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Fu J, Han Z, Wu Z, Xia Y, Yang G, Yin Y, Ren W. GABA regulates IL-1β production in macrophages. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111770. [PMID: 36476877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters have been well documented to determine immune cell fates; however, whether and how γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) shapes the function of innate immune cells is still obscure. Here, we demonstrate that GABA orchestrates macrophage maturation and inflammation. GABA treatment during macrophage maturation inhibits interleukin (IL)-1β production from inflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, GABA enhances succinate-flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-lysine specific demethylase1 (LSD1) signaling to regulate histone demethylation of Bcl2l11 and Dusp2, reducing formation of the NLRP3-ASC-Caspase-1 complex. The GABA-succinate axis reduces succinylation of mitochondrial proteins to promote oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We also find that GABA alleviates lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced sepsis as well as high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Our study shows that GABA regulates pro-inflammatory macrophage responses associated with metabolic reprogramming and protein succinylation, suggesting a strategy for treating macrophage-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zebiao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Atallah R, Olschewski A, Heinemann A. Succinate at the Crossroad of Metabolism and Angiogenesis: Roles of SDH, HIF1α and SUCNR1. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3089. [PMID: 36551845 PMCID: PMC9775124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process by which new blood vessels develop from existing ones. While adequate angiogenesis is a physiological process during, for example, tissue repair, insufficient and excessive angiogenesis stands on the pathological side. Fine balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in the tissue environment regulates angiogenesis. Identification of these factors and how they function is a pressing topic to develop angiogenesis-targeted therapeutics. During the last decade, exciting data highlighted non-metabolic functions of intermediates of the mitochondrial Krebs cycle including succinate. Among these functions is the contribution of succinate to angiogenesis in various contexts and through different mechanisms. As the concept of targeting metabolism to treat a wide range of diseases is rising, in this review we summarize the mechanisms by which succinate regulates angiogenesis in normal and pathological settings. Gaining a comprehensive insight into how this metabolite functions as an angiogenic signal will provide a useful approach to understand diseases with aberrant or excessive angiogenic background, and may provide strategies to tackle them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Atallah
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Yan XL, Liu XC, Zhang YN, Du TT, Ai Q, Gao X, Yang JL, Bao L, Li LQ. Succinate aggravates intestinal injury in mice with necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1064462. [PMID: 36519131 PMCID: PMC9742382 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1064462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that predominantly threatens preterm newborns. Succinate is an emerging metabolic signaling molecule that was recently studied in relation to the regulation of intestinal immunity and homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between NEC and gut luminal succinate and preliminarily explored the effect of succinate on NEC pathogenesis. Methods Fecal samples from human neonates and mouse pups were analyzed by HPLC - MS/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, NEC, Lsuc, and Hsuc. The mortality, weight gain, and intestinal pathological changes in four mouse groups were observed. Inflammatory cytokines and markers of macrophages were identified by quantitative real-time PCR. Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) localization was visualized by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of SUCNR1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) were quantified by western blotting. Results The levels of succinate in feces from NEC patients were higher than those in feces from non-NEC patients (P <0.05). In the murine models, succinate levels in intestinal content samples were also higher in the NEC group than in the control group (P <0.05). The change in succinate level was closely related to intestinal flora composition. In samples from human neonates, relative to the control group, the NEC group showed a higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and a lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus (P <0.05). In the murine models, relative to the control group, increased abundance was observed for Clostridiaceae, Enterococcaceae, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Enterococcus, whereas decreased abundance was observed for Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus (P <0.05). Increased succinate levels prevented mice from gaining weight, damaged their intestines, and increased their mortality; upregulated the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); and downregulated the gene expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Exogenous succinic acid increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression but decreased Arginase-1 (Arg1) gene expression; and increased the protein expression of SUCNR1 and HIF-1a. Conclusion Succinate plays an important role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis severity, and the activation of the HIF-1a signaling pathway may lead to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Bao
- Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-Quan Li
- Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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LaCroix IS, Cohen M, Moore EE, Dzieciatkowska M, Nemkov T, Schaid TR Jr, Debot M, Jones K, Silliman CC, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A. Omics Markers of Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Trauma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a life-saving intervention for millions of trauma patients every year worldwide. While hemoglobin thresholds are clinically driving the need for RBC transfusion, limited information is available with respect to transfusion efficacy at the molecular level in clinically relevant cohorts. Here, we combined plasma metabolomic and proteomic measurements in longitudinal samples (n = 118; up to 13 time points; total samples: 690) from trauma patients enrolled in the control of major bleeding after trauma (COMBAT) study. Samples were collected in the emergency department and at continuous intervals up to 168 h (seven days) post-hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed to determine omics correlate to transfusions of one, two, three, five, or more packed RBC units. While confounded by the concomitant transfusion of other blood components and other iatrogenic interventions (e.g., surgery), here we report that transfusion of one or more packed RBCs—mostly occurring within the first 4 h from hospitalization in this cohort—results in the increase in circulating levels of additive solution components (e.g., mannitol, phosphate) and decreases in the levels of circulating markers of hypoxia, such as lactate, carboxylic acids (e.g., succinate), sphingosine 1-phosphate, polyamines (especially spermidine), and hypoxanthine metabolites with potential roles in thromboinflammatory modulation after trauma. These correlations were the strongest in patients with the highest new injury severity scores (NISS > 25) and lowest base excess (BE < −10), and the effect observed was proportional to the number of units transfused. We thus show that transfusion of packed RBCs transiently increases the circulating levels of plasticizers—likely leaching from the blood units during refrigerated storage in the blood bank. Changes in the levels of arginine metabolites (especially citrulline to ornithine ratios) are indicative of an effect of transfusion on nitric oxide metabolism, which could potentially contribute to endothelial regulation. RBC transfusion was associated with changes in the circulating levels of coagulation factors, fibrinogen chains, and RBC-proteins. Changes in lysophospholipids and acyl-carnitines were observed upon transfusion, suggestive of an effect on the circulating lipidome—though cell-extrinsic/intrinsic effects and/or the contribution of other blood components cannot be disentangled. By showing a significant decrease in circulating markers of hypoxia, this study provides the first multi-omics characterization of RBC transfusion efficacy in a clinically relevant cohort of trauma patients.
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Kaczmarczyk O, Dąbek-Drobny A, Piątek-Guziewicz A, Woźniakiewicz M, Paśko P, Dobrowolska-Iwanek J, Woźniakiewicz A, Targosz A, Ptak-Belowska A, Szczyrk U, Strzałka M, Zagrodzki P, Zwolińska-Wcisło M. The Importance of Nutritional Aspects in the Assessment of Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4622. [PMID: 36364889 PMCID: PMC9658856 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely linked to nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate associations between nutritional, inflammatory, and intestinal barrier parameters in patients with IBD. We assessed nutritional status, fecal short-chain fatty acid profile, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of enzymes and tight junction proteins in intestinal biopsies obtained from 35 patients, including 11 patients with inactive IBD, 18 patients with active IBD, and six controls. Patients with active IBD were characterized by hypoalbuminemia, fluctuations in body weight, and restriction of fiber-containing foods. In addition, they had significantly reduced levels of isovaleric acid and tended to have lower levels of butyric, acetic, and propionic acids. Patients with active IBD had higher mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and lower mRNA expression of claudin-2 and zonula occludens-1, compared with patients with inactive IBD. Moreover, patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 had higher median tumor necrosis factor-α levels that those with a lower BMI. We comprehensively evaluated inflammatory parameters in relation to IBD activity and nutritional status. The discrepancies between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory parameters depending on IBD activity may be related to nutritional factors, including diet and abnormal body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dąbek-Drobny
- Unit of Clinical Dietetics, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piątek-Guziewicz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Woźniakiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Woźniakiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Szczyrk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Strzałka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Unit of Clinical Dietetics, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
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Chen Y, Wang M, Wang W, Zeng Y, Fan X, Tu M, Ma Y, Wei D. Metabolic Engineering for the Comprehensive Utilization of N, N-Dimethylformamide-Containing Wastewater. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:13574-13582. [PMID: 36223298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
N, N-dimethylformamide is frequently present in industrial wastewater and is environmentally detrimental. The current study aims to assess the utilization and biodegradation of N, N-dimethylformamide-containing wastewater to lessen the associated environmental load. Results show that addition of wastewater containing N, N-dimethylformamide to Trichoderma reesei fermentation media enhances cellulase production and facilitates cellulose hydrolysis. However, N, N-dimethylformamide is a cellulase enhancer that is not degraded during cellulase production in T. reesei fermentation and is retained in the N, N-dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulase solution. Indeed, the cellulosic sugar solution generated via lignocellulose hydrolysis with N, N-dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulase retains N, N-dimethylformamide. We further identified three core enzyme modules─N, N-dimethylformamidase, dimethylamine dehydrogenase, and methylamine dehydrogenase enzyme─which were inserted into Escherichia coli to develop metabolically engineered strains. These strains degraded N, N-dimethylformamide and produced succinate using N, N-dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulosic sugar as the substrate. The platform described here can be applied to effectively convert waste into valuable bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Chen
