51
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Accogli A, Scala M, Pavanello M, Severino M, Gandolfo C, De Marco P, Musacchia F, Torella A, Pinelli M, Nigro V, Capra V. Sinus pericranii, skull defects, and structural brain anomalies in TRAF7-related disorder. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1085-1092. [PMID: 32459067 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several somatic mutations in TRAF7 have been reported in cancers, whereas a few germline heterozygous mutations have been recently linked to a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by craniofacial dysmorphisms, congenital heart defects, and digital anomalies. CASES We report two subjects harboring de novo heterozygous missense variants in TRAF7, namely the recurrent 1964G>A(p.Arg655Gln) and the novel missense c.1204C>G(p.Leu402Val) variants. In addition to the typical hallmarks of the TRAF7-related disorder, both subjects presented with a recognizable "pear-shaped" skull due to multiple craniosynostosis, sinus pericranii, skull base/cranio-cervical junction anomalies, dysgyria, and inferior cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Hence, we expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of this neurodevelopmental disorder, discussing possible implications for clinical management of subjects with germline TRAF7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- UOC Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Gandolfo
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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52
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Carvill GL, Helbig KL, Myers CT, Scala M, Huether R, Lewis S, Kruer TN, Guida BS, Bakhtiari S, Sebe J, Tang S, Stickney H, Oktay SU, Bhandiwad AA, Ramsey K, Narayanan V, Feyma T, Rohena LO, Accogli A, Severino M, Hollingsworth G, Gill D, Depienne C, Nava C, Sadleir LG, Caruso PA, Lin AE, Jansen FE, Koeleman B, Brilstra E, Willemsen MH, Kleefstra T, Sa J, Mathieu ML, Perrin L, Lesca G, Striano P, Casari G, Scheffer IE, Raible D, Sattlegger E, Capra V, Padilla-Lopez S, Mefford HC, Kruer MC. Damaging de novo missense variants in EEF1A2 lead to a developmental and degenerative epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1263-1279. [PMID: 32196822 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous de novo variants in the eukaryotic elongation factor EEF1A2 have previously been described in association with intellectual disability and epilepsy but never functionally validated. Here we report 14 new individuals with heterozygous EEF1A2 variants. We functionally validate multiple variants as protein-damaging using heterologous expression and complementation analysis. Our findings allow us to confirm multiple variants as pathogenic and broaden the phenotypic spectrum to include dystonia/choreoathetosis, and in some cases a degenerative course with cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Pathogenic variants appear to act via a haploinsufficiency mechanism, disrupting both the protein synthesis and integrated stress response functions of EEF1A2. Our studies provide evidence that EEF1A2 is highly intolerant to variation and that de novo pathogenic variants lead to an epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy with both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features. Developmental features may be driven by impaired synaptic protein synthesis during early brain development while progressive symptoms may be linked to an impaired ability to handle cytotoxic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Carvill
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Candace T Myers
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Pediatric Neurology & Muscular Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Robert Huether
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Sara Lewis
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.,Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tyler N Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.,Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Brandon S Guida
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.,Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.,Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Joy Sebe
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sha Tang
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Heather Stickney
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sehribani Ulusoy Oktay
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashwin A Bhandiwad
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Timothy Feyma
- Department of Neurology, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Luis O Rohena
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Department of Pediatric Neurology & Muscular Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Georgina Hollingsworth
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Austin Health Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deepak Gill
- Ty Nelson Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM UMR 975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- INSERM UMR 975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lynette G Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington South, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Caruso
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bobby Koeleman
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Brilstra
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joaquim Sa
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marie-Laure Mathieu
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Laurine Perrin
- Department of Paediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Bellevue, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- CRNL Inserm U1028-CNRS UMR5292-Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Pediatric Neurology & Muscular Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Casari
- Department of Pediatric Neurology & Muscular Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Austin Health Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Raible
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Evelyn Sattlegger
- School of Natural & Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Pediatric Neurology & Muscular Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Padilla-Lopez
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.,Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.,Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Neurology and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
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53
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Serey-Gaut M, Scala M, Reversade B, Ruaud L, Cabrol C, Musacchia F, Torella A, Accogli A, Escande-Beillard N, Langlais J, Piatelli G, Consales A, Nigro V, Capra V, Van Maldergem L. Congenital posterior cervical spine malformation due to biallelic c.240-4T>G RIPPLY2 variant: A discrete entity. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1466-1472. [PMID: 32212228 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The clinical and radiological spectrum of spondylocostal dysostosis syndromes encompasses distinctive costo-vertebral anomalies. RIPPLY2 biallelic pathogenic variants were described in two distinct cervical spine malformation syndromes: Klippel-Feil syndrome and posterior cervical spine malformation. RIPPLY2 is involved in the determination of rostro-caudal polarity and somite patterning during development. To date, only four cases have been reported. The current report aims at further delineating the posterior malformation in three new patients. Three patients from two unrelated families underwent clinical and radiological examination through X-ray, 3D computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. After informed consent was obtained, family-based whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Complex vertebral segmentation defects in the cervico-thoracic spine were observed in all patients. WES led to the identification of the homozygous splicing variant c.240-4T>G in all subjects. This variant is predicted to result in aberrant splicing of Exon 4. The current report highlights a subtype of cervical spine malformation with major atlo-axoidal malformation compromising spinal cord integrity. This distinctive mutation-specific pattern of malformation differs from Klippel-Feil syndrome and broadens the current classification, defining a sub-type of RIPPLY2-related skeletal disorder. Of note, the phenotype of one patient overlaps with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Serey-Gaut
- Centre de génétique humaine, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Human Embryology and Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lyse Ruaud
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de génétique clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Cabrol
- Centre de génétique humaine, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nathalie Escande-Beillard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jean Langlais
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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54
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De Mori R, Severino M, Mancardi MM, Anello D, Tardivo S, Biagini T, Capra V, Casella A, Cereda C, Copeland BR, Gagliardi S, Gamucci A, Ginevrino M, Illi B, Lorefice E, Musaev D, Stanley V, Micalizzi A, Gleeson JG, Mazza T, Rossi A, Valente EM. Agenesis of the putamen and globus pallidus caused by recessive mutations in the homeobox gene GSX2. Brain 2019; 142:2965-2978. [PMID: 31412107 PMCID: PMC6776115 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia are subcortical grey nuclei that play essential roles in controlling voluntary movements, cognition and emotion. While basal ganglia dysfunction is observed in many neurodegenerative or metabolic disorders, congenital malformations are rare. In particular, dysplastic basal ganglia are part of the malformative spectrum of tubulinopathies and X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia, but neurodevelopmental syndromes characterized by basal ganglia agenesis are not known to date. We ascertained two unrelated children (both female) presenting with spastic tetraparesis, severe generalized dystonia and intellectual impairment, sharing a unique brain malformation characterized by agenesis of putamina and globi pallidi, dysgenesis of the caudate nuclei, olfactory bulbs hypoplasia, and anomaly of the diencephalic-mesencephalic junction with abnormal corticospinal tract course. Whole-exome sequencing identified two novel homozygous variants, c.26C>A; p.(S9*) and c.752A>G; p.(Q251R) in the GSX2 gene, a member of the family of homeobox transcription factors, which are key regulators of embryonic development. GSX2 is highly expressed in neural progenitors of the lateral and median ganglionic eminences, two protrusions of the ventral telencephalon from which the basal ganglia and olfactory tubercles originate, where it promotes neurogenesis while negatively regulating oligodendrogenesis. The truncating variant resulted in complete loss of protein expression, while the missense variant affected a highly conserved residue of the homeobox domain, was consistently predicted as pathogenic by bioinformatic tools, resulted in reduced protein expression and caused impaired structural stability of the homeobox domain and weaker interaction with DNA according to molecular dynamic simulations. Moreover, the nuclear localization of the mutant protein in transfected cells was significantly reduced compared to the wild-type protein. Expression studies on both patients' fibroblasts demonstrated reduced expression of GSX2 itself, likely due to altered transcriptional self-regulation, as well as significant expression changes of related genes such as ASCL1 and PAX6. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed a global deregulation in genes implicated in apoptosis and immunity, two broad pathways known to be involved in brain development. This is the first report of the clinical phenotype and molecular basis associated to basal ganglia agenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Mori
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Danila Anello
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Tardivo
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Postgenomic Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Brett R Copeland
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla (CA), USA
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Postgenomic Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamucci
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Lorefice
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla (CA), USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla (CA), USA
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla (CA), USA
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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55
