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Abstract
Equilibrium knots are common in biological polymers-their prevalence, size distribution, structure, and dynamics have been extensively studied, with implications to fundamental biological processes and DNA sequencing technologies. Nanopore microscopy is a high-throughput single-molecule technique capable of detecting the shape of biopolymers, including DNA knots. Here we demonstrate nanopore sensors that map the equilibrium structure of DNA knots, without spurious knot tightening and sliding. We show the occurrence of both tight and loose knots, reconciling previous contradictory results from different experimental techniques. We evidence the occurrence of two quantitatively different modes of knot translocation through the nanopores, involving very different tension forces. With large statistics, we explore the complex knots and, for the first time, reveal the existence of rare composite knots. We use parametrized complexity, in concert with simulations, to test the theoretical assumptions of the models, further asserting the relevance of nanopores in future investigation of knots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Ishita Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Liang Dai
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Slaven Garaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.
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Dreisigacker S, Sharma RK, Huttner E, Karimov A, Obaidi MQ, Singh PK, Sansaloni C, Shrestha R, Sonder K, Braun HJ. Tracking the adoption of bread wheat varieties in Afghanistan using DNA fingerprinting. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:660. [PMID: 31426740 PMCID: PMC6699131 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is the most important staple crop in Afghanistan and accounts for the main part of cereal production. However, wheat production has been unstable during the last decades and the country depends on seed imports. Wheat research in Afghanistan has emphasized releases of new, high-yielding and disease resistant varieties but rates of adoption of improved varieties are uncertain. We applied DNA fingerprinting to assess wheat varieties grown in farmers' fields in four Afghan provinces. RESULTS Of 560 samples collected from farmers' fields during the 2015-16 cropping season, 74% were identified as varieties released after 2000, which was more than the number reported by farmers and indicates the general prevalence of use of improved varieties, albeit unknowingly. At the same time, we found that local varieties and landraces have been replaced and were grown by 4% fewer farmers than previously reported. In 309 cases (58.5%), farmers correctly identified the variety they were growing, while in 219 cases (41.5%) farmers did not. We also established a reference library of released varieties, elite breeding lines, and Afghan landraces, which confirms the greater genetic diversity of the landraces and their potential importance as a genetic resource. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first in wheat to apply DNA fingerprinting at scale for an accurate assessment of wheat varietal adoption and our findings point up the importance of DNA fingerprinting for accuracy in varietal adoption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dreisigacker
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - R K Sharma
- CIMMYT, #118, Lane-3, West of Bahristan Park, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - E Huttner
- Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 38 Thynne Street, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - A Karimov
- CIMMYT-Turkey P.K. 39 Emek, 06511, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Q Obaidi
- Agricultural Research Institute of Afghanistan (ARIA), Badam Bagh Agriculture Research Farm, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - P K Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - C Sansaloni
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - R Shrestha
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - K Sonder
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - H-J Braun
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico
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Rab S, Yadav S, Sharma RK, Kumar L, Gupta VK, Zafer A, Haleem A. Development of hydraulic cross floating valve. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:085102. [PMID: 31472631 DOI: 10.1063/1.5089953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the design, simulation, development, and analysis of a Cross Floating Valve (CFV), an important instrument used in a cross float or pressure calibration system of pressure balances (PBs) to make the calibration process easy and time efficient. The design aspects of the CFV include the selection of proper materials and modeling of various necessary components of the CFV. For the piston design, 5 different materials, SS304, SS316, Aermet 340, SS440C, and AISI17-4PH were used. After the design, simulation studies were carried out using the ANSYS (Workbench R15.0) software to understand the behavior of stress, strain, and deformation. Out of the 5 materials thus used, the values of the factor of safety of 2 materials (SS304 and SS316) were found to be below expectations and hence were not used in the fabrication process. Among the rest of the 3 other materials (AISI17-4PH, SS440C, and Aermet 340) having a factor of safety within the expected limits, Aermet 340 was also ignored because of its high cost. Finally, AISI17-4PH and SS440C were used to fabricate the piston, the most important and critical component of the CFV. The final CFV thus developed was tested for its performance in the cross floating experiments with 2 different sets of PBs. The results thus obtained show that the use of CFV reduces the calibration time considerably which is approximately 30% (average time of increasing and decreasing orders of pressure) from the time taken in performing calibration without using CFV, which is a significant achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanay Rab
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - R K Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - V K Gupta
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Afaqul Zafer
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abid Haleem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Kaul A, Agrawal V, Bhaduaria D, Agrawal V, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK. Vasculitis and vasculopathy in Lupus Nephritis: Clinical variability, outcome, and new insight into treatment. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2019; 28:415-424. [PMID: 28352031 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.202777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have renal involvement at presentation or during their illness. Lupus nephritis (LN) encompasses several patterns of renal disease, including glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular pathologies. The presence and significance of renal vascular lesions (VLs) are often overlooked. VLs in LN are not rare with an incidence of 10%-40% on renal biopsies from various studies and their presence is often labeled as poor prognostic markers. The current treatment protocol for LN is mainly based on the glomerular pathology, and no guidelines/consensus exists for treatment of LN with VLs. We describe the clinical presentation, course, response to therapy, and outcomes in five patients with SLE with histological evidence of renal VLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Bhaduaria
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Agrawal
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar P, Suman, Pawaria S, Dalal J, Bhardwaj S, Patil S, Jerome A, Sharma RK. Serum and seminal plasma IGF-1 associations with semen variables and effect of IGF-1 supplementation on semen freezing capacity in buffalo bulls. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:101-110. [PMID: 30914211 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to establish correlation of seminal and serum IGF-1 with seminal attributes, estimate antioxidant potential of IGF-1 by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and to study the effect of IGF-1 supplementation on semen cryopreservation. For this study, buffalo bulls were divided into sub-fertile (n = 2) and normal (n = 5) on the basis of sperm mass motility and individual motility. The serum IGF-1 concentration of normal bulls was greater than in sub-fertile bulls, but there was no difference in the seminal IGF-1 concentration among the groups. The values from correlation analyses indicated that serum IGF-1 concentration is positively correlated with semen mass motility and sperm concentration. In the second experiment, IGF-1 did not have antioxidant activities when assessed with DPPH and FRAP assays. In the third experiment, the ejaculates of normal and sub-fertile bulls were cryopreserved using semen extender in which there was IGF-1 supplementation at 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 350 and 450 ng/mL of extender. Supplementation of IGF-1 at 250 ng/ml resulted in improved sperm motility, longevity and membrane intactness as compared to control after cryopreservation of semen from normal buffalo bulls, but not sub-fertile bulls. In summary, serum IGF-1 concentration was correlated with sperm mass motility and concentration in buffalo bulls and supplementation of IGF-1 protected sperm during the cryopreservation process but effects were not due to direct antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Suman
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Shikha Pawaria
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Jasmer Dalal
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonam Bhardwaj
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - S Patil
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - A Jerome
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - R K Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
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Kundra R, Samant SS, Sharma RK. Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don, a Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant of Northwestern Indian Himalaya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-018-01062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Prasad N, Thammishetti V, Bhadauria DS, Kaul A, Sharma RK, Srivastava A, Gupta A. Outcomes of radiocephalic fistula created by nephrologists. J Vasc Access 2019; 20:615-620. [PMID: 30784345 DOI: 10.1177/1129729819830361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arteriovenous fistula is considered as gold standard access for maintenance hemodialysis. Due to increasing burden of end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis, it is important for nephrologists to complement creation of arteriovenous fistula to meet the demand. METHODS This retrospective study was designed to assess the outcomes of arteriovenous fistula made by nephrologists at a tertiary care center from North India. The study included all radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula performed by nephrologists between November 2015 and January 2017. All arteriovenous fistulas were performed in patients whose duplex ultrasonography revealed both arterial and venous diameter of at least 2 mm. Data were collected with regard to age, gender, dialysis status, basic diseases, co-morbidities, and mineral bone disease parameters. The predictors of the primary and secondary patency rates were analyzed. RESULTS Five hundred patients (age 39.3 ± 14.4 years; 82.4% males; 21.6% diabetics) were included. In total, 83 (16.6%) patients had primary failure and 31 (7%) patients had secondary failure. Diabetes was associated with poor primary and secondary patency rates. Mean survival among the patients without primary failure was 11 months. The primary patency rates at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 21 months were 82%, 78%, 73%, 70%, and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSION To conclude, the outcomes of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas created by nephrologists are at par with historic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, India
