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Lander B, Alvarado M, Alvarez IC, Armas E, Chique-Alfonzo G, Hernandez F, Labarca R, Leon R, Molina O, Monasterios I, Ramirez CI, Rubio E, Torres B, Viso-Barroso R, Simmonds Z, Soto A. [Venezuelan consensus guidelines on the use of magnetic resonance in diagnosis and follow up of patients with multiple sclerosis]. Rev Neurol 2017; 65:117-126. [PMID: 28699154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical use of magnetic resonance (MR) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has advanced markedly over the past few years. Several groups around the world have developed consensus guidelines about the role of MR in MS at diagnosis and during follow up. However, in some regions is difficult to extrapolate the recommendations. AIM To provide recommendations for the implementation of MR in MS patients at diagnosis and follow up in Venezuela. DEVELOPMENT A group of experts from Venezuela that included neurologists and radiologists, by using the online surveys methodology as well as face to face meetings developed the intended consensus for the use of MR during the diagnosis and follow up of MS patients in Venezuela. Seventeen recommendations were established based on published evidence and the expert opinion. Recommendations focused on the role of conventional MR techniques and brain atrophy measurement in MS patients both at diagnosis and during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The recommendations of this consensus guidelines attempts to optimize the health care and management of patients with MS in Venezuela.
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Bermeo A, Bravo M, Huerta M, Soto A. A system to monitor tremors in patients with Parkinson's disease. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:5007-5010. [PMID: 28269393 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work the design and development of a system to monitor tremors in patients with Parkinson's disease based on Arduino open-source prototyping platform is presented. For processing data tremors acquired by the sensor device we have developed an Android application which allows an evaluation of the state of PD patients based on three types of tests that are in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale recommended by the Movement Disorder Society (MDS-UPDRS); the tests performed in the application are: postural tremor of the hands, kinetic tremors of the hands and resting tremor amplitude. The results of PD Patients showed that despite receiving medication to minimize symptoms of their disease, patients have a considerable tremor amplitude, which affects the normal development of their daily activities. In addition, the spectral analysis of the tremors shows that two of the patients were correctly diagnosed with PD while the third patient showed spectral characteristics which led us to suggest to the treating physician reconsider the diagnosis.
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García O, Soto A, Yurrebaso I. Allele frequencies and other forensic parameters of the HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity Panel markers in Basques using the Ion Torrent PGM™ platform. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 28:e8-e10. [PMID: 28342798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity Panel amplifies 90 autosomal SNPs and 34 Y- SNPs with massively parallel sequencing (MPS) using the Ion Torrent PGM™ platform. In the present study, 105 Basques were analyzed to assess this panel. All loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no association between them was detected. Forensic parameters were calculated as 5.74×10-36 for combined match probability and 99.99998% for combined power of exclusion. In conclusion, the HID Identity panel and the use of this new MPS technology are very promising tools for paternity testing and human identification in routine casework in the forensic field.
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Ávalos JA, Balasch S, Soto A. Flight behaviour and dispersal of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using mark-release-recapture method. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 106:606-614. [PMID: 27215794 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The flight ability and patterns of an insect influence its spread, and the study of its behaviour can be used to improve the strategies to control the pest. Regarding Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), one of the worst threats to palm trees worldwide, laboratory experiments have been conducted to analyze their flight potential. However, these data must be complemented with tests that allow us to know its flight behaviour and dispersal patterns under field conditions. Two mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted in areas with R. ferrugineus infestations. In the first, the effects of weevil sex, temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity, on the take-off and flight mobility of adults were analyzed. The second experiment aimed to determine the maximum flight distance covered by adults in field. The take-off rate for R. ferrugineus males was significantly greater than for females, and was positively influenced by temperature (optimum take-off around 25°C) and solar radiation, both factors being highly correlated. Female weevil recaptures were significantly higher, especially as temperatures increased (optimum recapture around 21°C). Dispersal distances of weevil adults increased when temperatures rose, and while this insect tended to fly short distances (<500 m), it was able to cover up to 7 km. The dispersal of R. ferrugineus adults mainly occurred during the first 7 days after their release, and when relative humidity increased, their dispersal time was reduced. The results obtained will permit a more effective implementation of certain measures used to control R. ferrugineus, such as olfactory trapping or intensive surveillance around pest outbreaks.
