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Solbakken LE, Bergvik S, Wynn R. Breaking down barriers to mental healthcare access in prison: a qualitative interview study with incarcerated males in Norway. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:292. [PMID: 38632543 PMCID: PMC11025238 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are highly prevalent in prison populations. Incarcerated persons generally come from disadvantaged backgrounds and are living under extraordinary conditions while in prison. Their healthcare needs are complex compared to the general population. Studies have found that incarcerated individuals are reluctant to seek help and that they experience challenges in accessing mental healthcare services. To some extent, seeking treatment depends on the degree of fit between potential users and health services, and actual use might be a better indication of accessibility than the fact that services are available. This study aimed to explore individual and systemic facilitators and barriers to accessing mental healthcare in a prison context. METHODS An analytical approach drawing on elements of constructivist Grounded theory was the methodological basis of this study. Fifteen male participants were recruited from three prisons in Northern Norway. Data was collected through in-depth interviews on topics such as help-seeking experiences, perceived access to services and availability of health information. RESULTS We found that distrust in the system, challenges with the referral routines, worries about negative consequences, and perceived limited access to mental healthcare were barriers to help-seeking among incarcerated individuals. How prison officers, and healthcare personnel respond to incarcerated persons reporting mental distress could also be critical for their future willingness to seek help. Providing information about mental health and available services, initiating outreaching mental health services, and integrating mental health interventions into treatment programs are examples of efforts that might reduce barriers to accessing services. CONCLUSIONS Facilitating access to mental health services is crucial to accommodate the mental health needs of those incarcerated. This study provides insights into the complex interplay of individual, social and systemic factors that may contribute to the utilization of mental health care among incarcerated persons. We suggest that correctional and healthcare systems review their practices to facilitate access to healthcare for people in prison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Elisabeth Solbakken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9038, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Use, University Hospital of North, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9038, Norway.
- Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Tromsø, Norway.
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Correia de Sá T, Jácome F, Basto T, Costa M, Gonçalves Á, Teixeira N, Castro Neves L, Barros da Silva J. Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair for emergency groin hernia: a systematic review. Hernia 2024:10.1007/s10029-024-03018-8. [PMID: 38522045 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-03018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laparoscopic groin hernia repair has evolved and gained popularity and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) procedure provides an opportunity to evaluate the peritoneal cavity and both inguinal areas without the need for additional dissection. There is still a paucity of evidence to support TAPP repair in the emergency setting. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of TAPP repair for incarcerated and strangulated groin hernias. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were followed for literature search and established inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Data were extracted and analyzed for the outcomes of interest. RESULTS Overall, 8 studies were included in the review, comprising 316 patients. Patients characteristics and outcomes were limitedly reported. Only 3 cases of conversion to open approach were reported and 2 recurrences were diagnosed. Postoperative complications are inconsistently reported but mostly refer to minor complications. There were no mortality cases. Visceral resections were performed in 25 cases due to ischemia, mostly extracorporeally. CONCLUSION Laparoscopy is a game changer and TAPP approach is a feasible, safe, and effective technique for the emergent repair of groin hernias. Further studies and prospective randomized data are needed to establish its role in the emergent groin hernia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Correia de Sá
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal.
| | - F Jácome
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Basto
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - M Costa
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Á Gonçalves
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - N Teixeira
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - L Castro Neves
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - J Barros da Silva
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Xiong B. A case of incarcerated adnexal tumor in inguinal hernia. Asian J Surg 2024:S1015-9584(24)00559-1. [PMID: 38521746 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; NO.1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; NO.1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Binghong Xiong
- General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; NO.1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Richard D, Rousseau D, Umapathy K, Pandya H, Rousis G, Peeples P. Exploring the Impact of a Trauma-informed Yoga and Mindfulness Curriculum for Multiple Populations: A Pilot Study. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:54-61. [PMID: 37365081 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with trauma experience negative mental health impacts and are at risk of poor cardiovascular outcomes. Unmanaged, these conditions may worsen, compromising healing and wellbeing. Yoga, particularly trauma-informed, may improve outcomes. The current pilot study explores the impact of a novel trauma-informed yoga and mindfulness curriculum on wellbeing in two parts. The first examined mental health (stress, mood) outcomes in four trauma-impacted populations: adults who were incarcerated (INC), individuals in recovery from substance use disorders (SU), veterans (VA), and vulnerable youth (YTH) assessing both the impact of individual class participation and impact of attending at least four curriculum sessions. For the subgroup of incarcerated individuals, impact by theme was examined. After curriculum sessions, stress was reduced, and mood improved. Across multiple sessions both the largest decreases in stress and greatest increase in mood occurred after participant in the first session. Further, a specific exploration of curriculum class impact by theme for participants who were incarcerated indicated no difference in impact by theme. The second part of this study explored cardiovascular outcomes for the population of those in recovery from substance use. Reductions in systolic blood pressure occurred immediately after the first curriculum session, and diastolic blood pressure reduced over three consecutive sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richard
- University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
| | - D Rousseau
- Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, Rm 510, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - K Umapathy
- University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
| | - H Pandya
- SS&C Technologies, 9000 Southside Blvd, Building 700, Jacksonville FL 32256, United States
| | - G Rousis
- University of South Florida, 4202 E., Fowler Avenue, PCD 4118 G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
| | - P Peeples
- The Peeples Collaborative, 1327 Walnut Street, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Lewis C, Fedock G, Garthe R, Lee C. Racial Differences in Suicidal Behaviors and Post-Suicide Attempt Treatment: a Latent Class Analysis of Incarcerated Men's Experiences. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01826-9. [PMID: 37938433 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Community-based research has found racial differences in suicide attempts for Black and White men and in how men are treated after a suicide attempt; however, prison-based research has largely not explored such differences. This study examined racial differences in the circumstances of incarcerated men's suicide attempts and investigated health care disparities in staff responses to these suicide attempts. With administrative data from three state prisons over a 5-year period, we conducted a latent class analysis to explore patterns of suicide attempts for 207 incarcerated men. We examined race as a predictor of class membership. Black men were more likely than White men to use a method of hanging/suffocation for attempting suicide, and they were also commonly subjected to segregation when they attempted suicide. Black men were less likely to receive health care post-attempt than White men. Given the findings of this study, several key researches, practices, and policy directions are needed to prevent suicide and promote the health and well-being of incarcerated men, particularly incarcerated Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cashell Lewis
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Gina Fedock
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rachel Garthe
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Carol Lee
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Plummer N, Guardado R, Ngassa Y, Montalvo C, Kotoujian PJ, Siddiqi K, Senst T, Simon K, Acevedo A, Wurcel AG. Racial Differences in Self-Report of Mental Illness and Mental Illness Treatment in the Community: An Analysis of Jail Intake Data. Adm Policy Ment Health 2023; 50:966-975. [PMID: 37733128 PMCID: PMC10543583 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-023-01297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Jails and prisons in the United States house people with elevated rates of mental health and substance use disorders. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of racial/ethnic differences in the self-report of mental illness and psychiatric medication use at jail entry. Our sample included individuals who had been incarcerated between 2016 and 2020 at the Middlesex Jail & House of Correction, located in Billerica, MA. We used data from the "Offender Management System," the administrative database used by the jail containing data on people who are incarcerated, and COREMR, the electronic medical record (EMR) used in the Middlesex Jail & House of Correction. We evaluated two primary outcomes (1) self-reported mental illness history and (2) self-reported use of psychiatric medication, with the primary indicator of interest as race/ethnicity. At intake, over half (57%) of the sample self-reported history of mental illness and 20% reported the use of psychiatric medications. Among people who self-reported a history of mental illness, Hispanic (AOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60-0.90), Black (AOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.43-0.64), Asian/Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) people (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.74), and people from other racial/ethnic groups (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.93) all had decreased odds of reporting psychiatric medications. Mental illness was reported in about one-half of people who entered jail, but only 20% reported receiving medications in the community prior to incarceration. Our findings build on the existing literature on jail-based mental illness and show racial disparities in self-report of psychiatric medications in people who self-reported mental illness. The timing, frequency, and equity of mental health services in both the community and the jail setting deserves further research, investment, and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcissa Plummer
- Department of Population Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rubeen Guardado
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yvane Ngassa
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Cristina Montalvo
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Simon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Andrea Acevedo
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - Alysse G. Wurcel
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
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Al Ghrebawi A, Koning GG, Dogan N. Case report: Incarcerated obturator hernia, initially presenting as right hip pain! Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108687. [PMID: 37659162 PMCID: PMC10509811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An incarcerated Obturator herniation is a rare external abdominal hernia. Abdominal CT-scanning is the first choice for the diagnosis of such an incarcerated Obturator hernia. Since intestinal incarceration leads to acute necrosis. Therefore emergency surgical treatment is required. However, due to the lack of specificity of the clinical manifestations of incarcerated Obturator hernia, a delay in adequate diagnostics may be higher than expected. PRESENTATION OF CASE An 82 year woman was admitted to the hospital because of right hip joint pain. She was initially evaluated and admitted by orthopedics team for suspected arthritis. A CT-scan with contrast was ordered, which showed an intestinal ischemic obstruction in a right sided obturator hernia, an acute laparotomy was carried out. DISCUSSION This case is important and differs from the well-known similar cases through the emergency admission at the orthopedic department because of the clear right hip pain and clinical history from the patient. An Obturator herniation (OH) is a rare external abdominal hernia accounting for only 0.07 %-1 % of all hernia cases. Because the female pelvis is wider which can lead to herniation of abdominal contents. The Howship-Romberg sign should be checked during physical examination. CONCLUSION Obturator hernia is very rare and difficult to diagnose. Moreover when elderly women suffer from long-term chronic diseases, a very thin body, or a history of multiple deliveries. Howship-Romberg sign should be checked in these situations during physical examination. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly reduces the occurrence of intestinal perforation, necrosis, sepsis and/or other severe adverse events, thereby, a significant prognostic improvement of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al Ghrebawi
- Surgery Department, Sub-division of Digestive Surgery, Teaching Hospital EUREGIO, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 10, Nordhorn, Germany.