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Rao VG, Bhat J, Yadav R, Sharma RK, Muniyandi M. Declining tuberculosis prevalence in Saharia, a particularly vulnerable tribal community in Central India: evidences for action. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:180. [PMID: 30786860 PMCID: PMC6383441 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of an alarmingly high tuberculosis (TB) burden amongst the Saharia tribe of central India, there is hardly any study to investigate the impact of DOTS implementation on the magnitude of tuberculosis disease and the changes over time. This article present the findings of TB prevalence surveys conducted amongst this indigenous population in two different time periods to know the change in the prevalence of TB. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted among Saharia population in Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh during February 2013 to May 2013 and resurvey during March 2015 to July 2015. All individuals (≥15 years) were examined for chest symptoms suggestive of TB. Sputum samples were collected from all presumptive TB cases and were confirmed by laboratory examination by Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy and solid media culture methods. All detected cases were referred to health facility for anti-tuberculosis treatment as per RNTCP guidelines. Results There was significant reduction (trend Chi square 19.97; OR = 1.521; p = 0.000) in the prevalence of TB at the endline (1995 per 100,000) as compared to baseline (3003 per 100,000). The reduction was significant among males as compared to females (OR 1.55; p = 0.000) and in the age group of 25–34 years (OR 2.0; p = 0.007) and 45–54 years (OR 4.39; p = 0.003). There was significant reduction in the prevalence in both smear (OR 1.29; p = 0.02) and culture positive (OR 1.57; p = 0.000) TB at the endline survey. Conclusion The study findings highlight a reduction in the prevalence of TB among Saharia tribal population. Further studies are needed to identify the factors associated with reduction in prevalence among this population and also further surveys to monitor the prevalence trend over a period.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Rao
- ICMR -National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Nagpur Road, P.O. Garha, Jabalpur, 482 003, India.
| | - J Bhat
- ICMR -National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Nagpur Road, P.O. Garha, Jabalpur, 482 003, India
| | - R Yadav
- ICMR -National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Nagpur Road, P.O. Garha, Jabalpur, 482 003, India
| | - R K Sharma
- ICMR -National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Nagpur Road, P.O. Garha, Jabalpur, 482 003, India
| | - M Muniyandi
- ICMR -National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, (Indian Council of Medical Research), No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
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Pandey AK, Gunwant P, Soni N, Kumar S, Kumar A, Magotra A, Singh I, Phogat JB, Sharma RK, Bangar Y, Ghuman SPS, Sahu SS. Genotype of MTNR1A gene regulates the conception rate following melatonin treatment in water buffalo. Theriogenology 2019; 128:1-7. [PMID: 30711643 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Buffaloes have tendency to show seasonal reproduction and remain in anestrus due to limited ovarian activity during summer. The seasonal reproductive behavior is ascribed the effect of melatonin related to photoperiod. Treating animals with melatonin could be a possible strategy to overcome the problem. The role of MTNR1A gene has not been fully explained in the buffalo. Therefore, we conducted a study on 114 buffalo heifers to detect the polymorphic site in MTNR1A gene and further treated them with melatonin implants to investigate the role of most frequent genotype following melatonin treatment on pregnancy. The present investigation is the first to investigate the association between melatonin treated different MTNR1A genotype buffalo and pregnancy. We confirmed SNP at position 72 in 812 bp fragment exon II of MTNR1A gene. RFLP of PCR products with Hpa I enzyme resulted in three genotypes: TT (812bp), CT (812, 743, 69bp) and CC (743, 69bp). Next, buffaloes of each genotype (TT, CC, CT; n = 28 for each) were treated with melatonin implants to compare the conception rate with their corresponding untreated control (n = 10 for each genotype). Melatonin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the treatment groups of all genotypes compared to their respective untreated control from day 1-28. The pregnancy rate was significantly associated with the MTNR1A genotype. The conception rate was higher (P < 0.05) for TT genotype than for the other genotypes of buffaloes treated with melatonin. Furthermore, buffaloes of TT genotype treated with melatonin started exhibiting estrus activity soon from second week of melatonin treatment (14.1 ± 2.1; range: 10-17 days) and were found to be 7.8 times more likely to become pregnant compared to other genotypes following melatonin treatment. In conclusion, TT genotype of MTNR1A gene is more sensitive to melatonin treatment that favours pregnancy in buffaloes during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India.
| | - P Gunwant
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - N Soni
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - A Magotra
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - I Singh
- Central Institute for Research on Buffalo-ICAR, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - J B Phogat
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Central Institute for Research on Buffalo-ICAR, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Y Bangar
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - S P S Ghuman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S S Sahu
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, India
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Lal H, Mohamed E, Soni N, Yadav P, Jain M, Bhadauria D, Kaul A, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK. Role of Blood Oxygen Level-dependent MRI in Differentiation of Acute Renal Allograft Dysfunction. Indian J Nephrol 2019; 28:441-447. [PMID: 30647498 PMCID: PMC6309386 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_43_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early graft dysfunction after renal transplantation manifests as acute rejection (AR) or acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a noninvasive method of assessing tissue oxygenation, which may be useful for predicting acute allograft dysfunction. This was a prospective study involving 40 patients scheduled for renal transplantation from August 2012 to August 2014. In addition, 15 healthy donors were also enrolled in this study. All recipients underwent BOLD MR imaging (MRI) and R2* mapping 10–20 days after transplant, and additionally within 48 h of biopsy if there was any evidence of graft dysfunction. The healthy donors underwent BOLD MRI 1–2 days before surgery. The biopsies were grouped into AR, ATN, and no evidence of AR or ATN. The mean medullary R2*, cortical R2*, corticomedullary gradient, and medullary: cortical R2* ratio were compared between groups using one-way analysis of variance. Spearman's correlation and multinomial linear regression were applied to determine the influence factors of R2* value. Overall, nine patients had graft dysfunction. Six were reported as AR, two as ATN, and one as no evidence of ATN or rejection. The mean medullary and cortical R2* were significantly higher in ATN group compared with AR and normal group, whereas the mean medullary and cortical R2* of AR group were significantly lower than normal group. The corticomedullary gradient of AR group was significantly lower compared with ATN and normal group. Medullary R2*:cortical R2* ratio was significantly lower in AR group compared with normal group. No significant difference was noted between the 15 donors and patients with normal graft function. R2* values on BOLD MRI are significantly decreased in AR allografts and increased in an early stage of ATN allografts, suggesting that BOLD MRI can become a valuable tool for discriminating between AR and ATN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Lal
- Department of Radiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ezaz Mohamed
- Department of Radiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Soni
- Department of Radiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyank Yadav
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Jain
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupma Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dhiman R, Prashar A, Sharma RK, Tomar M, Yadav N. Ophthalmic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis: A diagnostic clue. J Clin Ophthalmol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jcor.jcor_81_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kaul A, Prasad P, Kumari N, Bhaduaria D, Sharma RK, Prasad N, Gupta A, Krishnani N. G6PD deficiency is not an uncommon cause of pigment nephropathy. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018; 29:1371-1375. [PMID: 30588969 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.248316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) with evidence of hemolysis is associated with tropical infections. However, pigment-induced AKI can happen with relatively uncommon genetic causes of hemolytic anemia, i.e., glucose 6-phosphate deficiency (G6PD). We share our experience of three such patients whose clinical presentation was similar to jaundice, AKI with hemolysis with suspicion of thrombotic microangiopathy. On evaluation, all had a history of usage of anti-malarial and with G6PD estimation revealing deficient status even during the episode while other tests such as Coomb's test and bone marrow biopsy was normal in all three patients. The kidney biopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis with red blood cell casts and pigments in all the cases. All patients were managed conservatively and showed complete recovery. Thus in tropical countries G6PD deficiency although is not common, should be considered among patients who have received antimalarial drugs presenting as AKI and a detailed hemolytic work-up needs to be carried out as an important cause of preventable recurrent AKI in tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Kaul
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumari
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Bhaduaria
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Krishnani
