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Jani BD, Simpson R, Lawrence M, Simpson S, Mercer SW. Acceptability of mindfulness from the perspective of stroke survivors and caregivers: a qualitative study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:57. [PMID: 29497560 PMCID: PMC5827989 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is very common among stroke survivors with estimated prevalence rates of approximately 33% among stroke survivors, but treatment options are limited. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an effective treatment for depression generally, but benefits in stroke patients are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of delivering MBSR to stroke survivors and their caregivers in the community. We conducted a study to gain views of MBSR as a potential treatment option among stroke survivors and their caregivers in the community. Methods Participants were recruited from an urban community in Scotland (UK) using newspaper adverts, social media and support groups run by health charities. A 2-h MBSR taster session was delivered by two experienced mindfulness instructors, followed by focus group sessions with all participants on their user experience and suggestions for MBSR modifications for stroke survivors. The focus group sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcript data were analysed thematically using the framework approach. Results The study sample consisted of 28 participants (16 females); there were 21 stroke survivors (11 females) and 7 caregivers (5 females). The median age for participants was 60 years.Most participants described the MBSR taster session as a positive experience. The main challenge reported was trying to maintain focus and concentration throughout the MBSR session. Some participants expressed reservations about the duration of standard mindfulness course sessions, suggesting a preference for shorter sessions. The potential for achieving better control over negative thoughts and emotions was viewed as a potential facilitator for future MBSR participation. Participants suggested having an orientation session prior to starting an 8-week course as a means of developing familiarity with the MBSR instructor and other participants. Conclusion It was feasible to recruit 21 stroke survivors and 7 caregivers for MBSR taster sessions in the community. A shorter MBSR session and an orientation session prior to the full course are suggestions for potential MBSR modifications for stroke survivors, which needs further research and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhautesh Dinesh Jani
- 1General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Robert Simpson
- 1General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Maggie Lawrence
- 2School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - Sharon Simpson
- 1General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- 1General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
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Abstract
Youth offending is a problem worldwide. Young people in the criminal justice system have frequently experienced adverse childhood circumstances, mental health problems, difficulties regulating emotions and poor quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions can help people manage problems resulting from these experiences, but their usefulness for youth offending populations is not clear. This review evaluated existing evidence for mindfulness-based interventions among such populations. To be included, each study used an intervention with at least one of the three core components of mindfulness-based stress reduction (breath awareness, body awareness, mindful movement) that was delivered to young people in prison or community rehabilitation programs. No restrictions were placed on methods used. Thirteen studies were included: three randomized controlled trials, one controlled trial, three pre-post study designs, three mixed-methods approaches and three qualitative studies. Pooled numbers (n = 842) comprised 99% males aged between 14 and 23. Interventions varied so it was not possible to identify an optimal approach in terms of content, dose or intensity. Studies found some improvement in various measures of mental health, self-regulation, problematic behaviour, substance use, quality of life and criminal propensity. In those studies measuring mindfulness, changes did not reach statistical significance. Qualitative studies reported participants feeling less stressed, better able to concentrate, manage emotions and behaviour, improved social skills and that the interventions were acceptable. Generally low study quality limits the generalizability of these findings. Greater clarity on intervention components and robust mixed-methods evaluation would improve clarity of reporting and better guide future youth offending prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Stewart Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Robert Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Maggie Lawrence
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0BA UK
| | - Sally Wyke
- College of Social Science, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
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Kanapathy M, Simpson R, Madden L, Thrasivoulou C, Mosahebi A, Becker DL, Richards T. Upregulation of epidermal gap junctional proteins in patients with venous disease. Br J Surg 2017; 105:59-67. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Leg ulceration is a feared complication of venous insufficiency. It is not known whether varicose veins predispose skin to poor wound healing. The expression pattern of gap junctional protein connexin, a known marker of poor wound healing, was investigated across various stages of venous disease.
Methods
Patients undergoing intervention for varicose veins were assessed according to the Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification of varicose veins. Paired 4-mm punch biopsies were taken from above the ankle (pathological) and above the knee (control). Tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and for connexin 43, connexin 30 and connexin 26.
Results
Forty-eight paired biopsies were taken (12 each for CEAP class C0, C2, C4 and C6). The pathological skin showed progressive epithelial hyperthickening, an increase in the number and depth of rete ridges, increased inflammation and loss of dermal architecture with disease progression from C4 onwards. The overall absolute connexin expression and mean connexin expression per cell in the pathological skin similarly increased across the CEAP classes from as early as C2. Increasing levels of connexin in control skin were also noted, indicating progression of the disease proximally. Connexin 43 expression showed the strongest positive correlation between pathological and control skin.