| | - G G Koning
- Surgery Department, Sub-division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Teaching Hospital EUREGIO, Germany
| | - N Dogan
- Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital EUREGIO, Germany
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McTernan N, Griffin E, Cully G, Kelly E, Hume S, Corcoran P. The incidence and profile of self-harm among prisoners: findings from the Self-Harm Assessment and Data Analysis Project 2017-2019. Int J Prison Health 2023; 19:565-577. [PMID: 37125411 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-02-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Internationally, rates of suicide and lifetime self-harm are higher in prisoners compared to the general population. This study aims to identify specific characteristics of self-harming behaviour and to establish a profile of prisoners who engage in self-harm. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Data from the Self-Harm Assessment and Data Analysis Project (SADA) on self-harm episodes in prisons in the Republic of Ireland during 2017-2019 was used. Annual rates per 1,000 were calculated by age and gender. FINDINGS The rate of self-harm between 2017 and 2019 was 31 per 1,000 prisoners for men and six times higher at 184 per 1,000 prisoners for women. The rate of self-harm was twice as high among prisoners on remand than sentenced prisoners (60.5 versus 31.3 per 1,000). The highest rates of self-harm among sentenced prisoners were observed among 18-29-year-old men (45 per 1,000) and women (125 per 1,000). The rate of self-harm was higher among women prisoners in all age groups. Contributory factors associated with self-harm were mainly related to mental health but also linked to a prisoner's environment and relationships. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS There is a need to ensure access to timely and suitable mental health services, including both appropriate referral and provision of evidence-based mental health interventions to address the needs of these cohorts. ORIGINALITY/VALUE To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first national study to systematically examine incidence and patterns of self-harm among the prison population in Ireland. The recording of severity/intent of each episode is novel when assessing self-harm among the prison population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall McTernan
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eve Griffin
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Grace Cully
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Paul Corcoran
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Pietrogiovanna L, Janczak J, Pfeifer N, Strahm R, Brunner W. Incarerated femoral hernia in women - A critical view on approach options. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 106:108149. [PMID: 37094416 PMCID: PMC10149270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE In the literature there is few information on femoral hernias while best surgical approach to groin hernia in women is in recent discussion ([1], [2]). Focused on femoral hernia our purpose is to present a possible pathway for incarcerated female hernia approach demonstrated on four cases. CASE PRESENTATION Four female patients (77-90 y) with suspected incarcerated inguinal unilateral hernia undergoing repair at our department between December 2017 and December 2018 are presented. In three patients emergency laparoscopy by single port approach confirmed incarceration. Bowel was reduced and femoral hernia diagnosed. A TAPP repair was performed. The fourth patient had multiple previous abdominal operations due to anal carcinoma, so laparoscopic approach was not recommended. A transinguinal open approach also showed an incarcerated femoral hernia. CLINICAL DISCUSSION In case of suspected incarcerated inguinal hernia accurate identification of a femoral hernia is necessary especially in female elderly patients. If possible endoscopic approach is preferred and offers exploration of both sides, checking bowel for vitality and fixing the hernia. If bilateral hernia is present, both sides should be addressed. Surgeons not used to TAPP should perform diagnostic laparoscopy with reduction of hernia sac and check of content and switch to TEP if experienced or open procedure. If open approach is necessary checking for femoral hernia is also mandatory and preperitoneal mesh placement is recommended with or without ligation of inferior epigastric vessels. CONCLUSION Femoral hernias in women are not rare and in open repair techniques easily overseen. The endoscopic approach is preferred. With open approach the exploration via transversalis fascia is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pietrogiovanna
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse, 95 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Joanna Janczak
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse, 95 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nina Pfeifer
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse, 95 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Strahm
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse, 95 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Walter Brunner
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse, 95 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Matucci T, Riccardi N, Occhineri S, Pontarelli A, Tiseo G, Falcone M, Puci M, Saderi L, Sotgiu G. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in incarcerated people: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00086-1. [PMID: 36868354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estimated number of people deprived of liberty is increasing, with 11.55 million incarcerated globally in 2021. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains is facilitated in over-crowded, poorly ventilated settings such as jails and penitentiaries. Moreover, inmates may show individual risk factors for the development of tuberculosis (TB) disease. Treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) may require up to 9 months of drug exposure and are characterized by adverse events (AEs) and low completion rates. OBJECTIVES to describe current scientific evidence on feasibility, acceptability and completion rate of LTBI treatment in prison/correctional institutes. DATA SOURCES Articles were retrieved from MEDLINE/PubMed, no time restriction was applied. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Human retrospective and prospective studies published on LTBI treatment in incarcerated populations were included. ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS Bias assessment plots and Egger weighted regression test were used to determine the risk of bias. METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Absolute and relative frequencies were assessed for qualitative data. Pooled proportion of included study groups and 95% confidence interval estimates, weighted for sample sizes, were illustrated in forest plots. I2 indicator association were used for true variability and overall variation. Fixed and random-effects models were chosen depending on the estimated between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS Of11 selected studies only 1 was conducted in a high TB incidence country. Overall, completion rates ranged from 26% to 100% across the included studies. Reason for discontinuation of treatment were transfer to other facilities, release, or loss to follow-up (LTFU) (range 0-74%), incidence of AEs (range 0-18%), and refusal or withdrawal from treatment (range 0-16%). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of short-course regimens in prisons should be considered given the low incidence of AEs observed; however, inmates consistently refused to complete LTBI treatment, thus underlining the need for improvement in retention in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Matucci
- StopTB Italia, Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Riccardi
- StopTB Italia, Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Occhineri
- StopTB Italia, Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostina Pontarelli
- StopTB Italia, Milan, Italy; Unit of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Tiseo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariangela Puci
- University of Sassari, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Italy
| | - Laura Saderi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- StopTB Italia, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Riback LR, Dickson P, Ralph K, Saber LB, Devine R, Pett LA, Clausen AJ, Pluznik JA, Bowden CJ, Sarrett JC, Wurcel AG, Phillips VL, Spaulding AC, Akiyama MJ. Coping with COVID in corrections: a qualitative study among the recently incarcerated on infection control and the acceptability of wastewater-based surveillance. Health Justice 2023; 11:5. [PMID: 36749465 PMCID: PMC9903258 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctional settings are hotspots for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Social and biological risk factors contribute to higher rates of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among justice-involved individuals. Rapidly identifying new cases in congregate settings is essential to promote proper isolation and quarantine. We sought perspectives of individuals incarcerated during COVID-19 on how to improve carceral infection control and their perspectives on acceptability of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) accompanying individual testing. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 adults who self-reported being incarcerated throughout the United States between March 2020 and May 2021. We asked participants about facility enforcement of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 guidelines, and acceptability of integrating WBS into SARS-CoV-2 monitoring strategies at their most recent facility. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the study sample and report on acceptability of WBS. We analyzed qualitative data thematically using an iterative process. RESULTS Participants were predominantly Black or multiple races (50%) and men (75%); 46 years old on average. Most received a mask during their most recent incarceration (90%), although only 40% received counseling on proper mask wearing. A quarter of participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 at intake. Most (70%) believed they were exposed to the virus while incarcerated. Reoccurring themes included (1) Correctional facility environment leading to a sense of insecurity, (2) Perceptions that punitive conditions in correctional settings were exacerbated by the pandemic; (3) Importance of peers as a source of information about mitigation measures; (4) Perceptions that the safety of correctional environments differed from that of the community during the pandemic; and (5) WBS as a logical strategy, with most (68%) believing WBS would work in the last correctional facility they were in, and 79% preferred monitoring SARS-CoV-2 levels through WBS rather than relying on just individual testing. CONCLUSION Participants supported routine WBS to monitor for SARS-CoV-2. Integrating WBS into existing surveillance strategies at correctional facilities may minimize the impact of future COVID-19 outbreaks while conserving already constrained resources. To enhance the perception and reality that correctional systems are maximizing mitigation, future measures might include focusing on closer adherence to CDC recommendations and clarity about disease pathogenesis with residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Riback
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Peter Dickson
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keyanna Ralph
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay B Saber
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Devine
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Pett
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alyssa J Clausen
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob A Pluznik
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chava J Bowden
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Sarrett
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Anne C Spaulding
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew J Akiyama
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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12
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Rodrigues-Gonçalves V, Verdaguer M, Bravo-Salva A, Moratal M, Blanco R, Ochoa-Segarra F, Pereira-Rodríguez JA, López-Cano M. Open preperitoneal vs. open anterior repair for the treatment of emergency femoral hernia: a bicentric retrospective study. Hernia 2023; 27:127-138. [PMID: 36083415 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-022-02673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative results, in terms of complications and recurrence, between the anterior and open preperitoneal approaches in emergency femoral hernia. METHODS This bi-centric retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent emergency femoral hernia repair between January 2010 and December 2018. Postoperative complications and recurrence were analyzed comparing anterior and open preperitoneal approaches. The predictors of complications, mortality and recurrence were investigated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 204 patients met the inclusion criteria. Open anterior approach was performed in 128 (62.7%) patients and open preperitoneal was performed in 76 (37.3%). Open preperitoneal approach was associated with lower rates of recurrence (P = 0.033) and associated midline laparotomies (P = 0.006). Multivariable analysis identified patients with chronic nephropathy (OR, 3.801; 95%CI, 1.034-13.974; P = 0.044), preoperative bowel obstruction (OR, 2.376; 95%CI, 1.118-5.047; P = 0.024) and required midline laparotomy (OR, 12.467; 95%CI, 11.392-102.372; P = 0.030) as risk factors for complications and ASA ≥ III (OR, 7.820; 95%CI, 1.279-47.804; P = 0.026), COPD (OR, 5.064; 95%CI, 1.188-21.585; P = 0.028), necrotic contents (OR, 36.968; 95%CI, 4.640-294.543; P = 0.001), and required midline laparotomy (OR, 11.047; 95%CI, 1.943-62.809; P = 0.007). as risk factors for 90-day mortality. Male gender (OR, 4.718; 95%CI, 1.668-13.347; P = 0.003) and anterior approach (OR, 5.292; 95%CI, 1.114-25.149; P = 0.036) were risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION Open preperitoneal approach may be superior to anterior approach in the emergency setting because it can avoid the morbidity of associated midline laparotomies, with a lower long-term recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rodrigues-Gonçalves
- General Surgery Department, Abdominal Wall Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Paseo Vall d`Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Verdaguer
- General Surgery Department, Abdominal Wall Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Paseo Vall d`Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bravo-Salva
- Servei de Cirurgia General, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department de Ciències, Experimentals I de La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Moratal
- General Surgery Department, Abdominal Wall Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Paseo Vall d`Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- General Surgery Department, Abdominal Wall Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Paseo Vall d`Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Ochoa-Segarra
- Servei de Cirurgia General, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department de Ciències, Experimentals I de La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Pereira-Rodríguez
- Servei de Cirurgia General, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Department de Ciències, Experimentals I de La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López-Cano
- General Surgery Department, Abdominal Wall Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Paseo Vall d`Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Lee Y, Tessier L, Jong A, Zhao D, Samarasinghe Y, Doumouras A, Saleh F, Hong D. Differences in in-hospital outcomes and healthcare utilization for laparoscopic versus open approach for emergency inguinal hernia repair: a nationwide analysis. Hernia 2023; 27:601-608. [PMID: 36645563 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been a growing debate of whether laparoscopic or open surgical techniques are superior for inguinal hernia repair. For incarcerated and strangulated inguinal hernias, the laparoscopic approach remains controversial. This study aims to be the first nationwide analysis to compare clinical and healthcare utilization outcomes between laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair in an emergency setting. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample was performed. All patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) and open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR) between October 2015 and December 2019 were included. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes include post-operative complications, ICU admission, length of stay (LOS), and total admission cost. Two approaches were compared using univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Between the years 2015 and 2019, 17,205 patients were included. Among these, 213 patients underwent LIHR and 16,992 underwent OIHR. No difference was observed between laparoscopic and open repair for mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.80, 95% CI [0.25, 2.61], p = 0.714). Additionally, there was no significant difference between groups for post-operative ICU admission (OR 1.11, 95% CI [0.74, 1.67], p = 0.614), post-operative complications (OR 1.09, 95% CI [0.76, 1.56], p = 0.647), LOS (mean difference [MD]: -0.02 days, 95% CI [- 0.56, 0.52], p = 0.934), or total admission cost (MD: $3,028.29, 95% CI [$- 110.94, $6167.53], p = 0.059). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is comparable to the open inguinal hernia repair with respect to low rates of morbidity, mortality as well as healthcare resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Tessier
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Jong
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Zhao
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Y Samarasinghe
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Doumouras
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - F Saleh
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health System, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - D Hong
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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14
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Zhang C, Wang R, Lv G, Lin F. Laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy with incarcerated bowel retraction using "hernia sac injection impact technology": Video presentation. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:645-646. [PMID: 35953370 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 89 Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian, 355000, China
| | - Ruotao Wang
- Medical Laboratory, Mindong Hospital Fujian Medical University, 89 Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian, 355000, China
| | - Guifang Lv
- Medical Laboratory, Mindong Hospital Fujian Medical University, 89 Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian, 355000, China.