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Jiangsu YIMING Biological Technology CO., LTD, 22 Wenzhou Road, Shuyang County, Suqian City, Jiangsu 223699, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingjia Fan
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Dr, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Yushu Ma
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Lee WC, Yu HR, Tain YL, Wu KL, Chuang YC, Chan JY. Vinpocetine Ameliorates Metabolic-Syndrome-Associated Bladder Overactivity in Fructose-Fed Rats by Restoring Succinate-Modulated cAMP Levels and Exerting Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Bladder Detrusor Muscle. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2716. [PMID: 36359236 PMCID: PMC9687486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate and its receptor, the G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91), have pathological implications in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated bladder dysfunction, particularly in decreasing bladder cAMP levels and promoting proinflammation. Using fructose-fed rats (FFRs), a rat model of MetS, we investigate the effects of vinpocetine (a phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitor) and celecoxib (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) on MetS-associated bladder overactivity. Phenotypes of the overactive bladder, including increased micturition frequency and a shortened intercontractile interval in cystometry, were observed in FFRs, together with elevated succinate levels in the liver and serum and the downregulation of GPR91 in the liver and urinary bladder. Treatments with vinpocetine and celecoxib improved tissue fibrosis and ameliorated the overexpression of the inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, in the liver and bladder. In bladder organ bath studies, vinpocetine, but not celecoxib, treatment restored the contraction and relaxation responses of the detrusor muscle strip in response to KCl, carbachol, and forskolin stimulation. At a molecular level, vinpocetine and celecoxib treatments modulated the downstream messengers of GPR91 (i.e., ERK1/2 and JNK), suppressed NF-κB and IL-1β expressions in the bladder, and prevented the fibrogenesis observed in FFRs. The exogenous application of succinate to a bladder organ bath significantly reduced the forskolin-induced cAMP production by the detrusor muscle, which was notably restored in the presence of vinpocetine. Together, these results suggest that vinpocetine may alleviate the MetS-associated bladder overactivity by restoring the succinate-modulated detrusor cAMP production and exerting the anti-inflammatory effects in the bladder detrusor muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chia Lee
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Paediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Paediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kay L.H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y.H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Huang LY, Ma JY, Song JX, Xu JJ, Hong R, Fan HD, Cai H, Wang W, Wang YL, Hu ZL, Shen JG, Qi SH. Ischemic accumulation of succinate induces Cdc42 succinylation and inhibits neural stem cell proliferation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1040-1045. [PMID: 36254990 PMCID: PMC9827777 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic accumulation of succinate causes cerebral damage by excess production of reactive oxygen species. However, it is unknown whether ischemic accumulation of succinate affects neural stem cell proliferation. In this study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. We found that succinate levels increased in serum and brain tissue (cortex and hippocampus) after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation stimulated primary neural stem cells to produce abundant succinate. Succinate can be converted into diethyl succinate in cells. Exogenous diethyl succinate inhibited the proliferation of mouse-derived C17.2 neural stem cells and increased the infarct volume in the rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exogenous diethyl succinate also increased the succinylation of the Rho family GTPase Cdc42 but repressed Cdc42 GTPase activity in C17.2 cells. Increasing Cdc42 succinylation by knockdown of the desuccinylase Sirt5 also inhibited Cdc42 GTPase activity in C17.2 cells. Our findings suggest that ischemic accumulation of succinate decreases Cdc42 GTPase activity by induction of Cdc42 succinylation, which inhibits the proliferation of neural stem cells and aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ju-Yun Ma
- College of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Song
- College of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Hong
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Di Fan
- College of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heng Cai
- College of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wan Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Li Hu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Gang Shen
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Su-Hua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,College of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence to: Su-Hua Qi, .
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Tong W, Hannou SA, Wang Y, Astapova I, Sargsyan A, Monn R, Thiriveedi V, Li D, McCann JR, Rawls JF, Roper J, Zhang GF, Herman MA. The intestine is a major contributor to circulating succinate in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22546. [PMID: 36106538 PMCID: PMC9523828 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200135rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the epicenter of cellular aerobic metabolism. TCA cycle intermediates facilitate energy production and provide anabolic precursors, but also function as intra- and extracellular metabolic signals regulating pleiotropic biological processes. Despite the importance of circulating TCA cycle metabolites as signaling molecules, the source of circulating TCA cycle intermediates remains uncertain. We observe that in mice, the concentration of TCA cycle intermediates in the portal blood exceeds that in tail blood indicating that the gut is a major contributor to circulating TCA cycle metabolites. With a focus on succinate as a representative of a TCA cycle intermediate with signaling activities and using a combination of gut microbiota depletion mouse models and isotopomer tracing, we demonstrate that intestinal microbiota is not a major contributor to circulating succinate. Moreover, we demonstrate that endogenous succinate production is markedly higher than intestinal succinate absorption in normal physiological conditions. Altogether, these results indicate that endogenous succinate production within the intestinal tissue is a major physiological source of circulating succinate. These results provide a foundation for an investigation into the role of the intestine in regulating circulating TCA cycle metabolites and their potential signaling effects on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hannou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - You Wang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Inna Astapova
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashot Sargsyan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruby Monn
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Diana Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica R. McCann
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guo-fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A. Herman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Lamy C, Tissot H, Faron M, Baudin E, Lamartina L, Pradon C, Al Ghuzlan A, Leboulleux S, Perfettini JL, Paci A, Hadoux J, Broutin S. Succinate: A Serum Biomarker of SDHB-Mutated Paragangliomas and Pheochromocytomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2801-2810. [PMID: 35948272 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that are frequently associated with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) germline mutations. When mutated, SDH losses its function, thus leading to succinate accumulation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated serum succinate levels as a new metabolic biomarker in SDHx-related carriers. METHODS Retrospective monocentric study of 88 PPGL patients (43 sporadic, 35 SDHB, 10 SDHA/C/D), 17 tumor-free familial asymptomatic carriers (13 SDHB, 4 SDHC/D), and 60 healthy controls. Clinical, biological, and imaging data were reviewed. Serum succinate levels (n = 280) were quantified by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry method and correlated to SDHx mutational status, disease extension, and other biological biomarkers. RESULTS Serum succinate levels > 7 μM allowed identification of tumor-free asymptomatic SDHB-mutated cases compared to a healthy control group (100% specificity; 85% sensitivity). At PPGL diagnosis, SDHB-mutated patients had a significantly increased median succinate level (14 μM) compared to sporadic patients (8 μM) (P < 0.01). Metastatic disease extension was correlated to serum succinate levels (r = 0.81). In the SDHB group, patients displaying highest tumor burdens showed significant increased succinate levels compared to the sporadic group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, we showed that serum succinate level is an oncometabolic biomarker that should be useful to identify SDHB-related carriers. Succinate levels are also a marker of metabolic tumor burden in patients with a metastatic PPGL and a potential marker of treatment response and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Lamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Inserm UMR1030, Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Hubert Tissot
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Faron
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Digestive Surgery, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Baudin
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Endocrine Oncology, Villejuif, France
| | - Livia Lamartina
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Endocrine Oncology, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Pradon
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Villejuif, France
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Inserm UMR1030, Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Angelo Paci
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Inserm UMR1030, Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Hadoux
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Endocrine Oncology, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Broutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Inserm UMR1030, Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Villejuif, France
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Yu W, Moninger TO, Rector MV, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells sense succinate to stimulate myoepithelial cell contraction. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2221-2236.e5. [PMID: 36108628 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are rare airway cells with potential sensory capacity linked to vagal neurons and immune cells. How PNECs sense and respond to external stimuli remains poorly understood. We discovered PNECs located within pig and human submucosal glands, a tissue that produces much of the mucus that defends the lung. These PNECs sense succinate, an inflammatory molecule in liquid lining the airway surface. The results indicate that succinate migrates down the submucosal gland duct to the acinus, where it triggers apical succinate receptors, causing PNECs to release ATP. The short-range ATP signal stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells wrapped tightly around the submucosal glands. Succinate-triggered gland contraction may complement the action of neurotransmitters that induce mucus release but not gland contraction to promote mucus ejection onto the airway surface. These findings identify a local circuit in which rare PNECs within submucosal glands sense an environmental cue to orchestrate the function of airway glands.
