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LaPlante CD, Vandenberg LN. Data describing lack of effects of 17α-ethinyl estradiol on mammary gland morphology in female mice exposed during pregnancy and lactation. Data Brief 2017; 14:337-343. [PMID: 28795111 PMCID: PMC5547231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethinyl estradiol (EE) is a synthetic estrogen used in pharmaceutical contraceptives. In many studies evaluating estrogenic endocrine disruptors, EE is used as a positive control for estrogenicity. However, the effects of EE often differ from the effects of other xenoestrogens, suggesting that these other compounds might act via distinct mechanisms. Reported here are data describing the effect of low doses of EE during pregnancy and lactation on the morphology of the lactating mammary gland in CD-1 mice. The data suggest that these low doses have few if any discernable effects on mammary gland morphology. Alterations to cell proliferation and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α were also not observed. These companion data were collected from the same females analyzed for effects of EE on maternal behavior and brain recently published in Reproductive Toxicology (Catanese & Vandenberg, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D LaPlante
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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Karami A, Goh YM, Jahromi MF, Lazorchak JM, Abdullah M, Courtenay SC. Diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) differ in biomarker responses to the pesticide chlorpyrifos. Sci Total Environ 2016; 557-558:204-211. [PMID: 26994807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of environmental stressors on polyploid organisms are largely unknown. This study investigated changes in morphometric, molecular, and biochemical parameters in full-sibling diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposures. Juvenile fish were exposed to three concentrations of CPF (mean measured μg/L (SD): 9.71 (2.27), 15.7 (3.69), 31.21 (5.04)) under a static-renewal condition for 21days. Diploid control groups had higher hepatosomatic index (HSI), plasma testosterone (T), and brain GnRH and cyp19a2 expression levels than triploids. In CPF-exposed groups, changes in HSI, total weight and length were different between the diploid and triploid fish. In contrast, condition factor did not alter in any of the treatments, while visceral-somatic index (VSI) changed only in diploids. In diploid fish, exposure to CPF did not change brain 11β-hsd2, ftz-f1, foxl2, GnRH or cyp19a2 mRNA levels, while reduced tph2 transcript levels compared to the control group. In contrast, 11β-hsd2 and foxl2 expression levels were changed in triploids following CPF exposures. In diploids, plasma T levels showed a linear dose-response reduction across CPF treatments correlating with liver weight and plasma total cholesterol concentrations. In contrast, no changes in plasma cholesterol and T concentrations were observed in triploids. Plasma cortisol and 17-β estradiol (E2) showed no response to CPF exposure in either ploidy. Results of this first comparison of biomarker responses to pesticide exposure in diploid and polyploid animals showed substantial differences between diploid and triploid C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James M Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Canadian Water Network, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Waterloo, Canada
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da Fonseca Ferraz ML, Franco CA, Juliano GR, Juliano GR, de Almeida JA, Soares MH, Oliveira LF, Ramalho LS, Cavellani CL, Espindula AP, Corrêa RRM, de Oliveira FA, Dos Reis MA, de Paula Antunes Teixeira V. Morphometric evaluation of the aortic root in stillborns. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:686-9. [PMID: 27317554 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the dimensions and amount of collagen in the aortic root of autopsied fetuses at different gestational ages. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 samples of aortic roots were selected from autopsied fetuses with gestational ages ranging between 20 and 40 weeks. The thickness and the area of the aortic wall were analyzed on slides stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and the collagen was quantified on slides stained with Picrosirius, by using an image analyzing system. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between the thickness of the media layer of the aortic wall and the gestational age. There was a positive and significant correlation between the percentage of collagen in the aortic wall with gestational age and fetal weight. The correlation between gestational age and the area of the aortic root circumference was positive and significant. And the correlation between the aortic diameter and the gestational age as well as fetal length was positive and significant. CONCLUSION The thickness of the media layer, the amount of collagen in the aortic wall, the area of the aortic root circumference and the aortic diameter rose with the increase of the gestational age. Thus, the morphological analysis of the aortic root may help as a parameter during the follow-up of inter-uterine growth and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lúcia da Fonseca Ferraz
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Calline Alves Franco
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ribeiro Juliano
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Juliano
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - João Antônio de Almeida
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Soares
