William Healy (1869-1963): pioneer child psychiatrist and criminologist

William Healy, M.D., a pioneer psychiatrist and criminologist, established the first child guidance clinic in the United States in 1909, and was an early advocate of both the "team approach" and the "child's own story" in treatment and research. One of the founders and the first president of the American Orthopsychiatric Association, Healy helped introduce Freudian thought into the United States. Among his contributions to the field of criminology are his book The Individual Delinquent (1915) and his "multifactor theory" of delinquency, which broadened the field and moved it away from European criminology's stress on genetic factors. Healy developed an elaborate methodology for the complete study of the offender by a variety of specialists. He was also a reformer in the field of corrections, based on his investigations of several institutions for delinquents.

A history of firearms identification to 1930

This is a history of the science of firearms examination which for the most part originated with the report by Dr. Albert Hall in 1900 about the basic problems of bullet identification. The literature of the early part of the century is reviewed and individual articles apropos to this subject are analyzed. The American experience is reviewed, including the activities of Dr. Goddard up to 1930. He discusses the investigation of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago.

Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis

The lesions of C2 seen in hyperextension injuries of the cervical spine following motor vehicle accidents, diving accidents, and headlong falls resemble the cervical lesion found in judicial hangings. Although the mechanism of injury in these cervical fractures is different, the distinction is significant. The fracture seen in motor vehicular accidents today usually seems to be one of hyperextension and axial compression rather than hyperextension and distraction. This distinction is responsible for the low incidence of neurologic involvement seen in the fracture caused by motor vehicle accidents. The incidence of face and scalp injuries associated with axis pedicle fractures appears significant. Union of this fracture can generally be expected, and it rarely produces late sequelae. Management of this fracture is generally preferable on an ambulatory basis utilizing a cervicothoracic brace or a halo and caudal support in more unstable fractures. A period of 12 weeks of immobilization is recommended for satisfactory union of this fracture. Occasionally the treatment of this fracture may require traction or operative intervention. If operative intervention is required, an anterior route employing interbody fusion is suggested.