Conclusion
Connexins were overexpressed in patients with simple varicose veins, with a stepwise increased expression through venous eczema to ulceration. Connexin 43 is a potential biomarker for venous disease. This finding suggests that varicose veins predispose skin to poor wound healing. Surgical relevanceThe overexpression of connexins, a family of gap junctional proteins, is known to cause poor healing in venous leg ulceration. It is not known whether there is any association with superficial venous disease. Here, connexin proteins were overexpressed in patients with uncomplicated varicose veins, before histological skin changes. Connexin could be a biomarker of venous disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kanapathy
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - R Simpson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Madden
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - C Thrasivoulou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Mosahebi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - D L Becker
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*Star, Immunos, Biomedical Grove, Singapore
| | - T Richards
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Galaz P, Valdenegro M, Ramírez C, Nuñez H, Almonacid S, Simpson R. Effect of drum drying temperature on drying kinetic and polyphenol contents in pomegranate peel. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simpson R, Mair FS, Mercer SW. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with multiple sclerosis - a feasibility randomised controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:94. [PMID: 28511703 PMCID: PMC5434553 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a stressful condition. Mental health comorbidity is common. Stress can increase the risk of depression, reduce quality of life (QOL), and possibly exacerbate disease activity in MS. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) may help, but has been little studied in MS, particularly among more disabled individuals. Methods The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and likely effectiveness of a standard MBSR course for people with MS. Participant eligibility included: age > 18, any type of MS, an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) </= 7.0. Participants received either MBSR or wait-list control. Outcome measures were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and three-months later. Primary outcomes were perceived stress and QOL. Secondary outcomes were common MS symptoms, mindfulness, and self-compassion. Results Fifty participants were recruited and randomised (25 per group). Trial retention and outcome measure completion rates were 90% at post-intervention, and 88% at 3 months. Sixty percent of participants completed the course. Immediately post-MBSR, perceived stress improved with a large effect size (ES 0.93; p < 0.01), compared to very small beneficial effects on QOL (ES 0.17; p = 0.48). Depression (ES 1.35; p < 0.05), positive affect (ES 0.87; p = 0.13), anxiety (ES 0.85; p = 0.05), and self-compassion (ES 0.80; p < 0.01) also improved with large effect sizes. At three-months post-MBSR (study endpoint) improvements in perceived stress were diminished to a small effect size (ES 0.26; p = 0.39), were negligible for QOL (ES 0.08; p = 0.71), but were large for mindfulness (ES 1.13; p < 0.001), positive affect (ES 0.90; p = 0.54), self-compassion (ES 0.83; p < 0.05), anxiety (ES 0.82; p = 0.15), and prospective memory (ES 0.81; p < 0.05). Conclusions Recruitment, retention, and data collection demonstrate that a RCT of MBSR is feasible for people with MS. Trends towards improved outcomes suggest that a larger definitive RCT may be warranted. However, optimisation changes may be required to render more stable the beneficial treatment effects on stress and depression. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02136485; trial registered 1st May 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-017-0880-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, House 1, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 9LX, UK.
| | - Frances S Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, House 1, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 9LX, UK
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, House 1, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 9LX, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) is increasingly being used to improve outcomes such as stress and depression in a range of long-term conditions (LTCs). While systematic reviews on MBSR have taken place for a number of conditions there remains limited information on its impact on individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Medline, Central, Embase, Amed, CINAHAL were searched in March 2016. These databases were searched using a combination of MeSH subject headings where available and keywords in the title and abstracts. We also searched the reference lists of related reviews. Study quality was assessed based on questions from the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. RESULTS Two interventions and three papers with a total of 66 participants were included. The interventions were undertaken in Belgium (n = 27) and the USA (n = 39). One study reported significantly increased grey matter density (GMD) in the brains of the MBSR group compared to the usual care group. Significant improvements were reported in one study for a number of outcomes including PD outcomes, depression, mindfulness, and quality of life indicators. Only one intervention was of reasonable quality and both interventions failed to control for potential confounders in the analysis. Adverse events and reasons for drop-outs were not reported. There was also no reporting on the costs/benefits of the intervention or how they affected health service utilisation. CONCLUSION This systematic review found limited and inconclusive evidence of the effectiveness of MBSR for PD patients. Both of the included interventions claimed positive effects for PD patients but significant outcomes were often contradicted by other results. Further trials with larger sample sizes, control groups and longer follow-ups are needed before the evidence for MBSR in PD can be conclusively judged.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. McLean
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, I Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - M. Lawrence
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - R. Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, I Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - S. W. Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, I Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
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Ramírez C, Astorga V, Nuñez H, Jaques A, Simpson R. Anomalous diffusion based on fractional calculus approach applied to drying analysis of apple slices: The effects of relative humidity and temperature. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, P.O. Box 110-V; Valparaíso Chile
| | - V. Astorga
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, P.O. Box 110-V; Valparaíso Chile
| | - H. Nuñez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, P.O. Box 110-V; Valparaíso Chile
| | - A. Jaques
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, P.O. Box 110-V; Valparaíso Chile
| | - R. Simpson
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, P.O. Box 110-V; Valparaíso Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos y Salud (CREAS) Conicyt-Regional R06I1004, Blanco 1623 Room 1402; Valparaíso Chile