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Goutam UK, Sharma RK, Singh J, Dutta K, Sule US, Pradeep R, Gadkari SC. HAXPES beamline PES-BL14 at the Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1541-1547. [PMID: 30179195 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hard X-ray Photo-Electron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) beamline (PES-BL14), installed at the 1.5 T bending-magnet port at the Indian synchrotron (Indus-2), is now available to users. The beamline can be used for X-ray photo-emission electron spectroscopy measurements on solid samples. The PES beamline has an excitation energy range from 3 keV to 15 keV for increased bulk sensitivity. An in-house-developed double-crystal monochromator [Si (111)] and a platinum-coated X-ray mirror are used for the beam monochromatization and manipulation, respectively. This beamline is equipped with a high-energy (up to 15 keV) high-resolution (meV) hemispherical analyzer with a microchannel plate and CCD detector system with SpecsLab Prodigy and CasaXPS software. Additional user facilities include a thin-film laboratory for sample preparation and a workstation for on-site data processing. In this article, the design details of the beamline, other facilities and some recent scientific results are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Goutam
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - J Singh
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - K Dutta
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - U S Sule
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - R Pradeep
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - S C Gadkari
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Uniyal S, Sharma RK. Technological advancement in electrochemical biosensor based detection of Organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in the environment: A review of status and prospects. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 116:37-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaul A, Bhadauria D, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK. Recurrent Acute Kidney Injury in Tropics-Epidemiology and Outcomes. J Assoc Physicians India 2018; 66:18-21. [PMID: 31331129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is now an established and preventable cause for chronic Kidney disease. Poor outcome of Acute Kidney Injury is influenced by severity and duration of AKI. We hypothesize that recurrent episodes of acute kidney injury are associated with adverse renal and patient related outcome. METHODS Study was undertaken to look into etiological risk factors for recurrent AKI and its effect on renal and patient related outcome. This retrospective analytical study was conducted at tertiary care health care centre from northern part of India from January 2003 to December 2013. All patients with the diagnosis of "acute renal failure" or "acute kidney injury" as their hospital admission diagnosis was identified and individuals with recurrent Acute Injury were included in the study. RESULTS Recurrent acute kidney injury was found in 21 (0.56%) of 3698 patients who presented with acute kidney injury during the 10 years period. Topical infections were the most common etiology of recurrent AKI followed by rhabdomyolysis and intravascular hemolysis leading to pigment nephropathy. Acute tubular necrosis was the most common histopathological diagnosis among patients biopsied. As the episodes of AKI increased from 2 to >2 episodes, there was poor immediate as well as late renal outcome. 50% were protienuric and 87.5% were hypertensive at 1 year among patients who had >2 episodes of AKI while it was 15.3% and 7.69% among patients having < 2 episodes respectively. CONCLUSION Recurrent episodes of AKI are associated with poor patient and renal outcome suggesting that each episode of acute kidney injury needs close evaluation and follow up following hospital discharge with particular attention to renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Kaul
- Additional Professor, Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
| | | | - Narayan Prasad
- Professor, Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amit Gupta
- Professor, Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
| | - R K Sharma
- Professor, Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
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Devi LB, Bora DP, Das SK, Sharma RK, Mukherjee S, Hazarika RA. Virulence gene profiling of porcine Pasteurella multocida isolates of Assam. Vet World 2018; 11:348-354. [PMID: 29657428 PMCID: PMC5891851 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.348-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to detect and identify the virulence genes in Pasteurella multocida isolates of porcine origin from Assam. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 porcine P. multocida isolates were subjected to capsular typing and detection of virulence-associated genes (pfhA, tbpA, hgbB, toxA, oma87, ompH, and nanB) using various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods reported elsewhere. Further, pathogenicity of the porcine isolates of P. multocida was studied in mice. For each strain of P. multocida selected for pathogenicity trial, the group of mice was injected intraperitoneally (i/p) with 0.1 ml of the inoculum prepared from respective field isolates, containing 109 organisms per ml. Results: Capsular typing of the isolates by multiplex PCR showed two capsular types, type A (66.66%) and type D (33.33%). All the isolates were positive for outer membrane protein genes, oma87 and ompH genes. Iron acquisition genes, tbpA and hgbB, were detected in 14.28% and 19.04% of the isolates. The dermonecrotoxin encoding gene, toxA, was present in 23.80% of the isolates. Filamentous hemagglutinin encoding gene, pfhA, was detected in 28.57%. The virulence gene distribution pattern of the isolates indicates the important role of the genes in disease pathogenesis. Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that toxA gene is an important marker gene for defining the pathogenic potential of P. multocida strains in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Babita Devi
- KVK Churachandpur, ICAR Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India.,Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - S K Das
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, CVSc, CAU, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - R A Hazarika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
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Thammishetti V, Kaul A, Bhadauria DS, Balasubramanian K, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK. A Retrospective Analysis of Etiology and Outcomes of Refractory CAPD Peritonitis in a Tertiary Care Center from North India. Perit Dial Int 2018; 38:441-446. [PMID: 29386307 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory peritonitis is defined as failure of clearance of peritoneal fluid despite 5 days of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Catheter removal decreases morbidity and mortality. Data on the outcomes of refractory peritonitis and of reinitiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in this group of patients are sparse. The present study analyzed etiology, outcomes, and prognostic factors of refractory peritonitis as well as survival of the reinitiation of the technique. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study that included 90 patients of refractory continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) peritonitis at a tertiary care center in North India. We collected information regarding symptomatology, causes, prognostic factors, and outcomes of refractory peritonitis. RESULTS Ninety patients suffered 93 episodes of refractory peritonitis. Fungal peritonitis was the most common cause of refractory peritonitis. Twenty nine (31%) episodes were culture-negative. We observed no difference between culture-positive and culture-negative peritonitis. Out of 90 patients, 54 (60%) recovered while 36 (40%) died. Septic shock at presentation alone was significantly associated with mortality in our study. The immediate mortality of refractory peritonitis is high. Even in patients who were shifted to permanent hemodialysis, 33% died in the first 3 months. Mean duration of technique survival after reinitiation was 23 months (1 - 85 months). Among the 12 patients who were reinitiated on CAPD, 5 patients had technique failure due to refractory peritonitis or ultrafiltration (UF) failure. CONCLUSION Refractory peritonitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite catheter removal. Reinitiation is confounded by residual infection, which is a concern for poor technique survival, and high immediate mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupama Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D S Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Prasad N, Manjunath R, Bhadauria D, Marak RSK, Sharma RK, Agarwal V, Jain M, Gupta A. Mucormycosis of the Thyroid Gland: A Cataclysmic Event in Renal Allograft Recipient. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:232-235. [PMID: 29962676 PMCID: PMC5998715 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_192_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infection is a complication seen in immunocompromised patients. A disseminated fungal infection has a high rate of mortality. Although disseminated infection is known to be seen in most organs, thyroid involvement is rarely reported. Hence, we report a fatal case of thyroid mucormycosis which resulted into laryngeal nerve paralysis and death of a renal allograft recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Manjunath
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R S K Marak
- Department of Microbiology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Jain
- Department of Pathology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Atinderpal K, Kapoor N, Gupta S, Tyag A, Sharma RK, Ali J, Gabrani R, Dang S. Development and Characterization of Green Tea Catechins and Ciprofloxacin-loaded Nanoemulsion for Intravaginal Delivery to Treat Urinary Tract Infection. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Behera MR, Kaul A, Kishore R, Karthikeyan B, Bhadauria DS, Mishra P, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK. Optimization of treatment modality in elderly end-stage renal disease population: Peritoneal dialysis versus transplant. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:433-440. [PMID: 30647497 PMCID: PMC6309383 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_305_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite kidney transplantation (KT) being considered as the best treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), patient and graft survival in the elderly population is poorer than younger individuals. Many authors argue that prolonged life expectancy outweighs the risk of remaining on dialysis, but few studies had compared the treatment modalities, especially with peritoneal dialysis (PD). A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care institute to compare outcome of elderly ESRD patients, who received KT with those continued on PD; and to evaluate the predictors of patient survival. Patient survival at 1 year was (76.2% vs. 91.1%); 5 years (53.7% vs. 21.8%); and 10 years (35.6% vs. 0.00%) among KT and PD population, respectively. Infection was the most common cause of death among KT group (35 [41.2%] vs. 34 [28.2%]) while cardiovascular mortality in PD group (55 [46.2%] vs. 7 [8.2%]). Technique survival at 1, 5, and 10 years in PD group was 92.8%, 58.5%, and 0%, respectively. Similarly, graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years in KT group was 98.7%, 90.2%, and 90.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed body mass index (BMI) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93, p < 0.001), and albumin (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37–0.80, p = 0.002) were significant predictors of survival. In the 1st year, patient survival was better in PD than KT, but after adjustment for BMI and albumin, both short-term and long-term survival in elderly KT group was better than that of PD. Hence, elderly ESRD patients should not be barred from KT just because of age.