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Guo Y, Xu F, Thomas SC, Zhang Y, Paul B, Sakilam S, Chae S, Li P, Almeter C, Kamer AR, Arora P, Graves DT, Saxena D, Li X. Targeting the succinate receptor effectively inhibits periodontitis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111389. [PMID: 36130514 PMCID: PMC9533417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases in humans and is initiated by an oral microbial dysbiosis that stimulates inflammation and bone loss. Here, we report an abnormal elevation of succinate in the subgingival plaque of subjects with severe PD. Succinate activates succinate receptor-1 (SUCNR1) and stimulates inflammation. We detected SUCNR1 expression in the human and mouse periodontium and hypothesize that succinate activates SUCNR1 to accelerate periodontitis through the inflammatory response. Administration of exogenous succinate enhanced periodontal disease, whereas SUCNR1 knockout mice were protected from inflammation, oral dysbiosis, and subsequent periodontal bone loss in two different models of periodontitis. Therapeutic studies demonstrated that a SUCNR1 antagonist inhibited inflammatory events and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and reduced periodontal bone loss in vivo. Our study reveals succinate’s effect on periodontitis pathogenesis and provides a topical treatment for this disease. Periodontitis is the most prevalent adult oral disease. Guo et al. show elevation of succinate in periodontitis, which aggravates the disease through the succinate receptor (SUCNR1). They developed a gel formulation of a small compound specifically blocking SUCNR1 to prevent and treat periodontitis by inhibiting dysbiosis, inflammation, and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Fangxi Xu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Scott C Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Bidisha Paul
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Satish Sakilam
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sungpil Chae
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Patty Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Caleb Almeter
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Angela R Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Paramjit Arora
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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63
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Tang X, Rönnberg E, Säfholm J, Thulasingam M, Trauelsen M, Schwartz TW, Wheelock CE, Dahlén S, Nilsson G, Haeggström JZ. Activation of succinate receptor 1 boosts human mast cell reactivity and allergic bronchoconstriction. Allergy 2022; 77:2677-2687. [PMID: 35122266 PMCID: PMC9545225 DOI: 10.1111/all.15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SUCNR1 is a sensor of extracellular succinate, a Krebs cycle intermediate generated in excess during oxidative stress and has been linked to metabolic regulation and inflammation. While mast cells express SUCNR1, its role in mast cell reactivity and allergic conditions such as asthma remains to be elucidated. METHODS Cord blood-derived mast cells and human mast cell line LAD-2 challenged by SUCNR1 ligands were analyzed for the activation and mediator release. Effects on mast cell-dependent bronchoconstriction were assessed in guinea pig trachea and isolated human small bronchi challenged with antigen and anti-IgE, respectively. RESULTS SUCNR1 is abundantly expressed on human mast cells. Challenge with succinate, or the synthetic non-metabolite agonist cis-epoxysuccinate, renders mast cells hypersensitive to IgE-dependent activation, resulting in augmented degranulation and histamine release, de novo biosynthesis of eicosanoids and cytokine secretion. The succinate-potentiated mast cell reactivity was attenuated by SUCNR1 knockdown and selective SUCNR1 antagonists and could be tuned by pharmacologically targeting protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Both succinate and cis-epoxysuccinate dose-dependently potentiated antigen-induced contraction in a mast cell-dependent guinea pig airway model, associated with increased generation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and histamine in trachea. Similarly, cis-epoxysuccinate aggravated IgE-receptor-induced contraction of human bronchi, which was blocked by SUCNR1 antagonism. CONCLUSION SUCNR1 amplifies IgE-receptor-induced mast cell activation and allergic bronchoconstriction, suggesting a role for this pathway in aggravation of allergic asthma, thus linking metabolic perturbations to mast cell-dependent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Division of Physiological Chemistry IIDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Division of Immunology and AllergyDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Jesper Säfholm
- Unit of Experimental Asthma and Allergy ResearchInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Madhuranayaki Thulasingam
- Division of Physiological Chemistry IIDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mette Trauelsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thue W. Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry IIDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Sven‐Erik Dahlén
- Unit of Experimental Asthma and Allergy ResearchInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Respiratory MedicineKarolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholmSweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Division of Immunology and AllergyDepartment of Medicine SolnaKarolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden,Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry IIDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Nico KF, Tyner MDW, Howitt MR. Succinate and tuft cells: How does this sensory process interface with food allergy? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:580-582. [PMID: 35934085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine F Nico
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Miles D W Tyner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Michael R Howitt
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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65
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Gudgeon N, Munford H, Bishop EL, Hill J, Fulton-Ward T, Bending D, Roberts J, Tennant DA, Dimeloe S. Succinate uptake by T cells suppresses their effector function via inhibition of mitochondrial glucose oxidation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111193. [PMID: 35977513 PMCID: PMC9638018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) loss-of-function mutations drive succinate accumulation in tumor microenvironments, for example in the neuroendocrine tumors pheochromocytoma (PC) and paraganglioma (PG). Control of innate immune cell activity by succinate is described, but effects on T cells have not been interrogated. Here we report that exposure of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to tumor-associated succinate concentrations suppresses degranulation and cytokine secretion, including of the key anti-tumor cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Mechanistically, this is associated with succinate uptake-partly via the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1)-inhibition of succinyl coenzyme A synthetase activity and impaired glucose flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Consistently, pharmacological and genetic interventions restoring glucose oxidation rescue T cell function. Tumor RNA-sequencing data from patients with PC and PG reveal profound suppression of IFN-γ-induced genes in SDH-deficient tumors compared with those with other mutations, supporting a role for succinate in modulating the anti-tumor immune response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Gudgeon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Hill
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Taylor Fulton-Ward
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Pinget GV, Tan JK, Ni D, Taitz J, Daien CI, Mielle J, Moore RJ, Stanley D, Simpson S, King NJC, Macia L. Dysbiosis in imiquimod-induced psoriasis alters gut immunity and exacerbates colitis development. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111191. [PMID: 35977500 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis has long been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, a causal link is yet to be established. Here, we demonstrate that imiquimod-induced psoriasis (IMQ-pso) in mice disrupts gut homeostasis, characterized by increased proportions of colonic CX3CR1hi macrophages, altered cytokine production, and bacterial dysbiosis. Gut microbiota from these mice produce higher levels of succinate, which induce de novo proliferation of CX3CR1hi macrophages ex vivo, while disrupted gut homeostasis primes IMQ-pso mice for more severe colitis with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) challenge. These results demonstrate that changes in the gut environment in psoriasis lead to greater susceptibility to IBD in mice, suggesting a two-hit requirement, that is, psoriasis-induced altered gut homeostasis and a secondary environmental challenge. This may explain the increased prevalence of IBD in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Veronica Pinget
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jian Kai Tan
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jemma Taitz
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Claire Immediato Daien
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier & INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, PhyMedExp, 9214 Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Mielle
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier & INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, PhyMedExp, 9214 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Kawana, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Stephen Simpson
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases Theme, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Fedotcheva N, Beloborodova N. Influence of Microbial Metabolites and Itaconic Acid Involved in Bacterial Inflammation on the Activity of Mitochondrial Enzymes and the Protective Role of Alkalization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9069. [PMID: 36012366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota produces metabolites that may enter the bloodstream and exert systemic influence on various functions including mitochondrial. Mitochondria are not only a target for microbial metabolites, but also themselves, due to the inhibition of several enzymes, produce metabolites involved in infectious processes and immune response. The influence of indolic acids, microbial derivatives of tryptophan, as well as itaconic acid, formed in the tricarboxylic acid cycle under the action of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, on the activity of mitochondrial enzymes was studied by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and pyridine nucleotide fluorescence assays. Thus, it was found that indolic acids suppressed succinate and glutamate oxidation, shifting the redox potential of pyridine nucleotides to a more oxidized state. Itaconic acid, in addition to the well-known inhibition of succinate oxidation, also decreased NAD reduction in reactions with glutamate as a substrate. Unlike itaconic acid, indolic acids are not direct inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase as their effects could be partially eliminated by the thiol antioxidant dithiothreitol (DTT) and the scavenger of lipid radicals butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT). Alkalization turned out to be the most effective means to decrease the action of these metabolites, including itaconic acid, which is due to the protective influence on redox-dependent processes. Thus, among mitochondrial oxidative enzymes, the most accessible targets of these microbial-related metabolites are succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase. These are important in the context of the shifting of metabolic pathways involved in bacterial inflammation and sepsis as well as the detection of new markers of these pathologies.
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Rendulić T, Mendonça Bahia F, Soares-Silva I, Nevoigt E, Casal M. The Dicarboxylate Transporters from the AceTr Family and Dct-02 Oppositely Affect Succinic Acid Production in S. cerevisiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:822. [PMID: 36012810 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters are important targets in metabolic engineering to establish and improve the production of chemicals such as succinic acid from renewable resources by microbial cell factories. We recently provided a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain able to strongly overproduce succinic acid from glycerol and CO2 in which the Dct-02 transporter from Aspergillus niger, assumed to be an anion channel, was used to export succinic acid from the cells. In a different study, we reported a new group of succinic acid transporters from the AceTr family, which were also described as anion channels. Here, we expressed these transporters in a succinic acid overproducing strain and compared their impact on extracellular succinic acid accumulation with that of the Dct-02 transporter. The results show that the tested transporters of the AceTr family hinder succinic acid accumulation in the extracellular medium at low pH, which is in strong contrast to Dct-02. Data suggests that the AceTr transporters prefer monovalent succinate, whereas Dct-02 prefers divalent succinate anions. In addition, the results provided deeper insights into the characteristics of Dct-02, showing its ability to act as a succinic acid importer (thus being bidirectional) and verifying its capability of exporting malate.
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69
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Elia I, Rowe JH, Johnson S, Joshi S, Notarangelo G, Kurmi K, Weiss S, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. Tumor cells dictate anti-tumor immune responses by altering pyruvate utilization and succinate signaling in CD8 + T cells. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1137-1150.e6. [PMID: 35820416 PMCID: PMC9357162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique metabolic niche that can inhibit T cell metabolism and cytotoxicity. To dissect the metabolic interplay between tumors and T cells, we establish an in vitro system that recapitulates the metabolic niche of the TME and allows us to define cell-specific metabolism. We identify tumor-derived lactate as an inhibitor of CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, revealing an unexpected metabolic shunt in the TCA cycle. Metabolically fit cytotoxic T cells shunt succinate out of the TCA cycle to promote autocrine signaling via the succinate receptor (SUCNR1). Cytotoxic T cells are reliant on pyruvate carboxylase (PC) to replenish TCA cycle intermediates. By contrast, lactate reduces PC-mediated anaplerosis. The inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is sufficient to restore PC activity, succinate secretion, and the activation of SUCNR1. These studies identify PDH as a potential drug target to allow CD8+ T cells to retain cytotoxicity and overcome a lactate-enriched TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Elia
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jared H Rowe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sheila Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shakchhi Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giulia Notarangelo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kiran Kurmi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Weiss
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Detraux D, Renard P. Succinate as a New Actor in Pluripotency and Early Development? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070651. [PMID: 35888775 PMCID: PMC9325148 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells have been stabilized from pre- and post-implantation blastocysts, representing respectively naïve and primed stages of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with distinct epigenetic, metabolic and transcriptomic features. Beside these two well characterized pluripotent stages, several intermediate states have been reported, as well as a small subpopulation of cells that have reacquired features of the 2C-embryo (2C-like cells) in naïve mouse ESC culture. Altogether, these represent a continuum of distinct pluripotency stages, characterized by metabolic transitions, for which we propose a new role for a long-known metabolite: succinate. Mostly seen as the metabolite of the TCA, succinate is also at the crossroad of several mitochondrial biochemical pathways. Its role also extends far beyond the mitochondrion, as it can be secreted, modify proteins by lysine succinylation and inhibit the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, such as prolyl hydroxylase (PHDs) or histone and DNA demethylases. When released in the extracellular compartment, succinate can trigger several key transduction pathways after binding to SUCNR1, a G-Protein Coupled Receptor. In this review, we highlight the different intra- and extracellular roles that succinate might play in the fields of early pluripotency and embryo development.