| | - Feng Lin
- General Surgery Department, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 89 Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian, 355000, China
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15
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Turan U, Baris-Dirim A. Predictivity of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (De Ritis) ratio for detecting bowel necrosis in incarcerated inguinal hernia patients. CIR CIR 2023; 91:494-500. [PMID: 37677952 DOI: 10.24875/ciru.22000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis of necrotic bowel segment resulting from incarcerated inguinal hernia (IIH) is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the De Ritis ratio (DRR), also known as the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase, as a biomarker for intestinal necrosis. METHODS This retrospective study included 132 patients who underwent emergency surgery for IIH. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent bowel resection for necrosis (Group 1) and those who did not (Group 2). Patients' demographic and clinical data were recorded. Using laboratory test results, DRR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) were calculated. RESULTS The morbidity and mortality rates and the length of stay for Group 1 were statistically significantly different (p < 0.0001). The DRR, NLR, PLR, LMR, and LCR values of the same group were also significantly different (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION DRR can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of bowel necrosis in patients with IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Turan
- Department of General Surgery, Adana City Research and Training Hospital, Adana
| | - Ahmet Baris-Dirim
- Department of General Surgery, Balıklıgol Government Hospital, Sanlıurfa. Turkey
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16
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Solbakken LE, Wynn R. Barriers and opportunities to accessing social support in the transition from community to prison: a qualitative interview study with incarcerated individuals in Northern Norway. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:185. [PMID: 35902977 PMCID: PMC9331082 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incarcerated individuals have poor mental health compared to the general population. Social support has a beneficial effect on mental health. The buffering model proposes that social support facilitates coping under stressful conditions, while the main effects model suggests that belonging to social networks and having positive social interactions are beneficial for mental health. Prisons are a highly interesting context for studying social support, as imprisonment is perceived as stressful and disrupts social relationships and the availability of support. This study aims to explore incarcerated individuals' perceptions of social support from various sources in the transition from community to prison, its perceived significance for mental health, and the opportunities and barriers to accessing social support in a Norwegian prison context. METHODS The experiences of eight incarcerated individuals from a prison in Northern Norway were gathered through conducting individual in-depth interviews. The data analysis was inspired by Charmaz's version of Grounded Theory. RESULTS Social support from peers was perceived to be important for the well-being and preserving of mental health in prison. Support from informal sources outside prison and prison officers were not granted the same significance by the participants. Although prison life was perceived as stressful, social support in the form of companionship, the feeling of belonging, shared activities, and everyday conversations were more important for the participants than support focusing on coping with the stress of incarceration. CONCLUSIONS Peers are perceived to be the most important source of social support, and vital for well-being and mental health in prison. Barriers to support from family, friends and prison officers may amplify the significance of support from peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Elisabeth Solbakken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038, Tromsö, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Substance Use, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038, Tromsö, Norway.
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17
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Warehime J, Metzinger D, Cope Z, Feroz R, Gupta A, Lenger SM. When prolapse cannot be reduced: incarcerated procidentia due to pelvic mass. Int Urogynecol J 2022. [PMID: 35376965 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Our objective is to demonstrate a surgical approach to the treatment of incarcerated procidentia with obstructed ureters due to a pelvic mass. METHODS A 61-year-old woman presented with constipation, vaginal swelling, and difficulty voiding. On examination she had complete procidentia, which could not be reduced with gentle pressure. On imaging the prolapse appeared to contain a large pelvic mass measuring 11.5 cm in its greatest diameter, with features consistent with a mature teratoma. She was also noted to have bilateral ureteral obstruction and prominent hydronephrosis. After unsuccessful prolapse reduction under anesthesia, Bovie electrocautery was used to perform a posterior colpotomy. The obstructing mass was dissected away from the uterus and its connecting pedicle transected. The prolapse could then be reduced and a robotic hysterectomy performed. RESULTS Pathology showed multiple pelvic masses including an 8-cm necrotic cystic nodule most consistent with uterine fibroids and a 4.5-cm mature cystic teratoma with associated seromucinous cystadenoma of the left ovary. Bilateral nephrostomy tubes were placed postoperatively. CONCLUSION Incarcerated procidentia is an uncommon occurrence, which in rare cases may be due to a pelvic mass. Surgical management may be required with colpotomy for removal of the pelvic mass in order to reduce the prolapse and resolve the case.
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18
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Seid M, Anbesaw T, Melke S, Beteshe D, Mussa H, Asmamaw A, Shegaw M. Antisocial personality disorder and associated factors among incarcerated in prison in Dessie city correctional center, Dessie, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35073903 PMCID: PMC8785502 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) describes individuals who engage in repetitive aggressiveness, deceitfulness, impulsivity, and unlawful behavior. It has a broad impact on families, relationships, and social functioning, and also people with ASPD make heavy demands on the judicial system, social and mental health services. Even though ASPD is a common problem among incarcerated in prisons, it is not well studied in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of ASPD among incarcerated in prison in Dessie city correctional center. METHOD A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 320 incarcerated in prison at Dessie correctional center, Ethiopia. The study subjects were selected by using a simple random sampling technique and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th text revision (DSM-5) was used to measure ASPD using face-to-face interviews. Social support was assessed using the Oslo social support scale (Oslo-3). The collected data were checked for completeness and entered into Epi-data Version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors related to antisocial personality disorder. In multivariable logistic regression variables with a p-value, less than 0.05 were considered significant and, adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was used to present the strength of the association. RESULTS The current study showed that the prevalence of ASPD was found to be 30.6% (95% CI:25.6,35.9). In a multivariable analysis, being single [AOR = 2.33; 95%CI (1.39,3.89)], monthly income of 1000-2000 ETB (Ethiopian Birr) [AOR = 2.12; 95%CI (1.163,3.45)], reconviction [AOR = 2.37; 95%CI (1.08,5.19)], and alcohol use [AOR = 2.00; 95% CI (1.16,3.45)] were discovered to be predictors of antisocial personality disorder. CONCLUSION This study revealed that nearly one-third of incarcerated in prison were found to have an anti-social personality disorder. Being single, 1000-2000 ETB income, reconviction, and alcohol users were variables that are independent predictors of ASPD. A screening and intervention program is required and further research should be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Seid
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Anbesaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Shishigu Melke
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Beteshe
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Haydar Mussa
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Asmamaw
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Maregu Shegaw
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, Wollo University College of Medicine and Health Science Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Jawad AM, Nyeko-Lacek M, Brown L, Javed MU, Hemington-Gorse S. "Burns Behind Bars": A 10-year review and cost analysis of burn injuries in prison inmates presenting to a regional burns centre, and the role of the burns outreach service. Burns 2021; 48:1719-1726. [PMID: 34974930 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From 85348 inmates in England and Wales, over 26,000 incidents of assault and 40,000 of self-harm were reported from within prisons in 2016. This study focuses primarily on burn injuries in prison, determining the predominant aetiology as well as clinical outcomes of these injuries. METHODS Data was retrieved retrospectively and a case series performed, including all burns referred from regional prisons to our centre from 2007 to 2017 and comprising patient demographics, mechanism of injury, total body surface area affected, management, and outcome. Cost analysis of care was conducted using a previously published framework. RESULTS 18 cases from three regional prisons were recorded, with 67% from a single prison. Referrals rose exponentially over time, with 44% occurring in 2017. 94% were scald burns, and 56% secondary to assault, primarily through the use of kettles and mostly targeting the face and trunk. The mean TBSA of burn was 2.89% (<1-8%), and 80% received first aid. 72.2% were admitted to hospital for an average of 4 days. All burns were managed nonoperatively with dressings and underwent on average 2 outpatient reviews (1-8). DISCUSSION The disproportionate spread of referrals across the prisons correlates partly with the respective populations, but may also represent contrasting medical provisions. The recurring method of assault reflects the relative ease of access to hot water as a harmful agent, predominantly presenting with scalds affecting more critical areas, and with concurrent physical trauma in nearly half of cases which presents management challenges. CONCLUSION Targeted education is recommended to reduce the incidence and ensure adequate management of burns in prison, referrals for which are demonstrably rising. Accordingly, the Burns Outreach team can provide training to in-house prison health staff and review referrals to specialist Burns services, aiming to ensure equitable care while alleviating costs associated with transfer to and management in hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Majeed Jawad
- Specialty Registrar in Burns and Plastic Surgery, Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK.