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Poveda A, Oaknin A, Romero I, Guerrero A, Madrid LF, Soto A, Peris C, Guerrero JL. Phase Ib/II study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of PM01183 (lurbinectedin) in combination with olaparib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw374.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zafra GM, Te Masso J, Gonzalez JR, Luque PS, Romero JA, García T, Henarejos PS, Soto A, Martinez M. Differential clinical and pathological characteristics of hereditary neuroendocrine pancreatic tumours (NEPT). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw369.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rodríguez-Escontrela I, Arce A, Soto A, Marcilla A, Olaya MM, Reyes-Labarta JA. Correlation of three-liquid-phase equilibria involving ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21610-7. [PMID: 27427420 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The difficulty in achieving a good thermodynamic description of phase equilibria is finding a model that can be extended to a large variety of chemical families and conditions. This problem worsens in the case of systems containing more than two phases or involving complex compounds such as ionic liquids. However, there are interesting applications that involve multiphasic systems, and the promising features of ionic liquids suggest that they will play an important role in many future processes. In this work, for the first time, the simultaneous correlation of liquid-liquid and liquid-liquid-liquid equilibrium data for ternary systems involving ionic liquids has been carried out. To that end, the phase diagram of the water + [P6 6 6 14][DCA] + hexane system has been determined at 298.15 K and 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The importance of this system lies in the possibility of using the surface active ionic liquid to improve surfactant enhanced oil recovery methods. With those and previous measurements, thirteen sets of equilibrium data for water + ionic liquid + oil ternary systems have been correlated. The isoactivity equilibrium condition, using the NRTL model, and some pivotal strategies are proposed to correlate these complex systems. Good agreement has been found between experimental and calculated data in all the regions (one triphasic and two biphasic) of the diagrams. The geometric aspects related to the Gibbs energy of mixing function obtained using the model, together with the minor common tangent plane equilibrium condition, are valuable tools to check the consistency of the obtained correlation results.
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Soto I, Molina O, Soto A, Armas E, Castillo M, Vllalobos V, Hernandez F, Ferrer O. Brain lesions in Venezuelans NMOSD patients. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Farías G, Nuñez J, Venegas P, Martínez M, Soto A. Clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in patients with parkinsonims. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Freire M, Rivera A, Soto A, Fonollosa V, Colunga D, Egurbide M, Marí B, Simeon C. FRI0480 Clinic and Mortality Differences Between Sclerodermic Men and Women of the Rescle Cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Beltrà A, Pekas A, Soto A, Tena A. Employing evolutionary theory to improve biological pest control: Causes of non-adaptive sex allocation behavior in parasitoid wasps and implications. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Battaglioli T, Soto A, Agapito J, Acurio V, Van der Stuyft P. Manual liquid culture on simple Middlebrook 7H9 or MGIT for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 19:1500-3. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ávalos JA, Martí-Campoy A, Soto A. Study of the flying ability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using a computer-monitored flight mill. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 104:462-470. [PMID: 24739938 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), native to tropical Asian regions, has become a serious threat to palm trees all over the world. Knowledge of its flight potential is vital to improving the preventive and curative measures currently used to manage this pest. As R. ferrugineus is a quarantine pest, it is difficult to study its flight potential in the field. A computer-monitored flight mill was adapted to analyse the flying ability of R. ferrugineus through the study of different flight parameters (number of flights, total distance flown, longest single flight, flight duration, and average and maximum speed) and the influence of the weevil's sex, age, and body size on these flight parameters. Despite significant differences in the adult body size (body weight and length) of males and females, the sex of R. ferrugineus adults did not have an influence on their flight potential. Neither adult body size nor age was found to affect the weevil's flying abilities, although there was a significantly higher percentage of individuals flying that were 8-23 days old than 1-7 days old. Compared to the longest single flight, 54% of the insects were classified as short-distance flyers (covering <100 m) and 36 and 10% were classified as medium- (100-5000 m) and long-distance (>5000 m), respectively. The results are compared with similar studies on different insect species under laboratory and field conditions.