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Capra V, Iacomino M, Accogli A, Pavanello M, Zara F, Cama A, De Marco P. Chiari malformation type I: what information from the genetics? Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1665-1671. [PMID: 31385087 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chiari malformation type I (CMI), a rare disorder of the craniocerebral junction with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1280, is characterized by the downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils of at least 5 mm through the foramen magnum, resulting in significant neurologic morbidity. Classical CMI is thought to be caused by an underdeveloped occipital bone, resulting in a posterior cranial fossa which is too small to accommodate the normal-sized cerebellum. In this review, we dissect the lines of evidence supporting a genetic contribution for this disorder. METHODS We present the results of two types of approaches: animal models and human studies encompassing different study designs such as whole genome linkage analysis, case-control association studies, and expression studies. The update of the literature also includes the most recent findings emerged by whole exome sequencing strategy. RESULTS Despite evidence for a genetic component, no major genes have been identified and the genetics of CMI is still very much unknown. One major challenge is the variability of clinical presentation within CMI patient population that reflects an underlying genetic heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the genes that contribute to the etiology of CMI will provide an important step to the understanding of the underlying pathology. The finding of a predisposing gene may lead to the development of simple and accurate diagnostic tests for better prognosis, counseling, and clinical management of patients and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Capra
- UOC Neurochirurgia, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- UOC Neurochirurgia, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.,UOSD Laboratorio Neurogenetica e Neuroscienze, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- UOC Neurochirurgia, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- UOSD Laboratorio Neurogenetica e Neuroscienze, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Cama
- UOC Neurochirurgia, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- UOSD Laboratorio Neurogenetica e Neuroscienze, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, v. G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
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56
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Scala M, Morana G, Sementa AR, Merla G, Piatelli G, Capra V, Pavanello M. Aggressive desmoid fibromatosis in Kabuki syndrome: Expanding the tumor spectrum. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27831. [PMID: 31131956 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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57
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Scala M, Traverso M, Capra V, Vari MS, Severino M, Grossi S, Zara F, Striano P, Minetti C. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease due to PLP1 Frameshift Mutation in a Female with Nonrandom Skewed X-Chromosome Inactivation. Neuropediatrics 2019; 50:268-270. [PMID: 31137068 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Neuroradiology Unit, Neuroscience Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Grossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biobank, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Shaheen R, Mark P, Prevost CT, AlKindi A, Alhag A, Estwani F, Al-Sheddi T, Alobeid E, Alenazi MM, Ewida N, Ibrahim N, Hashem M, Abdulwahab F, Bryant EM, Spinelli E, Millichap J, Barnett SS, Kearney HM, Accogli A, Scala M, Capra V, Nigro V, Fu D, Alkuraya FS. Biallelic variants in CTU2 cause DREAM-PL syndrome and impair thiolation of tRNA wobble U34. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2108-2120. [PMID: 31301155 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The wobble position in the anticodon loop of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is subject to numerous posttranscriptional modifications. In particular, thiolation of the wobble uridine has been shown to play an important role in codon-anticodon interactions. This modification is catalyzed by a highly conserved CTU1/CTU2 complex, disruption of which has been shown to cause abnormal phenotypes in yeast, worms, and plants. We have previously suggested that a single founder splicing variant in human CTU2 causes a novel multiple congenital anomalies syndrome consisting of dysmorphic facies, renal agenesis, ambiguous genitalia, microcephaly, polydactyly, and lissencephaly (DREAM-PL). In this study, we describe five new patients with DREAM-PL phenotype and whose molecular analysis expands the allelic heterogeneity of the syndrome to five different alleles; four of which predict protein truncation. Functional characterization using patient-derived cells for each of these alleles, as well as the original founder allele; revealed a specific impairment of wobble uridine thiolation in all known thiol-containing tRNAs. Our data establish a recognizable CTU2-linked autosomal recessive syndrome in humans characterized by defective thiolation of the wobble uridine. The potential deleterious consequences for the translational efficiency and fidelity during development as a mechanism for pathogenicity represent an attractive target of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Mark
- Spectrum Health Division of Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Christopher T Prevost
- Department of Biology, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Adila AlKindi
- Genetics Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmad Alhag
- Department of Pediatrics, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Estwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Al-Sheddi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alobeid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M Alenazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Ewida
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emily M Bryant
- Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Egidio Spinelli
- Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Millichap
- Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sarah S Barnett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hutton M Kearney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Dragony Fu
- Department of Biology, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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59
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Scala M, Amadori E, Fusco L, Marchese F, Capra V, Minetti C, Vari MS, Striano P. Abnormal circadian rhythm in patients with GRIN1-related developmental epileptic encephalopathy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2019; 23:657-661. [PMID: 31176596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
GRIN1 encodes the obligate subunit (GluN1) of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr). Pathogenic variants in GRIN1 are a well-known cause of infantile encephalopathy characterized by profound developmental delay (DD), variable epileptic phenotypes, and distinctive behavioral abnormalities. Recently, GRIN1 has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of polymicrogyria (PMG). We investigated two patients presenting with severe intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, stereotyped movements, and abnormal ocular movements. They showed distinctive circadian rhythm alterations and sleep-wake patterns anomalies characterized by recurrent cyclic crying or laughing spells. Genetic analysis led to the identification of two distinct de novo variants in GRIN1 affecting the same amino acid residue of an important functional protein domain. Recent advances in circadian rhythm and sleep regulation suggest that abnormal GluN1 function might play a relevant pathogenetic role for the peculiar behavioral abnormalities observed in GRIN1 patients. Our cases highlight the relevance of circadian rhythm abnormalities in epileptic children as a clue toward GRIN1 encephalopathy and expand the complex phenotypic spectrum of this severe genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Amadori
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchese
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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60
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Tassano E, Ronchetto P, Calcagno A, Fiorio P, Gimelli G, Capra V, Scala M. 'Distal 16p12.2 microdeletion' in a patient with autosomal recessive deafness-22. J Genet 2019; 98:56. [PMID: 31204719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 16p12.2 chromosome band contains three large segmental duplications: BP1, BP2 and BP3, providing a substrate for recombination and recurrent chromosomal rearrangements. The '16p12.2 microdeletion' is a recurrent deletion comprised between BP2 and BP3, associated with variable clinical findings. We identified a heterozygous 16p12.2 microdeletion spanning between BP1 and BP2 in a child evaluated for short stature and mild dyslexia. Unexpectedly, the mother carried the same deletion in the homozygous state and suffered from severe hearing loss. Detailed family history revealed consanguinity of the maternal grandparents. The 16p12.2 microdeletion is a rare condition and contains only three genes: METTL9, IGSF6 and OTOA of which the OTOA is considered responsible for DFNB22 hearing loss (MIM: 607039) under its homozygous condition. A number of OTOA mutations have been described, whereas very few cases of a 16p12.2 microdeletion similar to that observed in our family have been reported. In conclusion, we describe a rare 'distal 16p12.2microdeletion' widening the phenotypic spectrum associated with the recurrent 16p12.2 microdeletion and support the causative role of OTOA microdeletion in hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tassano
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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61
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Scala M, Torella A, Severino M, Morana G, Castello R, Accogli A, Verrico A, Vari MS, Cappuccio G, Pinelli M, Vitiello G, Terrone G, D'Amico A, Nigro V, Capra V. Three de novo DDX3X variants associated with distinctive brain developmental abnormalities and brain tumor in intellectually disabled females. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1254-1259. [PMID: 30936465 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo DDX3X variants account for 1-3% of syndromic intellectual disability (ID) in females and have been occasionally reported in males. Furthermore, somatic DDX3X variants occur in several aggressive cancers, including medulloblastoma. We report three unrelated females with severe ID, dysmorphic features, and a common brain malformative pattern characterized by malformations of cortical development, callosal dysgenesis, basal ganglia anomalies, and midbrain-hindbrain malformations. A pilocytic astrocytoma was incidentally diagnosed in Patient 1 and trigonocephaly was found in Patient 2. With the use of family based whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified three distinct de novo variants in DDX3X. These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of DDX3X-related disorders, demonstrating unique neuroradiological features resembling those of the tubulinopathies, and support a role for DDX3X in neuronal development. Our observations further suggest a possible link between germline DDX3X variants and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Castello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Verrico
- Neuro-oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
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62
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Scala M, Accogli A, Allegri AME, Tassano E, Severino M, Morana G, Maghnie M, Capra V. Familial ROBO1 deletion associated with ectopic posterior pituitary, duplication of the pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary hypoplasia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:95-99. [PMID: 30530901 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The genetic causes of abnormal pituitary development have been extensively studied in the last few years. ROBO1 is involved in neurogenesis and axon guidance. Loss-of-function variants in ROBO1 have been associated with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS), suggesting that its haploinsufficiency could impair the guidance of hypothalamic axons to the pituitary gland leading to developmental abnormalities. Case presentation We report a 4.5-year-old girl with anterior pituitary hypoplasia and pituitary stalk duplication in the ventral-dorsal direction. Her father had a similar pituitary phenotype, characterized by anterior pituitary hypoplasia combined with ectopic posterior pituitary. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray analysis identified a 343.7 kb deletion of 3p12.3 encompassing ROBO1 in both individuals. Conclusions We report the first familial ROBO1 deletion in two individuals with peculiar pituitary anomalies, including the rare pituitary stalk duplication in the ventral-dorsal direction. These findings widen the spectrum of the phenotypes associated with ROBO1 haploinsufficiency and support its role in human pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Tassano
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Morana
- UOC Neuroradiologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Genoa, Italy
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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63
