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Sahoo A, Dwivedi A, Madheshiya P, Kumar U, Sharma RK, Tiwari S. Insights into the management of food waste in developing countries: with special reference to India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:17887-17913. [PMID: 37271790 PMCID: PMC10239724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to one third of the food that is purposely grown for human sustenance is wasted and never consumed, with adverse consequences for the environment and socio-economic aspects. In India, managing food waste is a significant environmental concern. Food waste output is increasing in Indian cities and towns as a result of the country's urban expansion, modernization, and population growth. Poor management of food waste can have negative consequences for the environment and pose a risk to the public's health issues. This review focuses on the current challenges, management strategies, and future perspectives of food waste management in India. The efficient management of food waste involves a comprehensive study regarding the characterization of food waste and improved waste management methods. In addition, the government policies and rules for managing food waste that is in effect in India are covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuman Sahoo
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Akanksha Dwivedi
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Parvati Madheshiya
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Supriya Tiwari
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Singh PK, Kumar I, Kumar U, Sharma RK. Soil-mustard revitalization via rice husk ash, a promising soil amendment material for sustainable management of heavy metal contamination in tropical ecosystem. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120538. [PMID: 38452623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged wastewater irrigation in agriculture has led to the accumulation of heavy metals in soil, endangering both the soil quality and food safety, thereby posing a potential threat to human health through the consumption of contaminated crops. The present study aimed to enhance the yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Varuna and NRCHB 101) plants and stabilize heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in wastewater-irrigated soil using rice husk ash (RHA), rice mill by-product, collected from Chandauli region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Results demonstrated significant improvements in growth, biomass, physiology, and yield of mustard plant with increasing RHA application in wastewater irrigated soil (p ≤ 0.05). Heavy metal accumulation in different parts of mustard plants decreased as RHA application rate increased. Applying RHA at 2% in soil proved to be most effective in reducing Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn accumulation in seeds by 29%, 29.6%, 23.1%, 21.3% and 20.1%, respectively in Varuna and 30.1%, 21.4%, 11.1%, 12.1%, and 28.5%, respectively in NRCHB 101cultivars. The present findings showed that RHA amendment in wastewater irrigated soil had reduced bioaccumulation of Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn and consequently their toxicity in cultivated mustard plants. A novel application of RHA is unveiled in this research, offering a promising solution to promote sustainable agriculture and to reduce heavy metal associated health risks within the soil-mustard system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Indrajeet Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Singh PK, Yadav JS, Kumar I, Kumar U, Sharma RK. Screening of mustard cultivars for phytoremediation of heavy metals contamination in wastewater irrigated soil systems. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:321. [PMID: 38418671 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plant is a well-known and widely accepted hyper-accumulator of heavy metals. The genetic makeup of mustard's cultivars may significantly impact their phytoremediation capabilities. The present study aimed to investigate the growth performance, yield attributes, and heavy metal accumulation potential of B. juncea cv. Varuna, NRCHB 101, RH 749, Giriraj, and Kranti, cultivated in soil irrigated with wastewater (EPS) and bore-well water (MPS). EPS contributed more Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni to tested mustard cultivars than the MPS. EPS reduced morphological, biochemical, physiological, and yield attributes of tested mustard cultivars significantly (p < 0.05) than the MPS. Among the tested cultivars of mustard plants, Varuna had the highest heavy metal load with the lowest harvest index (35.8 and 0.21, respectively). Whereas NRCHB 101 showed the lowest heavy metal load with the highest harvest index (26.9 and 0.43, respectively). The present study suggests that B. juncea cv. Varuna and NRCHB 101 could be used for the phytoextraction of heavy metals and reducing their contamination in food chain, respectively in wastewater irrigated areas of peri-urban India. The outcomes of the present study can also be utilized to develop a management strategy for sustainable agriculture in heavy metal polluted areas resulting from long-term wastewater irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Jay Shankar Yadav
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Indrajeet Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India.
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Mariyam S, Upadhyay SK, Chakraborty K, Verma KK, Duhan JS, Muneer S, Meena M, Sharma RK, Ghodake G, Seth CS. Nanotechnology, a frontier in agricultural science, a novel approach in abiotic stress management and convergence with new age medicine-A review. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169097. [PMID: 38056665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change imposes various environmental stresses which substantially impact plant growth and productivity. Salinity, drought, temperature extremes, heavy metals, and nutritional imbalances are among several abiotic stresses contributing to high yield losses of crops in various parts of the world, resulting in food insecurity. Many interesting strategies are being researched in the attempt to improve plants' environmental stress tolerance. These include the application of nanoparticles, which have been found to improve plant function under stress situations. Nanotechnology will be a key driver in the upcoming agri-tech and pharmaceutical revolution, which promises a more sustainable, efficient, and resilient agricultural and medical system Nano-fertilizers can help plants utilise nutrients more efficiently by releasing nutrients slowly and sustainably. Plant physiology and nanomaterial features (such as size, shape, and charge) are important aspects influencing the impact on plant growth. Here, we discussed the most promising new opportunities and methodologies for using nanotechnology to increase the efficiency of critical inputs for crop agriculture, as well as to better manage biotic and abiotic stress. Potential development and implementation challenges are highlighted, emphasising the importance of designing suggested nanotechnologies using a systems approach. Finally, the strengths, flaws, possibilities, and risks of nanotechnology are assessed and analysed in order to present a comprehensive and clear picture of the nanotechnology potentials, as well as future paths for nano-based agri-food applications towards sustainability. Future research directions have been established in order to support research towards the long-term development of nano-enabled agriculture and evolution of pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Mariyam
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Harayana, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Department of Horticulture and Food Science, School of Aricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil-Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopatholoy and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gajanan Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Yadav PS, Kumar D, Saini M, Sharma RK, Dua S, Selokar NL, Bansal S, Punetha M, Gupta A, Kumar R, Kumar P. Evaluation of postnatal growth, hematology, telomere length and semen attributes of multiple clones and re-clone of superior buffalo breeding bulls. Theriogenology 2024; 213:24-33. [PMID: 37793222 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study comprehensively evaluates the postnatal growth, hematology, telomere length, and semen attributes of multiple clones and re-clone derived from superior buffalo breeding bulls. To the best of our knowledge, we successfully produced multiple clones and a re-clone of an earlier cloned buffalo bull from an embryo developed from an adult bull's skin-derived cell for the first time. The cloned bulls' growth, blood hematology, plasma biochemistry, and telomere length were all shown to be normal at various stages of development. The bulls were used for semen production after being screened for testicular growth and training. Semen characteristics such as volume, concentration, and initial motility of fresh sperm as well as motility and kinetics characteristics such as straightness (STR), average lateral head displacement (ALH), and beat cross frequency (BCF) of frozen-thawed sperms of the cloned bulls were found to be similar to those of non-cloned bulls, including the donor bulls. Additionally, it was found that cloned bulls' functional sperm attributes, including acrosome intactness, mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide anion status, were comparable to those of non-cloned bulls. These characteristics are necessary for sperm to pass through the female reproductive system, penetrate the oocyte, and efficiently fertilize. Finally, this study adds to our understanding of the postnatal development, hematology, telomere length, and sperm characteristics of superior buffalo breeding bulls that have been cloned and re-cloned. The findings provide the groundwork for improving cloning practices, refining reproductive procedures, and optimizing the use of cloned genetic material in animal breeding and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Monika Saini
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Seema Dua
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sonu Bansal
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Meeti Punetha
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Akanksha Gupta
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
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Sharma M, Punetha M, Saini S, Chaudhary S, Jinagal S, Thakur S, Kumar P, Kumar R, Sharma RK, Yadav PS, Kumar D. Mito-Q supplementation of in vitro maturation or in vitro culture medium improves maturation of buffalo oocytes and developmental competence of cloned embryos by reducing ROS production. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 260:107382. [PMID: 38035499 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mito-Q is a well-known mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger. To our knowledge, the effect of Mito-Q on buffalo oocyte maturation and developmental competency of cloned embryos has not been examined. To investigate the effects of Mito-Q on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of buffalo oocytes and the developmental competence of cloned embryos, different concentration of Mito-Q were supplemented with IVM (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 μM) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium (0, 0.1 μM). Supplementation of IVM medium with 0.1 μM Mito-Q significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and antioxidants genes (GPX1 and SOD2) expression and effectively reduced ROS production leading to a significant improvement in the maturation rate of buffalo oocytes. Further, the supplementation of 0.1 μM Mito-Q in IVC medium promotes the cleavage and blastocyst rate significantly over the control. Mito-Q supplementation improves (P ≤ 0.05) MMP, antioxidant gene (GPX1) expression and reduced the ROS level and apoptosis related genes (caspase 9) expression in cloned blastocysts. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the supplementation of 0.1 μM Mito-Q in IVM and IVC media exerts a protective role against oxidative stress by reducing ROS production and improving MMP, fostering improved maturation of buffalo oocytes and enhanced developmental competence of cloned embryos. These findings contribute valuable insights into the optimization of assisted reproductive technologies protocols for buffalo breeding and potentially offer novel strategies to enhance reproductive outcomes in livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India; Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Meeti Punetha
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Sujata Jinagal
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Swati Thakur
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India
| | - P S Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001 Haryana, India.