| | - Miriam Nyeko-Lacek
- Foundation Year 2 Doctor, Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Liz Brown
- Clinical Nurse Specialist in Burns, Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Muhammad Umair Javed
- Consultant Burns and Plastic Surgeon, Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Sarah Hemington-Gorse
- Consultant Burns and Plastic Surgeon, Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK
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Huang S, Blissett G, Pei BA, Balac N, Bogner J, Reilly JM. A Descriptive Analysis of the Epidemiology and Motivations for Laser Tattoo Removal in an Underserved Population. J Community Health 2021; 47:127-135. [PMID: 34480684 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-01024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tattoos of formerly gang-involved and incarcerated individuals can negatively impact their ability to reintegrate into society. Laser tattoo removal is essential to helping individuals obtain employment, re-cultivate positive relationships, and disengage from gangs. The objective of this study is to describe the demographics and motivations for laser tattoo removal at a large nonprofit clinic. This was a single center retrospective study conducted on patients presenting to Ya'stuvo Tattoo Removal between January 2016-December 2018 and had at least three laser tattoo removal sessions. Data was recorded on patient demographics, geographic location of residence (e.g. zipcode), comorbidities, probation/parole status, referral source, transportation mode, and motivations for receiving and removing tattoos. A representative sample of 862 patients was used to conduct our analysis. Average age at first visit was 30. 16% (n = 134) were on probation, 8% (n = 66) were on parole, and 63% (n = 544) did not report their probation/parole status. Reasons for receiving a tattoo included gangs (46%, n = 368), a current or ex-relationship (28%, n = 223), and decoration (20%, n = 159). The most common reasons for tattoo removal were employment (66%, n = 546), readiness to change life (47%, n = 392), maturity (47%, n = 392), family (43%, n = 356), and negative attention from tattoos (37%, n = 303). The current study highlights the importance of laser tattoo removal in reintegration and gang disengagement. Expanding cost efficient laser tattoo removal is paramount to meet the safety and socioeconomic needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Huang
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Gabriella Blissett
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Bing April Pei
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nina Balac
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Jo Marie Reilly
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Karatoprak S, Ayaz N, Dönmez YE, Dogan M. Assessment of suicide probability and related factors in male incarcerated adolescents; a sample of reformatory center in Turkey. Int J Law Psychiatry 2021; 78:101731. [PMID: 34479120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2021.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal behavior in adolescents is an important public health problem, and it ranks first among the causes of prison deaths in incarcerated adolescents(IAs). The aim of this study is to determine the probability of suicide and associated risk factors in IAs. METHOD Seventy-one male adolescents in a reformatory center were contrasted with a matched group of 71 male adolescent with no psychiatric disorder and no criminal record. Suicidal probability and psychiatric symptomatology were assessed with the Suicide Probability Scale, SA-45 Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS It was determined that the probability of suicide was higher in IAs, and depression and hostility symptoms, the presence of another individual involved in delinquency in family had predictive effects. It was also found that there was a positive correlation between the probability of suicide and the number of delinquencies, the number of incarceration, and a negative correlation between attending to school or work while in reformatory and being visited by relatives while in reformatory. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that when assessing suicide risk for IAS, it may be useful to pay attention to those with symptoms of depression or hostility, those with multiple delinquencies or entrance to reformatory, and those who have family members involved in delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Karatoprak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Nusret Ayaz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Niğde Training and Research Hospital, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Dönmez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Dogan
- Omer Halisdemir University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Niğde, Turkey
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22
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Kim M, Sufrin C, Nowotny K, Beal L, Jiménez MC. Pregnancy Prevalence and Outcomes in 3 United States Juvenile Residential Systems. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:546-51. [PMID: 33484848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To describe the number of admissions of pregnant adolescents to US juvenile residential systems (JRS) and the outcomes of pregnancies that ended while in custody. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Three nonrandomly selected JRS in 3 US states. PARTICIPANTS Designated reporter at each JRS reporting aggregate data on various pregnant admissions, outcomes, and systems' policies. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Monthly number of pregnant people admitted, pregnant people at the end of the month, births, preterm births, cesarean deliveries, miscarriages, induced abortions, ectopic pregnancies, maternal and newborn deaths, and administrative policies. RESULTS There were 71 admissions of pregnant adolescents reported over 12 months from participating JRS. At the time of the census, 6 of the 183 female adolescents (3.3%) were pregnant. Eight pregnancies ended while in custody. Of these, 1 pregnancy was a live full-term birth, 4 were miscarriages, and 3 were induced abortions. There were no newborn deaths or maternal deaths. Administrative policies and services varied among the JRS. For example, all JRS had a prenatal care provider on-site, whereas 2 JRS helped cover the costs of abortions. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the estimates of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes among justice-involved youth in JRS. Our findings indicate that there are pregnant adolescents in JRS and most return to their communities while pregnant, highlighting the importance of continuity of care. More work is needed to understand the complexities of health care needs of justice-involved pregnant youth during and after their incarceration.
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Saxena P, Messina N. Trajectories of victimization to violence among incarcerated women. Health Justice 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 34313871 PMCID: PMC8314610 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited research has focused on the trajectories of victimization to violence in women's lives. Furthermore, literature assessing women's use of violence has primarily focused on adult risk factors (e.g., substance use and criminal histories). Drawing from the pathway's framework, we explored the impact of multiple forms of childhood victimization and subsequent harmful behaviors on adult-perpetrated violence among women convicted of violent or serious crimes. METHODS This secondary data analysis included a sample of 1118 incarcerated women from two prisons. Based on prior literature outlining the lifelong negative impact of childhood victimization, we hypothesized that cumulatively, occurrence of abuses, arrest as a minor, number of lifetime arrests, and poly-substance use prior to incarceration, would increase the likelihood of perpetration of multiple forms of violence. GEE regression models were used to examine the relationship between the predictors and adult perpetration of intimidation and physical violence. RESULTS Experiences with childhood victimization, early (under age 18) and ongoing criminal justice involvement, and substance use significantly increased the likelihood of adult perpetration of violence, regardless of the type of violence measured (intimidation or physical violence). CONCLUSION Given the documented high prevalence of childhood trauma and abuse among justice-involved women, findings from this study can be used to promote the implementation of trauma-specific treatment for at-risk juvenile girls, whose trajectories of violence might be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Saxena
- Sociology Department, Institutional Research, Planning and Institutional Effectiveness, College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA, USA.
| | - Nena Messina
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs and Envisioning Justice Solutions, Inc., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Meyer BJ, Byrne MK, Cortie CH, Parletta N, Jones A, Eckermann S, Butler T, Greenberg D, Batterham M, Fernandez F, Schofield PW, Winberg PC, Bowles K, Dally J, Martin AM, Grant L. The effect of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on aggressive behaviour in adult male prisoners: a structured study protocol for a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial and translation into policy and practice. Trials 2021; 22:318. [PMID: 33934704 PMCID: PMC8088826 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to better manage aggressive behaviour and reduce recidivism are a primary concern for corrective services. Nutritional interventions to correct prisoner behaviour have been largely overlooked in the literature. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary intake influences aggressive behaviours and that nutritional supplementation with omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) could attenuate both the severity and frequency of aggressive behaviour. METHODS Adult male prisoners who have a history of aggressive behaviour (n = 600) will be recruited from at least 6 Correctional Centres and randomised to receive either n-3 LCPUFA or placebo supplementation for a 16-week duration. Treatment will be with either 1 g/day of n-3 LCPUFA (694 mg DHA and 397 mg EPA) or placebo capsules, which are a corn/soy oil blend and are identical in size and colour. The primary outcome measure is the Inmate Behavioural Observation Scale (IBOS): an objective measure of aggressive behaviour. Secondary outcome measures include questionnaires (including aggression, attention deficit disorder, impulsivity, depression/anxiety/stress scales), engagement in programmes, recidivism and quality of life. Baseline and post-intervention assessments include the IBOS, questionnaires and blood to measure the levels of n-3 LCPUFA. DISCUSSION To conclusively test the potential that increasing n-3 LCPUFA intakes can improve rates of prisoner aggression and associated mental health and violence-related social system management costs, we propose an adequately powered multi-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial, examining the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on aggressive behaviour in adult male prisoners. If successful, this study will inform prisoner policy with respect to nutrition and by inference contribute to a broader community approach to preventative mental health practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12618001665224 . Registered on 10 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Mitchell K Byrne
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Colin H Cortie
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Natalie Parletta
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Alison Jones
- DVC (Health and Communities), University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Simon Eckermann
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Tony Butler
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David Greenberg
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, Anzac Pde., Matraville, NSW, 2035, Australia
| | - Marijka Batterham
- School of Mathematics & Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Health and Behavioural Science, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD, 4014, Australia
| | - Peter W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2300, Australia
| | - Pia C Winberg
- Venus Shell Systems, PO Box 2149, Bomaderry, NSW, 2541, Australia
| | - Kate Bowles
- School of the Arts, English and Media, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jean Dally
- Corrective Services NSW, 20 Lee St, Haymarket, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | | | - Luke Grant