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Bersano A, Bedini G, Nava S, Acerbi F, Sebastiano DR, Binelli S, Franceschetti S, Faragò G, Grisoli M, Gioppo A, Ferroli P, Bruzzone MG, Riva D, Ciceri E, Pantaleoni C, Saletti V, Esposito S, Nardocci N, Zibordi F, Caputi L, Marzoli SB, Zedde ML, Pavanello M, Raso A, Capra V, Pantoni L, Sarti C, Pezzini A, Caria F, Dell' Acqua ML, Zini A, Baracchini C, Farina F, Sanguigni S, De Lodovici ML, Bono G, Capone F, Di Lazzaro V, Lanfranconi S, Toscano M, Di Piero V, Sacco S, Carolei A, Toni D, Paciaroni M, Caso V, Perrone P, Calloni MV, Romani A, Cenzato M, Fratianni A, Ciusani E, Prontera P, Lasserve ET, Blecharz K, Vajkoczy P, Parati EA. GEN-O-MA project: an Italian network studying clinical course and pathogenic pathways of moyamoya disease-study protocol and preliminary results. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:561-570. [PMID: 30604336 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GENetics of mOyaMoyA (GEN-O-MA) project is a multicenter observational study implemented in Italy aimed at creating a network of centers involved in moyamoya angiopathy (MA) care and research and at collecting a large series and bio-repository of MA patients, finally aimed at describing the disease phenotype and clinical course as well as at identifying biological or cellular markers for disease progression. The present paper resumes the most important study methodological issues and preliminary results. METHODS Nineteen centers are participating to the study. Patients with both bilateral and unilateral radiologically defined MA are included in the study. For each patient, detailed demographic and clinical as well as neuroimaging data are being collected. When available, biological samples (blood, DNA, CSF, middle cerebral artery samples) are being also collected for biological and cellular studies. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients (age of onset mean ± SD 35.5 ± 19.6 years; 68.4% females) have been collected so far. 65.3% of patients presented ischemic (50%) and haemorrhagic (15.3%) stroke. A higher female predominance concomitantly with a similar age of onset and clinical features to what was reported in previous studies on Western patients has been confirmed. CONCLUSION An accurate and detailed clinical and neuroimaging classification represents the best strategy to provide the characterization of the disease phenotype and clinical course. The collection of a large number of biological samples will permit the identification of biological markers and genetic factors associated with the disease susceptibility in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Neurological Institute "C. Besta" IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gloria Bedini
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Nava
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Acerbi
- Neurosurgical Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi Sebastiano
- Neurophysiopathology Department and Epilepsy Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Binelli
- Neurophysiopathology Department and Epilepsy Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- Neurophysiopathology Department and Epilepsy Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faragò
- Diagnostic Imaging Department & Interventional Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Grisoli
- Neuroradiological Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gioppo
- Diagnostic Imaging Department & Interventional Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Neurosurgical Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Neuroradiological Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Riva
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Ciceri
- Neuroradiological Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pantaleoni
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Esposito
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nardo Nardocci
- Department of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Zibordi
- Department of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Caputi
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Neurological Institute "C. Besta" IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria Capra
- Neurosurgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- L.Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Sarti
- NEUROFARBA Department Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filomena Caria
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Dell' Acqua
- Stroke Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Civile S Agostino Estense, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- Stroke Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Civile S Agostino Estense, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Baracchini
- Stroke Unit and Neurosonology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Farina
- Stroke Unit and Neurosonology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Sandro Sanguigni
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Madonna del Soccorso, San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Bono
- Stroke Unit Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Fioravanti Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Lanfranconi
- Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Neurology Unit, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Toscano
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Di Piero
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Avezzano Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Carolei
- Department of Neurology, Avezzano Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Danilo Toni
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perrone
- Stroke Unit Legnano Hospital ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Romani
- IRCCS Foundation C. Mondino Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Cenzato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Fratianni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Tournier Lasserve
- Inserm UMR-S1161, Génétique et Physiopathologie des Maladies Cérébro-vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kinga Blecharz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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64
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Shashi V, Magiera MM, Klein D, Zaki M, Schoch K, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Norman A, Lopes Abath Neto O, Dusl M, Yuan X, Bartesaghi L, De Marco P, Alfares AA, Marom R, Arold ST, Guzmán-Vega FJ, Pena LD, Smith EC, Steinlin M, Babiker MO, Mohassel P, Foley AR, Donkervoort S, Kaur R, Ghosh PS, Stanley V, Musaev D, Nava C, Mignot C, Keren B, Scala M, Tassano E, Picco P, Doneda P, Fiorillo C, Issa MY, Alassiri A, Alahmad A, Gerard A, Liu P, Yang Y, Ertl-Wagner B, Kranz PG, Wentzensen IM, Stucka R, Stong N, Allen AS, Goldstein DB, Schoser B, Rösler KM, Alfadhel M, Capra V, Chrast R, Strom TM, Kamsteeg EJ, Bönnemann CG, Gleeson JG, Martini R, Janke C, Senderek J. Loss of tubulin deglutamylase CCP1 causes infantile-onset neurodegeneration. EMBO J 2018; 37:e100540. [PMID: 30420557 PMCID: PMC6276871 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of glutamylases and deglutamylases controls levels of tubulin polyglutamylation, a prominent post-translational modification of neuronal microtubules. Defective tubulin polyglutamylation was first linked to neurodegeneration in the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mouse, which lacks deglutamylase CCP1, displays massive cerebellar atrophy, and accumulates abnormally glutamylated tubulin in degenerating neurons. We found biallelic rare and damaging variants in the gene encoding CCP1 in 13 individuals with infantile-onset neurodegeneration and confirmed the absence of functional CCP1 along with dysregulated tubulin polyglutamylation. The human disease mainly affected the cerebellum, spinal motor neurons, and peripheral nerves. We also demonstrate previously unrecognized peripheral nerve and spinal motor neuron degeneration in pcd mice, which thus recapitulated key features of the human disease. Our findings link human neurodegeneration to tubulin polyglutamylation, entailing this post-translational modification as a potential target for drug development for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Shashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Dennis Klein
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maha Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kelly Schoch
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew Norman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St. Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Osorio Lopes Abath Neto
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marina Dusl
- Friedrich Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xidi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luca Bartesaghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ahmed A Alfares
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J Guzmán-Vega
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loren Dm Pena
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edward C Smith
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maja Steinlin
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rupleen Kaur
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha S Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Paolo Picco
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Doneda
- Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Y Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Alassiri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter G Kranz
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Rolf Stucka
- Friedrich Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Stong
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S Allen
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Genomics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai M Rösler
- Neuromuscular Centre, University Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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65
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Lemay P, De Marco P, Traverso M, Merello E, Dionne-Laporte A, Spiegelman D, Henrion É, Diallo O, Audibert F, Michaud JL, Cama A, Rouleau GA, Kibar Z, Capra V. Whole exome sequencing identifies novel predisposing genes in neural tube defects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 7:e00467. [PMID: 30415495 PMCID: PMC6382446 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTD) are among the most common defects affecting 1:1000 births. They are caused by a failure of neural tube closure during development. Their clinical presentation is diverse and dependent on the site and severity of the original defect on the embryonic axis. The etiology of NTD is multifactorial involving environmental factors and genetic variants that remain largely unknown. METHODS We have conducted a whole exome sequencing (WES) study in five new NTD families and pooled the results with WES data from three NTD families and 43 trios that were previously investigated by our group. We analyzed the data using biased candidate gene and unbiased gene burden approaches. RESULTS We identified four novel loss-of-function variants in three genes, MTHFR, DLC1, and ITGB1, previously associated with NTD. Notably, DLC1 carried two protein truncating variants in two independent cases. We also demonstrated an enrichment of variants in MYO1E involved in cytoskeletal remodeling. This enrichment reached borderline significance in a replication cohort supporting the association of this new candidate gene to NTD. CONCLUSION These data provide some key insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of human NTD and demonstrate the power of next-generation sequencing in deciphering the genetics of this complex trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lemay
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Édouard Henrion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ousmane Diallo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Audibert
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zoha Kibar
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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66
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Accogli A, Scala M, Calcagno A, Castello R, Torella A, Musacchia F, Allegri AME, Mancardi MM, Maghnie M, Severino M, Nigro V, Capra V. Novel CNS malformations and skeletal anomalies in a patient with Beaulieu-boycott-Innes syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2835-2840. [PMID: 30238602 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