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Ganai IA, Sharma RK, Rastogi A, Pathak AK, Sharma VK. Comparative evaluation of native top feeds of western Himalayas for utilization as goat's ration in mash and block form. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:370. [PMID: 37864597 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The current research was undertaken to scrutinize the effect of leaf meal mixture as concentrate mixture in the ration of goats. Leaf meal mixture (LMM) was prepared using equal quantities of ten top-foliages namely Acacia nilotica, Celtis australis, Ficus palmata, Ficus religiosa, Grewia optiva, Melia azadarach, Morus alba, Quercus incana, Salix alba and Zizyphus jujube obtained from district Poonch of Jammu region in western Himalayas. The LMM prepared was substituted for 15% in the concentrate mixture being fed to the goats. The study constituted of two trials. Concentrate mixture offered to the animals was in mash and multi-nutrient block in first and second trial respectively. A total of twelve non-descript, adult male goats were selected for each trial. Goats of 0-14 months age (27.71 ± 2.96 kg live body weight) of for first trial while goats of 12-16 months age (27.02 ± 2.93 kg live weight) for second trial were divided into control and treatment groups as per randomized block design and fed ad-lib wheat straw and concentrate mixture @ (20 g/kgW0.75). No significant variation was observed (p > 0.05) in body weight, feed and DM intake among all groups in both trials. Comparable intake as well as digestibility of various nutrients like DM, OM, CP, EE, CF, NFE, NDF, ADF and TDN were found between the two groups during individual trials. There was a positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance among all experimental animals in both the trials. Serum enzymes ALT, AST and haemato-biochemical parameters like total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin: globulin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed no significant differences during both trials in all groups, being within normal physiological levels. However, haemoglobin concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in treatment group with respect to the control group in first trial. On the basis of current results, it can be established that leaf meal mixture can successfully be used to replace concentrate mixture up to 15% in the ration of goats without expecting any adverse impacts on their growth and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - A K Pathak
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
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Sharma AK, Singh S, Bhat M, Gill K, Zaid M, Kumar S, Shakya A, Tantray J, Jose D, Gupta R, Yangzom T, Sharma RK, Sahu SK, Rathore G, Chandolia P, Singh M, Mishra A, Raj S, Gupta A, Agarwal M, Kifayat S, Gupta A, Gupta P, Vashist A, Vaibhav P, Kathuria N, Yadav V, Singh RP, Garg A. New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16420. [PMID: 37775650 PMCID: PMC10541452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rhythm regulated by micro-macroscopic structures of heart. Pacemaker abnormalities or disruptions in electrical conduction, lead to arrhythmic disorders may be benign, typical, threatening, ultimately fatal, occurs in clinical practice, patients on digitalis, anaesthesia or acute myocardial infarction. Both traditional and genetic animal models are: In-vitro: Isolated ventricular Myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscles, Patch-Clamp Experiments, Porcine Atrial Myocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscle: action potential and refractory period, Langendorff technique, Arrhythmia by acetylcholine or potassium. Acquired arrhythmia disorders: Transverse Aortic Constriction, Myocardial Ischemia, Complete Heart Block and AV Node Ablation, Chronic Tachypacing, Inflammation, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. In-Vivo: Chemically induced arrhythmia: Aconitine antagonism, Digoxin-induced arrhythmia, Strophanthin/ouabain-induced arrhythmia, Adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, and Calcium-induced arrhythmia. Electrically induced arrhythmia: Ventricular fibrillation electrical threshold, Arrhythmia through programmed electrical stimulation, sudden coronary death in dogs, Exercise ventricular fibrillation. Genetic Arrhythmia: Channelopathies, Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Short QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome. Genetic with Structural Heart Disease: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Atrioventricular Block, Preexcitation Syndrome. Arrhythmia in Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Both traditional and genetic, experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias' characteristics and significance help in development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India.
| | - Shivam Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mehvish Bhat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Kartik Gill
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohammad Zaid
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anjali Shakya
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Junaid Tantray
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Divyamol Jose
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Tsering Yangzom
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | | | - Gulshan Rathore
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Priyanka Chandolia
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Shobhit Raj
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sumaiya Kifayat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ankit Vashist
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Parth Vaibhav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Nancy Kathuria
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Vipin Yadav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Arun Garg
- MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India
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Choudhary D, Singh A, Giri A, Prasad HC, Sharma RK, Mishra A, Singhai S, Singh A. Functional hBN decorated Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets synthesized for remarkable adsorption performance for the elimination of fluoride ions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13199-13215. [PMID: 37665003 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of fluoride in groundwater is a serious concern due to its fatal effects. Functionalized hexagonal boron nitride sheets have been combined with nickel hydroxide nanoparticles by a one step process and a hybrid adsorbent Ni(OH)2@hBN has been developed with an exceptionally high fluoride adsorption capacity of 365 mg g-1, higher than those of Ni(OH)2 and hBN. This maximum adsorption capacity is higher than those of most common adsorbents used for defluoridation including activated alumina, reported nickel oxide and carbon-based 2D material-supported alumina adsorbents. The presence of functionalized boron nitride significantly increased the surface area to 680 m2 g-1 with a pore volume of 0.33687 cm3 g-1 and provided rich hydroxyl group-containing surface sites for the removal of fluoride present in contaminated water. In addition, the adsorption of fluoride onto boron nitride-modified nickel hydroxide followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, suggesting a monolayer adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, the material developed is tested with the water sample collected from a real affected area, from the Dhar district of India, and the material showed promising results in terms of fluoride removal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Choudhary
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Advanced Radiation Shielding and Geopolymeric Materials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Ankit Singh
- Centre for Advanced Radiation Shielding and Geopolymeric Materials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Abhishek Giri
- Centre for Advanced Radiation Shielding and Geopolymeric Materials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Harish Chandra Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Advanced Radiation Shielding and Geopolymeric Materials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Technical Physical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Alka Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Advanced Radiation Shielding and Geopolymeric Materials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Sandeep Singhai
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Advanced Radiation Shielding and Geopolymeric Materials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Advanced Radiation Shielding and Geopolymeric Materials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India
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Kumar D, Mehta JS, Jerome A, Kumar P, Kumar D, Shivani B, Patil CS, Bala R, Verma N, Nain S, Sharma RK, Singh P. Genetic analysis for semen quality traits in buffalo bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:313. [PMID: 37735295 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was attempted to estimate the genetic parameters of semen quality traits in buffalo bulls. The study data consisted of 10975 ejaculates from 45 Murrah buffalo bulls (aged 24-72 months) used for breeding program during year 2010 to 2020. Semen quality traits (ejaculate volume, concentration of sperm, mass activity, initial and post-thaw motility, number of sperms per ejaculate, motile sperm number and discard rates) were studied. It was observed that average ejaculate volume was 2.82 ± 1.45 mL with mean concentration of 1040.12 ± 523.26 million/mL. Higher heritability was observed for number of sperms per ejaculate, number of motile sperm and sperm concentration. Significant phenotypic correlation was obtained between volume and number of sperms per ejaculate as well as volume and number of motile sperms. Likewise, significant phenotypic correlation was evident between sperm concentration with sperm number per ejaculate. Highest phenotypic correlation was obtained between sperm count per ejaculate and motile sperm count. Estimated genetic trends showed significant change in volume and motile sperm number. In conclusion, this study ascertains that genetic parameters of semen traits can be considered during the selection of buffalo bulls in breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - J S Mehta
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Jerome
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - D Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - B Shivani
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - C S Patil
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Bala
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Satish Nain
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - R K Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research On Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Pawan Singh
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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11
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Sharma P, Sharma M, Bhomia N, Sharma H, Deeba F, Sharma RK, Singh R, Sharma RP, Malhotra B. Outbreak investigation of Dengue like fever in rural area of Rajasthan. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 45:100398. [PMID: 37573049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
During October 2020, suddenly many cases were reported with Dengue like Illness in Sahawa village, Rajasthan. Blood samples collected from 68 patients were tested for Dengue NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies for Dengue, Chikungunya, Scrub typhus, Leptospira and Brucella by ELISA, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viral RNA by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), 41.17% samples were positive for Dengue; 25% were positive by Dengue PCR, 17.64% for NS1 Ag,14.70% for IgM ELISA, 20.58% were positive for antibodies either for Scrub typhus (4.41%), Leptospira (7.35%) or Brucella (10.29%). Dengue was seen in 41.17% cases and other etiological agents in 20.58% cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Megha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Neha Bhomia
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Farah Deeba
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | | | - Ruchi Singh
- Directorate of Medical and Health Services, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | | | - Bharti Malhotra
- Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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12