- Corrective Services NSW, 20 Lee St, Haymarket, NSW, 2000, Australia
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Tomaoglu K, Okmen H. Prosthetic mesh hernioplasty versus primary repair in incarcerated and strangulated groin and abdominal wall hernias with or without organ resection. Retrospective study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:1651-1657. [PMID: 33733286 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of synthetic materials in emergency surgery for abdominal wall hernia in a potentially infected operating field has long been debated. In the present study, we evaluated the outcome of mesh prostheses in the management of incarcerated and strangulated abdominal wall hernias with or without organ resection. METHODS Between March 2012 and January 2020, medical records of 301 patients who underwent emergency surgery for incarcerated and strangulated abdominal wall hernias were retrospectively evaluated. The interventions were exclusively realized by two surgical teams, one of which used polypropylene mesh prostheses (group I), whereas the second team performed primary hernia repair (group II). The outcome of patients was observed for a mean follow-up period of 18.2 months. Categorical data were analyzed with the χ2 test or likelihood ratio. Logistic regression was used for adjustments in multivariate analysis. Statistical analyses were realized with SPSS, version 18. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. For multiple comparisons between types of hernia, the significance level was set to P < 0.0083 according to Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS Of the 301 patients, 190 were men (63.1%), and 111 were women (36.9%). The mean age was 59,98 years (range 17-92). Overall, 226 (75.1%) patients were treated with synthetic mesh replacement. One hundred two organ resections (34%) were performed involving the omentum, small intestine, colon, and appendix. No significant difference was identified in terms of postoperative complications, between the two groups both in patients who underwent organ resection and in patients who did not. CONCLUSION Synthetic materials may safely be used in the emergency management of incarcerated and strangulated groin and abdominal wall hernias in patients with or without organ resection, although they cannot formally be recommended due to the limited number of cases of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamer Tomaoglu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Okmen
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shahrestani S, Strickland BA, Micko A, Brown NJ, Zada G. Management of acute subdural hematoma in incarcerated patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 201:106441. [PMID: 33360952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incarcerated patients have been documented to have higher rates of mental illness, substance abuse disorders, trauma, and chronic illnesses compared to non-incarcerated populations. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of subdural hematoma (SDH) in incarcerated patients and compared the outcomes of these patients to those of non-incarcerated patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of incarcerated patients admitted to a hospital with acute SDH using the Nationwide Readmissions Database between 2016-2017. Nearest-neighbor propensity score matching for demographics was implemented to identify non-incarcerated control patients admitted with SDH. Analysis used chi-squared testing, Mann-Whitney U testing, and generalized binomial regression modeling. RESULTS A total of 962 incarcerated and non-incarcerated patients were identified at primary admission. No significant difference was found between the two cohorts with regards to rates of neurosurgical complications or readmissions. Incarcerated patients were found to receive a significantly lower number of procedures, including respiratory ventilation, intubation, central venous line placement, and imaging, during their primary admission (NPR = 2.7 ± 4.0) compared to non-incarcerated patients (NPR = 3.9 ± 4.9) (p = 0.00050), reduced length of stay (p = 0.0052), and reduced hospital costs (p = 0.00026) compared to non-incarcerated patients. Furthermore, female incarcerated patients with SDH had significantly worse outcomes compared to male patients with SDH, including higher rates of mortality (p = 0.0017) and 30-day readmission rates (p = 0.041). DISCUSSION Our study suggests that incarcerated patients may receive significantly fewer diagnostic and supportive procedures while admitted for SDH and may be discharged sooner than non-incarcerated patients with SDH. In addition, outcomes following SDH within incarcerated patients may be significantly worse for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Shahrestani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Ben A Strickland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Micko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nolan J Brown
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chan J, Kaba F, Schwartz J, Bocour A, Akiyama MJ, Rosner Z, Winters A, Yang P, MacDonald R. The hepatitis C virus care cascade in the New York City jail system during the direct acting antiviral treatment era, 2014-2017. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 27:100567. [PMID: 33150329 PMCID: PMC7599312 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High patient turnover presents challenges and opportunity to provide hepatitis C virus (HCV) care in US jails (remand facilities). This study describes the HCV care cascade in the New York City (NYC) jail system during the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment era. METHODS Patients admitted to the NYC jail system from January 2014 through December 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort analysis. We describe rates of screening, diagnosis, linkage to jail-based care, and treatment among the overall cohort, and among subgroups with long jail stays (≥120 days) or frequent stays (≥10 admissions). The study protocol was approved by a third-party institutional review board (BRANY, Lake Success, NY). FINDINGS Among the 121,371 patients in our analysis, HCV screening was performed in 40,219 (33%), 4665 (12%) of whom were viremic, 1813 (39%) seen by an HCV clinician in jail, and 248 (5% of viremic patients) started on treatment in jail. Having a long stay (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 8·11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6·98, 9·42) or frequent stays (aRR 1·51, 95% CI 1·04, 2·18) were significantly associated with being seen by an HCV clinician. Patients with long stays had a higher rate of treatment (14% of viremic patients). Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks was achieved in 147/164 (90%) of patients with available virologic data. INTERPRETATION Jail health systems can reach large numbers of HCV-infected individuals. The high burden of HCV argues for universal screening in jail settings. Length of stay was strongly associated with being seen by an HCV clinician in jail. Treatment is feasible among those with longer lengths of stay. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Chan
- Correctional Health Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, 55 Water Street, 18th floor, New York, NY 10041, United States
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Fatos Kaba
- Correctional Health Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, 55 Water Street, 18th floor, New York, NY 10041, United States
| | - Jessie Schwartz
- Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Viral Hepatitis Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, United States
| | - Angelica Bocour
- Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Viral Hepatitis Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, United States
| | - Matthew J Akiyama
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1621 Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Zachary Rosner
- Correctional Health Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, 55 Water Street, 18th floor, New York, NY 10041, United States
| | - Ann Winters
- Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Viral Hepatitis Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, United States
| | - Patricia Yang
- Correctional Health Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, 55 Water Street, 18th floor, New York, NY 10041, United States
| | - Ross MacDonald
- Correctional Health Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, 55 Water Street, 18th floor, New York, NY 10041, United States
- Corresponding authors.
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Sharma D, Katsnelson J, Nwachuku E, Kolff J. The De Garengeot hernia: A case report of an unusual presentation of appendicitis. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 76:46-48. [PMID: 33010614 PMCID: PMC7530210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DeGarengeot hernia is still defined as a rare entity in the literature. There is no uniform consensus on surgical management of this rare entity. Surgical management can be tailored on a case-by-case basis.
Introduction A De Garengeot hernia is defined by a femoral hernia containing the appendix. Acute appendicitis within a femoral hernia is an extremely rare surgical presentation and occurs in only 0.08–0.013% of cases as cited by the literature. Presentation of case A 64-year-old female presented to the Emergency Department of our hospital with acute onset of a right-sided groin bulge that occurred earlier that day after doing heavy lifting. Her workup revealed acute appendicitis contained within an incarcerated right femoral hernia. The patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy with open femoral hernia repair. Intraoperatively, the appendiceal tip was incarcerated within the hernia sac. It was removed through the open inguinal incision after the appendix base was divided laparoscopically. Final pathology showed inflamed acute appendicitis without evidence for neoplasm. Discussion Physicians should be aware of the rare entity of an unusual presentation of appendicitis as well as surgical options for treatment. The literature does not conclude upon a gold standard for method of approach. Conclusion De Garengeot hernia remains a rare and unusual surgical presentation of femoral hernia, and complication of the case by incarceration leading to acute appendicitis provides a challenging surgical approach which should be individualized to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davek Sharma
- Department of General Surgery, Abington Hospital, Jefferson Health, 1200 Old York Rd., Abington, PA, 19001, United States.
| | - Jacob Katsnelson
- Department of General Surgery, Abington Hospital, Jefferson Health, 1200 Old York Rd., Abington, PA, 19001, United States.
| | - Emmanuel Nwachuku
- Department of General Surgery, Abington Hospital, Jefferson Health, 1200 Old York Rd., Abington, PA, 19001, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Kolff
- Department of General Surgery, Abington Hospital, Jefferson Health, 1200 Old York Rd., Abington, PA, 19001, United States.
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East B, Pawlak M, de Beaux AC. A manual reduction of hernia under analgesia/sedation (Taxis) in the acute inguinal hernia: a useful technique in COVID-19 times to reduce the need for emergency surgery-a literature review. Hernia 2020; 24:937-41. [PMID: 32472464 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-020-02227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute IH is a common surgical presentation. Despite new guidelines being published recently, a number of important questions remained unanswered including the role of taxis, as initial non-operative management. This is particularly relevant now due to the possibility of a lack of immediate surgical care as a result of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to assess the role of taxis in the management of emergency inguinal hernias. METHODS A review of the literature was undertaken. Available literature published until March 2019 was obtained and reviewed. 32,021 papers were identified, only 9 were of sufficient value to be used. RESULTS There was a large discrepancy in the terminology of incarcerated/strangulated used. Taxis can be safely attempted early after the onset of symptoms and is effective in about 70% of patients. The possibility of reduction en-mass should be kept in mind. Definitive surgery to repair the hernia can be delayed by weeks until such time as surgery can be safely arranged. CONCLUSIONS The use of taxis in emergency inguinal hernia is a useful first line of treatment in areas or situations where surgical care is not immediately available, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency surgery remains the mainstay of management in the strangulated hernia setting.