THO/TREX (transcription/export) is a conserved eukaryotic complex that plays a crucial role in gene expression and prevents DNA damage during mitosis and meiosis. In mammals, TREX is essential during embryogenesis, determining stem cell fate specification by regulating posttranscriptional self-renewal and differentiation in several tissues. It is composed of a core called THO, consisting of THOC1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and additional proteins. Bi-allelic mutations in THOC6 have been associated to Beaulieu-Boycott-Innes syndrome (BBIS), a syndromic form of intellectual disability (ID). To date, nine patients harbouring homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in THOC6 have been reported. Despite the clinical heterogenity and subtle dysmorphic features in some individuals, distinctive facial features are tall forehead, short and upslanting palpebral fissures, deep set eyes, flat philtrum, and malocclusion. Nonlife threatening congenital anomalies are common, including cardiac and renal malformations, anteriorly displaced anus, cryptorchidism in males, submucous cleft palate, and corpus callosum dysgenesis. Affected patients usually have short stature, mild microcephaly, and mild to moderate ID. Here, we describe an Italian patient with BBIS, carrying two compound heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants in THOC6 (c.577C > T, p.R193* and c.792_793delCA, p.V264Vfs*48). In addition to the common phenotype, she displays cerebellar hypoplasia with severe vermian dysgenesis and hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, multiple skeletal anomalies and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Thus, we review the previous cases and discuss the phenotypic spectrum of BBIS, providing further evidence regarding the pivotal role of TREX complex in human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Calcagno
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna M E Allegri
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria M Mancardi
- UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile-Centro Epilessia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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67
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Accogli A, Scala M, Calcagno A, Napoli F, Di Iorgi N, Arrigo S, Mancardi MM, Prato G, Pisciotta L, Nagel M, Severino M, Capra V. CNNM2 homozygous mutations cause severe refractory hypomagnesemia, epileptic encephalopathy and brain malformations. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:198-203. [PMID: 30026055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) plays a crucial role in many biological processes especially in the brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Mg2+ homeostasis is regulated by intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption, involving a combination of different epithelial transport pathways. Mutations in any of these transporters result in hypomagnesemia with variable clinical presentations. Among these, CNNM2 is found along the basolateral membrane of distal tubular segments where it is involved in Mg2+ reabsorption. To date, heterozygous mutations in CNNM2 have been associated with a variable phenotype, ranging from isolated hypomagnesemia to intellectual disability and epilepsy. The only homozygous mutation reported so far, is responsible for hypomagnesemia associated with a severe neurological phenotype characterized by refractory epilepsy, microcephaly, severe global developmental delay and intellectual disability. Here, we report the second homozygous CNNM2 mutation (c.1642G > A,p.Val548Met) in a Moroccan patient, presenting with hypomagnesemia and severe epileptic encephalopathy. Thus, we review and discuss the phenotypic spectrum associated with CNNM2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Università degli studi di Genova, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Università degli studi di Genova, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Napoli
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Natascia Di Iorgi
- Università degli studi di Genova, Italy; UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Arrigo
- UOC Gastroenterologia and Endoscopia Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Prato
- UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile - Centro Epilessia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Università degli studi di Genova, Italy; UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile - Centro Epilessia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mato Nagel
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolic Disorders, Weisswasser, Germany
| | | | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
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68
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Bertamino M, Severino M, Grossi A, Rusmini M, Tortora D, Gandolfo C, Pederzoli S, Malattia C, Picco P, Striano P, Ceccherini I, Di Rocco M, Banov L, Capra V, Giacomini T, Lanteri P, Minoia F, Molinari AC, Moretti P, Moscatelli A, Vari MS, Palmieri A, Pavanello M, Prato G, Ramenghi LA, Rimini A, Rossi A, Uccella S. ABCC6 mutations and early onset stroke: Two cases of a typical Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:725-728. [PMID: 29709427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by fragmented and mineralized elastic fibers in the mid-dermis of the skin, eye, digestive tract and cardiovascular system. Clinical presentation includes typical skin lesions, ocular angioid streaks, and multisystem vasculopathy. The age of onset varies considerably from infancy to old age, but the diagnosis is usually made in young adults due to frequent absence of pathognomonic skin and ocular manifestations in early childhood. We report two children with PXE presenting with isolated multisystem vasculopathy and early-onset stroke. In the first patient, diagnosis was delayed until typical dermatologic alterations appeared; in the second patient, next-generation sequencing (NGS) study led to early diagnosis and specific follow-up, underlying the crucial role in idiopathic pediatric stroke of early genetic testing using NGS-based panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bertamino
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | - Alice Grossi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Rusmini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Gandolfo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Clara Malattia
- Rheumatology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Picco
- Rheumatology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Maja Di Rocco
- Rare Disease Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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69
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Patti G, Giaccardi M, Capra V, Napoli F, Cangemi G, Notarnicola S, Guzzetti S, Russo S, Maghnie M, Di Iorgi N. Clinical Manifestations and Metabolic Outcomes of Seven Adults With Silver-Russell Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2225-2233. [PMID: 29546330 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is little information on the long-term natural history of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). OBJECTIVE To describe the phenotypes and metabolic status in adults with SRS. DESIGN Clinical and metabolic evaluations in adults with a molecular diagnosis of SRS. PARTICIPANTS Seven patients (aged 18 to 46 years; mean age, 26.9 years) were studied. Two had chromosome 7 maternal uniparental disomy, three had 11p15 loss of methylation, and two had 11p15 duplication. SETTING Single tertiary university center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Netchine-Harbison (NH) clinical score, oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profiles, bone mineral density (BMD; lumbar spine at L1 to L4 and total body), lean body mass (LBM), absolute fat mass (kg), fat mass percentage, fat mass index (FMI), and trunk/limb fat ratio were evaluated. RESULTS The NH score declined in all but two patients during adulthood, and all patients but one displayed relative macrocephaly. Two patients were underweight, four patients had a normal body mass index, and one was obese. Two patients had glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia; two showed a high total cholesterol level with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. BMD was within the normal range, whereas a high fat mass percentage, FMI, and trunk/limb fat ratio and a low LBM were found. The trunk/limb fat ratio showed an inverse relation with HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of SRS seems to be reliable in adults, although some clinical signs become less pronounced with age. Glucose, lipids, and body composition should be monitored over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Patti
- Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marta Giaccardi
- Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurogenetics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Flavia Napoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cangemi
- Department of Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Notarnicola
- Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Natascia Di Iorgi
- Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Pisciotta L, Capra V, Accogli A, Giacomini T, Prato G, Tavares P, Pinto-Basto J, Morana G, Mancardi MM. Epileptic Encephalopathy in Adams-Oliver Syndrome Associated to a New DOCK6 Mutation: A Peculiar Behavioral Phenotype. Neuropediatrics 2018; 49:217-221. [PMID: 29631299 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is characterized by a combination of congenital scalp defects (aplasia cutis congenita) and terminal transverse limb malformations of variable severity. When neurological findings are present, patients are reported as AOS variants. We describe a child with compound heterozygosity of the DOCK6 gene, aplasia cutis, terminal transverse limb defects, cardiovascular impairment, intellectual disability, and brain malformations with intracranial calcifications. He suffers from a severe refractory epileptic encephalopathy characterized by polymorphic seizures with prolonged periods of electroencephalogram (EEG), continuous epileptiform activity related to clinical inactivity, and closure of eyes with an "ON-OFF" behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pisciotta
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Children's Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genetic Unit, Head Neck Neuroscience Department, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Genetic Unit, Head Neck Neuroscience Department, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thea Giacomini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Children's Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Prato
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Children's Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Epilepsy Centre, Head Neck Neuroscience Department, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Morana
- Neuroradiology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Epilepsy Centre, Head Neck Neuroscience Department, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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71
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Tortora D, Severino M, Pacetti M, Morana G, Mancardi MM, Capra V, Cama A, Pavanello M, Rossi A. Noninvasive Assessment of Hemodynamic Stress Distribution after Indirect Revascularization for Pediatric Moyamoya Vasculopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1157-1163. [PMID: 29674415 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Indirect revascularization surgery is an effective treatment in children with Moyamoya vasculopathy. In the present study, we hypothesized that DSC-PWI may reliably assess the evolution of CBF-related parameters after revascularization surgery, monitoring the outcome of surgical pediatric patients with Moyamoya vasculopathy. Thus, we aimed to evaluate differences in DSC-PWI parameters, including the hemodynamic stress distribution, in surgical and nonsurgical children with Moyamoya vasculopathy and to correlate them with long-term postoperative outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and postoperative DSC parameters of 28 patients (16 females; mean age, 5.5 ± 4.8 years) treated with indirect revascularization were compared with those obtained at 2 time points in 10 nonsurgical patients (6 females; mean age, 6.9 ± 4.7 years). We calculated 4 normalized CBF-related parameters and their percentage variance: mean normalized CBF of the MCA territory, mean normalized CBF of the proximal MCA territory, mean normalized CBF of cortical the MCA territory, and hemodynamic stress distribution. The relationship between perfusion parameters and postoperative outcomes (poor, fair, good, excellent) was explored using 1-way analysis of covariance (P < .05). RESULTS A significant decrease of the mean normalized CBF of the proximal MCA territory and hemodynamic stress distribution and an increase of the mean normalized CBF of the cortical MCA territory were observed after revascularization surgery (P < .001). No variations were observed in nonsurgical children. Postoperative hemodynamic stress distribution and its percentage change were significantly different in outcome groups (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS DSC-PWI indices show postoperative hemodynamic changes that correlate with clinical outcome after revascularization surgery in children with Moyamoya disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tortora
- From the Neuroradiology (D.T., M.S., G.M., A.R.)
| | - M Severino
- From the Neuroradiology (D.T., M.S., G.M., A.R.)
| | - M Pacetti
- Neurosurgery (M.P., V.C., A.C., M.P.)
| | - G Morana
- From the Neuroradiology (D.T., M.S., G.M., A.R.)
| | - M M Mancardi
- Neuropsychiatry Units (M.M.M.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Capra
- Neurosurgery (M.P., V.C., A.C., M.P.)
| | - A Cama
- Neurosurgery (M.P., V.C., A.C., M.P.)
| | | | - A Rossi
- From the Neuroradiology (D.T., M.S., G.M., A.R.)