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Rawool SA, Pai MR, Banerjee AM, Nath S, Bapat RD, Sharma RK, Jagannath, Dutta B, Hassan PA, Tripathi AK. Superior Interfacial Contact Yields Efficient Electron Transfer Rate and Enhanced Solar Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation in M/C 3N 4 Schottky Junctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:39926-39945. [PMID: 37556210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Various literature studies (Table 6) have reported that dispersion of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (M/CN) has considerably improved the photocatalytic hydrogen yield. It is understood that metal NPs create active sites on the surface of CN and act as a cocatalyst. However, the precise changes induced by different metal NPs on the surface of CN still elude us. Here, we report a thorough understanding and comparison of the morphology, metal-support interactions, interfacial charge transfer kinetics, and band characteristics in different M/CN (M = Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu) correlated with photocatalytic activity. Among all metals, Pt/CN was found to be the best performer both under sunlight and UV-visible irradiation. Under sunlight, maximum H2@ 2.7 mmol/h/g was observed over Pt/CN followed by Pd/CN > Au/CN > Ag/CN > Cu/CN ≈ CN. The present study revealed that among all metals, Pt formed superior interfacial contact with g-C3N4 as compared to other metals. The maximum Schottky barrier height (Φb,Pt) of 0.66 V was observed at Pt/CN followed by Φb,Au/CN (0.46 V) and Φb,Pd/CN (0.05 V). The presence of electron-deficient Pt in Pt-XPS, decrease in the intensity of d-DOS of Pt near the Fermi level in VB-XPS, increase in CB tail states, and cathodic shift in Vfb in MS plots sufficiently confirmed strong metal-support interactions in Pt/CN. Due to the SPR effect, Au and Ag NPs suffered from agglomeration and poor dispersion during photodeposition. Finely dispersed Pt NPs (2-4 nm, 53% dispersion) successfully competed with shallow/deep trap states and drove the photogenerated electrons to active metallic sites in a drastically reduced time period as investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Typically, an interfacial electron transfer rate, KIET,avg, of 2.5 × 1010 s-1 was observed for Pt/CN, while 0.087 × 1010 s-1 was observed in Au/CN. Band alignment/potentials at M/CN Schottky junctions were derived and most favorable in Pt/CN with CB tail states much above the water reduction potential; however, in the case of Pd, these extend much below the H+/H2 potential and hence behave like deep trap states. Thus, in Pd/CN (τ0 = 4200 ps, 49%) and Ag/CN (3870 ps, 53%), electron deep trapping dominates over charge transfer to active sites. The present study will help in designing futuristic new cocatalyst-photocatalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma A Rawool
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - Mrinal R Pai
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - A M Banerjee
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - S Nath
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - R D Bapat
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra India
| | - R K Sharma
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jagannath
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - B Dutta
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
| | - P A Hassan
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - A K Tripathi
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
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Dhara S, Gupta HP, Kumar S, Sharma RK, Thakur S. Effects of Heterologous Bovine Seminal Plasma-Supplemented Egg Yolk-Based Extender on Cryosurvivability of Pantja Buck Semen. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:336-345. [PMID: 35856825 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to observe the effects of removal of seminal plasma of Pantja buck semen and supplementation of bovine seminal plasma (BSP) in the extender before cryopreservation. In a preliminary experiment, different levels of BSP were supplemented (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9% v/v) in egg yolk (7.5% egg yolk)-tris (EYT) extender and used for cryopreservation of Pantja buck semen. Results in terms of motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and lipid peroxidation showed that 5% BSP was suitable for maintaining Pantja buck semen quality during cryopreservation. In the final experiment, pooled semen from four Pantja bucks was split into three aliquots (I, II, and III). Aliquot I was directly diluted in EYT extender and grouped as the control (C); aliquot II and III were washed separately with TALP solution and diluted as D1 (Washed semen with EYT extender) and D2 (Washed semen with EYT extender containing 5% BSP), respectively. Seminal attributes (sperm individual motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and total morphological abnormalities) were assessed at the postdilution, postequilibration, and post-thawing stages. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured at post-thaw. Washed semen significantly improved (p < 0.05) seminal parameters at post-thaw compared with unwashed semen (control). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in seminal attributes between freezing stages and between dilution groups. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) post-thaw sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and GSH-Px activity, and significantly lower (p < 0.05) MDA concentration and extracellular release of enzymes (ALT, AST) were observed in group D2 compared with control and D1. The results of the present study demonstrated that cryopreservation of washed Pantja buck semen diluted with 5% BSP-supplemented EYT extender can improve post-thaw semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Dhara
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - H P Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Livestock Production Management, and G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Swati Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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Solanki K, Sharma S, Yadav S, Kaushik B, Rana P, Dixit R, Sharma RK. Hierarchical 3D Flower-like Metal Oxides Micro/Nanostructures: Fabrication, Surface Modification, Their Crucial Role in Environmental Decontamination, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Perspectives. Small 2023:e2300394. [PMID: 36950767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical micro/nanostructures are constructed by micro-scaled objects with nanoarchitectures belonging to an interesting class of crystalline materials that has significant applications in diverse fields. Featured with a large surface-to-volume ratio, facile mass transportation, high stability against aggregation, structurally enhanced adsorption, and catalytical performances, three dimenisional (3D) hierarchical metal oxides have been considered as versatile functional materials for waste-water treatment. Due to the ineffectiveness of traditional water purification protocols for reclamation of water, lately, the use of hierarchical metal oxides has emerged as an appealing platform for the remediation of water pollution owing to their fascinating and tailorable physiochemical properties. The present review highlights various approaches to the tunable synthesis of hierarchical structures along with their surface modification strategies to enhance their efficiencies for the removal of different noxious substances. Besides, their applications for the eradication of organic and inorganic contaminants have been discussed comprehensively with their plausible mechanistic pathways. Finally, overlooked aspects in this field as well as the major roadblocks to the implementation of these metal oxide architectures for large-scale treatment of wastewater are provided here. Moreover, the potential ways to tackle these issues are also presented which may be useful for the transformation of current water treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Solanki
- Green Chemistry Network Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sneha Yadav
- Green Chemistry Network Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Bhawna Kaushik
- Green Chemistry Network Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ranjana Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
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Rana P, Kaushik B, Solanki K, Saini KM, Sharma RK. Development of heterogeneous photocatalysts via the covalent grafting of metal complexes on various solid supports. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11354-11377. [PMID: 36148784 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of photocatalysts owing to their high activity, selectivity, and tunable light absorption in the visible light range. Recently, heterogeneous photocatalytic systems have emerged as potential candidates due to their beneficial attributes (e.g., high surface area, ease of functionalization and facile separation). Herein, we provide a concise overview of the rational design of heterogeneous photocatalysts by grafting photoactive complexes on heterogeneous support matrices via covalent grafting and their detailed characterization techniques, which have been followed by the landmark examples of their applications. Also, major challenges and opportunities in the forthcoming progress of these appealing areas are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Bhawna Kaushik
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kanika Solanki
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kapil Mohan Saini
- Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110008, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
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Kaur A, Singla RK, Sharma RK. An Anatomical Evaluation of Normal and Aberrant Foramen Ovale in Skull Base with Its Clinical Significance. Maedica (Bucur) 2022; 17:357-362. [PMID: 36032599 PMCID: PMC9375881 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Foramen ovale is one of the most significant foramina of skull base and transmits mandibular nerve. Its detailed knowledge is crucial in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and various diagnostic practices. Aim: Aim of the study was to provide anatomical data of foramen ovale regarding number, shape, diameters and its relation to nearby bony landmarks. Material and method: The present study was ethically approved and 100 dry adult human skulls were included in the study to evaluate 200 foramina ovale. Non-metric parameters were observed and metric parameters were measured with Vernier calliper and goniometer. Results:Different kinds of shapes were found in foramen ovale. Variant features in the form of bony spine, ridge, foramen or bar were identified. The means of anteroposterior and transverse diameter of foramen ovale were found to be 8.16 and 4.97 mm on the right side, and 7.68 and 4.74 mm on the left side. The mean distance of its anterior and posterior ends from the midsagittal plane were 22.69 and 28.92 mm on the right side, and 22.18 and 22.66 mm on the left side. Distance from the lateral border of foramen ovale to the posterior end of zygoma and midpoint of infratemporal crest was found to be 30.65 and 21.05 mm on the right, and 30.30 and 20.87 mm on the left side. The mean of angle of foramen ovale with midsagittal was 45.44º on the right side and 45.78º on the left side. Conclusion:Variations found in foramen ovale are key points to keep in mind while operating in this region. Measured metric parameters were found to a higher extent on the right side than the left one. The present study will be helpful for both further research and neurosurgeons operating in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, GMC, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - R K Singla
- Department of Anatomy, GMC, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, GMC, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Sharma KR, Sharma H, Vishnoi J, Sharma RK, Goel S. Pattern of Male Hypogonadism and Outcome of Treatment in South Rajasthan. J Assoc Physicians India 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 35443335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Male reproductive functions are governed by hypothalamic pituitary testicular axis. If any component of this axis malfunctions, then hypogonadism will develop which is characterized by ill-defined secondary sexual features and low serum testosterone. The common patterns seen are primary and secondary testicular failure in the young; and late onset hypogonadism in the elderly. All such cases can be virilized and managed by androgen supplementation. Spermatogenesis can be induced by use of appropriate gonadotropins in selected cases. The aim of the study was to find out the pattern, management and outcome of male hypogonadism. MATERIAL It was a prospective questionnaire based observational study, carried out on infertile hypogonadic males, attending medicine outdoor at medical college hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. There were 50 males with hypogonadic features, cases of late onset of hypogonadism were excluded. Sexual maturity rating, semen analysis, serum testosterone and FSH level were estimated in all patients at baseline and at 6 months duration of treatment. Testicular biopsy, Karyotyping and MRI brain were performed in selected cases. Azoospermic patients having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were treated with long-acting testosterones and gonadotropins. OBSERVATION The study subjects were infertile azoospermic males. On the basis of serum FSH and testosterone levels, they were classified into two groups. Group A (n=42) cases were hypergonadotropic hypogonadism or primary testicular failure; of these 32 were Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), 7 chronic orchitis and 3 empty scrotal syndrome including one case of anorchia. These patients also developed other systemic illnesses in addition to hypogonadism. Group B (n=8) hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or secondary testicular failure; of these 2 were Kallman syndrome and the rest were idiopathic. After testosterone replacement all patients were virilized and there was marked improvement in libido and androgenization. CONCLUSION The study brings out that primary testicular failure is more common than secondary testicular failure. Both pattern of hypogonadism should receive lifelong androgen replacement therapy; otherwise, they will be a basket of multiple systemic disorders. Presently testosterone undecanoate once in every three months is the agent of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Sharma
- Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur
| | - H Sharma
- Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur
| | | | - R K Sharma
- Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur
| | - Sunil Goel
- Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur
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Biswas S, Mukherjee A, Chakraborty S, Chaturvedi A, Samanta B, Khanra D, Ray S, Sharma RK. Impact of plasma glucose and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus on SYNTAX Score II in patients suffering from non ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Kardiologiia 2022; 62:40-48. [PMID: 35414360 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.3.n1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aim The objective was to assess the correlation of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with SYNTAX score (SS) II in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Material and methods FPG and HbA1C were measured in 398 patients presenting with NSTEMI at admission. SS II was calculated using an online calculator. Patients were stratified according to SS II (≤21.5, 21.5-30.6, and ≥30.6), defined as SS II low, mid, and high, respectively.Results 37.7 % of subjects were diabetic. Correlations of FPG (R=0.402, R2=0.162, p<0.001) and HbA1c (R=0.359, R2=0.129, p<0.001) with SS II were weak in the overall population. Duration of T2DM showed very strong correlation with SS II (R=0.827, R2=0.347). For the prediction of high SS II in the study population, FPG≥98.5 mg / dl demonstrated a sensitivity of 58 % and a specificity of 60 %, and HbA1c ≥6.05 demonstrated a sensitivity of 63 % and a specificity of 69 %. Duration of T2DM (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.182; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.185-2.773) and FPG (OR: 0.987; 95 % CI: 0.976-0.9959) were significantly associated with high SS II after controlling for other risk factors. Duration of T2DM (Beta=0.439) contributed strongly to variance of SS II, whereas HbA1c (Beta=0.063) contributed weakly.Conclusion Duration of T2DM is a very important risk factor for severity of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Biswas
- Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital
| | - A Mukherjee
- Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital
| | | | | | - B Samanta
- Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital
| | - D Khanra
- Heart and Lung Centre, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
| | - S Ray
- Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospitals
| | - R K Sharma
- Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital
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Chaturvedi B, Goswami S, Bareth H, Patel A, Sharma RK, Nathiya D, Jain A, Pal N. A Review on Role of Zebrafish in Huntington’s Disease. JPRI 2022. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i19b35806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Treatment and effective therapies of most of the neurodegenerative disease are not available due to social and economic factors which makes it incurable. Huntington’s disease is one of such disease. Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited condition which leads to progressive degeneration of nerve cells may leads to cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric symptoms. Discovery of zebrafish has filled the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays and makes the study of neuroscience easy with less complications. Zebrafish model has become a recent topic to focus on, as its utility in the study of neurological disease and role in improving screening methods makes the treatment and therapies more productive. Zebrafish hold many advanced functional genomics like human disease, the understanding of genetics, neurodegenerative disease and disorders and the discovery of therapeutics. It assess the mutant gene, etiology of human’s disease, and it is role in the disease progression and allows the identification of relevant treatment for the same. This review highlights the role of the zebrafish in the Huntington’s disease.
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20
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Rana P, Kaushik B, Gaur R, Dutta S, Yadav S, Rana P, Solanki K, Arora B, Biradar AV, Gawande MB, Sharma RK. An Earth-abundant cobalt based photocatalyst: visible light induced direct (het)arene C-H arylation and CO 2 capture. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2452-2463. [PMID: 35048925 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have reported a noble metal free heterogeneous photocatalyst to carry out direct (het)arene C-H arylation and solvent-free CO2 capture via single-electron transfer processes at room temperature and under pressure. The catalytic system comprises a cobalt(III) complex grafted over the silica coated magnetic support for the efficient recovery of the photocatalytic moiety without hampering its light-harvesting capability. The novel Earth-abundant cobalt(III) based photocatalyst possesses various fascinating properties such as high surface area to volume ratios, large pore volume, crystalline behaviour, high metal loading, excellent stability and reusability. The general efficacy of the highly abundant and low-cost cobalt based heterogeneous nanocatalyst was checked for the selective conversion of aryldiazonium salts into synthetically and pharmaceutically significant biaryl motifs under ambient conditions upon irradiation with visible light. The highly efficient photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to a value-added chemical was accomplished under mild reaction conditions with high selectivity, showing the added benefit of operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Bhawna Kaushik
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Rashmi Gaur
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sriparna Dutta
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sneha Yadav
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kanika Solanki
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Bhavya Arora
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Ankush V Biradar
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
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Tavar D, Kamlesh K, Prakash S, Kumar P, Raizada P, Srivastava AK, Singh A, Sharma RK. Investigation of Li-excess Manganese Oxide Spinel Structure for Electrochemical Water Oxidation Catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12558-12568. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01964g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts is essential for oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, nanostructured spinels LiMn2O4, delithiated λ-MnO2, and Li4Mn5O12 have been synthesized at low temperature and are...
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22
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Singh PK, Yadav JS, Kumar I, Kumar U, Sharma RK. Carpet industry irrigational sources risk assessment: Heavy metal contaminated vegetables and cereal crops in northern India. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1906-1919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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23
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Vavilapalli DS, Peri RG, Sharma RK, Goutam UK, Muthuraaman B, Ramachandra Rao MS, Singh S. g-C 3N 4/Ca 2Fe 2O 5 heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic effluents under sunlight. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19639. [PMID: 34608208 PMCID: PMC8490349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures were successfully prepared by incorporating g-C3N4 into Ca2Fe2O5 (CFO). As prepared g-C3N4/CFO heterostructures were initially utilized to photodegrade organic effluent Methylene blue (MB) for optimization of photodegradation performance. 50% g-C3N4 content in CFO composition showed an enhanced photodegradation efficiency (~ 96%) over g-C3N4 (48.15%) and CFO (81.9%) due to mitigation of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers by Type-II heterojunction. The optimized composition of heterostructure was further tested for degradation of Bisphenol-A (BPA) under direct sunlight, exhibiting enhanced photodegradation efficiency of about 63.1% over g-C3N4 (17%) and CFO (45.1%). The photoelectrochemical studies at various potentials with and without light illumination showed significant improvement in photocurrent response for g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures (~ 1.9 mA) over CFO (~ 67.4 μA). These studies revealed efficient solar energy harvesting ability of g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures to be utilized for organic effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raja Gopal Peri
- Department of Energy, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - U K Goutam
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - B Muthuraaman
- Department of Energy, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - M S Ramachandra Rao
- Nano Functional Materials Technology Centre and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Shubra Singh
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.
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24
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Mehdi AS, Bitar G, Sharma RK, Iyengar S, El-Sharkawi D, Tasoulis MK, Attygalle AD, Cunningham D, Sharma B. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): a good practice guide, pictorial review, and new perspectives. Clin Radiol 2021; 77:79-87. [PMID: 34579859 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare but emerging T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It has two distinct subtypes, "effusion-only" or "mass-forming" disease, arising around implants in patients with in situ or previous history of textured-surface breast implants. The clinical, histopathological and imaging features are unique and nuanced as compared to primary breast malignancy and other lymphoma categories. Prompt recognition and diagnosis triggers referral to appropriate BIA-ALCL centres and initiation of treatment, with potential for excellent prognosis. Definitive management of both subtypes involves implant and capsule removal; systemic therapy is reserved for mass-forming disease and advanced-stage disease. There have been recent crucial advances in the diagnostic pathway, with publication of national and international guidelines: from the UK Medicines Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Expert Advisory Group (PRASEAG), and the United States National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). This review provides a practical guide to the clinical work-up of BIA-ALCL, enabling optimisation of the diagnostic imaging pathway, with representative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Mehdi
- Radiology Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - G Bitar
- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R K Sharma
- Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
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- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Lymphoma Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, ICR, London, UK
| | - S Iyengar
- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Lymphoma Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, ICR, London, UK
| | - D El-Sharkawi
- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Lymphoma Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, ICR, London, UK
| | - M K Tasoulis
- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A D Attygalle
- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Lymphoma Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, ICR, London, UK
| | - B Sharma
- Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Lymphoma Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, ICR, London, UK.