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Kaul A, Behera MR, Rai MK, Mishra P, Bhaduaria DS, Yadav S, Agarwal V, Karoli R, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK. Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin: As a Predictor of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Nephrol 2018. [PMID: 29515302 PMCID: PMC5830810 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_96_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to look for diagnostic and prognostic role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes individuals. NGAL was measured in both urinary and serum sample of 144 type 2 diabetes individuals stratified into three categories based on urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and 54 control populations with estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum creatinine <1.2 mg/dl. The serum NGAL (sNGAL), urine NGAL (uNGAL), and uNGAL/urine creatinine were significantly higher in diabetic individuals than in the control populations with significant difference in between the groups (P < 0.05). Difference of above values between control value and normoalbuminuria was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Again, sNGAL and uNGAL correlate positively with albuminuria (P < 0.05). Tubular injury may precede glomerular injury in diabetic individuals, and NGAL can be used as a biomarker to diagnose DN even earlier to incipient nephropathy. Both sNGAL and uNGAL can predict albuminuria and be used as a noninvasive tool for diagnosis, staging, and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Behera
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Rai
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Mishra
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D S Bhaduaria
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Yadav
- Department of Medicine, ERA Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Agarwal
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Karoli
- Department of Endocrinology, ERA Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Prasad N, Patel MR, Pandey A, Jaiswal A, Bhadauria D, Kaul A, Sharma RK, Mohindra S, Pandey G, Goel A, Gupta A. Direct-acting Antiviral Agents in Hepatitis C Virus-infected Renal Allograft Recipients: Treatment and Outcome Experience from Single Center. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:220-225. [PMID: 29962673 PMCID: PMC5998719 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_190_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in renal allograft recipient is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. At present, only few studies related to treatment and outcomes of HCV-infected renal allograft recipients with DAAs have been published. We aimed the study to assess the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based regimens in HCV-infected renal allograft recipients. We analyzed data of 22 eligible HCV-infected renal allograft recipients (14 genotype-3, 6 genotype-1, one each genotype-2 and 4) who were treated with DAAs at our institute. DAA regimen included sofosbuvir and ribavirin with or without ledipasvir or daclatasvir for 12–24 weeks. Patients were followed up for 24 weeks after completion of treatment. A rapid viral response of 91%, end of therapy response of 100%, and sustained viral response at 12 and 24 weeks of 100% with rapid normalization of liver enzymes were observed. Therapy was well tolerated except for ribavirin-related anemia. A significant decrease in tacrolimus trough levels was observed and most patients required increase in tacrolimus dose during the study. Treatment with newer DAAs is effective and safe for the treatment of HCV-infected renal allograft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Patel
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Pandey
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Jaiswal
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kaul
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Mohindra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Pandey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kaul A, Bhaduaria D, Pradhan M, Sharma RK, Prasad N, Gupta A. Pregnancy Check Point for Diagnosis of CKD in Developing Countries. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2017; 68:440-446. [PMID: 30416269 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-017-1055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidences suggest that females with CKD are associated with high risk of maternal and fetal complications. Early referral in CKD with pregnancy for specialist care may prove useful for maternal and fetal outcome. Methods Study looked for assessment of impact of CKD detection at the time of pregnancy and its impact on fetal and maternal outcome. Results A total of 465 females were retrospectively evaluated for renal status during their pregnancies, 172 females were unaware about their renal illness at the time of pregnancy, while 208 females were under regular obstetrical and nephrological follow-up during their pregnancy. 44.1% of these females in both groups had GFR < 60 ml/min. Preeclampsia was observed in 17.6% of planned pregnancies, while it was observed in 47.5% of unplanned pregnancies. Worsening of renal failure during and following pregnancy was observed among all stages of CKD, and there was greater decline in GRF with progression to ESRD earlier during or after pregnancy among unplanned pregnancies. Planned pregnancy group had better fetal outcome. Low birth babies weighing < 2500 g in unplanned group were much higher than in planned pregnancies. Conclusions Chronic kidney disease is often clinically silent until renal impairment is advanced. Pregnancy can be a check point for detection of renal disease and managed appropriately for better maternal and fetal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaul
- 1Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - D Bhaduaria
- 1Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - M Pradhan
- 2Department of Maternal and Foetal Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - R K Sharma
- 1Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - N Prasad
- 1Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - A Gupta
- 1Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Sharma RK, Phulia SK, Jerome A, Singh I. Ovsynch Plus protocol improves ovarian response in anovular Murrah buffaloes in low-breeding season. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:1030-1035. [PMID: 28691349 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of ovarian response and pregnancy rate in anovular buffaloes following Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus protocols. Buffaloes (n = 55) were divided into two groups: Ovsynch group (n = 26): GnRH (10 μg, GnRH1) on Day 0, PGF2 α (25 mg) on Day 7, GnRH (10 μg, GnRH2) on Day 9; Ovsynch Plus group (n = 29): 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) 72 hr (day -3) prior to Ovsynch protocol, followed by fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) 6 and 24 hr after GnRH2 injection in bot groups. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed daily, that is, from day 0 and -3 in Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus group, respectively for ovarian response and pregnancy diagnosis at day 30 post-insemination. In Ovsynch Plus group, administration of eCG prior to GnRH1 increased (p < .001) the diameter (mm) of dominant follicle (DF) from 10.15 ± 0.26 to 12.23 ± 0.34 within 72 hr of treatment resulting higher ovulatory response to GnRH1. Ovulation after GnRH1 was higher (p < .01) in Ovsynch Plus group (96.6%) than Ovsynch group (61.5%). However, ovulation rate to GnRH2 was similar (p > .05) between groups (Ovsynch group: 76.9% vs. Ovsynch Plus group: 70.0%). Mean DF diameter (mm) that ovulated to both GnRHs was higher (p < .01) than non-ovulated counterparts in both groups (Ovsynch group: 10.80 ± 0.27 vs. 8.47 ± 0.53; Ovsynch Plus group: 11.99 ± 0.24 vs. 9.5 ± 0.63). Pregnancy was established in buffaloes which responded to both GnRHs, irrespective of groups, being higher (p = .52) in Ovsynch Plus group (34.5%) than Ovsynch group (23.1%), though non-significant. In summary, this study showed that eCG inclusion prior to Ovsynch regimen improves ovulatory response in anovular buffaloes during low-breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - S K Phulia
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - A Jerome
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - I Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Etta PK, Sharma RK, Gupta A. Study of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders in newly detected advanced renal failure patients: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2017; 28:874-885. [PMID: 28748891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the disturbances in mineral metabolism, abnormalities in bone mineral density (BMD), and extraskeletal calcification in newly detected, untreated predialysis stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at a tertiary care hospital in North India. This is cross-sectional observational study. A total of 95 (68 males, 27 females) newly detected patients underwent clinical evaluation, biochemical assessment [serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, creatinine, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)], BMD measurement (at spine, hip, and forearm) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), lateral abdominal radiograph [for abdominal aortic calcification (AAC)], skeletal survey (to look for any abnormality including fractures), and echocardiography [for any cardiac valvular calcification (CVC)]. Symptoms related to CKD-mineral bone disorder were seen in 33.6% of the study patients. Prevalence of hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and hypovitaminosis D was 64.2%, 81.1%, 49.5%, and 89.5%, respectively. CVC was seen in 22.1% of patients on echocardiography, mostly involving the mitral valve. Patients with CVC were more likely to be males and smokers. There was no significant difference in iPTH levels between patients with or without CVC. AAC was seen in 10.5% of patients on lateral abdominal X-ray. Patients with AAC had higher levels of iPTH, phosphorus, and ALP and lower levels of calcium compared to patients without AAC. BMD by DXA showed a low bone mass in 41.05% of our patients and was more prevalent in CKD stage 5. Most of the study patients had hyperparathyroidism and low 25(OH)D levels. Our study shows that newly detected, naïve Indian CKD patients have a high prevalence of disturbances of mineral metabolism including hyperparathyroidism, Vitamin D deficiency, abnormal BMD, and valvular and vascular calcification, even before initiating dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Etta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Choudhary KK, Bharadwaj A, Sharma RK, Jerome A, Khanna S. Relationship of temperament with oestrous behaviour, resumption of ovarian cyclicity and milk yield in post-partum Murrah buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:962-968. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KK Choudhary
