Demodex mites under topical Ivermectin in rosacea by means of reflectance confocal microscopy: a case series. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e299-e301. [PMID: 27976437 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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76
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Aoki R, Clanner-Engelshofen B, Feldner B, Birrou L, Ruzicka T, Reinholz M. 057 Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among young patients. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reinholz M, Hermans C, Ruzicka T, Dietrich A. [Anogenital diseases caused by human papillomavirus - A modern pandemia]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158:64-6. [PMID: 26979226 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-7946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
MESH Headings
- Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Anus Neoplasms/therapy
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/epidemiology
- Genital Neoplasms, Female/therapy
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/diagnosis
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/therapy
- Germany
- Humans
- Male
- Pandemics
- Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Papillomavirus Infections/therapy
- Papillomavirus Infections/transmission
- Risk Factors
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/diagnosis
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/epidemiology
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/therapy
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission
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Schwaiger H, Epple A, Gauglitz G, Poetschke J, Reinholz M. DLQI and POSAS Scores in Keloid Patients. Facial Plast Surg 2016; 32:289-95. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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79
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Schwaiger H, Heppt M, Poetschke J, Tietze J, Epple A, Ruzicka T, Kaudewitz P, Gauglitz G, Reinholz M. Comparison of Two Kinds of Lasers in the Treatment of Acne Scars. Facial Plast Surg 2015; 31:523-31. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1567814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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80
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Reinholz M, Heppt M, Hoffmann F, Lummel N, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P, Berking C. Transient memory impairment and transient global amnesia induced by photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1258-62. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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81
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Heppt MV, Tietze JK, Reinholz M, Rahimi F, Jung A, Kirchner T, Ruzicka T, Flaig MJ, Berking C. Disease kinetics but not disease burden is relevant for survival in melanoma of unknown primary tumor. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2015; 20:231-237. [PMID: 26562476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) is a type of metastatic melanoma with no evidence of a primary tumor. Recent evidence suggested better survival in MUP as compared to melanoma with a known primary site (MKP). However, prognostic markers that reliably predict overall survival in MUP are lacking. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the mutational status of the BRAF, NRAS, and KIT oncogenes and to investigate if the genotype or other clinical parameters were associated with overall survival. We retrospectively analyzed the genotype and the clinical course of 40 patients with MUP. Mutations of BRAF and NRAS were determined with pyrosequencing. Mutations of KIT were investigated with a nested PCR approach followed by Sanger sequencing. Survival fractions were calculated applying the Kaplan-Meier model. Mutations in the BRAF (50.0%), NRAS (17.5%), and KIT genes (5.0%) were found frequently, but had no major impact on overall survival (p=0.62). The AJCC stage was a strong prognostic factor with a hazard ratio for death of 0.17 (stage III vs. IV; p=0.04). All patients diagnosed with stage III disease survived the median follow-up period of 23 months (p=0.03). The survival rates of patients with stage IV were significantly associated with rapid disease progression but not with metastatic tumor load at primary diagnosis (p=0.01). Altogether, AJCC stage and time to disease progression were important prognostic parameters. We propose that the kinetics of the disease but not the initial metastatic burden nor the mutational status is relevant for survival in advanced MUP.
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Reinholz M, Heppt M, Tietze JK, Ruzicka T, Gauglitz GG, Schauber J. Photoletter to the editor: Topical 0.5% brimonidine gel to camouflage redness of immature scars. J Dermatol Case Rep 2015; 9:87-8. [PMID: 26512307 DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2015.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous scars develop as a result of a defective wound healing process. Scars are commonly visible as erythematous, sometimes disfiguring lesions which might be stigmatizing for the affected patient. Only a few therapies to improve the appearance of scars are available. Recently, brimonidine - a selective α2-receptor-agonist which causes vasoconstriction of small cutaneous vessels - was approved for the treatment of erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea. Topical brimonidine might also be helpful to improve redness of immature scars. Here we report on the effect of brimonidine 0.5% gel on a flat, erythematous scar in a 25-year-old female patient. Whitening of the scar could be observed immediately after application of brimonidine 0.5% gel and a good clinical result was observed within one hour. This effect lasted for up to three hours. We conclude that brimonidine 0.5% gel is a suitable topical therapy to reduce erythema in visible cutaneous scars.
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Dietrich A, Hermans C, Heppt MV, Ruzicka T, Schauber J, Reinholz M. Human papillomavirus status, anal cytology and histopathological outcome in HIV-positive patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:2011-8. [PMID: 26274593 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) are responsible for a broad spectrum of mucocutaneous infections and may cause squamous cell carcinoma following long-standing infection . Oncogenic HPV, most commonly HPV 16, are detectable in over 90% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is strongly associated with a higher prevalence of chronic HPV infection, a higher incidence of AIN and an increased risk for anal cancer (AC). In September 2013, guidelines concerning prevention, screening and treatment of AIN for patients affected by HIV were issued by the German AIDS society. OBJECTIVE In order to validate the suggested screening procedure, we analysed data from 123 male and female patients with HIV infection that regularly present in our outpatient clinic. METHODS Anal cytology, HPV typing and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) were performed. RESULTS Our results show that screening by anal cytology only identifies a minority of patients with high grade AIN (AIN 3) histology. Patients with normal cytology (NILM, cytology graded negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy; n = 5, 29.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS; n = 5, 71.4%) and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; n = 8, 44.5%) showed highly dysplastic lesions (AIN 2 and 3) in the histological workup more frequently than expected. Additionally, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was strongly associated with detection of high-risk oncogenic HPV. CONCLUSION Anal cytology as the solitary screening tool for anal cancer fails to detect anal dysplasia in a considerable number of patients. Additionally, HPV typing and possibly further biomarkers might be applied to identify those patients with a higher risk of developing anal carcinoma, in order to monitor them more closely or directly transfer them to HRA.