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Kaul A, Bhaduaria D, Pradhan M, Jain M, Prasad N, Patel M, Gupta A, Sharma RK. Feto-maternal and renal outcomes of nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2021; 32:1397-1406. [PMID: 35532710 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.344760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria can range from subnephrotic to nephrotic amounts during pregnancy, though nephrotic syndrome (NS) is rare (0.012%-0.025%). Without a renal biopsy, this distinction may be difficult at times. The objective of our study was assessing about renal and feto-maternal outcomes of these patients. This study was done in a tertiary-care hospital in north India from 2010 to 2019. We included all pregnant women with nephrotic-range proteinuria, with no signs or symptoms suggestive of pre-eclampsia. We studied their treatment modalities, renal, maternal, and fetal outcomes. Eighteen eligible pregnant women diagnosed with NS with no features suggestive of pre-eclampsia or associated comorbidities were included. The gestational age of presentation was 23.2 ± 1.36 weeks. The average proteinuria was 4.38 ± 0.76 g/day. The patients were managed conservatively without kidney biopsy. About 16.7% of pregnancies had worsening of hypertension and acute kidney injury which recovered after delivery. Anasarca was troublesome for four patients requiring fresh-frozen plasma infusion. All were managed conservatively; however, five patients were started on empirical immunosuppression, all five with steroids, while two required the addition of calcineurin inhibitors as well. All had live births, but 25.7% each had preterm and intrauterine growth restriction while one required neonatal intensive care unit admission. The degree of proteinuria had an impact on maternal and fetal outcomes, especially on risk to pre-eclampsia. NS during pregnancy needs evaluation and counseling. Majority of them can be managed conservatively yet specific therapies can safely be tried among symptomatic ones. Despite good outcomes, a sizeable risk to maternal and fetal complications can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Bhaduaria
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mandakini Pradhan
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Health, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Jain
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Patel
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Kour G, Sharma RK, Khan N, Pathak AK, Rastogi A, Sharma VK. Spent marigold flower meal as an alternate feed for goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:430. [PMID: 34363100 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This research trial is aimed to study the nutritional qualities and significance of feeding spent marigold flower meal (SMFM) in goats. SMFM and diet containing iso-nitrogenous concentrate mixture with different levels of spent marigold flower meal (0-30%) were studied for in vitro degradation. Depending upon the in vitro results, concentrate mixture containing 15% level of SMFM was selected for in vivo trial. In vivo studies were conducted for a period of 60 days, and 12 local, non-descript, adult male goats (10-14 months age; 31.09 ± 2.91 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to two groups and were fed on ad libitum wheat straw with either conventional (control) or SMFM containing concentrate mixture (treatment). Results of the study showed that there was no variation in body weight of the goats between periods and between groups. DM and OM intake along with their digestibility were similar among the two groups. The digestibility of all other nutrients was comparable between the two groups. Nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance were positive in both the groups without any significant disparity. Moreover, experimental goats did not differ in biochemical parameters, without any significant difference between periods and dietary treatments except AST level which was significantly higher (P > 0.05) in treatment group. So, this study successfully demonstrates that SMFM could be incorporated in the concentrate mixture, up to 15% without any discernable difference in the performance of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kour
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Nazam Khan
- ILFC, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - A K Pathak
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
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27
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Rao VG, Muniyandi M, Sharma RK, Yadav R, Bhat J. Long-term survival of patients treated for tuberculosis: a population-based longitudinal study in a resource-poor setting. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1110-1116. [PMID: 34109699 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the long-term survival of TB patients belonging to the Saharia tribe, a high TB burden community in Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh, central India. METHODS Population-based, longitudinal study conducted among 9756 Saharia population in 2013, and a resurvey done 2 years later in 2015 using the same methods. The status of the individuals during resurvey was recorded as non-TB, relapse and death. The deaths recorded in this period were used to measure the mortality among TB-affected population and the non-TB population in this cohort. RESULTS The standardised mortality ratio for the study cohort was 122.9 per 1000 population; males had higher mortality than females (129.9 vs. 96.8). The expected mortality among the non-TB population was 30.2, and the observed mortality among TB-affected population was 122.9 per 1000 population. CONCLUSION In the Saharia tribe, post-treatment mortality in the TB-affected population is significantly higher than in the general population. This highlights an urgent need for implementation of effective public health strategies to prevent disproportionate deaths among TB-affected individuals in resource-poor settings, and the importance of periodic follow-up of patients after cure/completion of treatment, especially in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Rao
- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - M Muniyandi
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - R K Sharma
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - R Yadav
- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Jyothi Bhat
- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
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28
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Musanhu E, Sharma RK, Attygalle A, Wotherspoon A, Chau I, Cunningham D, Dearden C, El-Sharkawi D, Iyengar S, Sharma B. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Richter's transformation: multimodal review and new imaging paradigms. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:789-800. [PMID: 34217434 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia in adults. It is a malignancy of CD5 B-cells characterised by small, mature-appearing lymphocytes accumulating in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Richer transformation (RT) is an important adverse complication. Detection of RT is critical to allow initiation of appropriate therapy. CLL staging and response evaluation is complicated and nuanced. From our extensive tertiary centre experience of several hundred CLL cases over the last decade, we detail key computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging features of the natural history of CLL. The authors present an original imaging-based patient-management paradigm for the investigation of potential RT, which will inform global practice. Potential applications of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging, novel PET radiotracers, minimal residual disease, and ct-DNA are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Musanhu
- Radiology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - R K Sharma
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - A Attygalle
- Pathology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, UK
| | - A Wotherspoon
- Clinical Oncology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, UK
| | - I Chau
- Clinical Oncology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- Clinical Oncology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, UK
| | - C Dearden
- Clinical Oncology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, UK
| | - D El-Sharkawi
- Clinical Oncology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, UK
| | - S Iyengar
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - B Sharma
- Radiology Department, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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29
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Kumar A, Singh G, A J, Kumar P, V A, Bala R, Verma N, Sharma RK. IGF-1 supplementation in semen affects mitochondrial functional and calcium status of buffalo sperm following cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 231:106783. [PMID: 34091430 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of seminal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) supplementation on structural and functional properties of buffalo sperm post cryopreservation. Semen ejaculates from buffalo bulls (n = 6) were proportioned into four aliquots and diluted with egg yolk-based extender. Prior to equilibration, IGF-1 was added to extender as four treatments: group IGF0 (no supplementation), IGF150 (150 ng/mL), IGF250 (250 ng/mL) and IGF350 (350 ng/mL). The extended semen was transferred into 0.25 mL mini-straws, equilibrated (4 °C at 4 h), and cryopreserved. Total sperm motility was greater (P < 0.05) when there was the IGF150 treatment compared with values for other groups. Furthermore, with the IGF150 treatment there was the least and greatest (P < 0.05) mitochondrial superoxide status and membrane potential, respectively. Similarly, with the IGF150 treatment there was a greater (P < 0.05) sperm membrane integrity with a lesser (P < 0.05) calcium status compared to values for the other groups. In conclusion, seminal IGF-1 supplementation affects the structural and functional properties of buffalo sperm following cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Gyan Singh
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Jerome A
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Arjun V
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Renu Bala
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Nisha Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - R K Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
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Jala VR, Bodduluri SR, Ghosh S, Chheda Z, Singh R, Smith ME, Chilton PM, Fleming CJ, Mathis SP, Sharma RK, Knight R, Yan J, Haribabu B. Absence of CCR2 reduces spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc Min /+ mouse model. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2594-2607. [PMID: 33497467 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological activities of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) are mediated via C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2). Increased CCL2 level is associated with metastasis of many cancers. In our study, we investigated the role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in the development of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis using the ApcMin/+ mouse model. Ablation of CCR2 in ApcMin/+ mice significantly increased the overall survival and reduced intestinal tumor burden. Immune cell analysis showed that CCR2-/- ApcMin/+ mice exhibited significant reduction in the myeloid cell population and increased interferon γ (IFN-γ) producing T cells both in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes compared to ApcMin/+ mice. The CCR2-/- ApcMin/+ tumors showed significantly reduced levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 and increased IFN-γ and Granzyme B compared to ApcMin/+ tumors. Transfer of CCR2+/+ ApcMin/+ CD4+ T cells into Rag2-/- mice led to development of colitis phenotype with increased CD4+ T cells hyper proliferation and IL-17 production. In contrast, adoptive transfer of CCR2-/- ApcMin/+ CD4+ T cells into Rag2-/- mice failed to enhance colonic inflammation or IL-17 production. These results a suggest novel additional role for CCR2, where it regulates migration of IL-17 producing cells mediating tumor-promoting inflammation in addition to its role in migration of tumor associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatakrishna Rao Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sobha Rani Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sweta Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zinal Chheda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michelle E Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paula M Chilton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christopher J Fleming
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Steven Paul Mathis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Abstract
Knots in long DNA molecules are prevalent in biological systems and serve as a model system for investigating static and dynamic properties of biopolymers. We explore the dynamics of knots in double-stranded DNA in a new regime of nanometer-scale confinement, large forces, and short time scales, using solid-state nanopores. We show that DNA knots undergo isomorphic translocation through a nanopore, retaining their equilibrium morphology by swiftly compressing in a lateral direction to fit the constriction. We observe no evidence of knot tightening or jamming, even for single-digit nanopores. We explain the observations as the malleability of DNA, characterized by sharp buckling of the DNA in nanopores, driven by the transient disruption of base pairing. Our molecular dynamics simulations support the model. These results are relevant not only for the understanding of DNA packing and manipulation in living cells but also for the polymer physics of DNA and the development of nanopore-based sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Ishita Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Liang Dai
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Patrick Doyle
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Slaven Garaj
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Choudhary A, Kumar A, Sharma RK, Varshney R, Munjal SS, Kaushik K, Gupta LN. Emergency Department Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in New Delhi–A Single Institute Cohort Management Data. Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to compare the current clinical management practices and decision guidelines of the Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) for mild traumatic brain insult with line of treatment followed at our center to identify the clinically significant treatment outcome in pediatric to elderly patients.