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - A Bharadwaj
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - RK Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - A Jerome
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - S Khanna
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
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79
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Arora R, Sharma RK, Tewari S, Kapoor H. Periodontal surgery in a stage II Parkinson’s disease patient: Report of a case with special considerations. World J Neurol 2017; 7:24-27. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v7.i2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an idiopathic progressive neurological disorder characterised by resting tremor, restrictions in mobility and muscular rigidity that can lead to problems in maintaining oral health. Here we report a case where crown lengthening surgeries were successfully performed in a PD patient for complete oral rehabilitation. Certain special considerations that are required before and during periodontal surgery in such patients are also elucidated. Often dentists and PD patients are reluctant to embark on complex dental procedures resulting in a compromised outcome. However, early intervention along with proper education and motivation of these patients can aid in achieving satisfactory results.
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80
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Abstract
The MIB-1 antibody against a nuclear protein Ki-67 was used to study the proliferation of cells in the rabbit retinal transplants. Fragmented pieces of embryonic day 15 rabbit retinas were transplanted into the subretinal space of adult rabbits and allowed to survive for different times. Fragmented donor tissue starts organizing in rosettes 1 day after transplantation. The transplanted cells continue to proliferate in the host eye and their pattern of proliferation resembles that of normal developing retina, suggesting that the factors responsible for the proliferation pattern are preserved after transplantation. The dividing cells in metaphase line up in the luminal layers of the rosettes. Certain cells become postmitotic in the regions corresponding to the inner retina first, followed by the cells in the luminal layers of rosettes. Cells in the regions between the rosettes, corresponding to the inner nuclear layer, presumably the Müller cells, proliferate significantly for the equivalent age of postnatal day 2. Few cells in these regions proliferate for at least the equivalent age of postnatal day 11 in transplants. There is a layer of nonproliferating, degenerating cells in the transplant situated close to the host retina. However, some cells in this layer, situated at the host-graft interface, proliferate. These cells proliferate for a long time possibly indicating gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lund, Sweden
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81
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Singh AK, Sharma RK, Sharma V, Singh T, Kumar R, Kumari D. Isolation, morphological identification and in vitro antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves. Vet World 2017; 10:510-516. [PMID: 28620254 PMCID: PMC5465764 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.510-516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves, their identification and investigate their antibacterial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves of A. indica (neem) was procured from the Department of Botany, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Five samples were taken, and each sample was divided into five subsamples and separated for further isolation of endophytic bacteria. For sterilization leaves were treated with double distilled water, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, 0.01% bavistin, 0.05% and 70% ethanol. Sterilized leaves of the plants were embedded in Kings B (KB) petri plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Characterization of the bacteria was done according to its morphology and by Gram-staining. After that, a single colony was transferred into brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The antibacterial effect was studied by the disk diffusion method with known antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Ci) as standard. Results: A total of 25 bacterial isolates from A. indica (neem) were obtained and identified morphologically. Most of the samples on KB media depicted irregular shape, flat elevation, undulated, rough, opaque, and white in color. Most of the samples on blood agar showed irregular, raise elevation, undulated, smooth, opaque and all the isolates were nonhemolytic and nonchromogenic. The growth of endophytic bacteria in BHI broth were all isolates showed turbidity. The microscopic examination revealed that maximum isolates were Gram-positive and rod shaped. Good antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae. Conclusions: Endophytic bacteria are present in leaves of A. indica (neem) and it possesses antibacterial activity against few Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur - 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur - 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur - 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tanmay Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur - 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur - 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dimple Kumari
- Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur - 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Debnath J, Satija L, Sharma RK, Rastogi V, Singh H, Mohan R, Khanna SK. TRANSVAGINAL SALINE INFUSION SONOHYSTEROGRAPHY: INITIAL RESULTS. Med J Armed Forces India 2017; 56:135-139. [PMID: 28790677 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transvaginal sonohysterography was carried out with dynamic instillation of normal saline in the uterine cavity in fourteen infertile patients. Sonohysterography was found to be simple, accurate and specific in delineating endometrial cavity lesions like polyp, submucosal myoma, intrauterine synechiae and endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Debnath
- Graded Specialist (Radiodiagnosis), Base Hospital, Barrackpore-743101
| | - L Satija
- Classified Specialist, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Command Hospital (SC), Pune-411 040
| | - R K Sharma
- Senior Adviser, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Command Hospital (SC), Pune-411 040
| | - V Rastogi
- Trainee, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Command Hospital (SC), Pune-411 040
| | - Hariqbal Singh
- Reader, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411 040
| | - Rakesh Mohan
- Senior Adviser (Radiodiagnosis), Command Hospital (EC), Calcutta 700 027
| | - S K Khanna
- Senior Adviser (Radiodiagnosis), Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt
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Karuppanasamy K, Sharma RK, Phulia SK, Jerome A, Kavya KM, Ghuman SPS, Kumar H, Singh I, Krishnaswamy N. Ovulatory and fertility response using modified Heatsynch and Ovsynch protocols in the anovular Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2017; 95:83-88. [PMID: 28460685 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of modified Heatsynch and Ovsynch protocols on the ovulatory response (OR), estrus induction rate (EIR) and conception rate (CR) in the anovular postpartum Murrah buffalo (n = 35). In the modified Heatsynch protocol (Group I; n = 12), buffaloes were given two GnRH at 2 h interval on treatment day 0, PGF (PGF2α) on day 7 and estradiol (E2) 1 mg on day 8. Two FTAI were done at 20 h intervals after E2 administration. In the modified Ovsynch protocol (Group II; n = 15), GnRH was given on day 0, 7 and 16 with a PGF on day 14. Two FTAI were done; one at last GnRH and the other 20 h later. Group III served as untreated negative control (n = 8). During the treatment, ovarian changes were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography and plasma progesterone (P4) and E2. Administration of two GnRH at 2 h interval neither increased the OR nor strengthened the subsequent P4 priming. Interestingly, in group I, none of the buffalo ovulated to E2 though the EIR was 100% indicating the occurrence of behavioral, but not ovulatory estrus. Administration of GnRH 7 day prior to the commencement of Ovsynch protocol (Group II) did not improve the CR (21.4%), though the OR was 71.4%. No significant difference was found in the diameter of largest follicle between the ovulated and non-ovulated buffalo in response to GnRH suggesting that follicle of ≥9.5 mm is necessary but not sufficient to induce ovulation in the anovular buffalo. In both the protocols, the plasma P4 was higher on day 7 in those buffaloes that ovulated to GnRH. Buffaloes treated with modified Ovsynch regimens were 5.27 times more likely to become pregnant than modified Heatsynch protocol. It is concluded that modified Ovsynch protocol is superior to modified Heatsynch protocol in terms of OR and CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karuppanasamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - R K Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - S K Phulia
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - A Jerome