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72
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Imperatore V, Pinto AM, Gelli E, Trevisson E, Morbidoni V, Frullanti E, Hadjistilianou T, De Francesco S, Toti P, Gusson E, Roversi G, Accogli A, Capra V, Mencarelli MA, Renieri A, Ariani F. Parent-of-origin effect of hypomorphic pathogenic variants and somatic mosaicism impact on phenotypic expression of retinoblastoma. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1026-1037. [PMID: 29662154 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer in children. Numerous families have been described displaying reduced penetrance and expressivity. An extensive molecular characterization of seven families led us to characterize the two main mechanisms impacting on phenotypic expression, as follows: (i) mosaicism of amorphic pathogenic variants; and (ii) parent-of-origin-effect of hypomorphic pathogenic variants. Somatic mosaicism for RB1 splicing variants (c.1960+5G>C and c.2106+2T>C), leading to a complete loss of function was demonstrated by high-depth NGS in two families. In both cases, the healthy carrier parent (one with retinoma) showed a variant frequency lower than that expected for a heterozygous individual, indicating a 56-60% mosaicism level. Previous evidences of a ~3-fold excess of RB1 maternal canonical transcript led us to hypothesize that this differential allelic expression could influence phenotypic outcome in families at risk for RB onset. Accordingly, in five families, we identified a higher tumor risk associated with paternally inherited hypomorphic pathogenic variants, namely a deletion resulting in the loss of 37 amino acids at the N-terminus (c.608-16_608del), an exonic substitution with a "leaky" splicing effect (c.1331A>G), a partially deleterious substitution (c.1981C>T) and a truncating C-terminal variant (c.2663+2T>C). The identification of these mechanisms changes the genetic/prenatal counseling and the clinical management of families, indicating a higher recurrence risk when the hypomorphic pathogenic variant is inherited from the father, and suggesting the need for second tumor surveillance in unaffected carriers at risk of developing adult-onset cancer such as osteosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Maria Pinto
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Gelli
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, IRP, Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, IRP, Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Morbidoni
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, IRP, Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, IRP, Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Theodora Hadjistilianou
- Unit of Ophthalmology and Retinoblastoma Referral Center, Department of Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico 'Santa Maria alle Scotte', Siena, Italy
| | - Sonia De Francesco
- Unit of Ophthalmology and Retinoblastoma Referral Center, Department of Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico 'Santa Maria alle Scotte', Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Toti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Policlinico 'Santa Maria alle Scotte', Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Gusson
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaia Roversi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milan-Bicocca; Ospedale San Gerardo, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Antonietta Mencarelli
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. .,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ariani
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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73
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Mascelli S, Nozza P, Jones DTW, Colin C, Pistorio A, Milanaccio C, Ravegnani M, Consales A, Witt O, Morana G, Cama A, Capra V, Biassoni R, Pfister SM, Figarella-Branger D, Garrè ML, Raso A. TP53 codon 72 polymorphism may predict early tumour progression in paediatric pilocytic astrocytoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47918-47926. [PMID: 27374106 PMCID: PMC5216988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytoma and ganglioglioma may occur in inaccessible or surgically difficult areas. In case of incomplete resection, the availability of biological predictors of tumour progression could be particularly important. To this end, an analysis of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and assessment of its role as prognostic marker were performed. The status of the p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was evaluated by pyrosequencing method in a multicenter cohort of 170 paediatric patients. Genotype/phenotype associations were investigated either by means of bivariate or multivariate analyses. In the partially resected pilocytic astrocytomas, the Arg/Arg variant predicts early tumour progression (median survival time: 23.1 months) and is associated with poor event-free survival (p value = 0.0009). This finding remains true also in case of adjuvant therapies, with a 5-year event-free survival of 30.6% for cases with Arg/Arg variant vs. 78.7% for those with other genotypes. There is no association between ganglioglioma and the polymorphism. The assessment of Arg/Arg variant could improve the management of pilocytic astrocytoma. TP53 codon 72 analysis could distinguish low-risk cases, in which surgery could be conservative, from high-risk cases needing an aggressive surgery plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mascelli
- Dipartimento Testa, Collo e Neuroscienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Nozza
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - David T W Jones
- Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Carole Colin
- CRO2 UMR_S911, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Angela Pistorio
- Epidemiologia, Biostatistica e Comitati, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Milanaccio
- Dipartimento Testa, Collo e Neuroscienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Ravegnani
- Dipartimento Testa, Collo e Neuroscienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Consales
- Dipartimento Testa, Collo e Neuroscienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Olaf Witt
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Neuroradiologia Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Cama
- Dipartimento Testa, Collo e Neuroscienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Dipartimento Testa, Collo e Neuroscienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Biassoni
- Laboratory Molecular Medicine, Translational Medicine Department, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- CRO2 UMR_S911, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Maria Luisa Garrè
- Centro di Neuro-Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raso
- Dipartimento Testa, Collo e Neuroscienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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74
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Scala M, Accogli A, De Grandis E, Allegri A, Bagowski CP, Shoukier M, Maghnie M, Capra V. A novel pathogenic MYH3 mutation in a child with Sheldon-Hall syndrome and vertebral fusions. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:663-667. [PMID: 29314551 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sheldon-Hall syndrome (SHS) is the most common of the distal arthrogryposes (DAs), a group of disorders characterized by congenital non-progressive contractures. Patients with SHS present with contractures of the limbs and a distinctive triangular facies with prominent nasolabial folds. Calcaneovalgus deformity is frequent, as well as camptodactyly and ulnar deviation. Causative mutations in at least four different genes have been reported (MYH3, TNNI2, TPM2, and TNNT3). MYH3 plays a pivotal role in fetal muscle development and mutations in this gene are associated with Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, distal arthrogryposis 8 (DA8), and autosomal dominant spondylocarpotarsal synostosis. The last two disorders are characterized by skeletal abnormalities, in particular bony fusions. The observation that MYH3 may be mutated in these syndromes has suggested the involvement of this gene in bone development. We report the case of a boy with a novel pathogenic MYH3 mutation, presenting with the classical clinical features of SHS in association with unilateral carpal bone fusion and multiple vertebral fusions. This distinctive phenotype has never been reported in the literature so far and expands the phenotypic spectrum of SHS, endorsing the clinical variability of patients with MYH3-related disorders. Our findings also support a role for MYH3 in both muscle and bone development, suggesting a phenotypic continuum in MYH3-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Allegri
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Endocrinologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Moneef Shoukier
- Prenatal Medicine Munich, Department of Molecular Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica, Endocrinologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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75
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Tortora D, Severino M, Accogli A, Martinetti C, Vercellino N, Capra V, Rossi A, Pavanello M. Moyamoya Vasculopathy in PHACE Syndrome: Six New Cases and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2017; 108:291-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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76
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Accogli A, Iacomino M, Pinto F, Orsini A, Vari MS, Selmi R, Torella A, Nigro V, Minetti C, Severino M, Striano P, Capra V, Zara F. Novel AMPD2 mutation in pontocerebellar hypoplasia, dysmorphisms, and teeth abnormalities. Neurol Genet 2017; 3:e179. [PMID: 28815207 PMCID: PMC5550382 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Francesca Pinto
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Raed Selmi
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Valeria Capra
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Istituto G. Gaslini (A.A., M.I., F.P., A.O., M.S.V., C.M., M.S., P.S., V.C., F.Z.), Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova (A.A., M.I., C.M., P.S.); Ospedale San Paolo (R.S.), Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Patologia Generale (A.T., V.N.), Seconda Università di Napoli; and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.)
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77
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Severino M, Righini A, Tortora D, Pinelli L, Parazzini C, Morana G, Accorsi P, Capra V, Paladini D, Rossi A. MR Imaging Diagnosis of Diencephalic-Mesencephalic Junction Dysplasia in Fetuses with Developmental Ventriculomegaly. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1643-1646. [PMID: 28596193 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia is a rare malformation characterized by a poorly defined junction between the diencephalon and the mesencephalon, associated with a characteristic butterfly-like contour of the midbrain (butterfly sign). This condition may be variably associated with other brain malformations, including callosal abnormalities and supratentorial ventricular dilation, and is a potential cause of developmental hydrocephalus. Here, we have reported 13 fetuses with second-trimester obstructive ventriculomegaly and MR features of diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia, correlating the fetal imaging with available pathology and/or postnatal data. The butterfly sign can be clearly detected on axial images on fetal MR imaging, thus allowing for the prenatal diagnosis of diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia, with possible implications for the surgical management of hydrocephalus and parental counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Severino
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A. Rossi)
| | - A Righini
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Department (A. Righini, C.P.), Ospedale dei Bambini V Buzzi, Milano, Italy
| | - D Tortora
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A. Rossi)
| | | | - C Parazzini
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Department (A. Righini, C.P.), Ospedale dei Bambini V Buzzi, Milano, Italy
| | - G Morana
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A. Rossi)
| | - P Accorsi
- Neuropsychiatry Units (P.A.), Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Capra
- Genetic Unit, Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.)