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Olave E, Binvignat O, Soto A, Cabezas JJ. Huesos Sesamoideos en la Mano Humana. INT J MORPHOL 2014. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022014000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Leiva E, Mujica V, Orrego R, Wehinger S, Soto A, Icaza G, Vásquez M, Díaz L, Andrews M, Arredondo M. Subjects with impaired fasting glucose: evolution in a period of 6 years. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:710370. [PMID: 25215305 PMCID: PMC4158147 DOI: 10.1155/2014/710370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the evolution of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), considering glucose and HbA1c levels and risk factors associated, in a period of 6 years. METHODS We studied 94 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) that were diagnosed in 2005 and followed up to 2012. Glucose and HbA1c levels were determined. A descriptive analysis of contingence charts was performed in order to study the evolution in the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESULTS Twenty-eight of ninety-four subjects became T2DM; 51/94 remained with IFG; and 20/94 presented normal fasting glucose. From the 28 diabetic subjects, 9 had already developed diabetes and were under treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents; 5 were diagnosed with plasma glucose < 126 mg/dL, but with HbA1c over 6.5%. In those who developed diabetes, 15/28 had a family history of T2DM in first relative degree. Also, diabetic subjects had a BMI significantly higher than nodiabetics (t test: P < 0.01). The individuals that in 2005 had the highest BMI are those who currently have diabetes. CONCLUSION The IFG constitutes a condition of high risk of developing T2DM in a few years, especially over 110 mg/dL and in obesity patients.
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Olave E, Cabezas JJ, Soto A, Binvignat O. Nervio Femoral Accesorio: Una Variación del Plexo Lumbar. INT J MORPHOL 2013. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022013000400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ketzoian C, Hackembruch H, Melcon M, Melcon C, Bartoloni L, Cristiano E, Durán J, Kuntz Grzesiuk A, Dadalti Fragoso Y, Bidin Brooks J, Díaz V, Romero García K, Cabera Gómez J, Abad P, Macías Islas M, Gracia F, Hamuy Díaz de Bedoya V, Córdoba Ruiz M, Oehninger C, Soto A. Association between multiple sclerosis prevalence and environmental and genetic factors in Latin America and the Caribbean: An ecological study. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Soto A, Olave E, Binvignat O. Características Biométricas de los Huesos Metacarpianos en Individuos Chilenos. INT J MORPHOL 2013. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022013000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Beltrá A, Garcia-Marí F, Soto A. Seasonal phenology, spatial distribution, and sampling plan for the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 106:1486-1494. [PMID: 23865218 DOI: 10.1603/ec13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phlenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive mealybug of Neotropical origin. In recent years it has invaded the Mediterranean Basin causing significant damages in bougainvillea and other ornamental plants. This article examines its phenology, location on the plant and spatial distribution, and presents a sampling plan to determine P. peruvianus population density for the management of this mealybug in southern Europe. Six urban green spaces with bougainvillea plants were periodically surveyed between March 2008 and September 2010 in eastern Spain, sampling bracts, leaves, and twigs. Our results show that P. peruvianus abundance was high in spring and summer, declining to almost undetectable levels in autumn and winter. The mealybugs showed a preference for settling on bracts and there were no significant migrations between plant organs. P. peruvianus showed a highly aggregated distribution on bracts, leaves, and twigs. We recommend abinomial sampling of 200 leaves and an action threshold of 55% infested leaves for integrated pest management purposes on urban landscapes and enumerative sampling for ornamental nursery management and additional biological studies.