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Pardella E, Ippolito L, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Nutritional and metabolic signalling through GPCRs. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2364-2381. [PMID: 35776088 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is a well-known feature of several challenging diseases, including diabetes, obesity and cancer. Besides their important role as intracellular bioenergetic molecules, dietary nutrients and metabolic intermediates are released in the extracellular environment. As such, they may achieve unconventional roles as hormone-like molecules by activating cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate several pathophysiological processes. In this review, we provide an insight into the role of lactate, succinate, fatty acids, amino acids, ketogenesis-derived and β-oxidation-derived intermediates as extracellular signalling molecules. Moreover, the mechanisms by which their cognate metabolite-sensing GPCRs integrate nutritional and metabolic signals with specific intracellular pathways will be described. A better comprehension of these aspects is of fundamental importance to identify GPCRs as novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pardella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Background The metabolite succinate accumulates during cardiac ischemia. Within 5 minutes of reperfusion, succinate returns to baseline levels via both its release from cells and oxidation by mitochondrial complex II. The latter drives reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pore, leading to cell death. Targeting succinate dynamics (accumulation/oxidation/release) may be therapeutically beneficial in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. It has been proposed that blocking MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1) may be beneficial in IR injury, by preventing succinate release and subsequent engagement of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. In contrast, herein we hypothesized that blocking MCT1 would retain succinate in cells, exacerbating ROS generation and IR injury. Methods and Results Using the mitochondrial ROS probe mitoSOX and a custom‐built murine heart perfusion rig built into a spectrofluorometer, we measured ROS generation in situ during the first moments of reperfusion. We found that acute MCT1 inhibition enhanced mitochondrial ROS generation at reperfusion and worsened IR injury (recovery of function and infarct size). Both of these effects were abrogated by tandem inhibition of mitochondrial complex II, suggesting that succinate retention worsens IR because it drives more mitochondrial ROS generation. Furthermore, using the PT pore inhibitor cyclosporin A, along with monitoring of PT pore opening via the mitochondrial membrane potential indicator tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, we herein provide evidence that ROS generation during early reperfusion is upstream of the PT pore, not downstream as proposed by others. In addition, pore opening was exacerbated by MCT1 inhibition. Conclusions Together, these findings highlight the importance of succinate dynamics and mitochondrial ROS generation as key determinants of PT pore opening and IR injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Milliken
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY
| | - Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY
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Zhou X, Liu Y, Xiong X, Chen J, Tang W, He L, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Li F. Intestinal accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of microRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2091369. [PMID: 35758253 PMCID: PMC9235893 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease is a common health problem with complex causality. Although diarrhea is accompanied by disturbances in microbial diversity, how gut microbes are involved in the occurrence of diarrhea remains largely unknown. Here, using a pig model of post-weaning stress-induced diarrhea, we aim to elucidate and enrich the mechanistic basis of diarrhea. We found significant alterations in fecal microbiome, their metabolites, and microRNAs levels in piglets with diarrhea. Specifically, loss of ssc-miRNA-425-5p and ssc-miRNA-423-3p, which inhibit the gene expression of fumarate reductase (frd) in Prevotella genus, caused succinate accumulation in piglets, which resulted in diarrhea. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated impaired epithelial function and increased immune response in the colon of piglet with diarrhea. Notably, the accumulated succinate increased colonic fluid secretion by regulating transepithelial Cl-secretion in the epithelial cells. Meanwhile, succinate promoted colonic inflammatory responses by activating MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling in the macrophages. Overall, our findings expand the mechanistic basis of diarrhea and suggest that colonic accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of miRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,CONTACT Liuqin He
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yulong Yin
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Fengna Li No 644, Yuanda 2nd Road, Furong District, Changsha, China
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Stupin V, Abramov I, Gahramanov T, Kovalenko A, Manturova N, Litvitskiy P, Balkizov Z, Silina E. Comparative Study of the Results of Operations in Patients with Tumor and Non-Tumor Obstructive Jaundice Who Received and Did Not Receive Antioxidant Therapy for the Correction of Endotoxemia, Glycolysis, and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061203. [PMID: 35740100 PMCID: PMC9219634 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the results of surgical treatment and changes in biomarkers of cholestasis, endotoxicosis, cytolysis, lipid peroxidation, glycolysis disorders, and inflammation in patients with benign and malignant obstructive jaundice (OJ) in patients receiving and not receiving antioxidant pharmacotherapy (AOT). Patients and methods: The study included 113 patients (aged 21–90 years; 47 males and 66 females) who received surgical intervention for OJ due to non-malignant (71%) or malignant tumor (29%) etiologies. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 61) who did not receive AOT and Group II (n = 51) who received AOT (succinate-containing drug Reamberin) as part of detoxification infusion therapy. The surgical approach and scope of interventions in both groups were identical. Dynamic indicators of endotoxicosis, cholestasis, and cytolysis (total, direct, and indirect bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AP] and gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT]), kidney function (urea), lipid peroxidation (malonic dialdehyde, MDA), inflammation (leukocytosis), and glycolysis disorders (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose) were evaluated. Results: Tumor jaundice, unlike non-tumor jaundice, persisted and was characterized by a more severe course, a higher level of hyperbilirubinemia, and lipid peroxidation. The prognostic value of the direct (and total) bilirubin, MDA, glycemia, and leukocytosis levels on the day of hospitalization, which increased significantly in severe jaundice and, especially, in deceased patients, was established. Decompression interventions significantly reduced levels of markers of liver failure, cytolysis, cholestasis, and lipid peroxidation on day 3 after decompression by 1.5–3 times from initial levels; this is better achieved in non-tumor OJ. However, 8 days after decompression, most patients did not normalize the parameters studied in both groups. AOT favorably influenced the dynamics (on day 8 after decompression) of total and direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, MDA, and leukocytosis in non-tumor jaundice, as well as the dynamics of direct bilirubin, AST, MDA, glucose, and LDH in tumor jaundice. Clinically, in the AOT group, a two-fold reduction in the operative and non-operative complications was recorded (from 23% to 11.5%), a reduction in the duration of biliary drainage by 30%, the length of stay in intensive care units was reduced by 5 days, and even hospital mortality decreased, especially in malignancy-induced OJ. Conclusion: A mechanism for the development of liver failure in OJ is oxidative stress with the appearance of enhanced lipid peroxidation and accompanied by hepatocyte necrosis. Inclusion of AOT in perioperative treatment in these patients improves treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Igor Abramov
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Teymur Gahramanov
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Alexey Kovalenko
- Chemical Analytical Department, Institute of Toxicology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalia Manturova
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Petr Litvitskiy
- Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Zalim Balkizov
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9689559784
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Della Rosa MM, Sandoval E, Reid P, Luo D, Pacheco D, Janssen PH, Jonker A. Substituting ryegrass-based pasture with graded levels of forage rape in the diet of lambs decreases methane emissions and increases propionate, succinate, and primary alcohols in the rumen. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6611708. [PMID: 35723288 PMCID: PMC9486902 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding 100% forage rape to sheep consistently lowers methane emissions per unit of intake (CH4/DMI) compared to those fed 100% ryegrass pasture. However, forage rape is usually supplemented with other feeds, which might impact the mitigation potential provided by forage rape. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of substituting ryegrass with graded levels of forage rape in the diet of lambs on methane emissions and rumen fermentation characteristics. Seventy wether lambs (n=14/treatment) were fed a ryegrass-based pasture substituted with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of forage rape (Brassica napus; FR0, FR25, FR50, FR75, FR100, respectively) on a dry matter basis. Methane emissions and dry matter intake were measured for 48 h in respiration chambers and a rumen fluid sample was collected. CH4/DMI decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing forage rape inclusion in the diet, so that sheep fed FR100 and FR75 emitted 34 % and 11% less, respectively, than those fed FR0. CH4/DMI differences for lambs fed FR25 and FR50 were much smaller (< 6%) relative to FR0. The pH of rumen fluid decreased (P < 0.01) at higher levels of forage rape inclusion in the diet (FR75 and FR100) compared to low levels of inclusion (FR0, F25 and F50). The proportion of ruminal acetate was least in FR100 (30%) followed by FR75 (10%), FR50 (8%) and FR25 (4%) compared with FR0 (P < 0.001). The proportion of propionate plus succinate was greater for FR100 (+40%), FR75 (+28%) and FR50 (+29%) compared with FR0, with FR25 intermediate (P < 0.001). The methanol concentration, and ethanol and propanol proportions in rumen fluid were greater for FR100 compared with any other treatment (P < 0.001). In conclusion, CH4/DMI decreased at high levels of forage rape inclusion in the diet and especially feeding FR100 was associated with a pronounced shift in rumen fermentation profile, with significant presence of succinate, ethanol, propanol, methanol, valerate and caproate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Della Rosa
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Edgar Sandoval
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Peter Reid
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Dongwen Luo
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Pacheco
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Peter H Janssen
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Arjan Jonker
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Hass DT, Bisbach CM, Robbings BM, Sadilek M, Sweet IR, Hurley JB. Succinate metabolism in the retinal pigment epithelium uncouples respiration from ATP synthesis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110917. [PMID: 35675773 PMCID: PMC9251713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumarate can be a surrogate for O2 as a terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Reduction of fumarate produces succinate, which can be exported. It is debated whether intact tissues can import and oxidize succinate produced by other tissues. In a previous report, we showed that mitochondria in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid preparations can use succinate to reduce O2 to H2O. However, cells in that preparation could have been disrupted during tissue isolation. We now use multiple strategies to quantify intactness of the isolated RPE-choroid tissue. We find that exogenous 13C4-succinate is oxidized by intact cells then exported as fumarate or malate. Unexpectedly, we also find that oxidation of succinate is different from oxidation of other substrates because it uncouples electron transport from ATP synthesis. Retinas produce and export succinate. Our findings imply that retina succinate may substantially increase O2 consumption by uncoupling adjacent RPE mitochondria. The retina releases succinate, a source of reducing power for mitochondria. Hass et al. outline a pathway by which retina succinate can enter intact RPE-choroid cells and stimulate mitochondrial respiration that is uncoupled from ATP synthesis. Rapid RPE succinate oxidation may limit O2 levels in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Hass