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Stein L, Martin R, Clair-Michaud M, Lebeau R, Hurlbut W, Kahler CW, Monti PM, Rohsenow D. A randomized clinical trial of motivational interviewing plus skills training vs. Relaxation plus education and 12-Steps for substance using incarcerated youth: Effects on alcohol, marijuana and crimes of aggression. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 207:107774. [PMID: 31927162 PMCID: PMC7316199 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motivational Interviewing plus Cognitive Behavior Therapy (MI/CBT) has been used to reduce adolescent substance use, but has rarely been applied in youth correctional settings. This trial compared MI/CBT against Relaxation Training plus Substance-Education/12-Steps (RT/SET) to reduce substance use and crime among incarcerated youth. METHODS Participants (N = 199) were incarcerated juveniles (64.8 % non-White, 10.1 % girls, mean age of 17.1 years). Two individual sessions of MI (or RT) were followed by 10 group sessions of CBT (or SET). Youth were randomized to condition with follow-ups at 3- and 6-months after release. Major outcomes included alcohol, marijuana and crimes involving aggression. RESULTS A marginal treatment by time interaction was found for percent heavy drinking days, with follow-up tests indicating less alcohol use in RT/SET than MI/CBT at 6 months, and increased use within MI/CBT from 3 to 6 months. A significant treatment by time interaction was found for alcohol-related predatory aggression, with follow-up tests indicating fewer youth engaged in this behavior from 3 to 6 months within RT/SET, and weak evidence favoring MI/CBT over RT/SET at 3 months. General predatory aggression decreased from 3 to 6-months for both treatments. CONCLUSIONS Although weak evidence was found favoring MI/CBT with respect to alcohol-related predatory aggression, results generally support RT/SET in reducing percent heavy drinking days.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.A.R. Stein
- Department of Psychology, The University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881,Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912,Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912,Rhode Island Training School, 300 New London Avenue, Cranston, RI 02920,Corresponding Author:
| | - Rosemarie Martin
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912
| | | | - Rebecca Lebeau
- Rhode Island Executive Office of Health & Human Services, 3 West Road, Cranston, RI 02920
| | - Warren Hurlbut
- Administration of Justice, Salve Regina University, 100 Ochre Street, Newport, RI 02840
| | - Christopher W. Kahler
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912,Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Peter M. Monti
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Damaris Rohsenow
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912
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Abstract
Rectal prolapse is a complete protrusion of the rectum through the anal canal, which usually occurs in elderly women. Incarceration is a rare event and can be the first presentation of a rectal prolapse. We present the case of a 54-year-old male patient who presented with incarceration and was managed successfully with Altemeier's procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Pandit
- Associate Professor, Surgical Gastroenterology Division, Department of Surgery, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - Tek Narayan Yadav
- Senior Resident, Surgical Gastroenterology Division, Department of Surgery, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - Laligen Awale
- Associate Professor, Surgical Gastroenterology Division, Department of Surgery, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
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Sharma R, Suneja A. Incarcerated and Transmigrated Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Managed at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of East Delhi: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2019; 69:272-278. [PMID: 31178644 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-018-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Study Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception having least number of complications. We aimed to find the incidence, risk factors and the management done for incarcerated and transmigrated intrauterine contraceptive devices at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital during past 5 years. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective analysis of 5 years (January 2013-December 2017) was done, and the case records from Medical Record Department and Family Planning Unit of our institution were analysed. Results Total number of IUCD insertions done in last 5 years (from January 2013 to December 2017) in our institution was 4557. Misplaced IUCDs requiring surgical interventions were 71 (1.6%) out of which 63 (88.7%) were incomplete perforations or embedded and 8 (11.3%) were complete perforations or transmigrated IUCDs. Transmigration sites were omentum, uterovesical fold, mesentery and bladder. Laparotomy was needed in 4 (5.6%), and 2 (2.8%) needed each laparoscopy and cystoscopy. Main risk factors identified were postpartum previous on or two caesarean sections, low parity, grade of operator and IUCD and uterocervical length discrepancy. Conclusion The risk of perforation should not be a reason to defer IUCD insertion and every effort should be made to bring down its failure and complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Amita Suneja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110095 India
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Harris AM, Chokoshvili O, Biddle J, Turashvili K, Japaridze M, Burjanadze I, Tsertsvadze T, Sharvadze L, Karchava M, Talakvadze A, Chakhnashvili K, Demurishvili T, Sabelashvili P, Foster M, Hagan L, Butsashvili M, Morgan J, Averhoff F. An evaluation of the hepatitis C testing, care and treatment program in the country of Georgia's corrections system, December 2013 - April 2015. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:466. [PMID: 32326938 PMCID: PMC6696696 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The country of Georgia has a high burden of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and prisoners are disproportionately affected. During 2013, a novel program offering no cost screening and treatment of HCV infection for eligible prisoners was launched. METHODS The HCV treatment program implemented a voluntary opt-in anti-HCV testing policy to all prisoners. Anti-HCV positive persons received HCV RNA and genotype testing. Transient elastography was also performed on prisoners with positive HCV RNA results. Prisoners with chronic HCV infection who had ≥F2 Metavir stage for liver fibrosis and a prison sentence ≥ 6 months were eligible for interferon-based treatment, which was the standard treatment prior to 2015. We conducted an evaluation of the HCV treatment program among prisoners from the program's inception in December 2013 through April 2015 by combining data from personal interviews with corrections staff, prisoner data in the corrections database, and HCV-specific laboratory information. RESULTS Of an estimated 30,000 prisoners who were incarcerated at some time during the evaluation period, an estimated 13,500 (45%) received anti-HCV screening, of whom 5175 (38%) tested positive. Of these, 3840 (74%) received HCV RNA testing, 2730 (71%) tested positive, and 880 (32%) met treatment eligibility. Of these, 585 (66%) enrolled; 405 (69%) completed treatment, and 202 (50%) achieved a sustained virologic response at least 12 weeks after treatment completion. CONCLUSIONS HCV infection prevalence among Georgian prisoners was high. Despite challenges, we determined HCV treatment within Georgian Ministry of Correction facilities was feasible. Efforts to address HCV infection among prison population is one important component of HCV elimination in Georgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Harris
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS: G37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Otar Chokoshvili
- Infectious diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Joshua Biddle
- Hubert Fellowship, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Maia Japaridze
- Global Disease Detection, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Irma Burjanadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Ministry of Labour Health and Social Affairs (MoLHSA) of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tengiz Tsertsvadze
- Infectious diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lali Sharvadze
- Infectious diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marine Karchava
- Infectious diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Monique Foster
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS: G37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Liesl Hagan
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS: G37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | | | - Juliette Morgan
- Global Disease Detection, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Francisco Averhoff
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS: G37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
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Abstract
Lumbar hernia is a rare condition in which intra or extraperitoneal tissue protrudes through a defect in the posterolateral region of the flank. Incarceration is uncommon but represents a surgical emergency when present. A 54-year-old-male presented to the ED after sudden onset left flank pain after coughing. He was in significant distress secondary to pain and vomiting, and his physical exam revealed a tender mass in his left lateral lumbar region near the site of a previous stab wound. Bedside ultrasound revealed a fluid-filled structure, and CT scan demonstrated herniation of small bowel though the inferior lumbar triangle with associated small bowel obstruction. The patient underwent emergent surgical reduction with mesh repair and recovered uneventfully. Incarcerated lumbar hernia represents a rare diagnosis that may not be at the forefront of most practitioners' differential diagnoses. CT scan is useful to distinguish hernia from solid mass, abscess, or other pathology, while bedside ultrasound may prompt an attempt at immediate reduction. The presence of incarcerated bowel or obstruction warrants immediate surgical consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran R Pang
- Transitional Year Residency, Ascension St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 5000 W. Chambers St., Milwaukee, WI 53210, United States of America
| | - Andrew L Makowski
- Emergency Department Attending, Ascension St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 5000 W. Chambers St., Milwaukee, WI 53210, United States of America.
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Liu J, Chen J, Shen Y. The results of open preperitoneal prosthetic mesh repair for acutely incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia: a retrospective study of 146 cases. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:47-52. [PMID: 30945058 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tension-free hernia repair has been regarded as the gold-standard treatment for selected inguinal hernias, but the use of prosthetic mesh in acutely incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernias is controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of open prosthetic mesh repairs for emergency inguinal hernias. METHODS Patients with acutely incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernias who underwent open preperitoneal prosthetic mesh repairs during 2013 to 2016 at our department were included. Patients' characteristics, operative details, results, and complications were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS During a 4-year period, 146 cases who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. There were 127 males and 19 females of median age 75 years (range 19-95 years). The hernia was indirect inguinal in 104 (71.2%) patients, direct inguinal in 18 (12.3%), and femoral hernia in 24 (16.5%). Bowel resection was necessary in 20 patients (13.7%). Complications occurred in 15 (10.3%) patients, including wound infection in 6 (4.1%), scrotal hematoma in 2 (1.4%), bleeding in 1 (0.7%), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 2 (1.4%), and chest infection in 4 (2.7%). No mesh-related infections were detected. There were 2 mortalities. During the median follow-up of 26 months (range 6-53 months) 2 recurrences occurred, but there were no deaths or further infections. CONCLUSION Open preperitoneal prosthetic mesh repair can be safely performed in patients with incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia without contaminated hernia content. Mesh repair is not contraindicated in patients with bowel resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Yingmo Shen
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China.
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Morrison M, Pettus-Davis C, Renn T, Veeh C, Weatherly C. What Trauma Looks Like for Incarcerated Men: A Study of Men's Lifetime Trauma Exposure in Two State Prisons. J Trauma Stress Disord Treat 2019; 8:192. [PMID: 32704504 PMCID: PMC7377264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While it is understood that high rates of trauma exposure are common among incarcerated male populations, there is limited data on the nature of the trauma exposure. This study sought to develop foundational knowledge about the trauma experiences of incarcerated men in order to provide a basis for further theory building in this area. METHOD This study used a quantitative-qualitative approach to examine the trauma histories of a randomly selected sample of 67 men incarcerated in the Missouri Department of Corrections. RESULTS The analyses revealed several patterns among study participants, including near universal trauma exposure in adolescence with the most frequent exposures involving witnessing or being proximate to violent deaths of family and friends. The mean age of exposure for all trauma exposure types measured was 17 years old. We found that for this group of incarcerated men, trauma exposures in childhood tended to result more from community violence than child maltreatment (e.g., abuse and neglect by caregivers). CONCLUSION The study results suggested that further research may be needed into the effects of close proximity to violent death during this particular window in adolescent development. Neuroscience research has shown that this is a "sensitive period" in brain development with potential negative outcomes in early adulthood, including emotional regulation deficits that can potentially lead to increased risk of arrest. Further research on trauma exposure within this population is needed both to appropriately serve men while in prison or in the process of reentering society and to support efforts to reduce mass incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morrison
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Missouri, USA
| | - C Pettus-Davis
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Florida, USA
| | - T Renn
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Florida, USA
| | - C Veeh
- School of Social Work, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - C Weatherly
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women in prisons are recognised as a marginalised group. However, there is a limited understanding of the women's unique maternity needs and how correctional institutions and maternity service providers respond to these needs. AIM The aims of the review are threefold. METHOD An integrative literature review was undertaken. A comprehensive search strategy using seven electronic databases resulted in the retrieval of 363 articles. Of them, 32 peer-reviewed studies met the final selection criteria and were included in this review which utilised the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flowchart. Thematic analysis identified universal themes. FINDINGS Three dominant themes emerged related to the experience of pregnant women in prison: (1) risks and vulnerability factors; (2) prison enablers and supports; and (3) prison barriers. Extant research on risks and vulnerability factors is disproportionate to research examining how prisons can enable or obstruct responding to the women's perinatal needs. Limited research on the midwifery support available to the women in prison is available. Significantly, only two out of 32 reviewed papers include research directly conducted with the pregnant women in prison. CONCLUSION Pregnant women in prisons have complex needs. More research is required to understand how prisons can enhance the pregnancy experience by engaging pregnant women in prisons as research participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Baldwin
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, 6 Finsbury Place, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia.