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - K M Kavya
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S P S Ghuman
- College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - H Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - I Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
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Kumar S, Archak S, Tyagi RK, Kumar J, Vk V, Jacob SR, Srinivasan K, Radhamani J, Parimalan R, Sivaswamy M, Jayaprakash P, Tyagi S, Yadav M, Rani J, Sharma S, Bhagat I, Meeta M, Bains NS, Chowdhury AK, Saha BC, Bhattacharya PM, Kumari J, Singh MC, Gangwar OP, Prasad P, Bharadwaj SC, Gogoi R, Sharma JB, Gm SK, Saharan MS, Singh AK, Khan Z, Bag M, Roy A, Prasad TV, Sharma RK, Dutta M, Sharma I, Bansal KC. Correction: Evaluation of 19,460 Wheat Accessions Conserved in the Indian National Genebank to Identify New Sources of Resistance to Rust and Spot Blotch Diseases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175610. [PMID: 28384321 PMCID: PMC5383313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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85
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Kumar R, Ghosh M, Kumar N, Balhara AK, Gupta M, Sharma RK, Singh I. Polymorphism in 5′ untranslated region of heat-shock protein 70 gene as marker of post-partum anoestrus in Murrah buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:505-512. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - M Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry; Ranchi Veterinary College; Birsa Agricultural University; Kanke Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - N Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; College of Basic Sciences and Humanities; CCSHAU; Hisar Haryana India
| | - AK Balhara
- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - M Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry; Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Hisar Haryana India
| | - RK Sharma
- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - I Singh
- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
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86
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Vyas TK, Babbar AK, Sharma RK, Singh S, Misra A. Preliminary brain-targeting studies on intranasal mucoadhesive microemulsions of sumatriptan. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 7:E49-E57. [PMID: 16584167 DOI: 10.1208/pt070108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to prepare microemulsions containing sumatriptan (ST) and sumatriptan succinate (SS) to accomplish rapid delivery of drug to the brain in acute attacks of migraine and perform comparative in vivo evaluation in rats. Sumatriptan microemulsions (SME)/sumatriptan succinate microemulsions (SSME) were prepared using titration method and characterized for drug content, globule size and size distribution, and zeta potential. Biodistribution of SME, SSME, sumatriptan solution (SSS), and marketed product (SMP) in the brain and blood of Swiss albino rats following intranasal and intravenous (IV) administrations were examined using optimized technetium-labeled (99mTc-labeled) ST formulations. The pharmacokinetic parameters, drug targeting efficiency (DTE), and direct drug transport (DTP) were derived. Gamma scintigraphy imaging of rat brain following IV and intranasal administrations were performed to ascertain the localization of drug. SME and SSME were transparent and stable with mean globule size 38±20 nm and zeta potential between -35 to -55 mV. Brain/blood uptake ratios at 0.5 hour following IV administration of SME and intranasal administrations of SME, SMME, and SSS were found to be 0.20, 0.50, 0.60, and 0.26, respectively, suggesting effective transport of drug following intranasal administration of microemulsions. Higher DTE and DTP for mucoadhesive microemulsions indicated more effective targeting following intranasal administration and best brain targeting of ST from mucoadhesive microemulsions. Rat brain scintigraphy endorsed higher uptake of ST into the brain. Studies conclusively demonstrated rapid and larger extent of transport of microemulsion of ST compared with microemulsion of SS, SMP, and SSS into the rat brain. Hence, intranasal delivery of ST microemulsion developed in this investigation can play a promising role in the treatment of acute attacks of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K Vyas
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Post Box No. 51, Kalabhavan, Vadodara - 390 001. Gujarat, India
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87
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Abstract
Aim: The aim was to determine the occurrence of Rhodococcus equi in equines and their environment in Jammu (R.S. Pura, Katra), molecular characterization and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of R. equi. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from equines. The organism was isolated on Columbia nalidixic acid agar containing 5% sheep blood as well as on sheep blood agar and was later confirmed by cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Molecular detection of R. equi isolates was done by 16S rRNA gene amplification followed by virulence associated protein A (Vap A) gene amplification. Antibiogram was performed against five antibiotics, viz., amoxicillin, penicillin G, streptomycin, rifampicin, and methicillin. Results: During the study, 9 R. equi isolates were identified on the basis of cultural and biochemical tests. In the polymerase chain reaction based detection, 3 among the 9 rhodococcal isolates were positive for species-specific 16S rRNA gene and revealed amplicon of 450 bp for confirmation of 16S rRNA gene. None of the sample was found positive for Vap A gene. In antibiogram, R. equi isolates were found sensitive for amoxicillin, while some isolates were also found resistant to the most conventional antibiotic penicillin G. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that R. equi infection is prevalent in equines in Jammu region of India and the indiscriminate use of the antibiotics is leading toward the development of resistant strains of R. equi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabyia Javed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A K Taku
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gulzaar Ahmed Badroo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to suppress gene expression by binding to messenger RNAs and in turn regulate different pathophysiological processes. Transforming growth factor-β, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and Wnt signaling-like major pathways associated with miRNAs are involved with kidney diseases. The discovery of miRNAs has provided new insights into kidney pathologies and may provide effective therapeutic strategies. Research has demonstrated the role of miRNAs in a variety of kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, hypertension, nephritic syndrome, acute kidney injury, renal cell carcinoma, and renal fibrosis. miRNAs are implicated as playing a role in these diseases due to their role in apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. As miRNAs have been detected in a stable condition in different biological fluids, they have the potential to be tools to study the pathogenesis of human diseases with a great potential to be used in disease diagnosis and prognosis. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of miRNA in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jaswani
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Prakash
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Dhar
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Agrawal
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Prasad N, Patel MR, Chandra A, Rangaswamy D, Sinha A, Bhadauria D, Sharma RK, Kaul A, Gupta A. Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate at Dialysis Initiation and Clinical Outcomes of Indian Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Indian J Nephrol 2017; 27:301-306. [PMID: 28761233 PMCID: PMC5514827 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_75_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal time for dialysis initiation remains controversial. Studies have failed to show better outcomes with early initiation of hemodialysis; even a few had shown increased adverse outcomes including poorer survival. Few studies have examined the same in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) not creatinine-based estimated GFR is recommended as the measure of kidney function in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The objective of this observational study was to compare the outcomes of Indian patients initiated on PD with different residual renal function (RRF) as measured by 24-h urinary clearance method. A total of 352 incident patients starting on chronic ambulatory PD as the first modality of renal replacement therapy were followed prospectively. Patients were categorized into three groups as per mGFR at the initiation of PD (≤5, >5–10, and >10 ml/min/1.73 m2). Patient survival and technique survival were compared among the three groups. Patients with GFR of ≤5 ml/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio [HR] - 3.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.85–6.30, P = 0.000) and >5–10 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR - 2.16, 95% CI - 1.26–3.71, P = 0.005) had higher risk of mortality as compared to those with GFR of >10 ml/min/1.73 m2. Each increment of 1 ml/min/1.73 m2 in baseline GFR was associated with 10% reduced risk of death (HR - 0.90, 95% CI - 0.85–0.96, P = 0.002). Technique survival was poor in those with an initial mGFR of ≤5 ml/min/1.73 m2 as compared to other categories. RRF at the initiation was also an important factor predicting nutritional status at 1 year of follow-up. To conclude, initiation of PD at a lower baseline mGFR is associated with poorer patient and technique survival in Indian ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Patel
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Chandra
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Rangaswamy
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Sinha