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Ferreira Oliveira
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lourencini Cavellani
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Espindula
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida de Oliveira
- General Pathology Division, Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute (IPTSP), Goiás Federal University (UFG), Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia Dos Reis
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira
- General Pathology Sector, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Loch-Wilkinson TJ, Izatt MT, Labrom RD, Askin GN, Pearcy MJ, Adam CJ. Morphometric Analysis of the Thoracic Intervertebral Foramen Osseous Anatomy in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography. Spine Deform 2016; 4:182-192. [PMID: 27927501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspd.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dimensions of the thoracic intervertebral foramen in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) have not previously been quantified. Better understanding of the dimensions of the foramen may be useful in surgical planning. This study describes a reproducible method for measurement of the thoracic foramen in AIS using computed tomography (CT). METHODS In 23 preoperative female patients with Lenke 1 type AIS with right-side convexity major curves confined to the thoracic spine the foraminal height (FH), foraminal width (FW), pedicle to superior articular process distance (P-SAP), and cross-sectional foraminal area (FA) were measured using multiplanar reconstructed CT. Measurements were made at entrance, midpoint, and exit of the thoracic foramina from T1-T2 to T11-T12. Results were also correlated with dependent variables of major curve Cobb angle measured on X-ray and CT, age, weight, Lenke classification subtype, Risser grade, and number of spinal levels in the major curve. RESULTS The FH, FW, P-SAP, and FA dimensions and ratios are all significantly larger on the convexity of the major curve and maximal at or close to the apex. Mean thoracic foraminal dimensions change in a predictable manner relative to position on the major thoracic curve. There was no statistically significant correlation with the measured foraminal dimensions or ratios and the individual dependent variables. The average ratio of convexity to concavity dimensions at the apex foramina for entrance, midpoint, and exit, respectively, are FH (1.50, 1.38, 1.25), FW (1.28, 1.30, 0.98), FA (2.06, 1.84, 1.32), and P-SAP (1.61, 1.47, 1.30). CONCLUSION Foraminal dimensions of the thoracic spine are significantly affected by AIS. Foraminal dimensions have a predictable convexity-to-concavity ratio relative to the proximity to the major curve apex. Surgeons should be aware of these anatomical differences during scoliosis correction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbjorn J Loch-Wilkinson
- Paediatric Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology and Mater Health Services Brisbane Ltd, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maree T Izatt
- Paediatric Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology and Mater Health Services Brisbane Ltd, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert D Labrom
- Paediatric Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology and Mater Health Services Brisbane Ltd, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Askin
- Paediatric Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology and Mater Health Services Brisbane Ltd, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Pearcy
- Paediatric Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology and Mater Health Services Brisbane Ltd, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clayton J Adam
- Paediatric Spine Research Group, Queensland University of Technology and Mater Health Services Brisbane Ltd, Queensland, Australia.
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Flanigan P, Kshettry VR, Mullin JP, Jahangiri A, Recinos PF. Frontal Sinus Morphometry in Relation to Surgically Relevant Landmarks in the United States Population. World Neurosurg 2016; 91:12-5. [PMID: 26979924 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of frontal sinus morphometry is important in bifrontal, pterional, orbitozygomatic, and supraorbital craniotomies. Inadvertent frontal sinus violation can lead to infection, cerebrospinal fluid fistula, and mucocele formation. In particular, knowledge of anatomy in relation to surgically relevant landmarks can help surgeons perform these procedures more precisely and safely. We performed a descriptive radiographic analysis to better understand variations in frontal sinus anatomy. METHODS Using 3-dimensional reconstructive software, we analyzed 162 normal cranial computerized tomographic angiograms (from 80 men and 82 women). A line between the supraorbital notches (SONs) was used as a horizontal reference line (HRL). We recorded the maximum sinus height and width from the HRL and midline, respectively. In addition, sinus width was measured in relation to the SON at 0, 1, and 2 cm above the HRL. RESULTS The mean maximal sinus height from the HRL was 1.8 cm. The mean maximum sinus width was 2.6 cm (right and left) from midline and 0.46 cm (right) and 0.49 cm (left) from the SON. Less than 11% of sinuses were lateral to the SON at 2.0 cm above the HRL and <6% of sinuses were >1.5 cm lateral to the SON at 1.0 cm above the HRL. CONCLUSIONS Planned surgical corridors >1.5 cm lateral to the SON and/or >3.0 cm above the HRL are most likely to avoid the frontal sinus based on our radiographic measurements of normal sinus anatomy. Careful radiographic study and appropriate planning for more medial and/or inferior corridors is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Flanigan