| | - D Paladini
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit (D.P.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A. Rossi)
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78
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Merello E, Tattini L, Magi A, Accogli A, Piatelli G, Pavanello M, Tortora D, Cama A, Kibar Z, Capra V, De Marco P. Exome sequencing of two Italian pedigrees with non-isolated Chiari malformation type I reveals candidate genes for cranio-facial development. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:952-959. [PMID: 28513615 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is a congenital abnormality of the cranio-cerebral junction with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1280. CMI is characterized by underdevelopment of the occipital bone and posterior fossa (PF) and consequent cerebellar tonsil herniation. The presence for a genetic basis to CMI is supported by many lines of evidence. The cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to CM1 are poorly understood. The occipital bone formation is dependent on complex interactions between genes and molecules with pathologies resulting from disruption of this delicate process. Whole-exome sequencing of affected and not affected individuals from two Italian families with non-isolated CMI was undertaken. Single-nucleotide and short insertion-deletion variants were prioritized using KGGSeq knowledge-based platform. We identified three heterozygous missense variants: DKK1 c.121G>A (p.(A41T)) in the first family, and the LRP4 c.2552C>G (p.(T851R)) and BMP1 c.941G>A (p.(R314H)) in the second family. The variants were located at highly conserved residues, segregated with the disease, but they were not observed in 100 unaffected in-house controls. DKK1 encodes for a potent soluble WNT inhibitor that binds to LRP5 and LRP6, and is itself regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). DKK1 is required for embryonic head development and patterning. LRP4 is a novel osteoblast expressed receptor for DKK1 and a WNT and BMP 4 pathways integrator. Screening of DKK1 in a cohort of 65 CMI sporadic patients identified another missense variant, the c.359G>T (p.(R120L)), in two unrelated patients. These findings implicated the WNT signaling in the correct development of the cranial mesenchyme originating the PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merello
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Tattini
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Alberto Magi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Armando Cama
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, CHU Sainte Justine Research, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valeria Capra
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
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79
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Accogli A, Traverso M, Madia F, Bellini T, Vari MS, Pinto F, Capra V. A novel Xp22.13 microdeletion in Nance-Horan syndrome. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:866-868. [PMID: 28464487 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked developmental disorder characterized by congenital cataract, dental anomalies and facial dysmorphisms. Notably, up to 30% of NHS patients have intellectual disability and a few patients have been reported to have congenital cardiac defects. Nance-Horan syndrome is caused by mutations in the NHS gene that is highly expressed in the midbrain, retina, lens, tooth, and is conserved across vertebrate species. Although most pathogenic mutations are nonsense mutations, a few genomic rearrangements involving NHS locus have been reported, suggesting a possible pathogenic role of the flanking genes. METHODS Here, we report a microdeletion of 170,6 Kb at Xp22.13 (17.733.948-17.904.576) (GRCh37/hg19), detected by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in an Italian boy with NHS syndrome. RESULTS The microdeletion harbors the NHS, SCLML1, and RAI2 genes and results in a phenotype consistent with NSH syndrome and developmental delay. CONCLUSION We compare our case with the previous Xp22.13 microdeletions and discuss the possible pathogenetic role of the flanking genes. Birth Defects Research 109:866-868, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Bellini
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
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80
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Santoro C, Di Rocco F, Kossorotoff M, Zerah M, Boddaert N, Calmon R, Vidaud D, Cirillo M, Cinalli G, Mirone G, Giugliano T, Piluso G, D'Amico A, Capra V, Pavanello M, Cama A, Nobili B, Lyonnet S, Perrotta S. Moyamoya syndrome in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Italian-French experience. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1521-1530. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Santoro
- Dipartimento della Donna; del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica; Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
| | - Federico Di Rocco
- Service de neurochirurgie pédiatrique; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Manoelle Kossorotoff
- Pediatric Neurology; French Centre for Pediatric Stroke; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Michel Zerah
- Service de neurochirurgie pédiatrique; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades; Paris France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Department of Pediatric Radiology; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Imagine; INSERM U1000 and UMR 1163; Paris France
| | - Raphael Calmon
- Department of Pediatric Radiology; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades; Paris France
| | - Dominique Vidaud
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire; Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Paris France
- Génétique et Biothérapie des Maladies Dégénératives et Prolifératives du Système Nerveux Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Paris France
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche; Chirurgiche; Neurologiche; Metaboliche e dell’ Invecchiamento; Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery; Santobono Children's Hospital; Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirone
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery; Santobono Children's Hospital; Naples Italy
| | - Teresa Giugliano
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
| | - Giulio Piluso
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche avanzate; Università Federico II; Naples Italy
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Nobili
- Dipartimento della Donna; del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica; Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Genetic Department; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades; Paris France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Imagine; INSERM UMR-1163; Paris France
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Dipartimento della Donna; del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica; Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”; Naples Italy
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81
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Kharfallah F, Guyot MC, El Hassan AR, Allache R, Merello E, De Marco P, Di Cristo G, Capra V, Kibar Z. Scribble1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects through its mediating effect of Par-3 and Vangl1/2 localization. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2307-2320. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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82
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Lemay P, De Marco P, Emond A, Spiegelman D, Dionne-Laporte A, Laurent S, Merello E, Accogli A, Rouleau GA, Capra V, Kibar Z. Rare deleterious variants in GRHL3 are associated with human spina bifida. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:716-724. [PMID: 28276201 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube defects, including spina bifida, are among the most common birth defects caused by failure of neural tube closure during development. They have a complex etiology involving largely undetermined environmental and genetic factors. Previous studies in mouse models have implicated the transcription factor Grhl3 as an important factor in the pathogenesis of spina bifida. In the present study, we conducted a resequencing analysis of GRHL3 in a cohort of 233 familial and sporadic cases of spina bifida. We identified two novel truncating variants: one homozygous frameshift variant, p.Asp16Aspfs*10, in two affected siblings and one heterozygous intronic splicing variant, p.Ala318Glyfs*26. We also identified five missense variants, one of which was demonstrated to reduce the activation of gene targets in a luciferase reporter assay. With the previously identified p.Arg391Cys variant, eight variants were found in GRHL3. Comparison of the variant rate between our cohort and the ExAC database identified a significant enrichment of deleterious variants in GRHL3 in the whole gene and the transactivation region in spina bifida patients. These data provide strong evidence for a role of GRHL3 as a predisposing factor to spina bifida and will help dissect the complex etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of these malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lemay
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Emond
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sandra Laurent
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Merello
- U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valeria Capra
- U.O. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Zoha Kibar
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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83
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Severino M, Tortora D, Toselli B, Uccella S, Traverso M, Morana G, Capra V, Veneselli E, Fato MM, Rossi A. Structural Connectivity Analysis in Children with Segmental Callosal Agenesis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:639-647. [PMID: 28104634 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Segmental callosal agenesis is characterized by the absence of the intermediate callosal portion. We aimed to evaluate the structural connectivity of segmental callosal agenesis by using constrained spherical deconvolution tractography and connectome analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the clinical-radiologic features of 8 patients (5 males; mean age, 3.9 years). Spherical deconvolution and probabilistic tractography were performed on diffusion data. Structural connectivity analysis, including summary network metrics, modularity analysis, and network consistency measures, was applied in 5 patients and 10 age-/sex-matched controls. RESULTS We identified 3 subtypes based on the position of the hippocampal commissure: beneath the anterior callosal remnant in 3 patients (type I), beneath the posterior callosal remnant in 3 patients (type II), and between the anterior and posterior callosal remnants in 2 patients (type III). In all patients, the agenetic segment corresponded to fibers projecting to the parietal lobe, and segmental Probst bundles were found at that level. Ectopic callosal bundles were identified in 3 patients. Topology analysis revealed reduced global connectivity in patients compared with controls. The network topology of segmental callosal agenesis was more variable across patients than that of the control connectomes. Modularity analysis revealed disruption of the structural core organization in the patients. CONCLUSIONS Three malformative subtypes of segmental callosal agenesis were identified. Even the absence of a small callosal segment may impact global brain connectivity and modularity organization. The presence of ectopic callosal bundles may explain the greater interindividual variation in the connectomes of patients with segmental callosal agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Severino
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A.R.)
| | - D Tortora
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A.R.)
| | - B Toselli
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (B.T., M.M.F.), Università degli Studi di Genova Scuola Politecnica, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Uccella
- Neuropsychiatry Unit (S.U., M.T., E.V.)
| | | | - G Morana
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A.R.)
| | - V Capra
- Genetic Unit of the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - M M Fato
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (B.T., M.M.F.), Università degli Studi di Genova Scuola Politecnica, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (M.S., D.T., G.M., A.R.)