Materials and Methods This is a questionnaire-based prospective observational study at the emergency department of neurosurgery in Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, New Delhi. A registry questionnaire was administered to all the eligible subjects by the neurosurgery resident in emergency department (ED) to correlate clinical status, severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and associated comorbid conditions and its outcome after management.
Results Out of 154 mild TBI cases attending ED, 115 (74.7%) were males and 39 (25.3%) were females, with average age of 27 years. Of the patients with mild TBI, road traffic accidents (RTA) were the main cause (50.6%), followed by fall from height (42.9%), assault and sports-related injury (6.4%). Of the total, 96.1% underwent CT. Of these, 31.8% found abnormal CT results, 27.5% received wound treatment care, and 9.1% received emergency care. Nearly 30.5% were admitted and 1.3% patients were died in the hospital, 75.3% patients were discharged and 23.4% were referred to other department for associated co morbid conditions.
Conclusion The present study identified deficiencies in and variation around several important aspects of ED care. The development of BTF guidelines specific for mild TBI could reduce variation and improve emergency care for this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Varshney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Satya Shiva Munjal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaviraj Kaushik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Laxmi Narayan Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Sharma RK, Sharma N, Kumar U, Samant SS. Antioxidant properties, phenolics and flavonoids content of some economically important plants from North-west Indian Himalaya. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1565-1569. [PMID: 33567925 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1881959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol extract of the leaf, stem bark, and fruit of Olea ferruginea Royle, Olea europaea L., and Tilia europaea L. grow naturally in the north-west Indian Himalaya. Phenolics and flavonoids content was found to be maximum in methanol extracts of stem bark and leaf (9.28 mg GAE/g fw and 14.73 mg QE/g fw, respectively) of O. ferruginea plants. Ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical scavenging activity were found to be maximum in leaf and stem bark (38.88 mM AAE/g fw and 20.31 mM AAE/g fw, respectively) of O. ferrugenia plants, whereas maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity (4.52 mM AAE/g fw) was recorded with stem bark of T. europaea plants. These tree species were found rich in natural compounds and also possess antioxidant activities. Therefore, their pharmaceutical and local uses for the health benefits are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Himachal Regional Centre, Mohal-Kullu, India.,Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Himachal Regional Centre, Mohal-Kullu, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sher Singh Samant
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Himachal Regional Centre, Mohal-Kullu, India.,Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, India
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Zafar S, Sharma RK, Cunningham J, Mahalingam P, Attygalle AD, Khan N, Cunningham D, El-Sharkawi D, Iyengar S, Sharma B. Current and future best practice in imaging, staging, and response assessment for Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: the Specialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Imaging Reporting (SIHMIR) paradigm shift. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:391.e1-391.e18. [PMID: 33579517 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) encompasses over 40 different haematological malignancies, including low and high-grade neoplasms, such as follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) respectively. A key clinical issue in the context of NHL is delayed and inaccurate diagnosis, which contributes adversely to patient morbidity and mortality. This article will address relevant imaging aspects, with particular reference to advancements in NHL imaging, including computed tomography (CT), integrated positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We provide multiparametric (anato-functional) imaging display items, including histological correlation. We will also introduce our original concept of "Specialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Imaging Reporting" (SIHMIR), a paradigm shift in lymphoma radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zafar
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - R K Sharma
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - J Cunningham
- The Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - P Mahalingam
- The Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A D Attygalle
- The Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Khan
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- The Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D El-Sharkawi
- The Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Iyengar
- The Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - B Sharma
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK; The Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
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Uniyal S, Sharma RK, Kondakal V. New insights into the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by a novel bacterial consortium: Process optimization using general factorial experimental design. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 209:111799. [PMID: 33360782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Himalayan mountains are subjected to the intensive and unjudicial application of chlorpyrifos (CP) in agricultural practices; hence it has spurred concerns over food safety and environmental consequences. These low-temperature mountainous regions are foremost ecosystems, representing the large-scale distribution of cold trapped CP residues. A bacterial consortium ECO-M was formed by isolating the CP degrading bacterial strains viz Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain ECO1, Cellulosimicrobium funkei strain ECO2, Shinella zoogloeoides strain ECO3 and Bacillus aryabhattai strain ECO4. At an initial concentration of 50 mg L-1, consortium ECO-M degraded 100% of CP within 6 days. Emergence and subsequent degradation of the two metabolites, 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and 2-hydroxypyridine were confirmed by GC-MS analysis. A degradation pathway of CP by isolated strains has been proposed. A general factorial experimental design was effectuated to prognosticate the optimum biodegradation by manifesting the optimal biological and physicochemical factors. Fitness of the experimental design was affirmed experimentally by employing optimized factors i.e., temperature 30 °C, CP concentration 50 mg L-1 and an inoculum size of 10% (v/v). The model appropriacy and the rationality of the optimization procedure were appraised by installing an in-situ microcosms experiment using the real contaminated soil collected from the Himalayan mountain ecosystem. The augmentation culture seems to be effectively conspicuous in stimulating maximum degradation up to 94.3% in the CP contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Uniyal
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Vishnu Kondakal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
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Saikumar Doradla LP, Lal H, Kaul A, Bhaduaria D, Jain M, Prasad N, Thammishetti V, Gupta A, Patel M, Sharma RK. Clinical profile and outcomes of De novo posttransplant thrombotic microangiopathy. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2021; 31:160-168. [PMID: 32129209 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.279936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after kidney transplant is rather uncommon but an important reversible cause of graft loss. This retrospective study of biopsy-proven posttransplant TMA was done to identify the important etiological factors, clinical features, and outcomes of post transplant TMA in a tertiary care referral hospital in northern India. This retrospective study was conducted among all renal transplant recipients who presented with graft dysfunction between 1989 and 2015. All the cases were looked for their etiology, clinical course, treatment modalities, and renal outcomes. The study was conducted in accord with prevailing ethical principles and reviewed by our own institutional review board. Seventeen patients out of 2000 (0.008%) transplants done during the study period had posttransplant TMA, out of which all the patients had de novo TMA, and the median time of presentation after transplantation was four months. Systemic TMA was noted in only four patients. Biopsy revealed associated rejection in five patients and associated calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) toxicity in 12 patients. Patients with TMA due to CNI toxicity were managed with CNI reduction or switching to alternate CNI or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. In addition, antithymocyte globulin and plasma exchange were used in rejection-associated TMA. While four out of 12 patients (33%) in CNI-related TMA developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD), all patients in rejection-associated TMA developed ESRD. The overall one-year graft survival was 47%, whereas five- and 10-year survival was 35%. There was no significant difference in graft survival between localized and systemic TMAs (P = 0.4). Posttransplant TMA should be suspected even if there are no systemic features of hemolysis and early graft biopsy and prompt action is needed. The occurrence of TMA in the setting of rejection is associated with grave prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Saikumar Doradla
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Lal
- Departmenta of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupma Kaul
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Bhaduaria
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Jain
- Departmenta of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Prasad
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Thammishetti
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gupta
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Patel
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Departmenta of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma RK, Singh J, Sule U, R P, Jagannath J. First result of photoabsorption spectroscopic studies beamline (PASS, BL-07) installed on Indus-1 synchrotron source. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:015106. [PMID: 33514207 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoabsorption spectroscopic studies (PASS) beamline (PASS-BL07), installed at a bending magnet 450 MeV, 100 mA Indus-1 synchrotron source (India), is capable of performing photoabsorption studies in the vacuum ultraviolet to soft x-ray range of thin films and solid samples. The beamline covers an energy range of 55 eV-840 eV by an in-house developed SX-700 type plane grating monochromator. This energy range will cover the absorption spectra of low Z-elements like C, N, and O as well as the L and M threshold of 3d elements such as Ti, V, S, etc. The beamline will be significantly used for studying organic semiconductors, graphene, etc. In this article, the design details of the beamline and some of the recent scientific results have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sharma
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Uday Sule
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Pradeep R
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - J Jagannath
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sharma
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Sharma HK, Saxena RS, Gokhale A, Kapoor A, Prasad R, Sharma RK. Cathodoluminescence Studies of Nanoindented CdZnTe Single Crystal Substrates for Analysis of Residual Stresses and Deformation Behaviour. DEFENCE SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.70.16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoindentation-induced residual stresses were analysed on (111) Te face CdZnTe single-crystal substrates in this study. CdZnTe substrates were subjected to nanoindentation using cube corner indenter geometry with a peak load of 10 mN. Loading rates of 1 mN/s and 5 mN/s were used in the experiments, with a holding time of 10 s at peak load. Residual stresses on the indented region were analysed from load-displacement curves and explained using dislocation generation and elastic recovery mechanisms. Residual stresses were found to be of compressive type, just on the indented surface. The slip lines along the slip directions of this material were clearly visible in the FE-SEM images of the indents. Indents and surrounding surfaces were characterized using the Cathodoluminescence (CL) technique. CL mapping of the indented surface revealed the dislocation generation and their propagation behaviour just beneath the indenter as well as in the surrounding surfaces. The dislocations act as non-radiative recombination centres and quench the CL intensity locally. Dark lines were explained as the presence of dislocations in the material. CL mapping analysis shows that both the rosette glide and tetrahedral glide of dislocations are the primary deformation mechanisms present in CdZnTe. A rosette structure was observed in the CL mapping. CL spectra at 300 K of un-deformed CdZnTe show a peak at 810 nm wavelength, which corresponds to near-band-edge emission. After indentation, the CL spectra show the peak intensity at 814 nm and 823 nm wavelengths at the edge of the indents created with a loading rate of 1 mN/s and 5 mN/s, respectively. These peak shifts from 810 nm were attributed to the tensile residual stresses present in the indented material.