- Biochemistry Department, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Celia M Bisbach
- Biochemistry Department, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA
| | - Brian M Robbings
- Biochemistry Department, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Diabetes Institute, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Martin Sadilek
- Chemistry Department, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian R Sweet
- Diabetes Institute, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James B Hurley
- Biochemistry Department, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Opthalmology Department, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Holmes AP, Swiderska A, Nathanael D, Aldossary HS, Ray CJ, Coney AM, Kumar P. Are Multiple Mitochondrial Related Signalling Pathways Involved in Carotid Body Oxygen Sensing? Front Physiol 2022; 13:908617. [PMID: 35711317 PMCID: PMC9194093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.908617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that the carotid body (CB) type I cell mitochondria are unique, being inhibited by relatively small falls in PaO2 well above those known to inhibit electron transport in other cell types. This feature is suggested to allow for the CB to function as an acute O2 sensor, being stimulated and activating systemic protective reflexes before the metabolism of other cells becomes compromised. What is less clear is precisely how a fall in mitochondrial activity links to type I cell depolarisation, a process that is required for initiation of the chemotransduction cascade and post-synaptic action potential generation. Multiple mitochondrial/metabolic signalling mechanisms have been proposed including local generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), a change in mitochondrial/cellular redox status, a fall in MgATP and an increase in lactate. Although each mechanism is based on compelling experimental evidence, they are all not without question. The current review aims to explore the importance of each of these signalling pathways in mediating the overall CB response to hypoxia. We suggest that there is unlikely to be a single mechanism, but instead multiple mitochondrial related signalling pathways are recruited at different PaO2s during hypoxia. Furthermore, it still remains to be determined if mitochondrial signalling acts independently or in partnership with extra-mitochondrial O2-sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Holmes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Swiderska
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Demitris Nathanael
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hayyaf S. Aldossary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- College of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Clare J. Ray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Coney
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Prem Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Bardallo RG, Da Silva RT, Carbonell T, Palmeira C, Folch-Puy E, Roselló-Catafau J, Adam R, Panisello-Rosello A. Liver Graft Hypothermic Static and Oxygenated Perfusion (HOPE) Strategies: A Mitochondrial Crossroads. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5742. [PMID: 35628554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal liver grafts, such as steatotic livers and those from cardiac death donors, are highly vulnerable to ischemia–reperfusion injury that occurs in the complex route of the graft from “harvest to revascularization”. Recently, several preservation methods have been developed to preserve liver grafts based on hypothermic static preservation and hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) strategies, either combined or alone. However, their effects on mitochondrial functions and their relevance have not yet been fully investigated, especially if different preservation solutions/effluents are used. Ischemic liver graft damage is caused by oxygen deprivation conditions during cold storage that provoke alterations in mitochondrial integrity and function and energy metabolism breakdown. This review deals with the relevance of mitochondrial machinery in cold static preservation and how the mitochondrial respiration function through the accumulation of succinate at the end of cold ischemia is modulated by different preservation solutions such as IGL-2, HTK, and UW (gold-standard reference). IGL-2 increases mitochondrial integrity and function (ALDH2) when compared to UW and HTK. This mitochondrial protection by IGL-2 also extends to protective HOPE strategies when used as an effluent instead of Belzer MP. The transient oxygenation in HOPE sustains the mitochondrial machinery at basal levels and prevents, in part, the accumulation of energy metabolites such as succinate in contrast to those that occur in cold static preservation conditions. Additionally, several additives for combating oxygen deprivation and graft energy metabolism breakdown during hypothermic static preservation such as oxygen carriers, ozone, AMPK inducers, and mitochondrial UCP2 inhibitors, and whether they are or not to be combined with HOPE, are presented and discussed. Finally, we affirm that IGL-2 solution is suitable for protecting graft mitochondrial machinery and simplifying the complex logistics in clinical transplantation where traditional (static preservation) and innovative (HOPE) strategies may be combined. New mitochondrial markers are presented and discussed. The final goal is to take advantage of marginal livers to increase the pool of suitable organs and thereby shorten patient waiting lists at transplantation clinics.
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Cui W, Huang Z, Pfeifer GP. Lack of Major Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Changes in Succinate-Treated Human Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5663. [PMID: 35628470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolite, succinate, is a competitive inhibitor of dioxygenase enzymes that require alpha ketoglutarate as a cofactor. One family of dioxygenases are the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, which oxidize 5-methylcytosine to promote DNA demethylation. Inhibition of DNA demethylation is expected to lead to DNA hypermethylation, at least at genomic regions at which TET proteins are engaged. We treated human bronchial epithelial cells with succinate for five days and confirmed its effect on TET protein function by observing diminished formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, the first oxidation product of the TET enzymatic reaction. We then analyzed global DNA methylation patterns by performing whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Unexpectedly, we did not observe differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that reached genome-wide statistical significance. We observed a few regions of clustered DNA hypomethylation, which was also not expected based on the proposed mechanisms. We discuss potential explanations for our observations and the implications of these findings for tumorigenesis.
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Menail HA, Cormier SB, Ben Youssef M, Jørgensen LB, Vickruck JL, Morin P, Boudreau LH, Pichaud N. Flexible Thermal Sensitivity of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Substrate Oxidation in Flying Insect Species. Front Physiol 2022; 13:897174. [PMID: 35547573 PMCID: PMC9081799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been suggested to be paramount for temperature adaptation in insects. Considering the large range of environments colonized by this taxon, we hypothesized that species surviving large temperature changes would be those with the most flexible mitochondria. We thus investigated the responses of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to temperature in three flying insects: the honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica), the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Specifically, we measured oxygen consumption in permeabilized flight muscles of these species at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 45°C, sequentially using complex I substrates, proline, succinate, and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Complex I respiration rates (CI-OXPHOS) were very sensitive to temperature in honeybees and fruit flies with high oxygen consumption at mid-range temperatures but a sharp decline at high temperatures. Proline oxidation triggers a major increase in respiration only in potato beetles, following the same pattern as CI-OXPHOS for honeybees and fruit flies. Moreover, both succinate and G3P oxidation allowed an important increase in respiration at high temperatures in honeybees and fruit flies (and to a lesser extent in potato beetles). However, when reaching 45°C, this G3P-induced respiration rate dropped dramatically in fruit flies. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial functions are more resilient to high temperatures in honeybees compared to fruit flies. They also indicate an important but species-specific mitochondrial flexibility for substrate oxidation to sustain high oxygen consumption levels at high temperatures and suggest previously unknown adaptive mechanisms of flying insects’ mitochondria to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem A Menail
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Simon B Cormier
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Mariem Ben Youssef
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Jess L Vickruck
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Pier Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
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81
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Moog S, Salgues B, Braik-Djellas Y, Viel T, Balvay D, Autret G, Robidel E, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Tavitian B, Lussey-Lepoutre C, Favier J. Preclinical evaluation of targeted therapies in Sdhb-mutated tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:375-388. [PMID: 35348472 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for metastatic SDHB-dependent pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are limited and poorly efficient. New targeted therapies and identification of early non-invasive biomarkers of response are thus urgently needed for these patients. We characterized an in vivo allograft model of spontaneously immortalized murine chromaffin cells (imCC) with inactivation of the Sdhb gene by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and 18FDG-PET. We evaluated the response to several therapies: IACS-010759 (mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor), sunitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic activity), talazoparib (poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor) combined or not to temozolomide (alkylating agent), pharmacological inhibitors of HIF2a (PT2385 and PT2977 (belzutifan)) and molecular inactivation of HIF2a (imCC Sdhb-/- shHIF2a). Multimodal imaging was performed, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to monitor the level of succinate in vivo. The allografted model of Sdhb-/- imCC reflected SDHB-deficient tumors, with increased angiogenesis and a particular avidity for 18FDG. After 14 days of treatment, IACS-010759, sunitinib and talazoparib at high doses allowed a significant reduction of the tumor volumes. In contrast to the tumor growth inhibition observed in Sdhb-/- shHIF2a imCC tumors, pharmacological inhibitors of HIF2a (PT2385 and belzutifan) showed no antitumor action in this model, alone or in combination with sunitinib. 1H-MRS, but not DCE-MRI, enabled the monitoring response to sunitinib, which was the best treatment in this study, promoting a decrease in succinate levels detected in vivo. This study paves the way for new therapeutic options and reveals a potential new early biomarker of response to treatment in SDHB-dependent PPGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Moog
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
| | - Betty Salgues
- PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Viel
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Balvay
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Robidel
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