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Varun R Kshettry
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Mullin
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arman Jahangiri
- Department of Neurosurgery, California Center for Pituitary Disorders, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pablo F Recinos
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Section of Rhinology, Sinus, and Skull Base Surgery, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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56
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Karimfar MH, Bargahi A, Moshtaghi D, Farzadinia P. Long-Term Exposure of Lead Acetate on Rabbit Renal Tissue. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18:e22157. [PMID: 27195142 PMCID: PMC4867333 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lead has been widely used in different industries for ages. It is one of the heavy metals, highly poisonous even at low doses, and has biochemical, physiological and behavioral side effects on human and animals. It has been shown that lead has toxic effects on different tissues such as neural and genitourinary tissues, cardiovascular systems and blood. Therefore, high attention has been paid to its environmental pollutions. Objectives: Although many histological and biochemical studies have reported about the effects of lead on the renal tissue, there are a few studies about the ultrastructure and morphometric effects of lead on the kidney. Hence, the aim of this study was the evaluation of morphology and morphometrics of rabbit renal urinary barrier ultrastructure following long-term exposure to lead acetate. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into control and test groups (10 in each). The test group was injected intraperitoneally with chronic dose (8.5 mg/kg of body weight) of lead acetate and for the control group the same volume of normal saline was used, every other day for 10 weeks. After anesthetizing, the biopsies of renal tissues were taken for light and electron microscopic morphometric and morphologic analyses. Results: Long-term exposure to lead acetate caused histopathology effects including dilatation, congestion, nuclei heterochromatic effects, increase in diameter of renal tubules and urinary barrier thickness in rabbit renal tissue. Conclusions: Quantitative and qualitative results of long-term lead acetate exposure showed many histopathology side-effects, especially in the urinary barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Karimfar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Darab Moshtaghi
- Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Parviz Farzadinia
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Parviz Farzadinia, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 3631, Bushehr, IR Iran. Tel /Fax: +98-7733450692, E-mail:
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57
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Dias FJ, Issa JPM, Coutinho-Netto J, Fazan VPS, Sousa LG, Iyomasa MM, Papa PC, Watanabe IS. Morphometric and high resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis of low-level laser therapy and latex protein (Hevea brasiliensis) administration following a crush injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. J Neurol Sci 2015; 349:129-37. [PMID: 25619570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 15 J/cm(2)) and a latex protein (F1) on a crush injury of the sciatic (ischiadicus) nerve. Seventy-two rats (male, 250 g) were divided into 6 groups: CG, control; EG, exposed nerve; IG, injured nerve without treatment; LG, injured nerve with LLLT; HG, injured nerve with F1; and LHG, injured nerve with LLLT and F1. After 4 or 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized and samples of the sciatic nerve were collected for morphometric and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) analysis. After 4 weeks, the morphometry revealed improvements in the treated animals, and the HG appeared to be the most similar to the CG; after 8 weeks, the injured groups showed improvements compared to the previous period, and the results of the treatment groups were more similar to one another. At HRSEM after 4 weeks, the treated groups were similar and showed improvement compared to the IG; after 8 weeks, the LHG and HG had the best results. In conclusion, the treatments resulted in improvement after the nerve injury, and this recovery was time-dependent. In addition, the use of the F1 resulted in the best morphometric and ultrastructural findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Dias
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Issa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | | | - Valéria P S Fazan
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Sousa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Mamie M Iyomasa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Paula C Papa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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58