| | - Agnieszka Sobolewska
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, 160 Ann St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Tanya Capper
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, 160 Ann St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Jiang XM, Sun RX, Huang WH, Yu JP. Midline preperitoneal repair for incarcerated and strangulated femoral hernia. Hernia 2019; 23:323-8. [PMID: 30448913 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-018-1848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Femoral hernias constantly present as incarceration or strangulation and require emergency surgery. Incarcerated and strangulated femoral hernia repair remains challenging and controversial. The aim of our study was to analyze the efficacy of preperitoneal tension-free hernioplasty via lower abdominal midline incision for incarcerated and strangulated femoral hernia. METHODS Data of 47 patients who underwent emergency surgery for incarcerated or strangulated femoral hernias from January 2009 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical incisions, they were divided into two groups: the observation group (21 cases) had a lower abdominal midline incision, and the control group (26 cases) had a traditional inguinal incision. General data of patients, intraoperative findings, operative time and postoperative complications were compared. RESULTS Patient characteristics showed that the two groups were comparable.15 cases (31.9%) underwent intestinal resection, and 32 cases (68.1%) underwent first-stage tension-free repair in total. The rate of first-stage tension-free hernioplasty was significantly higher in the observation group (18/21, 85.7% vs 14/26 53.8%, P = 0.020). No additional incision was required in the observation group, while six cases of the control group (23.1%) had an additional incision for intestinal resection and anastomosis (P = 0.026). Mean operative time (53.6 ± 24.7 min vs 77.9 ± 36.5 min, P = 0.012) and the length of hospital stay (6.3 ± 4.2 days vs 10.3 ± 6.9 days, P = 0.020) were significantly shorter in the observation group. The time of return to normal physical activity resulted significantly reduced compared to the control group (9.2 ± 4.1 days vs 13.3 ± 6.6 days, P = 0.017). The total incidence of postoperative complication (including chronic pain, foreign body sensation, hernia recurrence, wound infection and seroma/hematomas) in the observation group was lower (14.3% vs 42.3% P = 0.037). There were two recurrences in the control group. No mesh-related infection and no mortalities in two groups. CONCLUSIONS Midline preperitoneal approach for incarcerated and strangulated femoral hernia is a convenient and effective technique. It can improve the rate of first-stage tension-free repair of incarcerated femoral hernia and allow intestinal resection through the same incision, and with lower rate of postoperative complications.
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Ayoub K, Mahli N, Dabbagh MF, Banjah B, Banjah B. Left sided Richter type obturator hernia causing intestinal obstruction: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2018; 36:1-4. [PMID: 30364664 PMCID: PMC6197568 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although relatively rare, an obturator hernia is a significant cause of intestinal obstruction. It usually occurs in emaciated elderly females. Computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose obturator hernias. Case report In this report we present a case of an elderly female who presented to the emergency department with features suggesting bowel obstruction. The patient was admitted to the hospital and was initially managed conservatively. Two days later the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy and was diagnosed with a left sided Richter type obturator hernia. The hernia was successfully reduced and the necrotic bowel was resected with end to end anastomosis. Discussion An obturator hernia is a rare type of abdominal hernias which often occurs in very thin old females. Patients with obturator hernias usually present with symptoms of acute or intermittent small bowel obstruction. Mild symptoms without abdominal pain may be due to incomplete obstruction or Richter type hernia. Computed tomography is considered the gold standard diagnostic modality for obturator hernias. An early surgical intervention is the treatment of choice. Conclusion The clinical diagnosis of an obturator hernia is often difficult due to its nonspecific symptoms and infrequent signs. Yet early diagnosis is mandatory because its delay contributes to bowel necrosis and to the poor prognosis in these patients. Surgery remains the only effective management of this condition. Obturator hernias are a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. An obturator hernia usually occurs in very thin elderly females. Obturator hernias present with symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose obturator hernias. The only management of this condition is surgery through either laparotomy or laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusay Ayoub
- Department of Surgery, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Nihad Mahli
- Department of Surgery, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Bashar Banjah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Bassel Banjah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
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Hadden KB, Puglisi L, Prince L, Aminawung JA, Shavit S, Pflaum D, Calderon J, Wang EA, Zaller N. Health Literacy Among a Formerly Incarcerated Population Using Data from the Transitions Clinic Network. J Urban Health 2018; 95:547-55. [PMID: 29943227 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Health literacy is increasingly understood to be a mediator of chronic disease self-management and health care utilization. However, there has been very little research examining health literacy among incarcerated persons. This study aimed to describe the health literacy and relevant patient characteristics in a recently incarcerated primary care patient population in 12 communities in 6 states and Puerto Rico. Baseline data were collected from 751 individuals through the national Transitions Clinic Network (TCN), a model which utilizes a community health worker (CHW) with a previous history of incarceration to engage previously incarcerated people with chronic medical diseases in medical care upon release. Participants in this study completed study measures during or shortly after their first medical visit in the TCN. Data included demographics, health-related survey responses, and a measure of health literacy, The Newest Vital Sign (NVS). Bivariate and linear regression models were fit to explore associations among health literacy and the time from release to first clinic appointment, number of emergency room visits before first clinic appointment and confidence in adhering to medication. Our study found that almost 60% of the sample had inadequate health literacy. Inadequate health literacy was associated with decreased confidence in taking medications following release and an increased likelihood of visiting the emergency department prior to primary care. Early engagement may improve health risks for this population of individuals that is at high risk of death, acute care utilization, and hospitalization following release.
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Lucas HM, Lozano CJ, Valdez LP, Manzarate R, Lumawag FAJ. A grounded theory of successful aging among select incarcerated older Filipino women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 77:96-102. [PMID: 29723782 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across the literature, impairment and disability among the older people have been associated with a decline in meeting their special needs. Failure in meeting such needs may cause deterioration of function and threaten successful aging. Accordingly, successful aging studies were carried out among males, in health care institutions, and in communities. In spite of these, the process by which successful aging is experienced by incarcerated older women remains to be a blank spot in research. AIM This study purports to describe the process by which incarcerated older Filipino women experience successful aging. METHODS Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory design was employed. Semistructured interviews were conducted among 15 purposively selected incarcerated older Filipino from a Philippine penal institution exclusive for women. Further, data gathered was reduced to field text and was analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. Finally, truthfulness and trustworthiness of the findings were established through member checking. FINDINGS The study generated "The Road to Success Model". Interestingly, five phases relative to successful aging emerged, namely: Struggling, Remotivating, Reforming, Reintegrating and Sustaining. These phases describe how select incarcerated older Filipino women undergo transformation towards successful aging. Similar to a road, each phase is considered a station where one must pass through in order to get to the destination. CONCLUSION Findings of the study serve as an impetus for structural and procedural changes in prison, with a view to providing an environment conducive to successful aging and appropriate recognition to the older prisoner's efforts to achieve successful aging.
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Abstract
Youth offending is a problem worldwide. Young people in the criminal justice system have frequently experienced adverse childhood circumstances, mental health problems, difficulties regulating emotions and poor quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions can help people manage problems resulting from these experiences, but their usefulness for youth offending populations is not clear. This review evaluated existing evidence for mindfulness-based interventions among such populations. To be included, each study used an intervention with at least one of the three core components of mindfulness-based stress reduction (breath awareness, body awareness, mindful movement) that was delivered to young people in prison or community rehabilitation programs. No restrictions were placed on methods used. Thirteen studies were included: three randomized controlled trials, one controlled trial, three pre-post study designs, three mixed-methods approaches and three qualitative studies. Pooled numbers (n = 842) comprised 99% males aged between 14 and 23. Interventions varied so it was not possible to identify an optimal approach in terms of content, dose or intensity. Studies found some improvement in various measures of mental health, self-regulation, problematic behaviour, substance use, quality of life and criminal propensity. In those studies measuring mindfulness, changes did not reach statistical significance. Qualitative studies reported participants feeling less stressed, better able to concentrate, manage emotions and behaviour, improved social skills and that the interventions were acceptable. Generally low study quality limits the generalizability of these findings. Greater clarity on intervention components and robust mixed-methods evaluation would improve clarity of reporting and better guide future youth offending prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Stewart Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Robert Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - Maggie Lawrence
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0BA UK
| | - Sally Wyke
- College of Social Science, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
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Emile SH, Elgendy H, Sakr A, Gado WA, Abdelmawla AA, Abdelnaby M, Magdy A. Outcomes following repair of incarcerated and strangulated ventral hernias with or without synthetic mesh. World J Emerg Surg 2017; 12:31. [PMID: 28729881 PMCID: PMC5516310 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-017-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of synthetic mesh for ventral hernia repair under contaminated conditions is a controversial issue due to the considerable risk of surgical site infection (SSI). This study aimed to review the outcomes of repair of incarcerated and strangulated ventral hernias with or without synthetic mesh in compliance with established clinical guidelines regarding the incidence of SSI and hernia recurrence. Methods The records of patients with complicated ventral hernias who were treated with or without synthetic mesh repair were reviewed. Variables collected included the characteristics of patients and of ventral hernias, type of repair, and incidence of SSI and recurrence. Results One hundred twenty-two patients (56 males) of a mean age of 56 years were included. Fifty-two (42.6%) and 70 (57.4%) patients presented with incarcerated and strangulated ventral hernias, respectively. Sixty-six (54%) patients were treated with on-lay mesh repair, and 56 (46%) were managed with suture repair. Twenty-one patients required bowel resection. SSI was detected in eight (6.5%) patients. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding the incidence of SSI (7.5% for mesh group vs 5.3% for suture group). Recurrence occurred in seven patients. Median follow-up period was 24 months. The suture repair group had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence than the mesh group. Diabetes mellitus, previous recurrence, and intestinal resection were significant predictors for SSI. Conclusion Following established guidelines, synthetic mesh repair of incarcerated and strangulated ventral hernias attained lower recurrence rate, comparable incidence of SSI, and higher rate of seroma formation than suture repair. Trial registration Research Registry, researchregistry1891
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Hany Emile
- General surgery department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Elgomhuoria Street, Mansoura city, Egypt
| | - Hesham Elgendy
- General surgery department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Elgomhuoria Street, Mansoura city, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Sakr
- General surgery department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Elgomhuoria Street, Mansoura city, Egypt
| | - Waleed Ahmed Gado