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly used to help patients cope with physical and mental long-term conditions (LTCs). Epilepsy is associated with a range of mental and physical comorbidities that have a detrimental effect on quality of life (QOL), but it is not clear whether MBIs can help. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine the effectiveness of MBIs in people with epilepsy. METHODS Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database, and PsychInfo were searched in March 2016. These databases were searched using a combination of subject headings where available and keywords in the title and abstracts. We also searched the reference lists of related reviews. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. RESULTS Three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 231 participants were included. The interventions were tested in the USA (n = 171) and China (Hong Kong) (n = 60). Significant improvements were reported in depression symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression knowledge and skills. Two of the included studies were assessed as being at unclear/high risk of bias - with randomisation and allocation procedures, as well as adverse events and reasons for drop-outs poorly reported. There was no reporting on intervention costs/benefits or how they affected health service utilisation. CONCLUSION This systematic review found limited evidence for the effectiveness of MBIs in epilepsy, however preliminary evidence suggests it may lead to some improvement in anxiety, depression and quality of life. Further trials with larger sample sizes, active control groups and longer follow-ups are needed before the evidence for MBIs in epilepsy can be conclusively determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wood
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, G12 9LX Scotland UK
| | - Maggie Lawrence
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland, UK
| | - Bhautesh Jani
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, G12 9LX Scotland UK
| | - Robert Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, G12 9LX Scotland UK
| | - Stewart W. Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, G12 9LX Scotland UK
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Machin G, Whittam A, Ainarkar S, Allen J, Bevans J, Edmonds M, Kluwe B, Macdonald A, Petrova N, Plassmann P, Ring F, Rogers L, Simpson R. A medical thermal imaging device for the prevention of diabetic foot ulceration. Physiol Meas 2017; 38:420-430. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa56b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Towey C, Easton C, Simpson R, Pedlar C. Conventional and novel body temperature measurement during rest and exercise induced hyperthermia. J Therm Biol 2017; 63:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cornejo I, Cornejo G, Ramírez C, Almonacid S, Simpson R. Inverse method for the simultaneous estimation of the thermophysical properties of foods at freezing temperatures. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Simpson R, Cutler TE, Danly CR, Espy MA, Goglio JH, Hunter JF, Madden AC, Mayo DR, Merrill FE, Nelson RO, Swift AL, Wilde CH, Zocco TG. Comparison of polystyrene scintillator fiber array and monolithic polystyrene for neutron imaging and radiography. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D830. [PMID: 27910305 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The neutron imaging diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility has been operating since 2011 generating neutron images of deuterium-tritium (DT) implosions at peak compression. The current design features a scintillating fiber array, which allows for high imaging resolution to discern small-scale structure within the implosion. In recent years, it has become clear that additional neutron imaging systems need to be constructed in order to provide 3D reconstructions of the DT source and these additional views need to be on a shorter line of sight. As a result, there has been increased effort to identify new image collection techniques that improve upon imaging resolution for these next generation neutron imaging systems, such as monolithic deuterated scintillators. This work details measurements performed at the Weapons Neutron Research Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory that compares the radiographic abilities of the fiber scintillator with a monolithic scintillator, which may be featured in a future short line of sight neutron imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simpson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T E Cutler
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C R Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M A Espy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J H Goglio
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J F Hunter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A C Madden
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D R Mayo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R O Nelson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Swift
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T G Zocco
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Hahn E, Velazquez-Martin J, Somani S, Payne D, Waldron J, Krema H, Simpson R, Laperriere N, Chung C. Hypofractionated Palliative Radiation Therapy for Choroidal Metastases: Clinical Outcomes and Predictors of Overall Survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In this article, we examine the construct of ‘leadership’ through an analysis of the social practices that underpinned the Australian Broadcasting Corporation television production entitled The Code. Positioning the production within the neo-bureaucratic organisational form currently adopted by the global television industry, we explore new conceptualisations of the leadership phenomenon emerging within this industry in response to the increasingly complex, uncertain and interdependent nature of creative work within it. We show how the polyarchic governance regime characteristic of the neo-bureaucratic organisational form ensures broadcaster control and coordination through ‘hard power’ mechanisms embedded in the commissioning process and through ‘soft power’ relational practices that allow creative licence to those employed in the production. Furthermore, we show how both sets of practices (commissioning and creative practices) leverage and regenerate the relational resources – such as trust, commitment and resilience – gained from rich stakeholder experience of working together in the creative industries over a significant period of time. Referencing the leadership-as-practice perspective, we highlight the contingent and improvisational nature of these practices and metaphorically describe the leadership manifesting in this production as a form of ‘interstitial glue’ that binds and shapes stakeholder interests and collective agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Dovey
- University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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65
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Duarte Y, Chaux A, Lopez N, Largo E, Ramírez C, Nuñez H, Simpson R, Vega O. Effects of Blanching and Hot Air Drying Conditions on the Physicochemical and Technological Properties of Yellow Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis
Var. Flavicarpa) by-Products. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Duarte
- BIOALI, Research Group, Department of Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
| | - A. Chaux
- BIOALI, Research Group, Department of Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
| | - N. Lopez
- BIOALI, Research Group, Department of Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
| | - E. Largo
- BIOALI, Research Group, Department of Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
| | - C. Ramírez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; PO Box 110-V Valparaíso Chile
| | - H. Nuñez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; PO Box 110-V Valparaíso Chile
| | - R. Simpson
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; PO Box 110-V Valparaíso Chile
- Conicyt Regional Gore Valparaíso; Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos y Salud (CREAS); R06I1004 Valparaíso Chile
| | - O. Vega
- BIOALI, Research Group, Department of Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
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66
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Simpson R, Danly C, Glebov VY, Hurlbut C, Merrill FE, Volegov PL, Wilde C. Solid polystyrene and deuterated polystyrene light output response to fast neutrons. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:043513. [PMID: 27131680 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Neutron Imaging System has proven to be an important diagnostic in studying DT implosion characteristics at the National Ignition Facility. The current system depends on a polystyrene scintillating fiber array, which detects fusion neutrons born in the DT hotspot as well as neutrons that have scattered to lower energies in the surrounding cold fuel. Increasing neutron yields at NIF, as well as a desire to resolve three-dimensional information about the fuel assembly, have provided the impetus to build and install two additional next-generation neutron imaging systems. We are currently investigating a novel neutron imaging system that will utilize a deuterated polystyrene (CD) fiber array instead of standard hydrogen-based polystyrene (CH). Studies of deuterated xylene or deuterated benzene liquid scintillator show an improvement in imaging resolution by a factor of two [L. Disdier et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2134 (2004)], but also a reduction in light output [V. Bildstein et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 729, 188 (2013); M. I. Ojaruega, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 2009; M. T. Febbraro, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 2014] as compared to standard plastic. Tests of the relative light output of deuterated polystyrene and standard polystyrene were completed using 14 MeV fusion neutrons generated through implosions of deuterium-tritium filled capsules at the OMEGA laser facility. In addition, we collected data of the relative response of these two scintillators to a wide energy range of neutrons (1-800 MeV) at the Weapons Neutrons Research Facility. Results of these measurements are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simpson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Hurlbut
- Eljen Technology, Sweetwater, Texas 79556, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Ko JJ, Siever JE, Hao D, Simpson R, Lau HY. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of head and neck: clinical predictors of outcome from a Canadian centre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:26-33. [PMID: 26966401 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenoid cystic carcinoma (acc) is often treated with surgery, with or without adjuvant radiation therapy (rt). We evaluated disease characteristics, treatments, and potentially prognostic variables in patients with acc. METHODS Our retrospective analysis considered consecutive cases of acc presenting at a tertiary care hospital between 2000 and 2014. Factors predictive of overall survival (os) and disease-free survival (dfs) were identified by univariate analysis. RESULTS The 60 patients analyzed had a mean age of 58 years (range: 22-88 years), with a 2:1 female:male ratio. Tumour locations included the major salivary glands (40% parotid, 17% submandibular and sublingual), the oro-nasopharyngeal cavity (27%), and other locations (16%). Of the 60 patients, 35 (58%) received surgery with adjuvant rt; 12 (20%), rt only; 13 (22%), surgery only. Of 18 patients (30%) who experienced a recurrence within 5 years, 3 (5%) developed local recurrence only, and the remaining 15 (25%), distant metastasis. The 5-year os and dfs were 64.5% [95% confidence interval (ci): 45.9% to 78.1%] and 46.2% (95% ci: 29.7% to 61.2%) respectively. In patients without recurrence, 5-year os was 77% (95% ci: 52.8% to 89.9%), and in patients with recurrence, it was 42.7% (95% ci: 15.8% to 67.6%). Patients treated with rt only had a 5-year os of 9.2%. Predictors of 5-year dfs were TNM stage, T stage, nodal status, treatment received, and margin status; age, nodal status, treatment received, and margin status predicted 5-year os. CONCLUSIONS Despite surgery and rt, one third of patients with acc experience distant recurrence. Patients whose tumours are not amenable to surgery have a poor prognosis, indicating a need for alternative approaches to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ko
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - J E Siever
- Department of Biostatistics, Public Health Innovation and Decision Support Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, AB
| | - D Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - R Simpson
- Department of Pathology, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - H Y Lau
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
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Moreno J, Espinoza C, Simpson R, Petzold G, Nuñez H, Gianelli M. Application of ohmic heating/vacuum impregnation treatments and air drying to develop an apple snack enriched in folic acid. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Seki JT, Sakurai N, Moldenhauer S, Dam J, Atenafu EG, Yip PM, Mazzulli T, Henderson T, Pendergrast J, Cserti C, Velazquez JP, Simpson R, Felluga G, Messner HA, Lipton JH. Human albumin eye drops as a therapeutic option for the management of keratoconjunctivitis sicca secondary to chronic graft-versus-host disease after stem-cell allografting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:e357-63. [PMID: 26628876 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratoconjunctivitis sicca from chronic graft-versus-host disease (cgvhd) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is common, leading to severe corneal damage and blindness if not treated. We retrospectively examined the efficacy and safety of pooled human albumin eye drops (haeds) for symptom relief in 40 stem-cell transplantation patients after other alternatives had failed. METHODS The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) and the cgvhd grading scale were used to compare response in the patients during January 2000 and July 2013. In addition, on days 1 and 30, the haeds were subjected to quality assurance testing for sterility, oncotic pressure, albumin measurement, viscosity, pH, and purity by protein electrophoresis. RESULTS Use of haeds resulted in symptom relief for 37 patients (92.5%); 3 patients (7.5%) failed to improve with use of haeds (p ≤ 0.0001). Of the 37 patients having symptom relief, 7 (19%) improved from grade 3 to no dry eye symptoms. Proportionately, post-treatment symptom improvement by two grade levels, from 3 to 1 (70%), was significantly higher than improvement by one grade level, from 3 to 2 (11%) or from 2 to 1 (19%, p ≤ 0.0001). Time to symptom relief ranged from 2 weeks to 28 weeks. Of the 40 patients, 38 (95%) had no adverse reactions. Days 1 and 30 quality assurance testing results were equivalent. CONCLUSIONS Complications of keratoconjunctivitis sicca were well managed and well tolerated with haeds when other remedies failed. Quality assurance testing confirmed that haeds were safe and stable in extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Seki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON; ; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; ; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, IA, U.S.A