- Plateforme d'Imageries du Vivant, Université de Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre
- PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Judith Favier
- Université de Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM UMR970, Paris, France
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82
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Xiao Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Quan J, Zhao X, Tang H, Wu H, Di Q, Wu Z, Chen W. Succinate Is a Natural Suppressor of Antiviral Immune Response by Targeting MAVS. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816378. [PMID: 35309330 PMCID: PMC8924363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate is at the crossroads of multiple metabolic pathways and plays a role in several immune responses acting as an inflammation signal. However, whether succinate regulates antiviral immune response remains unclear. Here, we found that the production of succinate was reduced in RAW264.7 cells during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Using diethyl succinate to pretreat the mouse peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells before VSV infection, the production of interferon-β (IFN-β), chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL-10), and IFN-stimulated genes 15 (ISG15) was significantly decreased, following which the VSV replication in diethyl succinate-pretreated cells was obviously increased. Moreover, succinate decreased the expression of IFN-β in serum, lung, and spleen derived from the VSV-infected mice. The overall survival rate in the VSV-infected mice with diethyl succinate pretreatment was also remarkably downregulated. Furthermore, we identified that succinate inhibited the activation of MAVS-TBK1-IRF3 signaling by suppressing the formation of MAVS aggregates. Our findings provide previously unrecognized roles of succinate in antiviral immune response and establish a novel link between metabolism and innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Technological Center, Changchun Customs, Changchun, China
| | - Jiazheng Quan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xibao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haimei Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianqian Di
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zherui Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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83
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Xu J, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang A, Wang X, Wang W, Hou Y, Wang J. Succinate/IL-1β Signaling Axis Promotes the Inflammatory Progression of Endothelial and Exacerbates Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817572. [PMID: 35273600 PMCID: PMC8901997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important driver of atherosclerosis. Succinate is a new extracellular inflammatory alarm released by activated macrophages. Succinate is sensed by succinate receptor 1 (Sucnr1) and then transferred to effector cells. It is worth exploring whether succinate is capable of facilitating the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. In this study, we firstly found that arterial serum of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) patients contained significantly higher succinate and interleukin (IL)-1β than Health control (HC) subjects, and succinate was positively correlated with IL-1β. As demonstrated by the in vitro study, succinate/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif)-1α/IL-1β signal axis existed and significantly facilitated the inflammatory program in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Under the coculture, activated macrophages released succinate, which would be transferred to HUVECs via Sucnr1 and then activate Hif-1α to produce a greater amount of IL-1β. Likewise, the aortic sinus’s inflammatory phenotype was found to be more significant within Apoe-/- mice that were injected with succinate. Furthermore, Sucnr1 inhibitor (NF-56-EJ40) could significantly interrupt succinate/IL-1β signal in HUVECs and macrophages. As revealed by this study, glycolytic metabolism following the release of succinate could be found in atherosclerotic pathology, and succinate would drive succinate/IL-1β signal dependent on Sucnr1 and then exacerbate inflammatory responses. Sucnr1 might be a novel target for cutting off the transduction of succinate signal to prevent the inflammation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yabing Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqing Zhao
- College of Second Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - An Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Weizong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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84
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Ming-Chin Lee K, Achuthan AA, De Souza DP, Lupancu TJ, Binger KJ, Lee MKS, Xu Y, McConville MJ, de Weerd NA, Dragoljevic D, Hertzog PJ, Murphy AJ, Hamilton JA, Fleetwood AJ. Type I interferon antagonism of the JMJD3-IRF4 pathway modulates macrophage activation and polarization. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110719. [PMID: 35443173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations can directly influence the scope and scale of macrophage activation and polarization. Here we explore the impact of type I interferon (IFNβ) on macrophage metabolism and its broader impact on cytokine signaling pathways. We find that IFNβ simultaneously increased the expression of immune-responsive gene 1 and itaconate production while inhibiting isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and restricting α-ketoglutarate accumulation. IFNβ also increased the flux of glutamine-derived carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle to boost succinate levels. Combined, we identify that IFNβ controls the cellular α-ketoglutarate/succinate ratio. We show that by lowering the α-ketoglutarate/succinate ratio, IFNβ potently blocks the JMJD3-IRF4-dependent pathway in GM-CSF and IL-4 activated macrophages. The suppressive effects of IFNβ on JMJD3-IRF4-dependent responses, including M2 polarization and GM-CSF-induced inflammatory pain, were reversed by supplementation with α-ketoglutarate. These results reveal that IFNβ modulates macrophage activation and polarization through control of the cellular α-ketoglutarate/succinate ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ming-Chin Lee
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Tanya J Lupancu
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yangsong Xu
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | | | - Dragana Dragoljevic
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- The Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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85
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Ledniowska K, Nosal-Kovalenko H, Janik W, Krasuska A, Stańczyk D, Sabura E, Bartoszewicz M, Rybak A. Effective, Environmentally Friendly PVC Plasticizers Based on Succinic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071295. [PMID: 35406169 PMCID: PMC9002721 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticizers used in this study were synthesized from renewable raw materials using succinic acid, oleic acid, and propylene glycol. Four environmentally friendly plasticizer samples were obtained; their chemical structures and compositions were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) analyses, and their physicochemical properties and thermal stability (TGA analysis) were investigated. The obtained ester mixtures were used as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticizers and their plasticization efficiency was determined in comparison to traditional, commercially available phthalate plasticizers, such as DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) and DINP (diisononyl phthalate). Mechanical properties and migration resistance were determined for soft PVC with the use of three concentrations of plasticizers (40 PHR, 50 PHR, and 60 PHR). It was observed that the obtained plasticizers exhibited the same plasticization efficiency and were characterized with good mechanical and physical properties in comparison to commercial plasticizers. The tensile strength was approx. 19 MPa, while the elongation at break was approx. 250% for all tested plasticizers at a concentration of 50 PHR. Furthermore, plasticizer migration studies showed that the synthesized plasticizers had excellent resistance to plasticizer leaching. The best migration test result obtained was 70% lower than that for DEHP or DINP. The ester mixture that was found to be the most favorable plasticizer was characterized by good thermal and thermo-oxidative stability (5% weight loss temperature: 227.8 °C in air and 261.1 °C in nitrogen). The results of the research clearly indicate that the synthesized esters can provide a green alternative to toxic phthalate plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ledniowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; (H.N.-K.); (W.J.); (A.K.); (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, PhD School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Nosal-Kovalenko
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; (H.N.-K.); (W.J.); (A.K.); (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Weronika Janik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; (H.N.-K.); (W.J.); (A.K.); (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, PhD School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Krasuska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; (H.N.-K.); (W.J.); (A.K.); (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Dorota Stańczyk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; (H.N.-K.); (W.J.); (A.K.); (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ewa Sabura
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; (H.N.-K.); (W.J.); (A.K.); (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Bartoszewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; (H.N.-K.); (W.J.); (A.K.); (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Rybak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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86
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Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known to promote innate immune responses during and in the absence of microbial infections. However, excessive or prolonged exposure to ROS provokes innate immune signaling dysfunction and contributes to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. The relatively high basal expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells renders them prone to activation in response to minor intrinsic or extrinsic ROS misbalances in the absence of pathogens. Critical Issues: A prominent source of ROS are mitochondria, which are also major inter-organelle hubs for innate immunity activation, since most PRRs and downstream receptor molecules are directly located either at mitochondria or at mitochondria-associated membranes. Due to their ancestral bacterial origin, mitochondria can also act as quasi-intrinsic self-microbes that mimic a pathogen invasion and become a source of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that triggers innate immunity from within. Recent Advances: The release of mitochondrial DAMPs correlates with mitochondrial metabolism changes and increased generation of ROS, which can lead to the oxidative modification of DAMPs. Recent studies suggest that ROS-modified mitochondrial DAMPs possess increased, persistent immunogenicity. Future Directions: Herein, we discuss how mitochondrial DAMP release and oxidation activates PRRs, changes cellular metabolism, and causes innate immune response dysfunction by promoting systemic inflammation, thereby contributing to the onset or progression of autoimmune diseases. The future goal is to understand what the tipping point for DAMPs is to become oxidized, and whether this is a road without return. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 441-461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koenig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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87