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Abstract
Nanoindentation creep studies were performed on Hg1-xCdxTe (x~0.29) epitaxial films using different loading rates of 0.5 mN.s-1, 1 mN.s-1, 2 mN.s-1 and 4 mN.s-1, keeping a constant peak load of 10 mN. A constant hold time of 20 sec at peak load was maintained for all experiments. The effect of loading rate on creep behaviour of material has been investigated. Creep displacement had shown increasing trend with increase of loading rates. Stress exponents were extracted using creep curve fitting with an empirical equation. A strong dependence of loading rate on stress exponent was observed. The value of stress exponent was found varying in the range 0.60-1.76, 0.96-2.23, 0.98-2,87 and 0.90-2.81 for loading rates 0.5 mN.s-1, 1 mN.s-1, 2 mN.s-1 and 4 mN.s-1, respectively. The change of stress exponent was attributed to change of creep mechanism. Hardness and elastic modulus were extracted from load-displacement curves and it was found that with the increase of the loading rate hardness increases, while elastic modulus remains constant. A correlation between variation of hardness and creep displacement has also been presented.
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Pandit VA, Sharma RK, Bhaskar S, Kindra AS, Choudhary A, Gupta LN. A Randomised Interventional Study to Compare Autologous and Nonautologous Dural Substitutes Among Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives To determine and compare the effectiveness and safety of galea-pericranium autologous dural graft with nonautologous polypropylene (G-patch) dural substitute among traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.
Methods A prospective interventional randomized comparative study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery from November 2013 to March 2015 after obtaining approval from the institutional ethicas committee. The study population included 50 cases of TBI which were divided into two groups of 25 each by the randomization technique and were treated either with autologous duraplasty (galea-pericranium) or nonautologous polypropylene (G-patch) dural substitute. The outcomes measured were time to duraplasty, blood loss, hospital stay, and the incidence of complications with the two techniques. The data were entered in a MS Excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results The average time to harvest galea-pericranium was 5 minutes. Compared with the patients undergoing G-patch, the patients in group pericranium had comparable duraplasty time (minutes) (34.32 vs. 27.80, p = 0.44), significantly lower drain output (54.8 vs. 74.5, p = 0.017), comparable blood loss (322 vs. 308, p = 0.545), comparable blood transfusion (24% vs. 16%, p = 0.48), significantly lesser duration of hospital stay (8.6 vs. 10.44, p = 0.028), comparable wound infection (8% vs. 16%, p = 0.384), and comparable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (0% vs. 8%, p = 0.149).
Conclusion The study showed that galea-pericranium and polypropylene dural patch are equally effective and safe dural substitutes in providing a dural seal to minimize the CSF leaks and infections among posttraumatic brain injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vir Abhimanyu Pandit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Rohtas, Bihar, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS), Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Ajay Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS), Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - LN Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS), Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Sharma KR, Giri R, Sharma RK. Lead, cadmium and nickel removal efficiency of white-rot fungus Phlebia brevispora. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:637-644. [PMID: 32785942 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Widespread of heavy metals contamination has led to several environmental problems. Some biological methods to remove heavy metals from contaminated wastewater are being widely explored. In the present study, the efficiency of a white-rot fungus, Phlebia brevispora to remove different metals (Pb, Cd and Ni) has been evaluated. Atomic absorption spectroscopy of treated and untreated metal containing water revealed that all the metals were efficiently removed by the fungus. Among all the used metals, cadmium was the most toxic metal for fungal growth. Phlebia brevispora removed maximum Pb (97·5%) from 100 mmol l-1 Pb solution, which was closely followed by Cd (91·6%) and Ni (72·7%). Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that the presence of metal altered the morphology and fine texture of fungal hyphae. However, the attachment of metal on mycelia surface was not observed during energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, which points towards the intracellular compartmentation of metals in vacuoles. Thus, the study demonstrated an application of P. brevispora for efficient removal of Pb, Cd and Ni from the metal contaminated water, which can further be applied for bioremediation of heavy metals present in the industrial effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R Giri
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Sharma AK, Goyal D, Meena RC, Bansal MC, Sharma RK, Kumar S. Subtrochanteric fracture in a near term pregnant female in the back drop of COVID-19 pandemic: A triple trouble pregnant with peril all along. Asian J Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v11i4.29047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus was first reported in Wuhan province in China. By February all hell broke loose in Europe and other continents. Spread of virus in India with 1.38 billion population posed an unprecedented challenge to its health care system. We hereby report a rare case of subtrochanteric fracture of femur in a near term (35 weeks) pregnant female who was treated at our tertiary care center in the times of Covid-19. Combination of pregnancy and Subtrochanteric femoral fracture is a double trouble with high morbidity and mortality and in time of Corona pandemic it became a unique challenge where two lives were at risk. Here we share our experience of dealing this case with multidisciplinary approach and sticking to our clinical sense as literature for Covid-19 pandemic is barely 4 months old and devoid of any guideline for such cases so far.