| | - N Sakurai
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - S Moldenhauer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON; ; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, IA, U.S.A
| | - J Dam
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - E G Atenafu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - P M Yip
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - T Mazzulli
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; ; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | | | | | - C Cserti
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | | | - R Simpson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - G Felluga
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - H A Messner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - J H Lipton
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
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Simpson R, Christensen K, Danly C, Fatherley VE, Fittinghoff D, Grim GP, Izumi N, Jedlovec D, Merrill FE, Skulina K, Volegov P, Wilde C. Demonstration of a time-integrated short line of sight neutron imaging system for inertial confinement fusion. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:125112. [PMID: 26724078 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Neutron Imaging System (NIS) is an important diagnostic for understanding implosions of deuterium-tritium capsules at the National Ignition Facility. While the detectors for the existing system must be positioned 28 m from the source to produce sufficient imaging magnification and resolution, recent testing of a new short line of sight neutron imaging system has shown sufficient resolution to allow reconstruction of the source image with quality similar to that of the existing NIS on a 11.6 m line of sight. The new system used the existing pinhole aperture array and a stack of detectors composed of 2 mm thick high-density polyethylene converter material followed by an image plate. In these detectors, neutrons enter the converter material and interact with protons, which recoil and deposit energy within the thin active layer of the image plate through ionization losses. The described system produces time-integrated images for all neutron energies passing through the pinhole. We present details of the measurement scheme for this novel technique to produce energy-integrated neutron images as well as source reconstruction results from recent experiments at NIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simpson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V E Fatherley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G P Grim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Jedlovec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Skulina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Simpson R, Ramírez C, Birchmeier V, Almonacid A, Moreno J, Nuñez H, Jaques A. Diffusion mechanisms during the osmotic dehydration of Granny Smith apples subjected to a moderate electric field. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Simpson R, Quale J, Stylianides N, Carlson G, Soop M. MON-PP275: Fluid Therapy in Current Surgical Daily Practice: An Analysis of the Magnitude and Causes of Perioperative Fluid Excess. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Babourina-Brooks B, Simpson R, Arvanitis TN, Machin G, Peet AC, Davies NP. MRS thermometry calibration at 3 T: effects of protein, ionic concentration and magnetic field strength. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:792-800. [PMID: 25943246 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MRS thermometry has been utilized to measure temperature changes in the brain, which may aid in the diagnosis of brain trauma and tumours. However, the temperature calibration of the technique has been shown to be sensitive to non-temperature-based factors, which may provide unique information on the tissue microenvironment if the mechanisms can be further understood. The focus of this study was to investigate the effects of varied protein content on the calibration of MRS thermometry at 3 T, which has not been thoroughly explored in the literature. The effects of ionic concentration and magnetic field strength were also considered. Temperature reference materials were controlled by water circulation and freezing organic fixed-point compounds (diphenyl ether and ethylene carbonate) stable to within 0.2 °C. The temperature was measured throughout the scan time with a fluoro-optic probe, with an uncertainty of 0.16 °C. The probe was calibrated at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) with traceability to the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90). MRS thermometry measures were based on single-voxel spectroscopy chemical shift differences between water and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Δ(H20-NAA), using a Philips Achieva 3 T scanner. Six different phantom solutions with varying protein or ionic concentration, simulating potential tissue differences, were investigated within a temperature range of 21-42 °C. Results were compared with a similar study performed at 1.5 T to observe the effect of field strengths. Temperature calibration curves were plotted to convert Δ(H20-NAA) to apparent temperature. The apparent temperature changed by -0.2 °C/% of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a trend of 0.5 °C/50 mM ionic concentration was observed. Differences in the calibration coefficients for the 10% BSA solution were seen in this study at 3 T compared with a study at 1.5 T. MRS thermometry may be utilized to measure temperature and the tissue microenvironment, which could provide unique unexplored information for brain abnormalities and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Babourina-Brooks
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Robert Simpson
- Temperature Group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Graham Machin
- Temperature Group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nigel P Davies