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Reinholz M, Poetschke J, Schwaiger H, Epple A, Ruzicka T, Gauglitz GG. The dermatology life quality index as a means to assess life quality in patients with different scar types. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:2112-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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85
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Reinholz M, Gauglitz G, Giehl K, Braun-Falco M, Schwaiger H, Schauber J, Ruzicka T, Berneburg M, von Braunmühl T. Non-invasive diagnosis of sweat gland dysplasia using optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy in a family with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:677-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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86
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Reinholz M, Hermans C, Dietrich A, Ruzicka T, Braun-Falco M. A case of cutaneous vegetating candidiasis in a patient with Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:537-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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87
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Reinholz M. A peptide from a gastric pathogen for the treatment of acne. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1291. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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88
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Reinholz M, Eder I, Przybilla B, Schauber J, Wollenberg A, Wulffen W, Goldscheider I, Varga R, Ruzicka T, Schaumann A, Ruëff F. Photoallergic contact dermatitis due to treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with pirfenidone. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 30:370-1. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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Reinholz M, Berking C, Hermans C, Ruzicka T, Braun-Falco M. Lupus erythematosus–like skin eruption after vemurafenib therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:e159-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Salzer S, Kresse S, Hirai Y, Koglin S, Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Cathelicidin peptide LL-37 increases UVB-triggered inflammasome activation: possible implications for rosacea. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 76:173-9. [PMID: 25306296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with rosacea, environmental stressors, especially UVB radiation, trigger disease flares that are characterized by inflammation and vascular hyperactivity. An altered innate immune detection and response system, modulated to a large extent by the aberrant production and processing of human cathelicidin LL-37, is thought to play a central role in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the proinflammatory and proangiogenic effects of UV radiation are enhanced in the presence of cathelicidin LL-37. METHODS Human skin ex vivo and epidermal keratinocytes in vitro were exposed to UVB irradiation. The proinflammatory effects of UVB exposure in the presence and absence of LL-37 were characterized using immunoblot, transfection, qPCR, and a cell-based second messenger assay. ELISA was used to assess cytokine release and the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells was evaluated using an in vitro angiogenesis assay. RESULTS UVB irradiation triggered the inflammasome-mediated processing and release of IL-1β. LL-37 augmented this UV-induced IL-1β secretion by acting on the P2X7 receptor on keratinocytes. P2X7 receptor activation by UVB and LL-37 resulted in an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations, which enhances inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β release. Furthermore, IL-1β and LL-37 worked synergistically to increase the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Cathelicidin LL-37 modulates the proinflammatory and proangiogenic effects of UV radiation and thereby contributes to enhanced sensitivity to sun exposure in rosacea.
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Ehmann L, Reinholz M, Maier T, Lang M, Wollenberg A. Efficacy and Safety Results of a Drug-Free Cosmetic Fluid for Perioral Dermatitis: The Toleriane Fluide Efficacy in Perioral Dermatitis (TOLPOD) Study. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:462-8. [PMID: 25143674 PMCID: PMC4135100 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.4.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioral dermatitis (POD) is a common inflammatory skin disease without standard therapy. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the clinical value of a soothing fluid for the treatment of POD. METHODS We included 51 patients with POD in this 8-week clinical trial. The Toleriane Fluide Efficacy in Perioral Dermatitis (TOLPOD) study had an open-label design and involved twice-daily application of Toleriane Fluide, a soothing cosmetic fluid. Clinical assessment of POD was performed with a predefined questionnaire including the POD severity index (PODSI). Control visits were made after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The results were compared with those of a historical control group treated with a vehicle cream. Patients treated with the soothing fluid showed a continuous and significant improvement of the PODSI over time. The improvement of PODSI observed with the soothing fluid was better, but not significantly better, than that observed in the historical controls. In addition, the subjective complaints of patients such as disease burden, itching, distension of the skin, and appearance improved during treatment. CONCLUSION A soothing fluid could be a clinically useful treatment option for POD.