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Saikia D, Sharma RK, Janardhan KV. Clinical profile of poisoning due to various poisons in children of age 0-12 years. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2291-2296. [PMID: 32754490 PMCID: PMC7380753 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_365_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Majority of childhood poisonings are unintentional. The incidence of poisoning in children has been shown to be reduced by a significant amount. But to develop effective prevention strategies, the state health care planners need better information on the number and types of poisonings, circumstances in which they occur, and how serious the problem is. Objective: To study the clinical profile of poisoning in children. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among children aged 0–12 years with the history of poisoning. Detailed history, clinical examination, and details of poisoning was obtained. Data was analyzed using proportions. Results: Majority (77.8%) belonged to the age group of 1–5 years and were males (65.4%). Household chemicals were ingested in 83 cases out of 153, (54.25%) and in 147 cases (96.1%), poisonous substance was easily accessible to victim. In 144 out of 153 cases (94.1%), poisonous substance was accidentally ingested by the child itself, 131 out of 153 cases (85.6%) occurred at home, while 18 (11.8%) cases occurred in home surroundings. Of the 153 cases, 2 patients (1.3%) presented with the history of diarrhoea, 12 patients (7.8%) in altered sensorium, 6 patients (3.9%) had fever, 16 patients (10.5%) presented with cough, 37 patients (24.2%) presented with excessive secretions from mouth. 31 patients (20.3%) presented with vomiting without blood staining and 12 patients (7.8%) had blood stained vomiting as their chief complaint. Mucosal injury was noted in 41 cases (26.8%). Conclusion: Poisoning was common in males. Household chemical was most commonly ingested. Majority children had domestic poisoning and self-unintentional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta Saikia
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya (Associated to Maulana Azad Medical College) Geeta Colony, Delhi, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Lt. BRKM Government Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kole V Janardhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya (Associated to Maulana Azad Medical College) Geeta Colony, Delhi, India
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Sharma RK, Singh V, Tiwari N, Butcher R, Katiyar D. Synthesis, antimicrobial and chitinase inhibitory activities of 3-amidocoumarins. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kashte S, Sharma RK, Kadam S. Layer-by-layer decorated herbal cell compatible scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: A synergistic effect of graphene oxide and Cissus quadrangularis. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911519894667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Among various bone regenerative and repair methods, use of osteoinductive scaffold as bone grafts/substitute has gained wide importance worldwide. To develop such osteoinductive scaffold that is more natural and which spontaneously stimulates osteoblast formation without any differentiation media, we prepared electrospun poly ε-caprolactone scaffold which is further modified by means of layer-by-layer method using Cissus quadrangularis callus culture extract and graphene oxide (PCL-GO-CQ). The modified PCL-GO-CQ scaffold was compared with plain poly ε-caprolactone scaffold and poly ε-caprolactone coated only with graphene oxide. Physical properties, such as roughness, wettability, yield strength and tensile strength, of PCL-GO-CQ scaffold were found to be superior. Also, PCL-GO-CQ scaffold showed more in vitro cell compatibility with enhanced cellular proliferation on its surface. Presence of graphene oxide and Cissus quadrangularis callus in scaffold helped in the differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic lineage without any differentiation media in less than 20 days. The synergistic effect of Cissus quadrangularis callus extract and graphene oxide in PCL-GO-CQ scaffold enhanced osteoblastic differentiation, osteoconduction and osteoinduction potential of scaffolds making them highly potential in bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaji Kashte
- Department of Stem cell and Regenerative medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, India
| | - RK Sharma
- D. Y. Patil Medical College, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, India
| | - Sachin Kadam
- Department of Stem cell and Regenerative medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, India
- Advancells Group, NOIDA, India
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Jan MH, Kumar H, Kumar S, Sharma RK, Gupta A, Mehrara KL. Effect of progesterone administration during growing phase of first dominant follicle on follicular wave pattern in buffalo heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1395-1402. [PMID: 31788749 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In buffaloes, like other domestic mammals, antral follicles develop in a wave-like pattern. Factors predictive of a particular follicular wave pattern are yet to be identified. In this study, we examined the preponderance of 2- versus 3-wave patterns in 46 interovulatory intervals (IOIs) from 36 buffalo heifers, in which a subset of 10 heifers was scanned for 2 consecutive IOIs to record the repeatability of follicular wave pattern. Two-wave pattern was detected in 63.0% and 3-wave follicular pattern in 27.0% IOIs. The dominant follicles (DF) of both wave 1 as well as the ovulatory wave attained a smaller (P < 0.05) maximum diameter in 3-wave cycle as compared to 2-wave cycle. The mean duration of IOI was significantly shorter in 2-wave compared to three-wave cycles (20.5 ± 0.3 vs. 22.3 ± 0.2 days; P < 0.05). Out of 10 buffalo heifers, 7 displayed non-alternating patterns and 3 had alternating follicular wave patterns. We also tested the hypothesis that progesterone administration during early IOI results in increased preponderance of 3-wave pattern and heifers inseminated after ovulation of the third wave DF will have greater fertility. Sixteen heifers subjected to progesterone treatment from D0 (day of ovulation) in a decreasing dose until D5 were compared with control heifers (n = 10). Progesterone treatment significantly reduced the maximum diameter of DF of wave 1 (P < 0.001), whereas the mean duration of IOI remained unchanged (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Progesterone administration during early IOI significantly increased the proportion of 3-wave cycles as compared to control (P < 0.05). The hypothesis that progesterone administration during IOI results in increased preponderance of 3-wave pattern was supported. However, no change in fertility was recorded in progesterone-treated heifers (7 pregnant out of 16; 43.8%) as compared to untreated control heifers (4 out of 10 heifers; 40.0%). In summary, progesterone administration in buffalo heifers during the growing phase of wave 1 resulted in greater preponderance of 3-wave follicular patterns, with no significant effect on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Jan
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sub-Campus, Nabha, Punjab, 147201, India.
| | - H Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - S Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sub-Campus, Nabha, Punjab, 147201, India
| | - R K Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - A Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sub-Campus, Nabha, Punjab, 147201, India
| | - K L Mehrara
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sub-Campus, Nabha, Punjab, 147201, India
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Shrivastav A, Sharma RK, Shrivastava N, Gautam V, Jain SK. Study of inhibitory potential and percent inhibition of oil of Syzygium aromaticum and leaves of Ocimum sanctum on ESBL enzyme from Escherichia coli in broilers of Jabalpur. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 51:337-342. [PMID: 31831923 PMCID: PMC6892005 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_87_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The inhibitory potential and percent inhibition of Syzygium aromaticum oil and fresh juice of Ocimum sanctum leaves on beta-lactamase enzyme of cecal samples of healthy broilers were studied on samples phenotypically positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred cecal samples screened for ESBL-producing E. coli were collected from 38 poultry sale outlets located in Jabalpur. The effect of S. aromaticum oil and O. sanctum leaves was seen by colorimetric assay with CENTA and Nitrocefin as chromogenic substrate. RESULTS: Mean absorbance value was inversely propotional to the inhibitory potential. Syzigium aromaticum exhibited 0.4±0.02 and 0.41±0.03 mean absorbance value, 28 per cent and 27 per cent of inhibition with CENTA and Nitrocefin respectively. Ocimum sanctum mean absorbance value and per cent inhibition with CENTA and Nitrocefin was 2.03±0.02 and 10.0 ; 1.97±0.06 and 10.0 respectively (p>0.05) showing non- significant difference in CENTA and Nitrocefin activity. Tazobactum (100 μM) as standard control exhibited a mean absorbance value of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.01 and percent inhibition of 99.88 and 98 against CENTA and Nitrocefin, respectively. Combination of Ocimum sanctum and Syzigium aromaticum showed range of 1.69±0.05 to 1.90±0.08 1.61±0.06 to 1.92±0.08 of absorbance value with per cent inhibition of 14 to 15.9 with CENTA and Nitrocefin respectively. CONCLUSION: The results depicted that the inhibition of beta-lactamase enzyme activity with S. aromaticum oil was higher than that of O. sanctum leaf juice, and combination of both the herbs showed not much difference in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Shrivastav
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vidhi Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ravichandran S, Srivastav S, Kamble PH, Chambial S, Shukla R, Sharma P, Sharma RK. VEGF-A and cardiac autonomic function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3185-3190. [PMID: 31742140 PMCID: PMC6857358 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_537_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a key complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Ty2DM). Vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF-A) plays a key role in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications. It is shown to be elevated in diabetic neuropathy and has the potential to serve as a biomarker in Ty2DM. We evaluated VEGF-A levels and cardiac autonomic function in newly diagnosed Ty2DM patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-four newly diagnosed patients (with symptoms within 1 year from the date of recruitment) were included in the study. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) and Ewing's battery tests. Ewing's scores were computed and tabulated. VEGF-A levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The patients demonstrated normal responses to the reactivity tests. Ewing's scores were 0 (0-0) and 0 (0-0) for sympathetic and parasympathetic parameters, respectively. The autonomic tone was impaired as assessed by HRV parameters. VEGF-A levels were elevated (308.3 ± 167.2 pg/mL) when compared with the previous literature. Discussion: Impaired tone with normal reactivity was suggestive of early stage of autonomic neuropathy. Elevated VEGF-A levels may be attributed to a protective action of the factor seen in early stages of neuropathy in Ty2DM. Serial VEGF-A estimation in large cohorts of newly diagnosed diabetics may validate it as a biomarker in CAN seen in Ty2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ravichandran
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shival Srivastav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Shailja Chambial
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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50
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Kaul A, Kumar S, Bhaduaria D, Agrawal V, Sharma RK, Prasad N, Gupta A, Kumar R. Outcome of renal transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus and BK polyomavirus co-infection nephropathy. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2019; 29:101-106. [PMID: 29456214 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.225198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK polyomavirus (BKV) can result in virus-associated tubulointerstitial nephritis in renal allografts. All those renal biopsies reported as viral cytopathic were isolated and examined by two independent renal histopathologists from our institute and classified as CMV, BKV, and CMV-BKV coinfection-associated viral cytopathic changes with confirmation through polymerase chain reaction technology in either serum or urine or both. All twenty patients were categorized as 10 in CMV, four in BKV, and six were in CMV-BKV coinfection. One patient each had received antithymocyte globulin and basiliximab as induction all patients received triple-drug immunosuppression. The mean graft survival was 69, 61, and 59 months in CMV, BKV, and CMV-BKV coinfection group, respectively. At the end of the study period, 10 (50%) patients died. 1-, 3-and 5-year patient survival was 94%, 88% and 76% among CMV group, 75%, 75% and 50% in BKV group, and 96%, 83% and 62%, in CMV-BKV coinfection group (P = 0.157). CMV and BK virus are not so common infections in postrenal transplant patients yet an important cause of graft dysfunction. Coinfection did not pose an increased risk for acute rejection or patients and death-censored and uncensored graft survival among compared groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Kaul
- Department of Nephrology and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Department of Nephrology and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Bhaduaria
- Department of Nephrology and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinita Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishi Kumar
- Department of Nephrology and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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