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Imaging and Medical Physics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Swanson A, Kosmala M, Lintott C, Simpson R, Smith A, Packer C. Snapshot Serengeti, high-frequency annotated camera trap images of 40 mammalian species in an African savanna. Sci Data 2015; 2:150026. [PMID: 26097743 PMCID: PMC4460915 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Camera traps can be used to address large-scale questions in community ecology by providing systematic data on an array of wide-ranging species. We deployed 225 camera traps across 1,125 km2 in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, to evaluate spatial and temporal inter-species dynamics. The cameras have operated continuously since 2010 and had accumulated 99,241 camera-trap days and produced 1.2 million sets of pictures by 2013. Members of the general public classified the images via the citizen-science website www.snapshotserengeti.org. Multiple users viewed each image and recorded the species, number of individuals, associated behaviours, and presence of young. Over 28,000 registered users contributed 10.8 million classifications. We applied a simple algorithm to aggregate these individual classifications into a final ‘consensus’ dataset, yielding a final classification for each image and a measure of agreement among individual answers. The consensus classifications and raw imagery provide an unparalleled opportunity to investigate multi-species dynamics in an intact ecosystem and a valuable resource for machine-learning and computer-vision research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Swanson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA ; Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Margaret Kosmala
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Chris Lintott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Robert Simpson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Arfon Smith
- Adler Planetarium, Department of Citizen Science , Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Craig Packer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Simpson R, Ghebremedhin A, Gordon I, Patyal B. SU-E-T-134: Assessing the Capabilities of An MU Model for Fields as Small as 2cm in a Passively Scattered Proton Beam. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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76
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Simpson R. David Mark Chaput de Saintonge. Assoc Med J 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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77
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Simpson R, Mair F, Mercer S. Mindfulness-based interventions for people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2015; 21:1093-4. [PMID: 25921039 DOI: 10.1177/1352458515579702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simpson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Frances Mair
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Stewart Mercer
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
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Ashmore D, Gittus M, Simpson R, Page C, Robinson R. Metal on metal (mom) hip arthroplasty: Radiological evaluation of the failing prosthesis. Int J Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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80
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Schmitt JR, Agol E, Deck KM, Rogers LA, Gazak JZ, Fischer DA, Wang J, Holman MJ, Jek KJ, Margossian C, Omohundro MR, Winarski T, Brewer JM, Giguere MJ, Lintott C, Lynn S, Parrish M, Schawinski K, Schwamb ME, Simpson R, Smith AM. PLANET HUNTERS. VII. DISCOVERY OF A NEW LOW-MASS, LOW-DENSITY PLANET (PH3 C) ORBITING KEPLER-289 WITH MASS MEASUREMENTS OF TWO ADDITIONAL PLANETS (PH3 B AND D). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/795/2/167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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81
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Simpson R, Keegan J, Gatehouse P, Hansen M, Firmin D. Spiral tissue phase velocity mapping in a breath-hold with non-cartesian SENSE. Magn Reson Med 2014; 72:659-68. [PMID: 24123135 PMCID: PMC3979503 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue phase velocity mapping (TPVM) is capable of reproducibly measuring regional myocardial velocities. However acquisition durations of navigator gated techniques are long and unpredictable while current breath-hold techniques have low temporal resolution. This study presents a spiral TPVM technique which acquires high resolution data within a clinically acceptable breath-hold duration. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers are scanned using a spiral sequence with temporal resolution of 24 ms and spatial resolution of 1.7 × 1.7 mm. Retrospective cardiac gating is used to acquire data over the entire cardiac cycle. The acquisition is accelerated by factors of 2 and 3 by use of non-Cartesian SENSE implemented on the Gadgetron GPU system resulting in breath-holds of 17 and 13 heartbeats, respectively. Systolic, early diastolic, and atrial systolic global and regional longitudinal, circumferential, and radial velocities are determined. RESULTS Global and regional velocities agree well with those previously reported. The two acceleration factors show no significant differences for any quantitative parameter and the results also closely match previously acquired higher spatial resolution navigator-gated data in the same subjects. CONCLUSION By using spiral trajectories and non-Cartesian SENSE high resolution, TPVM data can be acquired within a clinically acceptable breath-hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Simpson
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
- Imperial College, London
| | - J. Keegan
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
- Imperial College, London
| | - P. Gatehouse
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
| | - M. Hansen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - D. Firmin
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK
- Imperial College, London
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Simpson R, Ghebremedhin A, Gordon I, Patyal B, Piskulich F, LeMaster B. SU-E-T-246: MU Model Implementation for a Passively Scattered Proton Beam: Inclusion of the Bolus Gap and Nozzle Extension Factors. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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83
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Simpson R, Gordon I, Ghebremedhin A, Wroe A, Schulte R, Bush D, Slater J, Patyal B. SU-E-T-72: Commissioning of a Standardized SRS Cone Set: Determination of the Bolus Gap Factors in a Passively Scattered Proton Beam. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the extent to which comprehensive navigation augments the provincial health system for meeting the needs of newly-diagnosed cancer patients (clients). We also assessed reactions of attending physicians to comprehensive navigation. METHODS Clients who completed navigation as an employee benefit or through membership in an insurance organization were polled to determine whether they needed help beyond that provided by the provincial health system and the extent to which that help was provided by navigation. Exit interviews were analyzed for perceptions of the clients about reactions by their attending physicians to navigation. RESULTS Of eligible clients, 72% responded. They reported needing help beyond that which the provincial system could provide in 64%-98% of specified areas. Navigation provided help in more than 90% of those cases. Almost all respondents (98%) appreciated having a designated oncology nurse navigator. Family doctors were perceived to be positive or neutral about navigation in 100% of exit interviews. Oncologists were positive or neutral in 92% (p < 0.001 for difference from family doctors). CONCLUSIONS In many areas, cancer patients need additional help beyond that which the provincial health system can provide. Comprehensive cancer navigation provides that help to a considerable extent. Clients perceived the reactions of attending physicians to comprehensive navigation to be generally supportive or neutral.