- Department of Dietetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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90
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Singh S, Sharma RK, Malhotra S, Pothuraju R, Shandilya UK. Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC17 ameliorates type-2 diabetes by improving gut function, oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat-diet fed and streptozotocintreated rats. Benef Microbes 2016; 8:243-255. [PMID: 28008783 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of dysbiosed gut microbiota through probiotic may have profound effect on type 2 diabetes. In the present study, rats were fed high fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks and injected with low dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes. Diabetic rats were then fed Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC 17 and L. rhamnosus GG with HFD for six weeks. L. rhamnosus NCDC 17 improved oral glucose tolerance test, biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin, free fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood and liver), bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in cecum, expression of glucagon like peptide-1 producing genes in cecum, and adiponection in epididymal fat, while decreased propionate proportions (%) in caecum, and expression of tumour necrosis factor-α and interlukin-6 in epididymal fat of diabetic rats as compared to diabetes control group. These findings offered a base for the use of L. rhamnosus NCDC 17 for the improvement and early treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- 1 Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - R K Sharma
- 1 Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - S Malhotra
- 1 Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - R Pothuraju
- 1 Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - U K Shandilya
- 1 Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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91
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Shrivastav A, Sharma RK, Sahni YP, Shrivastav N, Gautam V, Jain S. Study of antimicrobial resistance due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in healthy broilers of Jabalpur. Vet World 2016; 9:1259-1263. [PMID: 27956778 PMCID: PMC5146307 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1259-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in samples collected from the ceca of healthy broilers of poultry sale outlets (PSOs) Jabalpur. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 cecal swab samples were taken randomly from freshly slaughtered poultry of 39 PSOs located at four different zones or areas of Jabalpur and were screened for the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli using standard methods. Further they were characterized phenotypically by standard methods. Results: All the 400 samples were screened for E. coli producing ESBL enzyme. Among the samples positive for E. coli 135 were positive for ESBL E. coli giving an overall prevalence of 33.5%. Conclusion: This study related to the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in healthy broilers in Jabalpur is indicative of antibiotic resistance prevalent in the healthy birds which are used for human consumption as well. It also signifies resistance prevalent against beta-lactam antibiotics including third and fourth generations of cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Shrivastav
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Y P Sahni
- Director Research Services, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Shrivastav
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vidhi Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Jain
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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92
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Prajapati OP, Verma AK, Sharma RK, Sabaretnam M. Renal transplantation: Assessment of "at risk" diabetic foot and recommendations for mitigation. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2016; 27:893-901. [PMID: 27751995 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.190780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study (between November 2013 and January 2015) to identify "foot at risk" in the diabetic renal transplant patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Patients (151) were divided into three groups: diabetic transplant recipients (n = 42), new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) (n = 59), and controls (nondiabetic renal transplant recipients) (n = 50). Foot neuropathy and vasculopathy were assessed by standard methods. Patients with "at risk" feet were given foot care advice. Of the 151 patients, 144 patients were male and seven were female with a male:female ratio of 20:1. Peripheral neuropathy was present among 42.9% of diabetic transplant patients, 35.6% of NODAT patients, and 12% of control patients. Vasculopathy was present in 28.6% of diabetic transplant patients, 23.7% of NODAT patients, and 2% of control patients. On multivariate analysis, patient's age, mean time interval since transplantation, and HbA1c levels were significantly associated with neuropathy, whereas the duration of diabetes and vibration perception threshold was associated with vasculopathy. After undergoing renal transplantation, a significant number of diabetic and NODAT patients has their "feet at risk" who in future may develop full-blown lesions of the diabetic foot. Proper advice to patients and information to the treating doctor helps to mitigate the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Prajapati
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Verma
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Sabaretnam
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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93
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Sharma RK, Shrestha DG. Climate perceptions of local communities validated through scientific signals in Sikkim Himalaya, India. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:578. [PMID: 27650439 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sikkim, a tiny Himalayan state situated in the north-eastern region of India, records limited research on the climate change. Understanding the changes in climate based on the perceptions of local communities can provide important insights for the preparedness against the unprecedented consequences of climate change. A total of 228 households in 12 different villages of Sikkim, India, were interviewed using eight climate change indicators. The results from the public opinions showed a significant increase in temperature compared to a decade earlier, winters are getting warmer, water springs are drying up, change in concept of spring-water recharge (locally known as Mul Phutnu), changes in spring season, low crop yields, incidences of mosquitoes during winter, and decrease in rainfall in last 10 years. In addition, study also showed significant positive correlations of increase in temperature with other climate change indicators viz. spring-water recharge concept (R (2) = 0.893), warmer winter (R (2) = 0.839), drying up of water springs (R (2) = 0.76), changes in spring season (R (2) = 0.68), low crop yields (R (2) = 0.68), decrease in rainfall (R (2) = 0.63), and incidences of mosquitoes in winter (R (2) = 0.50). The air temperature for two meteorological stations of Sikkim indicated statistically significant increasing trend in mean minimum temperature and mean minimum winter temperature (DJF). The observed climate change is consistent with the people perceptions. This information can help in planning specific adaptation strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change by framing village-level action plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sharma
- State Climate Change Cell, Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology, Vigyan Bhawan, Deorali, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
| | - D G Shrestha
- State Climate Change Cell, Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology, Vigyan Bhawan, Deorali, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
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94
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Singh J, Sharma RK, Gupta AK. A method of REM-NREM sleep distinction using ECG signal for unobtrusive personal monitoring. Comput Biol Med 2016; 78:138-143. [PMID: 27741420 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Computers are used extensively in sleep labs for polysomnography and for assistance in sleep staging. However, the test is highly inconvenient to the patient and requires availability of specially equipped sleep labs. Alternative approaches that enable unobtrusive in-home sleep staging with ECG or other signals are highly desirable. In this paper we describe a method that can be used for distinction of REM and NREM sleep stages using spectral and non-linear features of ECG derived RR interval series. To test the accuracy of the system, we extracted the RR interval series from sleep studies of 20 young healthy individuals. Time domain, spectral and non-linear features were computed and tested for discriminability. Features showing high degree of discrimination were selected. A polynomial support vector machine was trained with selected features - percent power in HF band, LF/HF, Poincare plot parameters, exponents from Detrended fluctuation analysis, and sampEn of the half of the signals. The hyperplane was used to classify the other half of the data. The results show an accuracy of 76.25% with Cohen's kappa as 0.52 for a two-class model of five minute signal. The results dropped to 72.8% accuracy and k=0.48 for the two class model of one minute signal. The minimal set offers a reasonable trade-off for possible in-home monitoring, at least for some conditions that require only REM-NREM distinction. The method after extensive trials and standardisation, can alleviate the load of special purpose PSG labs and enable the tests to be done on general purpose computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- Principal Engineer, DECD, CDAC, A-34, Industrial Area, Phase-8, Mohali, India.