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Gauglitz GG, Reinholz M, Kaudewitz P, Schauber J, Ruzicka T. Treatment of striae distensae using an ablative Erbium: YAG fractional laser versus a 585-nm pulsed-dye laser. J COSMET LASER THER 2013; 16:117-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2013.854621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Reinholz M, Tietze JK, Kilian K, Schaller M, Schöfer H, Lehmann P, Zierhut M, Klövekorn W, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Rosazea - S1-Leitlinie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12101_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Reinholz M, Tietze JK, Kilian K, Schaller M, Schöfer H, Lehmann P, Zierhut M, Klövekorn W, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Rosacea - S1 Guideline. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2013; 11:768-80; 768-79. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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96
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Reinholz M, Schauber J. [Vitamin D and innate immunity of the skin]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2012; 137:2385-9. [PMID: 23132159 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Besides its role in bone metabolism vitamin D is involved in important regulatory mechanisms within the innate and adaptive immune system. In particular, vitamin D affects the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are endogenous 'antibiotics', produced my man himself with further immune regulatory functions in the skin and other epithelial surfaces. AMPs play a central role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic eczema or psoriasis. Therefore, the vitamin D signal pathway could serve as a treatment target for those diseases. In this review we discuss the role of the vitamin D signalling pathway in the context of innate immunity in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Dombrowski Y, Peric M, Koglin S, Kaymakanov N, Schmezer V, Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom induces AIM2 inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes. Allergy 2012; 67:1400-7. [PMID: 22973906 DOI: 10.1111/all.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following allergen exposure, cytokines and other pro-inflammatory signals play an important role in the immunological cascade leading to allergic sensitization. Inflammasomes sense exogenous and endogenous danger signals and trigger IL-1β and IL-18 activation which in turn shape Th2 responses. Honey bee venom (BV) allergies are very common; however, the local inflammatory cascade leading to the initiation of allergic sensitization is poorly understood. In this study, the local inflammatory cascades in skin after exposure to BV were investigated. METHODS The mechanisms of inflammasome activation in human skin and in cultured keratinocytes upon BV exposure were analyzed by ELISA, Western blot, flow cytometry, siRNA techniques, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS In an ex vivo bee sting model, BV induced IL-1β release suggesting the activation of inflammasomes. Indeed, in cultured keratinocytes, the BV component melittin triggered IL-1β and IL-18 release via the AIM2 inflammasome. AIM2 is a cytosolic DNA receptor, and mitochondrial as well as genomic DNA was detected in the cytosol of melittin-treated keratinocytes as triggers of inflammasome activation. As a mechanism, melittin mediated destruction of mitochondrial membranes leading to the leakage of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosolic compartment. CONCLUSION These data suggest that upon BV exposure, keratinocytes are involved in an innate immune response by the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β and IL-18 release triggered by endogenous DNA. As IL-1β and IL-18 are involved in Th2- and IgE-mediated immune reactions, these results could add to the understanding of the role of the tissue microenvironment to subsequent allergic responses.
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Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Schauber J. Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:126-35. [PMID: 22577261 PMCID: PMC3346901 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or rosacea are very common. Although their exact pathogenesis is not completely understood all three diseases are characterized by dysregulation of cutaneous innate immunity. Cathelicidin LL-37 is an important effector molecule of innate immunity in the skin and atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or rosacea show defects in cathelicidin expression, function or processing. In atopic dermatitis, cathelicidin induction might be disturbed resulting in defective antimicrobial barrier function. In contrast, psoriasis is characterized by overexpression of cathelicidin. However to date it is unclear whether pro- or anti-inflammatory functions of cathelicidin predominate in lesional skin in psoriasis. In rosacea, cathelicidin processing is disturbed resulting in peptide fragments causing inflammation, erythema and telangiectasias. In this review, the current evidence on the role of cathelicidin LL-37 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases will be outlined. As cathelicidin LL-37 might also serve as a future treatment target potential novel treatment strategies for those diseases will be discussed.
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Zhou Z, Subramanian P, Sevilmis G, Globke B, Soehnlein O, Karshovska E, Megens R, Heyll K, Chun J, Saulnier-Blache JS, Reinholz M, van Zandvoort M, Weber C, Schober A. Lipoprotein-derived lysophosphatidic acid promotes atherosclerosis by releasing CXCL1 from the endothelium. Cell Metab 2011; 13:592-600. [PMID: 21531341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a key role in the initiation of atherosclerosis by increasing monocyte adhesion. The mechanism that is responsible for the oxLDL-induced atherogenic monocyte recruitment in vivo, however, still remains unknown. Oxidation of LDL generates lysophosphatidylcholine, which is the main substrate for the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) generating enzyme autotaxin. We show that oxLDL requires endothelial LPA receptors and autotaxin to elicit CXCL1-dependent arterial monocyte adhesion. Unsaturated LPA releases endothelial CXCL1, which is subsequently immobilized on the cell surface and mediates LPA-induced monocyte adhesion. Local and systemic application of LPA accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in mice. Blocking the LPA receptors LPA(1) and LPA(3) reduced hyperlipidemia-induced arterial leukocyte arrest and atherosclerosis in the presence of functional CXCL1. Thus, atherogenic monocyte recruitment mediated by hyperlipidemia and modified LDL crucially depends on LPA, which triggers endothelial deposition of CXCL1, revealing LPA signaling as a target for cardiovascular disease treatments.
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