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Shamir L, Yerby C, Simpson R, von Benda-Beckmann AM, Tyack P, Samarra F, Miller P, Wallin J. Classification of large acoustic datasets using machine learning and crowdsourcing: application to whale calls. J Acoust Soc Am 2014; 135:953-962. [PMID: 25234903 DOI: 10.1121/1.4861348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vocal communication is a primary communication method of killer and pilot whales, and is used for transmitting a broad range of messages and information for short and long distance. The large variation in call types of these species makes it challenging to categorize them. In this study, sounds recorded by audio sensors carried by ten killer whales and eight pilot whales close to the coasts of Norway, Iceland, and the Bahamas were analyzed using computer methods and citizen scientists as part of the Whale FM project. Results show that the computer analysis automatically separated the killer whales into Icelandic and Norwegian whales, and the pilot whales were separated into Norwegian long-finned and Bahamas short-finned pilot whales, showing that at least some whales from these two locations have different acoustic repertoires that can be sensed by the computer analysis. The citizen science analysis was also able to separate the whales to locations by their sounds, but the separation was somewhat less accurate compared to the computer method.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustics
- Animals
- Artificial Intelligence
- Crowdsourcing
- Data Mining/methods
- Databases, Factual/classification
- Ecosystem
- Motion
- Pattern Recognition, Automated
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Sound
- Sound Spectrography
- Species Specificity
- Time Factors
- Vocalization, Animal
- Whale, Killer/classification
- Whale, Killer/physiology
- Whale, Killer/psychology
- Whales, Pilot/classification
- Whales, Pilot/physiology
- Whales, Pilot/psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Shamir
- Lawrence Technological University, 21000 Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075
| | - Carol Yerby
- Lawrence Technological University, 21000 Ten Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075
| | - Robert Simpson
- University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M von Benda-Beckmann
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, P.O. Box 96864, The Hague, Zuid Holland, 2509 JG, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Tyack
- University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Samarra
- University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Miller
- University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John Wallin
- Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37130
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Simpson R, Booth J, Lawrence M, Byrne S, Mair F, Mercer S. Mindfulness based interventions in multiple sclerosis--a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:15. [PMID: 24438384 PMCID: PMC3900731 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a stressful condition; depression, anxiety, pain and fatigue are all common problems. Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) mitigate stress and prevent relapse in depression and are increasingly being used in healthcare. However, there are currently no systematic reviews of MBIs in people with MS. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MBIs in people with MS. METHODS Systematic searches were carried out in seven major databases, using both subject headings and key words. Papers were screened, data extracted, quality appraised, and analysed by two reviewers independently, using predefined criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Perceived stress was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include mental health, physical health, quality of life, and health service utilisation. Statistical meta-analysis was not possible. Disagreements were adjudicated by a third party reviewer. RESULTS Three studies (n = 183 participants) were included in the final analysis. The studies were undertaken in Wales (n = 16, randomised controlled trial - (RCT)), Switzerland (n = 150, RCT), and the United States (n = 17, controlled trial). 146 (80%) participants were female; mean age (SD) was 48.6 (9.4) years. Relapsing remitting MS was the main diagnostic category (n = 123, 67%); 43 (26%) had secondary progressive disease; and the remainder were unspecified. MBIs lasted 6-8 weeks; attrition rates were variable (5-43%); all employed pre- post- measures; two had longer follow up; one at 3, and one at 6 months. Socio-economic status of participants was not made explicit; health service utilisation and costs were not reported. No study reported on perceived stress. All studies reported quality of life (QOL), mental health (anxiety and depression), physical (fatigue, standing balance, pain), and psychosocial measures. Statistically significant beneficial effects relating to QOL, mental health, and selected physical health measures were sustained at 3- and 6- month follow up. CONCLUSION From the limited data available, MBIs may benefit some MS patients in terms of QOL, mental health, and some physical health measures. Further studies are needed to clarify how MBIs might best serve the MS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, Scotland, UK
| | - Jo Booth
- Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Maggie Lawrence
- Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sharon Byrne
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, Scotland, UK
| | - Frances Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, Scotland, UK
| | - Stewart Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, Scotland, UK
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Chimupala Y, Hyett G, Simpson R, Mitchell R, Douthwaite R, Milne SJ, Brydson RD. Synthesis and characterization of mixed phase anatase TiO2 and sodium-doped TiO2(B) thin films by low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed phase anatase TiO2 and TiO2(B) thin films were synthesized using Low Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition (LPCVD) onto glass substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yothin Chimupala
- Institute of Materials Research
- SPEME
- University of Leeds
- Leeds, UK
| | - Geoffrey Hyett
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton, UK
| | - Robert Simpson
- Institute of Materials Research
- SPEME
- University of Leeds
- Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Steven J. Milne
- Institute of Materials Research
- SPEME
- University of Leeds
- Leeds, UK
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88
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Aguirre M, Greenberg N, Sharpley J, Simpson R, Wall C. A pilot study of an enhanced mental health assessment during routine and discharge medicals in the British Armed Forces. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 160:27-31. [PMID: 24109091 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A pilot study to assess the practicality of introducing an enhanced mental health assessment (EMHA) into all routine and discharge medicals of the UK Armed Forces in order to facilitate treatment prior to and on return to civilian life. METHODS A pilot study was conducted using an EMHA questionnaire with questions about depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, sleep and anger/irritability. At pilot sites, the EMHA was completed during all routine and discharge medicals between May 2011 and July 2011. At the end of the study period, qualitative data were collected from participating medical officers and practice managers regarding their opinions about the pilot study. RESULTS The quantitative data revealed an average pick-up rate for mental health (MH) problems. Out of the four military medical centres who participated and the 325 questionnaires collected, one referral to a Department of Community Mental Health was made. 26 (8%) patients were categorised as 'some concern and patient offered advice and/or reassurance'. The vast majority of patients were found to have no evidence of MH problems. However, using a validated alcohol screening tool, 64% of service personnel were found to have a score indicating 'higher risk drinking'. Analysis of the qualitative data suggests that the EMHA is an easy tool to implement with minimal additional time and resources needed. The interviewees pointed out a number of limitations and suggestions for possible further studies. CONCLUSIONS The pilot study successfully demonstrated that the EMHA questionnaire is easy to administer, does not take up a large amount of additional resources or manpower and provides a useful check of MH status. The study picked up an average number of MH cases and the questions on alcohol consumption highlighted that military personnel may be at a 'higher risk of drinking'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Aguirre