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84
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Porsch RM, Merello E, De Marco P, Cheng G, Rodriguez L, So M, Sham PC, Tam PK, Capra V, Cherny SS, Garcia-Barcelo MM, Campbell DD. Sacral agenesis: a pilot whole exome sequencing and copy number study. BMC Med Genet 2016; 17:98. [PMID: 28007035 PMCID: PMC5178083 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) or sacral agenesis is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a constellation of congenital caudal anomalies affecting the caudal spine and spinal cord, the hindgut, the urogenital system, and the lower limbs. CRS is a complex condition, attributed to an abnormal development of the caudal mesoderm, likely caused by the effect of interacting genetic and environmental factors. A well-known risk factor is maternal type 1 diabetes. Method Whole exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analyses were conducted on 4 Caucasian trios to identify de novo and inherited rare mutations. Results In this pilot study, exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analyses implicate a number of candidate genes, including SPTBN5, MORN1, ZNF330, CLTCL1 and PDZD2. De novo mutations were found in SPTBN5, MORN1 and ZNF330 and inherited predicted damaging mutations in PDZD2 (homozygous) and CLTCL1 (compound heterozygous). Importantly, predicted damaging mutations in PTEN (heterozygous), in its direct regulator GLTSCR2 (compound heterozygous) and in VANGL1 (heterozygous) were identified. These genes had previously been linked with the CRS phenotype. Two CNV deletions, one de novo (chr3q13.13) and one homozygous (chr8p23.2), were detected in one of our CRS patients. These deletions overlapped with CNVs previously reported in patients with similar phenotype. Conclusion Despite the genetic diversity and the complexity of the phenotype, this pilot study identified genetic features common across CRS patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0359-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Porsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | | | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Manting So
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Paul K Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Stacey S Cherny
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Maria-Mercè Garcia-Barcelo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR. .,Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR. .,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Desmond D Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR. .,Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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85
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Raso A, Biassoni R, Mascelli S, Nozza P, Ugolotti E, Di Marco E, De Marco P, Merello E, Cama A, Pavanello M, Capra V. Moyamoya vasculopathy shows a genetic mutational gradient decreasing from East to West. J Neurosurg Sci 2016; 64:165-172. [PMID: 27787485 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.16.03900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral steno-occlusive changes at the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain determining stroke in children. Patients with a similar vasculopathy and associated conditions are affected by the moyamoya syndrome (MMS). Most of the studies focused on MMD were carried out on East-Asian population. Ring Finger 213 (RNF213) has been identified as the strongest susceptibility gene for MMD in East-Asian people. Overall, 74.5% of the East-Asian patients carry the founder variant p.Arg4810Lys of RNF213 never reported in Caucasians. A different genetic landscape among the diverse ethnic populations seems to exist. METHODS We sequenced the coding sequence region of RNF213, TGFB1 and PDGFRB in 21 ethnically homogeneous Italian children with moyamoya; comprehensive sequencing data are available from parents of eight of them. The analyses were carried out by NGS on Thermo-fisher PGM platform. We also performed a comprehensive review of the literature about the variations of these three genes in Caucasian patients. RESULTS Several new variants of RNF213 gene were detected, in particular, two new pathogenic mutations on RNF213 (p.Trp4677Leu and p.Cys4017Ser) were identified in one MMS case and in one MMD case, respectively. Moreover, in a MMS case a new probably causing disease mutation p.Pro1063Thr of PDGFRB was detected. CONCLUSIONS The genetic susceptibility of Asian moyamoya vasculopathy seems to differ from the Caucasian disease. No additional differences seem to exist between MMD and MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Raso
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy -
| | | | | | - Paolo Nozza
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Eddi Di Marco
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Merello
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Cama
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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86
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Fiaschi P, Pavanello M, Imperato A, Dallolio V, Accogli A, Capra V, Consales A, Cama A, Piatelli G. Surgical results of cranioplasty with a polymethylmethacrylate customized cranial implant in pediatric patients: a single-center experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 17:705-10. [PMID: 26824593 DOI: 10.3171/2015.10.peds15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cranioplasty is a reconstructive procedure used to restore skull anatomy and repair skull defects. Optimal skull reconstruction is a challenge for neurosurgeons, and the strategy used to achieve the best result remains a topic of debate, especially in pediatric patients for whom the continuing skull growth makes the choice of material more difficult. When the native bone flap, which is universally accepted as the preferred option in pediatric patients, is unavailable, the authors' choice of prosthetic material is a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implant designed using a custom-made technique. In this paper the authors present the results of their clinical series of 12 custom-made PMMA implants in pediatric patients. METHODS A retrospective study of the patients who had undergone cranioplasty at Gaslini Children's Hospital between 2006 and 2013 was conducted. A total of 12 consecutive cranioplasties in 12 patients was reviewed, in which a patient-specific PMMA implant was manufactured using a virtual 3D model and then transformed into a physical model using selective laser sintering or 3D printing. All patients or parents were administered a questionnaire to assess how the patient/parent judged the aesthetic result. RESULTS Patient age at craniectomy ranged from 5 months to 12.5 years, with a mean age of 84.33 months at cranioplasty. The mean extension of the custom-made plastic was 56.83 cm(2). The mean time between craniectomy and cranioplasty was 9.25 months. The mean follow-up duration was 55.7 months. No major complications were recorded; 3 patients experienced minor/moderate complications (prosthesis dislocation, granuloma formation, and fluid collection). CONCLUSIONS In this patient series, PMMA resulted in an extremely low complication rate and the custom-made technique was associated with an excellent grade of patient or parent satisfaction on long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fiaschi
- Department of Neurosurgery, San Martino - IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa;,Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa
| | - Alessia Imperato
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa
| | | | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa;,University of Genoa; and
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa
| | | | - Armando Cama
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa
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87
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Accogli A, Pacetti M, Fiaschi P, Pavanello M, Piatelli G, Nuzzi D, Baldi M, Tassano E, Severino MS, Allegri A, Capra V. Association of achondroplasia with sagittal synostosis and scaphocephaly in two patients, an underestimated condition? Am J Med Genet A 2016; 167A:646-52. [PMID: 25691418 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on two patients with an unusual combination of achondroplasia and surgically treated sagittal synostosis and scaphocephaly. The most common achondroplasia mutation, p.Gly380Arg in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), was detected in both patients. Molecular genetic testing of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and TWIST1 genes failed to detect any additional mutations. There are several reports of achondroplasia with associated craniosynostosis, but no other cases of scaphocephaly in children with achondroplasia have been described. Recently it has been demonstrated that FGFR3 mutations affect not only endochondral ossification but also membranous ossification, providing new explanations for the craniofacial hallmarks in achondroplasia. Our report suggests that the association of isolated scaphocephaly and other craniosynostoses with achondroplasia may be under recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Universit, à, di Genova, Genova, Italy; Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Accogli A, Pavanello M, Accorsi P, De Marco P, Merello E, Pacetti M, Nozza P, Fiorillo C, Pinelli L, Cama A, Rossi A, Catala M, Capra V. Spinal lipoma as a dysembryogenetic anomaly: Four unusual cases of ectopic iliac rib within the spinal lipoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:530-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrizia Accorsi
- U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza, Spedali Civili; Brescia Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Catala
- Fédération de Neurologie; Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière APHP; Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06; UMR7622 Paris France
- CNRS; Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS) - Developmental Biology Laboratory; UMR7622 Paris France
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89
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Fiorillo C, Moro F, Brisca G, Accogli A, Trucco F, Trovato R, Pedemonte M, Severino M, Catala M, Capra V, Santorelli FM, Bruno C, Rossi A, Minetti C. Beyond spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity dominance: cerebellar hypoplasia associated with a novel mutation inBICD2. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:e19-21. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Fiorillo
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation; Pisa Italy
| | - F. Moro
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation; Pisa Italy
| | - G. Brisca
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - A. Accogli
- Neurosurgery Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - F. Trucco
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - R. Trovato
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation; Pisa Italy
| | - M. Pedemonte
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - M. Severino
- Paediatric Neuroradiology Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - M. Catala
- Fédération de Neurologie; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, and UMR 7622 UPMC and CNRS; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - V. Capra
- Neurosurgery Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - F. M. Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit; IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation; Pisa Italy
| | - C. Bruno
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - A. Rossi
- Paediatric Neuroradiology Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - C. Minetti
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
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90
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Fiaschi P, Severino M, Ravegnani GM, Piatelli G, Consales A, Accogli A, Capra V, Cama A, Pavanello M. Idiopathic Cervical Hematomyelia in an Infant: Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality Caused by a Trivial Trauma? Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2016; 90:38-44. [PMID: 26899465 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous or idiopathic intramedullary bleeding is a very rare event in pediatric patients. This diagnosis requires an extended clinical, laboratory, and radiologic work-up to rule out all potential causes of hematomyelia. However, children may present with hematomyelia or spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality even after a minor trauma. CASE DESCRIPTION A 15-month-old girl presented with a 24-hour history of progressive neurologic deficits. A trivial trauma had occurred a few days before the clinical onset. Head computed tomography scan and craniospinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed an isolated hemorrhagic central medullary lesion extending from the obex to C3 level. No underlying causes of intramedullary bleeding were identified. In the absence of obvious vascular abnormalities, the patient underwent an urgent occipitocervical decompression with hematoma evacuation. Postoperatively, the patient's motor symptoms rapidly resolved, and she was discharged with cervical collar immobilization. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the differential diagnosis of intramedullary bleeding in children, focusing on the diagnostic protocol and therapeutic options in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fiaschi