- General surgery department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Elgomhuoria Street, Mansoura city, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aly Abdelmawla
- General surgery department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Elgomhuoria Street, Mansoura city, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelnaby
- General surgery department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Elgomhuoria Street, Mansoura city, Egypt
| | - Alaa Magdy
- General surgery department, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospitals, Elgomhuoria Street, Mansoura city, Egypt
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Kim G, Yan So JB, Shabbir A. Totally extra-peritoneal repair for acute incarcerated femoral hernia with intestinal obstruction. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 32:16-18. [PMID: 28214396 PMCID: PMC5312649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Femoral hernias frequently present with incarceration, resulting in obstruction and strangulation. Laparoscopic groin hernia repairs have been shown in the elective setting to be an effective alternative to open repair. Acute incarceration of groin hernia with obstruction, though previously seen as a relative contraindication, has been increasingly repaired with minimally invasive techniques, with the potential benefit of avoiding the morbidity associated with a laparotomy. PRESENTATION OF CASE AND DISCUSSION We describe a case of an acutely incarcerated femoral hernia with intestinal obstruction that was repaired using the totally extra-peritoneal approach. A releasing incision was performed to facilitate reduction of hernia prior to mesh repair. Diagnostic laparoscopy through a separate incision was then performed. CONCLUSION This modification of the TEP repair technique for the acutely incarcerated and obstructed femoral hernia serves to minimise potential contamination by keeping the pre-peritoneal plane strictly separate from the intra-peritoneal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Kim
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Bok Yan So
- Senior Consultant National University Hospital, Professor of Surgery National University of Singapore, Department of Surgery, Singapore
| | - Asim Shabbir
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Vahl P, van Damme L, Doreleijers T, Vermeiren R, Colins O. The unique relation of childhood emotional maltreatment with mental health problems among detained male and female adolescents. Child Abuse Negl 2016; 62:142-150. [PMID: 27842265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that emotional maltreatment is at least as harmful as physical and sexual abuse. Notwithstanding their high occurrence among detained adolescents, the link between emotional maltreatment and mental health problems in these youths is not well researched. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the unique link between emotional maltreatment and mental health problems, with particular attention to gender differences. Well validated self-report measures of maltreatment experiences (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and mental health problems (Youth Self Report) were completed by 341 detained adolescents (156 boys, 185 girls) aged 12 to 18 years. As expected, girls reported higher levels of maltreatment experiences and internalizing and externalizing mental health problems than boys. Blockwise multiple linear regression analyses indicated that in both genders emotional abuse was uniquely and positively associated with internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, over and above the influence of other types of maltreatment. Furthermore, sexual abuse was uniquely related with internalizing problems in girls only, whereas only in boys this type of abuse was uniquely related with externalizing problems. Detained adolescents who have been the victim of emotional abuse in combination with another type of maltreatment may be the worst subgroup in terms of mental health problems. Therefore, emotional maltreatment experiences in adolescents who offend should receive more research and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vahl
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
| | - Lore van Damme
- Department of Special Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theo Doreleijers
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; VUmc de Bascule, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vermeiren
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands; VUmc de Bascule, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Colins
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about sexual and psychosocial factors associated with HIV testing among detained African American female adolescents-an understudied group at risk for HIV. METHODS 188 detained African American female adolescents completed assessments on HIV testing, sexual risk behaviors, and psychosocial factors. RESULTS Unprotected vaginal sex, history of STI-positivity or pregnancy, higher STI knowledge, and lower partner availability were associated with a higher likelihood of ever being tested for HIV. DISCUSSION HIV testing is the gateway to important services for high-risk HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents. More research is needed to address barriers and to inform programmatic changes to increase testing among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Seth
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Program Evaluation Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE; MS E-59, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Jerris Raiford
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Behavioral Sciences & Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Prevention Science Core, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Tatar C, Tüzün İS, Karşıdağ T, Kızılkaya MC, Yılmaz E. Prosthetic Mesh Repair for Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:434-40. [PMID: 27606140 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.150137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incarcerated inguinal hernia is a commonly encountered urgent surgical condition, and tension-free repair is a well-established method for the treatment of non-complicated cases. However, due to the risk of prosthetic material-related infections, the use of mesh in the repair of strangulated or incarcerated hernia has often been subject to debate. Recent studies have demonstrated that biomaterials represent suitable materials for performing urgent hernia repair. Certain studies recommend mesh repair only for cases where no bowel resection is required; other studies, however, recommend mesh repair for patients requiring bowel resection as well. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of different surgical techniques performed for strangulated hernia, and to evaluate the effect of mesh use on postoperative complications. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS This retrospective study was performed with 151 patients who had been admitted to our hospital's emergency department to undergo surgery for a diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia. The patients were divided into two groups based on the applied surgical technique. Group 1 consisted of 112 patients treated with mesh-based repair techniques, while Group 2 consisted of 39 patients treated with tissue repair techniques. Patients in Group 1 were further divided into two sub-groups: one consisting of patients undergoing bowel resection (Group 3), and the other consisting of patients not undergoing bowel resection (Group 4). RESULTS In Group 1, it was observed that eight (7.14%) of the patients had wound infections, while two (1.78%) had hematomas, four (3.57%) had seromas, and one (0.89%) had relapse. In Group 2, one (2.56%) of the patients had a wound infection, while three (7.69%) had hematomas, one (2.56%) had seroma, and none had relapses. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to wound infection, seroma, hematoma, or relapse (p>0.05). In Group 3, it was observed that one (6.7%) of the patients had wound infections, while one (6.7%) had a hematoma, one patient (6.7%) had seroma, and none had relapses. In Group 4, seven (7.2%) of the patients had wound infections, while one (1%) had a hematoma, three (3%) had seromas, and one (1%) had a relapse. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to wound infection, seroma, hematoma, or relapse (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In urgent groin hernia repair surgeries, polypropylene mesh can be safely used even in the patients undergoing bowel resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihad Tatar
- Department of General Surgery, Besni State Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - İshak Sefa Tüzün
- Department of General Surgery, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Karşıdağ
- Department of General Surgery, Ataşehir Memorial Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Erdem Yılmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Çekirge State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Pelligrino N, Zaitzow BH, Sothern M, Scribner R, Phillippi S. Incarcerated Black Women in the Southern USA: A Narrative Review of STI and HIV Risk and Implications for Future Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 4:9-18. [PMID: 26823063 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Incarcerated black women in the southern USA are understudied despite the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These incarceration and health disparities are rooted in centuries of historically inequitable treatment. Amidst the current dialogue on mass incarceration in the south and its relationship to the health of the black community, individual and environmental risk factors for STI/HIV transmission are seldom paired with discussions of evidence-based solutions. A narrative review of the literature from January 1995 to May 2015 was conducted. This sample of the literature (n = 18) revealed that partner concurrency, inconsistent condom use, sex work, previous STI, and drug abuse augmented individual STI/HIV risk. Recommended interventions include those which promote healthier relationships, cultural competence, and gender specificity, as well as those that enhance prevention skills. Policy recommendations include improving cultural sensitivity, cultural competence, and cultural humility training for clinicians, as well as substantially increasing funding for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitative services. These recommendations are timely given the recent national attention to incarceration, STI, and HIV disparities, particularly in the southern USA.
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Beecher SM, O'Leary DP, McLaughlin R. Metastatic ovarian carcinoma presenting as an incarcerated femoral hernia. Int J Surg Case Rep 2015; 11:53-55. [PMID: 25931301 PMCID: PMC4446680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Occasionally unusual abdominal structures may be found within the hernia sacs. Abdominal malignancies have the potential to seed any part of the peritoneum. Surgeons should be vigilant where there is a known intra-abdominal malignancy & the presence of an incarcerated hernia.
Introduction Incarcerated femoral hernias usually contain a simple loop of bowel. Occasionally other abdominal structures may be found within the hernial sac. Rarely femoral hernias may contain metastatic tumour deposits. Presentation of case We report the case of an 82 year old lady with a background of ovarian carcinoma, who presented with acute small bowel obstruction and an irreducible right groin mass. CT imaging revealed an incarcerated loop of small bowel within a femoral hernia sac. The patient proceeded to theatre for hernia repair. Upon opening the hernial sac an adherent incarcerated small bowel loop was discovered. Interestingly, the sac itself was lined with metastatic deposits, which were later histologically proven to be ovarian in origin. The sac was reduced and the hernia was repaired. The patient’s post-operative course was uneventful. Discussion As abdominal wall hernias communicate with the abdominal cavity there is the potential for malignant cells to seed the peritoneal lining of the hernia sac. If the sac also contains bowel wall, this may become involved in the tumour mass. This may result in small bowel incarceration & obstruction. Conclusion In cases, where there is a known intra-abdominal malignancy & the presence of an incarcerated hernia, there should be a high index of suspicion for the presence of tumour within the hernial contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Beecher
- Department of Surgery, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | | | - Ray McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Tinoco-González J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) presenting as a groin mass mimicking and incarcerated hernia. Int J Surg Case Rep 2014; 6C:166-8. [PMID: 25544483 PMCID: PMC4347961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical suspicion of an incarcerated inguinal hernia it is clear that exploration of the hernial sac is obligatory. GIST is a rare entity within an inguinal hernia. Imatinib is the treatment choice for GIST.
Introduction The contents of a hernial sac can harbor preperitoneal fat, epiploon or some hollow viscera, with a malignant lesion in its interior being an unusual finding. Presentation of case We present the case of a 59 year-old male who arrived in the Emergency Department with an irreducible inguinal hernia, with no local signs of vascular compromise. The diagnosis was made after examining the hernia sac, using an inguinal approach, showing evidence of a largely necrosed gelatinous mass, which was resected by mid-line infraumbilical laparotomy. The mass was diagnosed as a high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Discussion GIST are characterized by the absence of symptoms in most cases. The unusual presentation, as incarcerated hernia, allowed the diagnosis of this disease. The tumor measured 6 cm with a mitotic index greater than 5/50 CGA tumor is classified as high risk. The finding of a thickened peritoneum proceeded to opening. The exploration of the sac is critical. Conclusions Exploring the hernia sac in any complicated hernia, especially when the sac has macroscopic alterations and presence of areas of bleeding inside is essential.
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