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Oh TS, Hutchins DC, Mainali R, Goslen KH, Quinn MA. Itaconate and Its Derivatives Repress Early Myogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:748375. [PMID: 35265064 PMCID: PMC8898833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.748375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Krebs cycle intermediate metabolite, itaconate, has gained attention as a potential antimicrobial and autoimmune disease treatment due to its anti-inflammatory effects. While itaconate and its derivatives pose an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, the effects outside the immune system still remain limited, particularly in the muscle. Therefore, we endeavored to determine if itaconate signaling impacts muscle differentiation. Utilizing the well-established C2C12 model of in vitro myogenesis, we evaluated the effects of itaconate and its derivatives on transcriptional and protein markers of muscle differentiation as well as mitochondrial function. We found itaconate and the derivatives dimethyl itaconate and 4-octyl itaconate disrupt differentiation media-induced myogenesis. A primary biological effect of itaconate is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor. We find the SDH inhibitors dimethyl malonate and harzianopyridone phenocopie the anti-myogenic effects of itaconate. Furthermore, we find treatment with exogenous succinate results in blunted myogenesis. Together our data indicate itaconate and its derivatives interfere with in vitro myogenesis, potentially through inhibition of SDH and subsequent succinate accumulation. We also show 4-octyl itaconate suppresses injury-induced MYOG expression in vivo. More importantly, our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of itaconate, and its derivatives could be limited due to deleterious effects on myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Seok Oh
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Damian C. Hutchins
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rabina Mainali
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kevin H. Goslen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Matthew A. Quinn
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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88
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Li Y, Li YC, Liu XT, Zhang L, Chen YH, Zhao Q, Gao W, Liu B, Yang H, Li P. Blockage of citrate export prevents TCA cycle fragmentation via Irg1 inactivation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110391. [PMID: 35172156 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of activated macrophages relies on aerobic glycolysis, while mitochondrial oxidation is disrupted. In lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, the citrate carrier (CIC) exports citrate from mitochondria to enhance glycolytic genes through histone acetylation. CIC inhibition or Slc25a1 knockdown reduces the occupancy of H3K9ac to hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) binding sites in promoters of glycolytic genes to restrain glycolysis. HIF-1α also transcriptionally upregulates immune-responsive gene 1 for itaconate production, which is inhibited by CIC blocking. Isotopic tracing of [U-13C6] glucose shows that CIC blockage prevents citrate accumulation and itaconate production by reducing glycolytic flux and facilitating metabolic flux in the TCA cycle. Isotopic tracing of [U-13C5] glutamine reveals that CIC inhibition reduces succinate accumulation from glutaminolysis and the gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt by enhancing mitochondrial oxidation. By restraining glycolysis, CIC inhibition increases NAD+ content to ensure mitochondrial biogenesis for oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, blockage of citrate export reduces cerebral thrombosis by inactivation of peripheral macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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89
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Abstract
Succinate is an important intermediate product of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Recent studies revealed that beyond its known traditional metabolic functions, succinate plays important roles in signal transduction, immunity, inflammation, and posttranslational modification. Recent studies showed that patients and mouse models with cardiovascular disease have high levels of serum succinate and succinate accumulation. Atherosclerosis (As) is the pathological basis of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and peripheral vascular disease, and is a major factor affecting human health. This article reviews the progression of succinate in As diseases and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yamin Liang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dangheng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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90
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Baryła M, Semeniuk-Wojtaś A, Róg L, Kraj L, Małyszko M, Stec R. Oncometabolites-A Link between Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11020270. [PMID: 35205136 PMCID: PMC8869548 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is the space between healthy tissues and cancer cells, created by the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, infiltrating cells such as immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. These components constantly interact and influence each other, enabling cancer cells to survive and develop in the host organism. Accumulated intermediate metabolites favoring dysregulation and compensatory responses in the cell, called oncometabolites, provide a method of communication between cells and might also play a role in cancer growth. Here, we describe the changes in metabolic pathways that lead to accumulation of intermediate metabolites: lactate, glutamate, fumarate, and succinate in the tumor and their impact on the tumor microenvironment. These oncometabolites are not only waste products, but also link all types of cells involved in tumor survival and progression. Oncometabolites play a particularly important role in neoangiogenesis and in the infiltration of immune cells in cancer. Oncometabolites are also associated with a disrupted DNA damage response and make the tumor microenvironment more favorable for cell migration. The knowledge summarized in this article will allow for a better understanding of associations between therapeutic targets and oncometabolites, as well as the direct effects of these particles on the formation of the tumor microenvironment. In the future, targeting oncometabolites could improve treatment standards or represent a novel method for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Baryła
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (L.R.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Semeniuk-Wojtaś
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (L.R.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Letycja Róg
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (L.R.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Leszek Kraj
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (L.R.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (R.S.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Maciej Małyszko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (L.R.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rafał Stec
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (L.R.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (R.S.)
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91
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Chawla S, Asadollahi S, Gupta PK, Nath K, Brem S, Mohan S. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in a case of neurocysticercosis from North America. Neuroradiol J 2022; 35:119-125. [PMID: 34167362 PMCID: PMC8826293 DOI: 10.1177/19714009211026889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the metacestode of pork tapeworm (Taenia solium). NCC is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. We present a patient harboring a bilobed ring-enhancing lesion with a presumed diagnosis of brain metastasis, who returned to the USA after traveling to an endemic region. The diagnosis of NCC was established based on a characteristic resonance of succinate on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Also, higher mean diffusivity and lower fractional anisotropy along with relative cerebral blood volume were observed from the lesion compared to contralateral normal brain regions. Multiparametric analysis may improve the differential diagnosis of ring-enhancing intracranial lesions such as NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA,Sanjeev Chawla, Department of Radiology, Division
of Neuroradiology, 219 Dulles Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Perelman School of Medicine at
the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Shadi Asadollahi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
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92
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Khellaf A, Garcia NM, Tajsic T, Alam A, Stovell MG, Killen MJ, Howe DJ, Guilfoyle MR, Jalloh I, Timofeev I, Murphy MP, Carpenter TA, Menon DK, Ercole A, Hutchinson PJ, Carpenter KL, Thelin EP, Helmy A. Focally administered succinate improves cerebral metabolism in traumatic brain injury patients with mitochondrial dysfunction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:39-55. [PMID: 34494481 PMCID: PMC8721534 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211042112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), raised cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) reflects impaired energy metabolism. Raised LPR correlates with poor outcome and mortality following TBI. We prospectively recruited patients with TBI requiring neurocritical care and multimodal monitoring, and utilised a tiered management protocol targeting LPR. We identified patients with persistent raised LPR despite adequate cerebral glucose and oxygen provision, which we clinically classified as cerebral 'mitochondrial dysfunction' (MD). In patients with TBI and MD, we administered disodium 2,3-13C2 succinate (12 mmol/L) by retrodialysis into the monitored region of the brain. We recovered 13C-labelled metabolites by microdialysis and utilised nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for identification and quantification.Of 33 patients with complete monitoring, 73% had MD at some point during monitoring. In 5 patients with multimodality-defined MD, succinate administration resulted in reduced LPR(-12%) and raised brain glucose(+17%). NMR of microdialysates demonstrated that the exogenous 13C-labelled succinate was metabolised intracellularly via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. By targeting LPR using a tiered clinical algorithm incorporating intracranial pressure, brain tissue oxygenation and microdialysis parameters, we identified MD in TBI patients requiring neurointensive care. In these, focal succinate administration improved energy metabolism, evidenced by reduction in LPR. Succinate merits further investigation for TBI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Khellaf
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nuria Marco Garcia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamara Tajsic
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aftab Alam
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew G Stovell
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - Monica J Killen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew R Guilfoyle
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ibrahim Jalloh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivan Timofeev
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Adrian Carpenter
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ari Ercole
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keri Lh Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric P Thelin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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93
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Kiprowska M, Guo Y, Yamamoto K, Li X. Diethyl Succinate Modulates Microglial Polarization and Activation by Reducing Mitochondrial Fission and Cellular ROS. Metabolites 2021; 11:854. [PMID: 34940612 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate is a metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) which plays a central role in mitochondrial activity. Excess succinate is known to be transported out of the cytosol, where it activates a succinate receptor (SUCNR1) to enhance inflammation through macrophages in various contexts. In addition, the intracellular role of succinate beyond an intermediate metabolite and prior to its extracellular release is also important to the polarization of macrophages. However, the role of succinate in microglial cells has not been characterized. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates the elevation of intracellular succinate levels. To reveal the function of intracellular succinate associated with LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in microglial cells, we assessed the levels of ROS, cytokine production and mitochondrial fission in the primary microglia pretreated with cell-permeable diethyl succinate mimicking increased intracellular succinate. Our results suggest that elevated intracellular succinate exerts a protective role in the primary microglia by preventing their conversion into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype induced by LPS. This protective effect is SUCNR1-independent and mediated by reduced mitochondrial fission and cellular ROS production.