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS San Martino-IST University Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Accogli
- Neurosurgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Neurosurgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Cama
- Neurosurgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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91
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Mascelli S, Nozza P, Sak K, Joost K, Cama A, Capra V, Garrè ML, Raso A. Distinctive Genetic Profile With IDH1, TP53, and MLH1 Mutations in a Radiation-Induced Anaplastic Astrocytoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:179. [PMID: 26185030 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Nozza
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katrin Sak
- Asper Biotechnology, Ltd., Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Armando Cama
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Raso
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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92
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Wang M, De Marco P, Merello E, Drapeau P, Capra V, Kibar Z. Role of the planar cell polarity gene Protein tyrosine kinase 7 in neural tube defects in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:1021-7. [PMID: 26368655 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital defects affecting approximately 1 in 1000 live births in North America. Their etiology is complex including environmental and genetic factors. Defects in the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway have been strongly associated with NTDs in animal models and human cohorts. Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (Ptk7) was shown to cause a very severe form of NTDs called craniorachischisis in a mouse model and genetically interacts with a core PCP member Vangl2 where double heterozygotes suffer from spina bifida. In this study, we examined the role of PTK7 in human NTDs to determine whether variants at this gene predispose to these defects. METHODS We sequenced the coding region and the exon-intron junctions of PTK7 in a cohort of 473 patients affected with various forms of open and closed NTDs. Novel and rare variants(<1%) were genotyped in a cohort of 473 individuals. Their pathogenic effect was predicted in silico and functionally in an overexpression assay in a well-established zebrafish model. RESULTS We identified in our cohort 6 rare variants, 3 of which were absent in public databases. One variant, p.Gly348Ser, acted as a hypermorph when overexpressed in the zebrafish model. CONCLUSION We detected potentially pathogenic PTK7 variants in 1.1% of our NTD cohort. Our findings implicate PTK7 as a risk factor for NTDs and provide additional evidence for a pathogenic role of PCP signaling in these malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Wang
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Zoha Kibar
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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93
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Seo JH, Zilber Y, Babayeva S, Liu J, Kyriakopoulos P, De Marco P, Merello E, Capra V, Gros P, Torban E. Mutations in the planar cell polarity gene, Fuzzy, are associated with neural tube defects in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3893. [PMID: 25954026 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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94
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Lemay P, Guyot MC, Tremblay É, Dionne-Laporte A, Spiegelman D, Henrion É, Diallo O, De Marco P, Merello E, Massicotte C, Désilets V, Michaud JL, Rouleau GA, Capra V, Kibar Z. Loss-of-function de novo mutations play an important role in severe human neural tube defects. J Med Genet 2015; 52:493-7. [PMID: 25805808 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are very common and severe birth defects that are caused by failure of neural tube closure and that have a complex aetiology. Anencephaly and spina bifida are severe NTDs that affect reproductive fitness and suggest a role for de novo mutations (DNMs) in their aetiology. METHODS We used whole-exome sequencing in 43 sporadic cases affected with myelomeningocele or anencephaly and their unaffected parents to identify DNMs in their exomes. RESULTS We identified 42 coding DNMs in 25 cases, of which 6 were loss of function (LoF) showing a higher rate of LoF DNM in our cohort compared with control cohorts. Notably, we identified two protein-truncating DNMs in two independent cases in SHROOM3, previously associated with NTDs only in animal models. We have demonstrated a significant enrichment of LoF DNMs in this gene in NTDs compared with the gene specific DNM rate and to the DNM rate estimated from control cohorts. We also identified one nonsense DNM in PAX3 and two potentially causative missense DNMs in GRHL3 and PTPRS. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates an important role of LoF DNMs in the development of NTDs and strongly implicates SHROOM3 in its aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lemay
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guyot
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Élizabeth Tremblay
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Édouard Henrion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ousmane Diallo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Christine Massicotte
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Désilets
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Zoha Kibar
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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95
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Pio L, Piatelli G, Rossi A, Scarsi P, Merello E, Capra V, Cama A, Buffa P, Torre M. Urological outcome in patients with Currarino syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:1643-6. [PMID: 25475810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currarino syndrome is a type of caudal regression syndrome characterized by the association of hemisacrum, anorectal malformation and presacral mass. Only few studies on small series report the incidence of urinary dysfunction in Currarino syndrome. Our aim was to evaluate the urological outcome in patients with Currarino syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all Currarino syndrome patients treated in our institution. Of 20 patients, we could evaluate the urological outcome in 16. This group of patients underwent clinical, radiological and urodynamic evaluation. RESULTS All 16 patients had a sacral defect, fourteen of them presenting a presacral mass (87.5%), eight a tethered cord (50%), and 7 anorectal malformations (43.7%). Eight patients underwent neurosurgical treatment for neural tube defects. In 14 patients, the presacral mass was resected. One case presented detrusor overactivity, 2 recurrent urinary tract infections and 2 vesicoureteral refluxes. Both patients with lipomyeloschisis had a neuropathic bladder. All the other patients could void the bladder spontaneously. Renal function was normal in all. CONCLUSION Currarino syndrome is a rare congenital disorder presenting a variable phenotype. Urological outcome is good in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pio
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.
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96
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Capra V, Biancheri R, Morana G, Striano P, Novara F, Ferrero GB, Boeri L, Celle ME, Mancardi MM, Zuffardi O, Parrini E, Guerrini R. Periventricular nodular heterotopia in Smith-Magenis syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:3142-7. [PMID: 25257626 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is caused by an interstitial microdeletion of chromosome 17p11.2. A few patients with the typical SMS phenotype have RAI1 gene mutations. The syndrome is characterized by minor craniofacial anomalies, short stature, sleep disturbances, behavioural and neurocognitive abnormalities, as well as variable multisystemic manifestations. Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a genetically heterogeneous neuronal migration disorder characterized by subependymal heterotopic nodules, and is variably associated with other brain malformations, epileptic seizures and intellectual disability. Here we report on two patients harboring deletions of the 17p11.2 region in whom the SMS typical phenotype was associated with bilateral PNH. Our observations expand the spectrum of chromosomal rearrangements associated with PNH and indicate that abnormal neuronal migration may contribute to the neurocognitive phenotype of SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Capra
- Neurosurgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Genoa, Italy
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97
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Merello E, Mascelli S, Raso A, Piatelli G, Consales A, Cama A, Kibar Z, Capra V, Marco PD. Expanding the mutational spectrum associated to neural tube defects: literature revision and description of novel VANGL1 mutations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 103:51-61. [PMID: 25208524 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural Tube Defects (NTD) are a common class of birth defects that occur in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. Both genetic and nongenetic factors are involved in the etiology of NTD. Planar cell polarity (PCP) genes plays a critical role in neural tube closure in model organisms. Studies in humans have identified nonsynonymous mutations in PCP pathway genes, including the VANGL genes, that may play a role as risk factors for NTD. METHODS Here, we present the results of VANGL1 and VANGL2 mutational screening in a series of 53 NTD patients and 27 couples with a previous NTD affected pregnancy. RESULTS We identified three heterozygous missense variants in VANGL1, p.Ala187Val, p.Asp389His, and p.Arg517His, that are absent in controls and predicted to be detrimental on the protein function and, thus, we expanded the mutational spectrum of VANGL1 in NTD cases. We did not identify any new variants having an evident pathogenic effect on protein function in VANGL2. Moreover, we reviewed all the rare nonsynonymous or synonymous variants of VANGL1 and VANGL2 found in patients and controls so far published and re-evaluated them for their pathogenic role by in silico prediction tools. Association tests were performed to demonstrate the enrichment of deleterious variants in reviewed cases versus controls from Exome Variant Server (EVS). CONCLUSION We showed a significant (p = 7.0E-5) association between VANGL1 rare genetic variants, especially missense mutations, and NTDs risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Merello
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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98
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Allache R, Wang M, De Marco P, Merello E, Capra V, Kibar Z. Genetic studies ofANKRD6as a molecular switch between Wnt signaling pathways in human neural tube defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 103:20-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Allache
- Department of Neurosciences; CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montréal; Genova Italy
| | - Mingqin Wang
- Department of Neurosciences; CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montréal; Genova Italy
| | | | - Elisa Merello
- U.O. C. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- U.O. C. Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Department of Neurosciences; CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montréal; Genova Italy
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99
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Milanaccio C, Pio L, Vannati M, Nozza P, Raso A, Sementa A, Cama A, Buffa P, Mascelli S, Capra V, Giardino S, Amoroso L, Antonelli M, Barra S, Lanino E, Rossi A, Morana G, Magnano GM, Severino, Garrè ML. Rhabdoid Tumour (RT): A Case Report with Peculiar Biological Behaviour and Results of Treatment (Tx) According to Different Location (CNS and Kidney). Cancer Genet 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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100
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Pio L, Milanaccio C, Mascelli S, Raso A, Nozza P, Sementa AR, Cama A, Buffa P, Avanzini S, Vannati M, Capra V, Lanino E, Rossi A, Morana G, Magnano GM, Severino M, Garrè ML. Congenital multifocal rhabdoid tumor: a case with peculiar biological behavior and different response to treatment according to location (central nervous system and kidney). Cancer Genet 2014; 207:441-4. [PMID: 25442925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system and malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) may present with different responses to chemotherapy and outcomes. We describe the case of an infant with multifocal rhabdoid tumor with different behavior and response to treatment, depending on the anatomic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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