- Department of General Practice, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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Partadiredja G, Simpson R, Bedi KS. The effects of pre-weaning undernutrition on the expression levels of free radical deactivating enzymes in the mouse brain. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 8:183-93. [PMID: 16117186 DOI: 10.1080/10284150500133037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A mild degree of undernutrition brought about by restricting the amount of food in the diet is known to alter the life span of an animal. It has been hypothesised that this may be related to the effects of undernutrition on an animals anti-oxidant defense system. We have therefore, used real-time PCR (rt-PCR) techniques to determine the levels of mRNA expression for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx 1) and catalase in the brains of Quackenbush mice undernourished from conception until 21-post-natal days of age. It was found that 21- and 61-day-old undernourished mice had a deficit in the expression of Cu/ZnSOD in both the cerebellum and forebrain regions compared to age-matched controls. The expression of MnSOD was found to be greater in the cerebellum, but not the forebrain region, of 21-day-old undernourished mice. There were no significant differences in the expression of GPx 1 and catalase between control and undernourished or previously undernourished mice. Our results confirm that undernutrition during the early life of a mouse may disrupt some of the enzymes involved in the anti-oxidant defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Partadiredja
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Aguirre M, Greenberg N, Sharpley J, Simpson R, Wall C. Alcohol consumption in the UK armed forces: are we drinking too much? J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 160:72-3. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Simpson R, Hong X, Xu Q. 198 HYALURONAN IS REQUIRED FOR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL DIFFERENTIATION FROM STEM CELLS. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Henríquez M, Almonacid S, Lutz M, Simpson R, Valdenegro M. Comparison of three drying processes to obtain an apple peel food ingredient. CyTA - Journal of Food 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.703693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the cases of cold injury sustained during the most recent winter operational tour of Afghanistan, Op HERRICK 15. METHODS Retrospective review of all notified British military cases of cold injury sustained between 1 Oct 11 and 30 Mar 12 recorded by UK Medical Group Environmental Health Team. RESULTS 14 patients with 13 Non-freezing Cold Injuries (NFCI) and two hypothermic injuries were identified. Five patients were of African ethnic decent. Eight out of 13 NFCI patients had probably suffered a previous injury, injuries were sustained from December until February and 9/13 NFCI patients had periods of static duties implicated in the injury mechanism. Eight patients were able to remain in operational theatre on restricted duties whilst 6/14 were evacuated home after sustaining their injuries. CONCLUSIONS Although awareness and equipment have improved, cold injuries remain an important cause of Disease and Non Battle Injury on current operations within the British Military. Cases of cold injury are probably under reported and often stem from situations where risk would seem predicable. It is hoped this article will assist in enabling greater understanding of contemporary operational cold injuries and continuing the development of preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mitchell
- 30th Signal Regiment, Gamecock Barracks, Bramcote.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are currently over 9000 British soldiers serving in Afghanistan. The Defence Medical Services provide primary health care to soldiers at forward locations using Regimental Medical Officers (RMOs) and General Duties Medical Officers (GDMOs). If required, GDMOs can refer patients to senior colleagues. Currently, little is known about the reasons for referrals by GDMOs. This study aims to identify the main factors affecting why GDMOs refer from forward locations. METHODS Nine GDMOs, who deployed on Operation HERRICK 13, were invited to join the study. They maintained a log of their referrals for two 14 day periods, one in each half of their tour. In addition, a semi-structured interview was performed with each GDMO in order to elicit the common themes surrounding referrals. RESULTS The mean referral rate was 0.9 referrals/GDMO/week. The main reasons for referral were dental problems, musculoskeletal injuries, abdominal pain of unknown cause, and ano-genital problems. Factors that influenced referrals included availability of forwardly projected services (dentist and physiotherapist), manpower availability at the locations, the availability of flights (affected by weather, enemy action, and schedule of routine flights), and the timing of the tour in relation to leave. CONCLUSIONS Referrals from GDMOs were due to doctor inexperience in the treatment of a particular condition, lack of access to investigations and the potential for deterioration in a location without adequate support. The referral decision process was affected by the patient's importance with regards to the mission, the weather and access to safe transportation. The introduction of clinical guidelines for common conditions in conjunction with minor alterations to GDMO training could help reduce referrals from Role 1, preserving manpower, reducing costs, and minimising risk to evacuation aircraft.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Driver
- GDMO 5 Medical Regiment, Gaza Barracks, Catterick.
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Simpson R. Comments on "research indicates breed misidentification currently exists as a “disease". J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:27-28. [PMID: 23359905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Simpson R, Jaques A, Nuñez H, Ramirez C, Almonacid A. Fractional Calculus as a Mathematical Tool to Improve the Modeling of Mass Transfer Phenomena in Food Processing. Food Eng Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-012-9059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mears KP, Morgan-Jones DJ, Richardson JC, Simpson R, Wall C. General Practice in the Armed Forces: A Definition and Model. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2012; 158:156-61. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-158-03-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Davey C, Mieville KE, Simpson R, Aldington D. A Proposed Model for Improving Battlefield Analgesia Training: Post-Graduate Medical Officer Pain Management Day. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2012; 158:190-3. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-158-03-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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