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94
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are both opportunistic pathogens that are frequently associated with chronic lung infections. While bacterial virulence determinants are critical in initiating infection, the metabolic flexibility of these bacteria promotes their persistence in the airway. Upon infection, these pathogens induce host immunometabolic reprogramming, resulting in an airway milieu replete with immune-signaling metabolites. These metabolites are often toxic to the bacteria and create a steep selection pressure for the emergence of bacterial isolates adapted for long-term survival in the inflamed lung. In this review, we discuss the main differences in the host immunometabolic response to P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, as well as how these pathogens alter their own metabolism to adapt to airway metabolites and cause persistent lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Wong Fok Lung
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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95
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Godsora BKJ, Prakash P, Punekar NS, Bhaumik P. Molecular insights into the inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by the dicarboxylic acid metabolites. Proteins 2021; 90:810-823. [PMID: 34748226 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a salient metabolic enzyme which catalyzes the NAD+ - or NADP+ -dependent reversible conversion of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) to l-glutamate; and thereby connects the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles in all living organisms. The function of GDH is extensively regulated by both metabolites (citrate, succinate, etc.) and non-metabolites (ATP, NADH, etc.) but sufficient molecular evidences are lacking to rationalize the inhibitory effects by the metabolites. We have expressed and purified NADP+ -dependent Aspergillus terreus GDH (AtGDH) in recombinant form. Succinate, malonate, maleate, fumarate, and tartrate independently inhibit the activity of AtGDH to different extents. The crystal structures of AtGDH complexed with the dicarboxylic acid metabolites and the coenzyme NADPH have been determined. Although AtGDH structures are not complexed with substrate; surprisingly, they acquire super closed conformation like previously reported for substrate and coenzyme bound catalytically competent Aspergillus niger GDH (AnGDH). These dicarboxylic acid metabolites partially occupy the same binding pocket as substrate; but interact with varying polar interactions and the coenzyme NADPH binds to the Domain-II of AtGDH. The low inhibition potential of tartrate as compared to other dicarboxylic acid metabolites is due to its weaker interactions of carboxylate groups with AtGDH. Our results suggest that the length of carbon skeleton and positioning of the carboxylate groups of inhibitors between two conserved lysine residues at the GDH active site might be the determinants of their inhibitory potency. Molecular details on the dicarboxylic acid metabolites bound AtGDH active site architecture presented here would be applicable to GDHs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prem Prakash
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Narayan S Punekar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasenjit Bhaumik
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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96
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Atallah R, Gindlhuber J, Platzer W, Bärnthaler T, Tatzl E, Toller W, Strutz J, Rittchen S, Luschnig P, Birner-Gruenberger R, Wadsack C, Heinemann A. SUCNR1 Is Expressed in Human Placenta and Mediates Angiogenesis: Significance in Gestational Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12048. [PMID: 34769478 PMCID: PMC8585094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental hypervascularization has been reported in pregnancy-related pathologies such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Nevertheless, the underlying causes behind this abnormality are not well understood. In this study, we addressed the expression of SUCNR1 (cognate succinate receptor) in human placental endothelial cells and hypothesized that the succinate-SUCNR1 axis might play a role in the placental hypervascularization reported in GDM. We measured significantly higher succinate levels in placental tissue lysates from women with GDM relative to matched controls. In parallel, SUCNR1 protein expression was upregulated in GDM tissue lysates as well as in isolated diabetic fetoplacental arterial endothelial cells (FpECAds). A positive correlation of SUCNR1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels in tissue lysates indicated a potential link between the succinate-SUCNR1 axis and placental angiogenesis. In our in vitro experiments, succinate prompted hallmarks of angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) such as proliferation, migration and spheroid sprouting. These results were further validated in fetoplacental arterial endothelial cells (FpECAs), where succinate induced endothelial tube formation. VEGF gene expression was increased in response to succinate in both HUVECs and FpECAs. Yet, knockdown of SUCNR1 in HUVECs led to suppression of VEGF gene expression and abrogated the migratory ability and wound healing in response to succinate. In conclusion, our data underline SUCNR1 as a promising metabolic target in human placenta and as a potential driver of enhanced placental angiogenesis in GDM.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes, Gestational/genetics
- Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism
- Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Placenta/blood supply
- Placenta/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Atallah
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
- National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (R.B.-G.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Platzer
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Eva Tatzl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.T.); (W.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Toller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.T.); (W.T.)
| | - Jasmin Strutz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.S.); (C.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (R.B.-G.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
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97
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Kim NY, Lee YJ, Park JW, Kim SN, Kim EY, Kim Y, Kim OB. An Escherichia coli FdrA Variant Derived from Syntrophic Coculture with a Methanogen Increases Succinate Production Due to Changes in Allantoin Degradation. mSphere 2021; 6:e0065421. [PMID: 34494882 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00654-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type Escherichia coli was adapted to syntrophic growth with Methanobacterium formicicum for glycerol fermentation over 44 weeks. Succinate production by E. coli started to increase in the early stages of syntrophic growth. Genetic analysis of the cultured E. coli population by pooled sequencing at eight time points suggests that (i) rapid evolution occurred through repeated emergence of mutators that introduced a large number of nucleotide variants and (ii) many mutators increased to high frequencies but remained polymorphic throughout the continuous cultivation. The evolved E. coli populations exhibited gains both in fitness and succinate production, but only for growth under glycerol fermentation with M. formicicum (the condition for this laboratory evolution) and not under other growth conditions. The mutant alleles of the 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the adapted E. coli populations were constructed individually in the ancestral wild-type E. coli. We analyzed the phenotypic changes caused by 84 variants, including 15 nonsense variants, and found that FdrAD296Y was the most significant variant leading to increased succinate production. Transcription of fdrA was induced under anaerobic allantoin degradation conditions, and FdrA was shown to play a crucial role in oxamate production. The FdrAD296Y variant increased glyoxylate conversion to malate by accelerating oxamate production, which promotes carbon flow through the C4 branch, leading to increased succinate production. IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate the ability of E. coli to perform glycerol fermentation in coculture with the methanogen M. formicicum to produce succinate. We found that the production of succinate by E. coli significantly increased during successive cocultivation. Genomic DNA sequencing, evaluation of relative fitness, and construction of SNPs were performed, from which FdrAD296Y was identified as the most significant variant to enable increased succinate production by E. coli. The function of FdrA is uncertain. In this study, experiments with gene expression assays and metabolic analysis showed for the first time that FdrA could be the “orphan enzyme” oxamate:carbamoyltransferase in anaerobic allantoin degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the anaerobic allantoin degradation pathway is linked to succinate production via the glyoxylate pathway during glycerol fermentation.
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98
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Aggarwal RK, Luchtel RA, Machha V, Tischer A, Zou Y, Pradhan K, Ashai N, Ramachandra N, Albanese JM, Yang JI, Wang X, Aluri S, Gordon S, Aboumohamed A, Gartrell BA, Hafizi S, Pullman J, Shenoy N. Functional succinate dehydrogenase deficiency is a common adverse feature of clear cell renal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106947118. [PMID: 34551979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106947118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that underexpression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits resulting in accumulation of oncogenic succinate is a common, adverse, epigenetic modulating feature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), during pathogenesis and progression. The study sheds light on the mechanisms of down-regulation of SDH subunits in ccRCC and deciphers the consequent oncogenic effects. It shows that functional SDH deficiency is a common feature of ccRCC (∼80% of all kidney cancers), and not just limited to the 0.05 to 0.5% of kidney cancers with germline SDH mutations. Reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity resulting in adverse succinate accumulation was previously considered relevant only in 0.05 to 0.5% of kidney cancers associated with germline SDH mutations. Here, we sought to examine a broader role for SDH loss in kidney cancer pathogenesis/progression. We report that underexpression of SDH subunits resulting in accumulation of oncogenic succinate is a common feature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) (∼80% of all kidney cancers), with a marked adverse impact on survival in ccRCC patients (n = 516). We show that SDH down-regulation is a critical brake in the TCA cycle during ccRCC pathogenesis and progression. In exploring mechanisms of SDH down-regulation in ccRCC, we report that Von Hippel-Lindau loss-induced hypoxia-inducible factor–dependent up-regulation of miR-210 causes direct inhibition of the SDHD transcript. Moreover, shallow deletion of SDHB occurs in ∼20% of ccRCC. We then demonstrate that SDH loss-induced succinate accumulation contributes to adverse loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, gain of 5-methylcytosine, and enhanced invasiveness in ccRCC via inhibition of ten-eleven translocation (TET)-2 activity. Intriguingly, binding affinity between the catalytic domain of recombinant TET-2 and succinate was found to be very low, suggesting that the mechanism of succinate-induced attenuation of TET-2 activity is likely via product inhibition rather than competitive inhibition. Finally, exogenous ascorbic acid, a TET-activating demethylating agent, led to reversal of the above oncogenic effects of succinate in ccRCC cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that functional SDH deficiency is a common adverse feature of ccRCC and not just limited to the kidney cancers associated with germline SDH mutations.
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99
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Fernández-Veledo S, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Vendrell J. Rethinking succinate: an unexpected hormone-like metabolite in energy homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:680-692. [PMID: 34301438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the signaling capacity of energy metabolites. A prime example is the Krebs cycle substrate succinate, an archetypal respiratory substrate with functions beyond energy production as an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule. Long associated with inflammation, emerging evidence supports a key role for succinate in metabolic processes relating to energy management. As the natural ligand for SUCNR1, a G protein-coupled receptor, succinate is akin to hormones and likely functions as a reporter of metabolism and stress. In this review, we reconcile new and old observations to outline a regulatory role for succinate in metabolic homeostasis. We highlight the importance of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolic diseases as an integrator of macrophage immune response, and we discuss new metabolic functions recently ascribed to succinate in specific tissues. Because circulating succinate has emerged as a promising biomarker in chronic metabolic diseases, a better understanding of the physiopathological role of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolism might open new avenues for clinical use in patients with obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Fremder M, Kim SW, Khamaysi A, Shimshilashvili L, Eini-Rider H, Park IS, Hadad U, Cheon JH, Ohana E. A transepithelial pathway delivers succinate to macrophages, thus perpetuating their pro-inflammatory metabolic state. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109521. [PMID: 34380041 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut metabolite composition determined by the microbiota has paramount impact on gastrointestinal physiology. However, the role that bacterial metabolites play in communicating with host cells during inflammatory diseases is poorly understood. Here, we aim to identify the microbiota-determined output of the pro-inflammatory metabolite, succinate, and to elucidate the pathways that control transepithelial succinate absorption and subsequent succinate delivery to macrophages. We show a significant increase of succinate uptake into pro-inflammatory macrophages, which is controlled by Na+-dependent succinate transporters in macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, we find that fecal and serum succinate concentrations were markedly augmented in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and corresponded to changes in succinate-metabolizing gut bacteria. Together, our results describe a succinate production and transport pathway that controls the absorption of succinate generated by distinct gut bacteria and its delivery into macrophages. In IBD, this mechanism fails to protect against the succinate surge, which may result in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Fremder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahlam Khamaysi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Liana Shimshilashvili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hadar Eini-Rider
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - I Seul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Uzi Hadad
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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