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ESLAMI A, SHAYAN P, BOKAEI S. Morphological and genetic characteristics of the liver hydatid cyst of a donkey with iran origin. Iran J Parasitol 2014; 9:302-10. [PMID: 25678913 PMCID: PMC4316560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No data is available on morphology and genetic characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus derived from donkeys of Iran, despite of its existence in donkeys. In the present study morphometric variations of the rostellar hooks of protoscoleces and genotype characteristics of hydatid cyst of donkey from Iran were determined. METHODS Protoscoleces prepared from hydatid cyst of donkey of Iran were morphometric and genetic analyzed. The genetic analysis was done using Cox 1 gene by comparative sequence analysis. RESULTS Our morphometric results showed that donkey of Iran shares 6 out of 7 determined parameters with donkeys of Jordan and 4 out of 7 with 4 available data with Switzerland donkeys. Morphological similarities and dissimilarities were observed with sheep-dog (G1) and camel-dog strains (G6) of Iran. The nucleotide sequence alignment showed that the partial sequence of Cox 1 from donkey had 91% homology with query coverage of 99% to the corresponding sequence of E. equinus, 90% homology to the E. felidis, 90% homology to E. ortleppi, 89% homology to the E. shiquinus, 89% homology to the E. vogeli, 89% homology to the E. oligarthrus, 88% homology to the E. canadensis and 83% homology to the Taenia solium. Additionally, the amino acid sequence of this gene has also some differences between this strain and all known strains of E. granulosus even with E. equinus (G4). CONCLUSION Despite of common morphological characteristics of Iranian donkey hydatid cyst with those of donkeys of other parts of the world, genetically it has its own entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali ESLAMI
- Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz SHAYAN
- Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence
| | - Said BOKAEI
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Brown B, Banerjee AD, Wadhwa R, Nourbakhsh A, Caldito G, Nanda A, Guthikonda B. When is posterolateral orbitotomy useful in a pterional craniotomy? A morphometric study. Skull Base 2012; 21:147-52. [PMID: 22451817 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adding posterolateral orbitotomy to pterional craniotomy allows greater exposure of the anterolateral skull base. However, there is a paucity of literature quantifying the relative benefit of adding posterolateral orbitotomy for various surgical targets. Our study is a step to address this issue. We performed dissections of five cadaveric heads (10 sides). The anterior communicating artery (A-Com) complex, posterior chiasm (anterior third ventricular region), ipsilateral optic canal, and ipsilateral supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation were chosen as targets. A pterional craniotomy was performed and the targets were morphometrically analyzed. Subsequently, posterolateral orbitotomy was done and analysis repeated. The field of view and measurements quantifying the angle of attack were compared. Addition of orbitotomy to pterional craniotomy increased the angle of exposure to ICA bifurcation, anterior third ventricular region, and A-Com complex by average of 15%, 29%, and 50%, respectively. Our study shows the addition of a posterolateral orbitotomy to the pterional craniotomy improves the angle of attack to the anterior third ventricular region and the A-Com complex, thus supporting the use of orbitopterional craniotomy for suprasellar lesions extending into anteroinferior third ventricle and A-Com aneurysms that point superiorly/posteriorly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
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Kayastha R, Zaman G, Goswami R, Haque A. Physical and morphometric characterization of indigenous cattle of Assam. Open Vet J 2011; 1:7-9. [PMID: 26623272 PMCID: PMC4655753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to study the physical and morphometric characteristics in indigenous cattle of Assam. The data pertain to 339 indigenous cattle of different categories. The physical characteristics included colour pattern of body coat, muzzle, tail switch, hoof and horn. Body length, height at wither, heart girth, pouch girth, length of tail, switch, neck, ear and head were taken up for morphometric characterization. The main body coat colour of indigenous cattle was brown (31.18%) followed by white (28.53%), fawn (15.29%), grey (13.53%), black (4.41%) and mixed (7.06%). The prominent colour of tail switch was black (74.53%). Most of animals had black muzzle (86.47%), black hooves (84.71%) and black horn (100%). Morphometric characteristics data obtained were classified according to location, age group and sex of the animal. The means for body length, height at wither, heart girth, pouch girth, length of tail, switch, neck, ear and head were 83.668±0.590, 91.942±0.55, 113.146±0.738, 121.181±0.761, 54.196±0.527, 26.098±0.186, 32.705±0.166, 18.131±0.111 and 35.035±0.195 cm, respectively. Age and sex had significant effect on all the morphometric characters however, location effect was non-significant. The indigenous cattle of Assam are comparatively smaller in size than most of the recognized breeds of cattle however coat colour showed sizeable variation. The data generated for indigenous cattle of Assam would be useful to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.B. Kayastha
- National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Rani, Guwahati-781 131, India,Corresponding Author: Dr. Rajeev Bhandar Kayastha, National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Rani, Guwahati-781 131, India.
| | - G. Zaman
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, India
| | - R.N. Goswami
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, India
| | - A. Haque
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, India
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