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Cumplido D, Soto A, Toral J. Bevacizumab in patients with brain radionecrosis. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Cumplido D, Toral J, Soto A. Bladder leiomyosarcoma: Partial cystectomy and complementary treatment. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Soto A, Salgueiro L, Martínez G, Gómez-Ibarlucea E, Forteza J, Seoane J, Carneiro C, Domínguez F, Vidal A. 417 Exploring TRIM59 Oncogenic Function. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morán E, Rogel R, Soto A, Ruiz-Cerdá J, Budía A, Salom J, Jiménez-Cruz J. [Usefulness of new schemes to group Fuhrman grades in clinical practice for clear cell renal tumour]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:352-8. [PMID: 22266258 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if re-grading renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) in two or three-tiered grading schemes versus the traditional Fuhrman classification maintains the same prognostic value. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study of a cohort of 383 treated CRCC with radical or partial nephrectomy between 1990-2009 was made. We analyzed the demographic data, evolution and survival of these patients. An uropathologist reassigned the Fuhrman grades blindly to the first classification. In order to study if the prognostic value was maintained with the different classification, three Cox multivariate regression analysis were performed, classifying the variable of grade into four categories: (I-II-III-IV), into three (I+II-III-IV) and into two (I+II-III+IV). The explanatory variables were: age, gender, tumor size, study stage and grade. The response variables were progression-free survival (local-regional recurrence/metastasis) and cancer specific survival time. RESULTS The median overall survival was 125 months (95% CI: 92-159). In the three multivariate analyses carried out, the Fuhrman classification showed independent predictive value (p=:0.0001) compared to progression-free survival and cancer specific survival. The predictive power was maintained in the new classifications. In the three categories, the changing from grade I+II to III meant RR: 2.31 (p=0.0001) and from grade III to IV RR: 2.47 (p=0.0001) and in two-tiered classification an RR: 2.8 (p=0.001) was found when changing from I+II to III+IV. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that categorizing the Fuhrman grade into three or two-tiered grading schemes provide the same predictive accuracy on progressive free survival and cancer specific survival. Grades III and IV have different outcomes so that the three-tiered classification seems to be more appropriate to described the course of these patients.
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Melcon MO, Melcon CM, Bartoloni L, Cristiano E, Duran JC, Grzesiuk AK, Fragoso YD, Brooks JBB, Díaz V, Romero García KM, Cabrera Gomez JA, Abad P, Islas MAM, Gracia F, Diaz de Bedoya VFH, Ruiz MEC, Hackembruch JH, Oehninger C, Ketzoian CN, Soto A. Towards establishing MS prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mult Scler 2012; 19:145-52. [PMID: 22492129 DOI: 10.1177/1352458512441985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A very high prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported in some Western European and North American countries. The few surveys of MS epidemiology in South America reveal lower prevalence rates, implying that susceptibility varies between distinct ethnic groups, thus forming an important determinant of the geographic distribution of the disease. The objective of this study is to review MS prevalence estimates in different Latin American and Caribbean countries. We reviewed surveys of regional MS prevalence from 1991 to 2011. Sources included an online database, authors' reports and proceedings or specific lectures from regional conferences. We obtained a total of 30 prevalence surveys from 15 countries, showing low/medium MS prevalence rates. Both the number and the quality of prevalence surveys have greatly improved in this region over recent decades. This is the first collaborative study to map the regional frequency of MS. Establishment of standardized methods and joint epidemiological studies will advance future MS research in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Beltrà A, Soto A, Malausa T. Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pseudococcidae surveyed on crops and ornamental plants in Spain. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 102:165-172. [PMID: 22008190 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are common invasive pests in Europe, causing major problems on crops and ornamental plants. However, very few data are available concerning the mealybug fauna of southern Europe. This lack of data and the difficulty of identifying mealybugs morphologically by traditional techniques currently limit the perspectives for efficient specific pest management. The aim of this study was to provide multi-criterion characterization of mealybugs surveyed in eastern Spain in order to facilitate their routine identification through DNA sequencing or the use of derived species-specific molecular tools. We characterised 33 mealybug populations infesting crops and ornamental plants in eastern Spain, using a combination of molecular and morphological techniques, including the sequencing of the universal barcode DNA region cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). This characterisation has led to the identification of ten species and provides sequence data for three previously unsequenced species, contributing to the phylogenetic knowledge of the family Pseudococcidae. In addition, the intraspecific variations found in the populations of five mealybug species provide insight into their invasion history.
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