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of ECE, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of ECE, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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95
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Jain JK, Agarwal S, Sharma RK. Total hip Replacement in Crowe type IV dysplastic hips - average 5 year follow-up and literature review. Acta Orthop Belg 2016; 82:539-548. [PMID: 29119895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This is a retrospective study of 29 patients (34 hips) of Crowe grade IV dysplastic hips aged between 19 and 75 years who underwent THR for osteoarthritis secondary to DDH. The hips were evaluated radiologically for Sharp's acetabular angle, cup inclination, loosening, and ectopic bone formation. Clinically the results were evaluated by pre and postoperative -Harris hip scoring. The mean acetabular angle was 60.8° (range, 45°-68°) preoperatively. In 18 hips, subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy was performed. Pre-operatively, the mean leg length discrepancy was 5 cm (range, 2-8 cm). -Correction within 1 cm was possible in all patients -except in 4 patients. The mean Harris hip Score was 40.80 (32-45.90) preoperatively and 87.96 (74.78-94.72) at last follow-up. THR is successful in high dislocation dysplastic hips. Although there is no gold standard technique of THR in dysplastic hips and treatment of each patient should be individualized. Level of evidence : IV.
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96
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Agarwal S, Gupta G, Sharma RK. Comparison between single stage and two stage bilateral total hip replacement- our results and review of literature. Acta Orthop Belg 2016; 82:484-490. [PMID: 29119888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral total hip replacement (THR) is a common procedure nowdays. Staging of surgery is still a -matter of debate. We performed a study to compare single stage and two stage bilateral THR and discuss the peri-operative and post-operative advantages and complications. This was a retrospective study. 48 patients underwent single stage and 56 patients underwent two stage bilateral THR. The average follow up period was 64 months and 70 months respectively. The hospital stay was 5.6 days in single stage and 9.0 days in two stage bilateral THR. The total blood loss was 280 ml and 440 ml ; average blood trans-fusion was 1.6 units and 2.2 units and walk without support was started at 42 days and 58 days respectively. No difference in complication rate was seen. Single staged bilateral THR is a safe procedure. The definite benefits are short hospital stay, lower cost and early rehabilitation.
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97
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Javed R, Taku AK, Gangil R, Sharma RK. Molecular characterization of virulence genes of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in equines. Vet World 2016; 9:875-81. [PMID: 27651677 PMCID: PMC5021838 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.875-881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to determine the occurrence of streptococci in equines in Jammu (R. S. Pura, Katra), characterization of Streptococci equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus with respect to their virulence traits and to determine antibiotic sensitivity pattern of virulent Streptococcus isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 96 samples were collected from both clinically affected animals (exhibiting signs of respiratory tract disease) and apparently healthy animals and were sent to laboratory. The organisms were isolated on Columbia nalidixic acid agar containing 5% sheep blood as well as on sheep blood agar and confirmed by cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Molecular detection of Streptococcus was done directly from cultures using sodA and seM gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiogram was performed against five antibiotics such as amoxicillin, penicillin G, streptomycin, rifampicin, and methicillin. RESULTS During this study, a total 40 streptococcal isolates were obtained out of which 2 isolates were of S. equi subsp. equi, 12 isolates were from S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. In the PCR-based detection, we revealed amplicons of 235 bp and 679 bp for confirmation of sodA and seM gene, respectively. In antibiogram, two isolates of S. equi subsp. equi were found resistant to penicillin G, and all other isolates were found sensitive to amoxicillin and streptomycin. CONCLUSION The majority of streptococcal infections was due to S. equi subsp. Zooepidemicus, and thus was recognized as a potential pathogen of diseases of equines besides S. equi subsp. equi.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Javed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A K Taku
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakhi Gangil
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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98
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Abstract
A 25-year-old man presented with a history of breathlessness for the past 2 years. He had a history of operation for Tetralogy of Fallot at the age of 5 years and history suggestive of Rheumatic fever at the age of 7 years. On echocardiographic examination, all his heart valves were severely regurgitating. Morphologically, all the valves were irreparable. The ejection fraction was 35%. He underwent quadruple valve replacement. The aortic and mitral valves were replaced by metallic valve and the tricuspid and pulmonary by tissue valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Saxena
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Institute of Critical Care, Medanta . The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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99
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Sasaki N, Saitoh Y, Sharma RK, Furusawa K. Determination of the elastic modulus of β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils by measuring the Debye-Waller factor. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:240-245. [PMID: 27411296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although amyloid fibrils are associated with amyloidoses, they are now being considered as novel biomaterials for industrial use due to their structural stability in the matured state. Therefore, the physical characteristics of these materials need to be clarified prior to their industrial application. In the present study, the mechanical properties of amyloid fibrils precursored by β-lactoglobulin were investigated. Previous studies have examined the stiffness or modulus values of these fibrils using atomic force microscopy. However, the modulus values reported, even for amyloid fibrils from the same precursor proteins, range over three orders of magnitude, from a few MPa to GPa, depending on the experimental methods employed under specific loading conditions. We determined the elastic modulus of amyloid fibrils by measuring spontaneous thermal fluctuations in the material, the Debye-Waller factor. This method does not require any contact between the probe and material or any loading. The vibrational modes of a fibril were considered in order to estimate mechanical parameters. The modulus value determined along the fibril axis for single amyloid fibrils was slightly smaller than those reported in the literature. The smaller modulus value suggests the existence of less ordered proto-fibrils in our specimen, which was confirmed by the AFM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sasaki
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Yuna Saitoh
- Department of Bio-macromolecular Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuya Furusawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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100
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Uniyal S, Paliwal R, Verma M, Sharma RK, Rai JPN. Isolation and Characterization of Fipronil Degrading Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter oleivorans from Rhizospheric Zone of Zea mays. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:833-838. [PMID: 27084098 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An enrichment culture technique was used for the isolation of bacteria capable of utilizing fipronil as a sole source of carbon and energy. Based on morphological, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, the bacterial strains were identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter oleivorans. Biodegradation experiments were conducted in loamy sand soil samples fortified with fipronil (50 µg kg(-1)) and inoculated with Acinetobacter sp. cells (45 × 10(7) CFU mL(-1)) for 90 days. Soil samples were periodically analyzed by gas liquid chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. Biodegradation of fipronil fitted well with the pseudo first-order kinetics, with rate constant value between 0.041 and 0.051 days(-1). In pot experiments, fipronil and its metabolites fipronil sulfide, fipronil sulfone and fipronil amide were found below quantifiable limit in soil and root, shoot and leaves of Zea mays. These results demonstrated that A. calcoaceticus and A. oleivorans may serve as promising strains in the bioremediation of fipronil-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Uniyal
- Department of Environmental Science, Swami Ramtirth Campus Badshahithaul, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rashmi Paliwal
- Ecotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Megha Verma
- Ecotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - R K Sharma
- G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Himachal Unit, Mohal-Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - J P N Rai
- Ecotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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